NEW SYNONYMY AND RECORDS OF AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) Stephen L. Wood^ Abstr.-\ct. — New synonymy afforting American Scolytidae is proposed as follows: Acanthotomicus granulatus (Ferrari), n. comb. {^Miinips uncinatus Wood). Araptus dcyrollei (Blandford). new comb. ( -^Araplus insinuatus Wood), Cnesinus adiistus Schedl { = Cnesinus atrodeclivis Wood). Corlhylocurus mexi- canus (Schedl). n. comb. {=Corthylus cylindricus Schodl). Corthylus collaris Blandford {=Corthylus splendens Wood). Corthylus coma/us Blandford (= Cor- thylus spendidus Bright). Corthylus uniseptis Schedl {= Corthylus reburrus Bright.) Dendrocranulus carbonarius (Ferrari), n. comb. {^--Xylocleptes flori- densis Hopkins, Xylocleples anonne Hopkins). Dendrocranulus maurus (Bland- ford), n. comb. {^Dendrocranulus huehuetanus Schedl). Dendroctonus valens LeConte ( = Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright). Gymnochilus conso- cius (Blandford), n. comb. { = Problechilus trimaculatus Schedl), Gymnochilus minor (Blandford), n. comb. ( = Problechilus varius Schedl), Gymnochilus zona- tus Eichhoff ( = Problechilus freyi Schedl). Hypothenemus areccae (Hornung) {=Hypothenemus vafer Blandford). Hypothenemus erudiius W^estwood {=Cry- phalus obscurus Ferrari). Micracis grandis Schedl ( ^Micracis costaricensis Wood). Micracis swainei Blackman (=Micracis robustus Schedl. Micracis pyg- rnaeus Schedl). Microcorthylus parvulus Ferrari {=Pterocyclon exile Eichhoff), Monarthrum bicolor (Ferrari), n. comb. ( = Corthylus signatus Ferrari. Phthorius edentatus Hagedorn). Alonarthruni consimile (Blandford). n. comb. (^Ptero- cyclon pseudosulcatum Schedl). Monarthrum egenum (Blandford). n. comb. {=--Brachyspartus hisetosus Schedl). Monarthrum fimbraticorne (Blandford) {=Pterocyclon turbinatum Schedl). Monarthrum gnarum (Schedl), n. comb. { — Amphicranus spinalus Bright). Monarthrum ralidum (Ferrari), n. comb. {=Amphicranus mexicanus Eggers. Pterocyclon jalapae Schedl). Phloeoborus scaber Erichson ( = Phloeoborus opacithorax Schedl). Phloeosinus serratus (Le- Conte) ( ^Phloeosinus rugosus Swaine). Phloenlribus setulosus Eichhoff i^Phloeotribus rudis Eichhoff. Phloentribus sodalis Blandford. Phloeotribus bolivianus Eggers). Pycnarthrutn reticulatum Schedl { ^Pycnarthrum fici Wood), Scolytodes rugicollis (Schedl). n. comb. ( =Scolytodes plicatus Wood). Xylosan- drus morigerus (Blandford) ( = Xyleborus luzonicus Eggers). New names are proposed as follows: Araptus decorulus for Araptus decorus Wood. Cnemonyx nigrellus for Loganius niger W^ood, Monarthrum bicoloratum for Monarthrum bicolor Wood. Araptus sobrinus, n. sp. (Mexico), and Dendroctonus vitei, n. sp. (Guatemala), are named as new to science. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins is removed from synonymy. During the preparation of a ta.xonomic monograph of the Scolyt- idae of North and Central America, the unpublished synonymy summarized in the above abstract and treated on the following pages was encountered. In order to stabilize nomenclature and fix estab- lished names, several lectotypes are designated. Specimens or series referred to in the discussion are in my collec- tion unless a definite statement indicates otherwise. The species are arranged in alphabetical order except that those described as new to science are presented at the end of the article. Acanthomicus granulatus (Ferrari), n. comb. Xylocleptes granulatus Ferrari. 1867, Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen 'Department of ZooIorv, Brighain YmiriK Univcrsitv. Provo, Utah 84ri02. Scnlvtidac rnnlrib\itif>ii No. .54. 277 278 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 Borkenkafer, p. 40 (Lectotype, male; Venezuela, probably at Colonia Tovar; Vienna Mus., present designation) . Mimips uncinatus Wood, 1971, Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 15(3) :41 (Holotype, male; Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela; Wood Coll.). New synonymy The type series of four specimens of Xylocleptes granulatus Ferrari collected by Moritz in 1858 was compared directly to the type series of Mimips uncinatus Wood. They are identical in every respect. It is a common species in the vicinity of the Moritz home at Colonia Tovar; it was not found in the Caracas area where Moritz lived at an earlier date. Araptus decor ulus, n. n. Araptus decorus Wood, 1974 (nee. Bright, 1972), Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 19(1 ):47 (Holotype, male; Rincon de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; Wood Coll.). Araptus decorus Wood is a junior homonym of Neodryocoetes decorus Bright (1972, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 21:96), because the genera to which they belong have been synonymized. The new name Araptus decorulus is proposed as a replacement for decorus Wood. Araptus deyrollei (Blandford), n. comb. Pityophthorus deyrollei Blandford. 1904, Biol. Centr. Amer., Coleopt. 4(6):245 (Lectotype, male; Mexico; British Mus. Nat. Hist., present designation). Araptus insinuatus Wood, 1974, Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 19(1) :43 (Holotype, male; Guatemala; Wood Coll.). New synonymy Blandford named Pityophthorus deyrollei from two syntypic specimens taken in Mexico. Unfortunately these specimens were not available for loan at the time my study of this genus was made for the monograph, and I depended on specimens identified by other authors for my concept of Blandford's species. When the types were studied it was found that deyrollei is identical to Araptus insinuatus Wood. The first specimen in Blandford's series, a male, is here designated as the lectotype of deyrollei. Cnemonyx nigrellus, n. n. Loganius niger Wood, 1961 (nee. Eggers, 1933), Great Basin Nat. 21:95 (Holo- type, female; 26 km W Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; Wood Coll.). Both Ceratolepsis niger Eggers (1933, Trav. Lab. Ent. Paris, Mem. 1:13) and Loganius niger Wood have been transferred to the genus Cnemonyx (Wood, 1972, Bull. Ent. Res. 62:344), thus creating homon}TTiy. The new name nigrellus is proposed to replace the junior name, niger (Wood). Schedl (1962, Beitr. Ent. 12:486) previously transferred Cera- tolepsis niger Eggers to the genus Camptocerus and thus created secondary homonjiny with Camptocerus niger (Fabricius). He then renamed Eggers's species Camptocerus nigricans Schedl. However, Dec. 1974 wood: American scolytidae 279 the type of the Eggers species is not congeneric wdth the type of the Fabricius species; consequently, the replacement name nigricans must be rejected and Eggers name restored to its original position. Cnesinus adustus Schedl Cnesinus adustus Schedl. 1949, Rev. Brasil. Biol. 9:266 (Lectotype, female; Turri- alba, Costa Rica; Schedl Coll.. present designation). Cnesinus atrodeclivis Wood, 1968, Great Basin Nat. 28:108 (Holotype, female; Zamorano, Morazan, Honduras; Wood Coll.). New synonymy Schedl named adustus from a syntypic series of females. The specimen in his collection labeled "Holotype" is here designated as the lectotype of the species. This lectotype was compared directly to the holot}'pe of atrodeclivis Wood; only one species is represented by this material. Corthylocurus mexicanus (Schedl), n. comb. Brachyspartus mexicanus Schedl, 1950, Dusenia 1:163 (Holotype, male; Comitan, Chiapas, Me.xico; Schedl Coll.). Corthylus cylindricus Schedl, 1963, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 14:164 (Holotype, female; Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Schedl Coll.). New synonymy Several long series of this species were taken in Mexico, Guate- mala, Costa Rica, and Panama. A male and a female in my collec- tion taken with a series from the same branch were compared direct- ly to the holotypes of Brachyspartus mexicanus Schedl and Corthylus cylindricus Schedl and were identical in all respects. Since these two names apply only to the opposite sexes of the same species, the name cylindricus must be placed in synonymy. Corthylus collaris Blandford Corthylus collaris Blandford, 1904, Biol. Centr. Amer. Coleopt. 4(6): 261 (Holo- type, male; Cerro Zunil. Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Corthylus splendens Wood, 1967. Great Basin Nat. 27:138 (Holotype, female; 16 km SE Cartago, Cartago. Costa Rica; Wood Coll.). New synonymy The holotypes of collaris Blandford and splendens Wood were examined. In addition, 43 specimens from Guatemala and 109 specimens from Costa Rica were studied. The northern and southern material can be distinguished by the small differences outlined in the description of splendens. However, in the absence of material from intermediate areas, it appears advisable to place splendens in sy- non>Tny initil the existence of geographical races can be more con- clusively demonstrated. Corthylus coniatus Blandford Corthylus coniatus Blandford. 1904, Biol. Centr. Amer.. Coleopt. 4(6):258 (Holo- type, female; Cerro Zunil. Guatemala; British Mt s. Nat. Hist.). Corthylus splendidus Bright, 1972. Canadian Ent. 104:1371 (Holotype, female; 5.6 km or 3.5 miles S Suchixtepec. Oaxaca, Mexico; Canadian Nat. Coll.). New synonymy 280 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 The holotypes of comatus Blandforcl and splendidus Bright were compared to my material from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama. I am unable to find any character that provides a means of subdividing this common species; consequently, the name splen- didus is placed in synonymy. Corthylus uniseptis Schedl Corthylus uniseptis Schedl, 1961, Pan Pacific Ent. 34:229 (Holotype, male; Cordoba. Veracruz, Mexico; California Acad. Sci.). Corthylus reburrus Bright, 1972, Canadian Ent. 104:1375 (Holotype, female; Palenque Ruins, Chiapas, Mexico; Canadian Nat. Coll.). New synonymy The male holotype of uniseptis Schedl was compared directly to a topotypic male paratype of reburrus Bright. Except for the slightly lighter color of the dark brown uniseptis type I see no difference between the two specimens. Since the slight degree of color differ- ence has no taxonomic value in this section of the genus, only one species is represented by these names. Dendrocranulus carhonarius (Ferrari), n. comb. Xylocleptes carhonarius Ferrari, 1867, Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkater, p. 41 (Holotype, male; Cuba; Vienna Mus.). Xylocleptes floridensis Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Rept. 99:43 (Holotype, female; Biscayne Bay. Florida; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonytny Xylocleptes anonae Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Rept. 99:43 (Holotype, female; Florida; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy The holotypes of carhonarius (Ferrari), floridensis (Hopkins), and anonae Hopkins were compared directly to my series from Cuba. Only one species is represented by these names. Dendrocranulus maurus (Blandford) Dryocoetes maurus Blandford, 1898, Biol. Centr. Amer., Coleopt. 4(6): 191 (Holotype. female; El Tumbador, San Marcos. Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Dendrocranulus huehuetanus Schedl, 1940, An. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol.. Mexico 1:344 (Lectotype, male; Huehuetan, Chiapas, Mexico; Schedl Coll., present designation). New synonymy The male syntype from Huehuetan that was labeled by Schedl as the male "type" is here designated as the lectotype of Dendro- cranulus huehuetanus Schedl. That lectotype was compared directly to my series of maurus (Blandford) which was compared directly to the holotype of this species in 1965. Since they represent the same species, Schedl's name must be placed in synonymy. Dendroctonus valens LeConte Dendroctonus valens LeConte. 1860, Pacific R. R. Expl. 5(2) :59 (Holotype. male; San Francisco, California; Mus. Comp. Zool.). Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright. 1970, Canadian Ent. 102:479 (Holotype, male; 16 km or 10 miles SW El Salto, Durango, Mexico; Canadian Nat. Coll.). New synonymy Dec. 1974 wood: American scolytidae 281 The name rhizophagus Thomas and Bright was proposed for a long series of small specimens taken from the roots of pine seedlings during a severe drought near El Salto, Durango, in 1964. In 1965, I was unable to find specimens in seedlings at the same locality. All of the Dendroctonus taken in the area by me were valens LeConte of normal or near normal size. As with other Mexican valens, the El Salto specimens may construct parental tunnels that are linear, of the cave type, or a combination of these, and the frontal area of the head may be quite different from that seen in specimens from the United States and Canada. After examining the holotype and several paratypes of rhizophagus, the holotype and several thousand other specimens of valens. including several hundred from Mexico, Guate- mala, and Honduras, I am able to recognize only one species. There is a certain amount of variability in the frons in all areas, but these intergrade to such a degree that geographical races are difficult if not impossible to characterize. Gymnochilus consocius (Blandford), n. comb. Problechilus consocius Blandford, 1897. Biol. Centr. Amer., Coleopt. 4(6): 171 (Holotype. male; Cerro Zunil. Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Problechilus trimaculatus Schedl, 1935, Arch. Instit. Biol. Veget. 2:91 (Holotype, female; Venezuela, probably Colonia Tovar; Schedl Coll. ). New synonymy The holotypes of consocius Blandford and trimaculatus Schedl were compared to 102 specimens of this species from Venezuela. Approximately 90 percent of the specimens match the characters of consocius very well. In the type of trimaculatus the discal striae are not at all impressed and the strial punctures are much smaller and less strongly impressed than expected and the color is more nearly reddish brown. About 10 percent of my Venezuelan material ex- hibits variations that completely bridge the gap in characters between the extremes. For this reason, Schedl's name must be placed in synonymy. Gymnochilus minor (Blandford), n. comb. Problechilus minor Blandford. 1897, Biol. Centr. Amer. Coleopt. 4(6): 172 (Syntypes; Guatemala City. Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Problechilus varius Schedl, 1951. Dusenia 2:86 (Holotype, female; Mexico; Schedl Coll.). New synonymy Eight syntypes of minor (Blandford) and the holotype of varius Schedl were examined and compared to several series in my collec- tion. The holotype of varius is a typical female of this species. Gynmochilus zonatus Eichhoff Gymnochilus zonatus Eichhoff. 1867. Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 11:399 (Holotype. sex?; Colombia; lost with Hamburg Mus.). Meringopalpus fallax Hagedorn. 1905. Bull. Mus. Paris 10:547 (Holotype. male; Venezuela, by Moritz, presumably Caracus or Colonia Tovar; Paris Mus.); Eggers, 1932, Wiener Ent. Zeit. 49i:226. Synonymy 282 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 Problechilus freyi Schedl, 1966, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 17:103 (Holotype, female; Rancho Grande near Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela; Frey Mus.)- I^ew synonymy Eggers compared the holotypes of Gymnochilus zonatus Eichhoff and Meringopalpus fallax Hagedorn and concluded that they were synonymous. Since the type of zonatus (3.3 mm) was subsequently lost in the destruction of the Hamburg Museum, Eggers's observa- tion is accepted as correct. The male holotype of fallax (3.2 mm) and the female holotype of freyi (Schedl) (2.8 mm) were examined and were found to represent the same species. This species is almost identical to consocius (Blandford), but it is distinguished by the slightly larger size, by the less strongly impressed male frons, by the more strongly convex female frons, by the reticulate surface among the asperities on the anterior half of the pronotum, by the more coarsely punctured basal fourth of the pronotum, and by the slightly longer elytral vestiture. Hypothenernus areccac (Hornung) Bostrichus areccae Hornung. 1842, Stett. Ent. Zeit. (Lectotype, female; in Betel palm nuts presumably of East Indian origin; Berlin Zool. Mus., present designation). Hypothenernus vafer: Wood, 1972. Great Basin Nat. 32:52. As indicated in the above reference to my recent partial review of the synonymy of this species, there has been much confusion con- cerning the identity of areccae Hornung. The confusion was created by Eggers when he labeled specimens of both areccae and eruditus Westwood as having been compared to the "type." Two syntypes of of areccae in the Berlin Zoologisches Museum are of the species I have referred to as areccae ( = vafer Blandford, fungicola Eggers, hispidus Eggers, etc.). The first of those syntypes has the impressed frons partly obscured by frass; therefore, the second syntype is here designated as the lectotype of areccae Hornung, as indicated above. This species is common in seeds and fruits, although it is also able to breed in twigs, bark, and other materials. Apparently it is native to the Indo-Malayan region; eruditus is less common in seeds and fruits and was not introduced into the Indo-Malayan region until about a half century after areccae was described. Hypothenernus eruditus Westwood Hypothenernus eruditus Westwood, 1836, Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1(1):34 (Syntypes; England). Cryphalus obscurus Ferrari, 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschiidlichen Borken- kafer. p. 17 (Holotype, female; Cuba; Vienna Mus.). New synonymy Although Cryphalus obscurus Ferrari has been considered a junior homonym of a Fabricius species, the species has never been clarified. The female holotype was examined. It has the entire frontal area immersed in glue, but other features clearly indicate that it is a normal specimen of eruditus V^estwood. Dec. 1974 wood: American scolytidae 283 Micracis grandis Schedl Micracis grandis Schedl, 1948, Rev. de Ent. 19:575 (Holotype. female; San Jose de Ixtepec, Chiapas, Mexico; Schedl Coll.). Micracis coslaricensis Wood, 1969, Brighani Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 10(2) :39 (Holotype, female; Volcan Poas, Heredia, Costa Rica; Wood Coll.). New synonymy The female holotypes of grandis Schedl and costaricensis Wood were compared du'ectly to one another and to series from Honduras and Costa Rica. Only one species is represented by this material. Micracis swainei Blackman Micracis swainei Blackman, 1920, Mississippi Agric. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 9:32 (Lectotype, female; luka, Mississippi; U.S. Nat. Mus., designated by Wood, 1963, Great Basin Nat. 33:178). Micracis robustus Schedl. 1948. Rev. de Ent. 19:576 (Holotype, male; Esmeralda, Chiapas, Mexico; Schedl Coll.). New synonymy Micracis pygamaeus Schedl, 1948, Rev. de Ent. 19:577 (Holotype, male; Hue- huetan, Chiapas, Mexico; Schedl Coll.). New synonymy The male holotypes of robustus Schedl and pygamaeus Schedl were compared directly to male specimens from the same series as my homotypes of swainei Blackman; they are of the same species. More than 500 specimens of this species from New York to Hon- duras were examined. The holotype of robustus is of normal size (1.8 mm) and is badly rubbed; the holotype of pygamaeus is near the lower limits of size (1.4 nnn) and has the vestiture in good con- dition. The "second specimen" of pygamaeus, mentioned in the original description, is a female with the epistomal brush of setae that is characteristic of this species. Microcorthylus parvulus Ferrari Microcorthylus parvulus Ferrari, 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borkenkafer. p. 58 (Holotype, male; Venezuela, probably Colonia Tovar; Vienna Mus.). Pterocyclon exile Eichhoff, 1878, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege (2) 8:451 (Holotype, male; Nova Grenada; Brussels Mus.). New synonymy The male holotypes of parvulus Ferrari and exile (Eichhoff) were examined and compared directly to my material. In all, 159 specimens from Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela were ex- amined. Following a detailed study of the genus from these and neighboring area, it was concluded that only one species was repre- sented by this material. Minute variation occurs on the frons; other characters are constant. Monarthrum bicolor (Ferrari), n. comb. Corthylus bicolor Ferrari, 1867, Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschiidlichen Borken- kafer, p. 56 (Holotype. female; Venezuela, probably Colonia Tovar; Vienna Mus.). Corthylus signalus Ferrari. 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschiidlichen Borken- kafer. p. 56 (Syntypes, male; Venezuela, probably Colonia Tovar; Vienna Mus.). New synonymy 284 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 Pthorius edentatus Hagedorn, 1905, Bull. Mus. Paris 10:549 (Holotype, male; Colonia Tovar, Venezuela; Paris Mus.). New synonymy The holotypes of bicolor (Ferrari) and edentatus (Hagedorn) and the two male syntypes of signatus Ferrari were examined and compared directly to my material. The female frons is very distinc- tive, thus making this species easily identified. It is common at high elevations in Colombia and Venezuela. Since bicolor and signatus were taken in Venezuela in 1858 by Moritz, the type localities ap- parently are at or near the Moritz home at Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela. The male declivity varies slightly in certain series in its steepness and in the abruptness of the basal and lateral margins. Blandford's label on the syntypes of signatus erroneously identified them as Monarthrum chapuisii Kirsch. Monarthrum bicoloratum, n. n. Monarthrum bicolor Wood, 1968 (nee. Ferrari, 1867), Great Basin Nat. 28:4 (Holotype, male; Mile 10 on the Bartica-Potaro Road, British Guiana; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). The transfer of Corthylus bicolor Ferrari to Monarthrum (above) made a junior homonym of Wlonarthrum bicolor Wood. The new name bicoloratum is proposed as a replacement name for bicolor Wood. Monarthrum consimile (Blandford), n. comb. Pterocyclon consimile Blandford, 1904, Biol. Centr. Amer., Coleopt. 4(6):275 (Holotype, female; Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Pterocyclon pseudosulcatum Sc.hedl, 1935, Rev. de Ent. 5:348 (Holotype, male; Vara Blanca, Heredia, Costa Rica; Schedl Coll.). New synonymy Series of specimens containing both males and females from the type localities of both consimile (Blandford) and pseudosulcatum (Schedl) were collected and compared to the holotypes of these species. The holotype of consimile is the female, and pseudosulcatum is the male of the same biological species; consequently, Schedl's name is placed in synonymy. Monarthrum egenum (Blandford), n. comb. Pterocyclon egenum Blandford, 1904. Biol. Central Amer.. Coleopt. 4(6):280 (Holotype, female; San Juan, Verapaz, Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Brachyspartus bisetosus Schedl, 1954, Dusenia 5:38 (Syntypes, female; Rio Caraguata, Matto Grosso, Brazil; Schedl Coll., etc.). New synonymy This species is common in Inga and other leguminous trees from Guatemala to Brazil. Females from Costa Rica were compared to the holotype of egenum (Blandford), to two topotypic female syntypes of bisetosus (Schedl), and to several series from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Brazil. Only one species is represented by this material. Schedl's males of bisetosus actually are females with frontal setae; his females lack part or all of these setae. Dec. 1974 wood: American scolytidae 285 Monarthrum fimbraticorne (Blaiidford) Pterocyclon fimbraticorne Blandford, 1904, Biol. Centr. Amer. Coleopt. 4(6):285 (Holotj-pe, female; Purula, Verapaz, Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Pterocyclon turbinatum Schedl, 1961, Pan Pacific Ent. 37:230 (Holotype, male; Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico; California Acad. Sci.). New synonymy The female holotype of fimbraticorne (Blandford) was compared to representatives of several series of this species from Costa Rica. Additional long series have been taken in Venezuela and one addi- tional specimen was seen from Guatemala. Males of these series were compared directly to the male holotype of turbinatum (Schedl). The type of turbinatum is rather small for this species, but males of similar small size occur throughout the range of this species. Monarthrum gnarum (Schedl), n. comb. Pterocyclon gnarum Schedl, 1950. Dusenia 1:169 (Holotype, female; Mexico; Schedl Coll.). Amphicranus spinatus Bright, 1972, Canadian Ent. 104:1383 (Holotype. male; 15 km or 32 miles S Valle Nacional. Oaxaca, Mexico; Canadian Nat. Coll.). New synonymy The holotype of Pterocyclon gnarum Schedl is a female, not a male as stated in the original description. This holotype was com- pared to a topotypic female paratype of Amphicranus spinatus Bright and to another female from Hidalgo. The holotype, allotype, and other para types of spinatus were also examined. It is now clear that all represent one species that is very closely related to praerup- tum (Blandford). Monarthrum validum (Ferrari), n. comb. Corthylus validus Ferrari, 1867, Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschadlichen Borken- kafer, p. 55 (Lectotype, male; Mexico; Vienna Mus.. present designation). Amphicranus mexicanus Eggers. 1931, Ent. Blatt. 27:18 (Holotype, male; Mexico; Berlin Zool. Mus.). New synonymy Pterocyclon jalapae Schedl, 1939, Mitt. Miinchn. Ent. Ges. 29:584 (Holotype, male; Jalapa, Veraci-uz, Mexico; Schedl Coll.). New synonymy The name Corthylus validus Ferrari was based on a male from Mexico, and a female from Venezuela. Blandford (1904, Biol. Centr. Amer., Coleopt. 4(6): 271) transferred the female to another species. The male is here designated as the lectotype of validus. This lecto- type and the male holotype of Amphicranus mexicanus Eggers were compared directly to my series from Costa Rica. Only one species is represented by this material; it occurs from Mexico to Panama. Later, my Costa Rican specimens were compared directly to the holotype of Pterocyclon jalapae Schedl and were also found to be identical. Phloeoborus scaber Erichson Phloeoborus scaber Erichson, 1836, Archiv. Naturgesch. 2(1):55 (Syntypes; Brazil; Berlin Zool. Mus.). Phloeoborus opacithoraz Schedl. 1940. Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem 286 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 7:205 (Syntypes; Panzos, Guatemala; Institut fiir Pflanzenschutzforschung Kleinmachnow). New synonymy The female syntypes of opacithorax Schedl have the eyes slightly more narrowly spaced and the elytral vestiture stouter than do the types of scaber Erichson. The spacing of the eyes varies throughout the range of this species. The elytral vestiture becomes longer and stouter over a gradual cline from northern South America to southern Mexico, although there is considerable variation within series; and the elytral crenulations also become narrower, more numerous, and confused over the same cline. While Brazilian and Guatemalan specimens may be rather strikingly different, intergradation is such that distinctive races cannot be separated. Phloeosinus serratus (LeConte) Hylesinus serratus LeConte, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 2:170 (Holotype, male; Middle States; Mus. Comp. Zool.). Phloeosinus rugosus Swaine, 1917, Dom. Canada Dept. Agric. Ent. Br. Tech. Bull. 14(1 ):9 (Lectotype, female; Scaffold Meadow, Sequoia N.F., California; Canadian Nat. Coll., 9259, designated by Bright, 1967, Canadian Ent. 99:677). New synonymy The female lectotype of rugosus Swaine lacks tubercles on de- clivital interstriae 2; it is also rather small (2.6 mm). The two fe- male paratypes in the Canadian National Collection both have tubercles on declivital interstriae 2. It is clearly evident that all three specimens fall within the range of variation of serratus (LeConte); consequently, rugosus must be placed in synonymy under the older name. Phloeotribus setulosus Eichhoff Phloeotribus setulosus Eichhoff, 1868. Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 12:149 (Lectotype, male; Colombia; Brussels Mus., designated by Wood, 1973, Great Basin Nat. 33:182). Phloeetribus rudis Eichhoff, 1868, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 12:149 (Syntypes?: male; Brazil; lost with Hamburg Mus.?). New synonymy Phloeotribus sodalis Blandford, 1897, Biol. Centr. Amer.. Coleopt. 4(6): 168 (Lectotype, male; Cerro Zunil, Guatemala; British Mus. Nat. Hist., present designation) . New synonymy Phloeotribus bolivianus Eggers, 1933, Trav. Lab. d'Ent. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, Mem. 1:5 (Holotype, male; Cochabamba, Bolivia; U.S. Nat. Mus.). New synonymy The holotypes of setulosus Eichhoff and bolivianus Eggers, the lectotype of sodalis Blandford, and two specimens of rudis Eichhoff that were identified b}- Eichhoff and deposited in the Chapuis collec- tion were all compared directly to series of this species in my collec- tion and were found to represent one species. The two specimens of rudis probably are unmarked syntypes and evidently represent the only reasonably authentic representatives of rudis in existence. The first specimen in Blandford's series, a male from Cerro Zunil, is here designated as the lectotype of sodalis Blandford. This specimen was previously labeled as the type, but it was never so designated. Dec. 1974 wood: American scolytidae 287 Pycnarthrum reticulatum Schedl Pycnarthrum reticulatus Schedl. 1940, An. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol., Me.xico 1:355 (Lectotype, female; Tonala. Chiapas, Mexico; Schedl Coll., present desig- nation). Pycnarthrum fici Wood. 1971. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 15(3): 11 (Holotype, male; 5 km W El Pino, Merida, Venezuela; Wood Coll.). New synonymy A female of reticulatus [sic] Schedl in the Schedl collection, from Tonala, Chiapas, has been labeled as the "Type" of this species by its author, although it has never been so designated. I here desig- nate that female as the lectotype of reticulatus. This lectotype was compared directly to the holotype of fici Wood. Only one species is represented by this material. Scolytodes rugicollis (Schedl), n. comb. Hexacolus rugicollis Schedl, 1940, Arb. Morph. Taxon. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem 7:205 (Lectotype, female; Hamburgfarm on Rio Reventazon, Limon, Costa Rica; Schedl Coll., present designation). Scolytodes plicatus Wood, 1969, Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 10 (2): 21 (Holotype, female; 25 km SE Guapiles, Limon, Costa Rica; Wood Coll.). New synonymy Schedl named Hexacolus rugicollis from a syntypic male and a female mounted together on the same microcard. In the original description the sexes were reversed. I designate the female synt5'pe, marked on the microcard by a male symbol, as the lectotype of Schedl's species. This lectotype was compared directly to the holo- type of Scolytodes plicatus Wood and was found to represent the same species. Xylosandrus morigerus (Blandford) Xylehorus morigerus Blandford. 1894, Insect Life 6:264 (Syntypes; intercepted in England from Dendrobium orchids imported from New Guinea; British Mus. Nat. Hist.). Xyleborus luzonicus Eggers, 1923, Zool. Meded. 7:174 (Lectotype, female; Mt. Makiling, Insel Luzon, Philippinen; U.S. Nat. Mus.; designated by Anderson and Anderson, 1971, Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. 94:18). New synonymy Six syntypes of morigerus (Blandford) were compared directly to my specimens; these were later compared directly to the lectotype of luzonicus Eggers. Only one species is represented by this material. Araptus sobrinus, n. sp. This species is distinguished from schwarzi (Blackman) by the weakly convex, more sparsely punctured female frons, by the dif- ferent elytral vestiture, and by the more deeply, more broadly sul- cate declivity. Female. — Length 2.3 mm (i)aratyj:)es 1.9-2.3 mm), 2.5 times as long as wifle; color reddish brown. Frons weakly convex; surface almost smooth, punctures fine, moderately abundant; vestiture of fine, short, moderately abundant 288 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 hair; frons about as in male schwarzi except for epistomal area. Pronotuni about as in schwarzi, except disc with more numerous impressed points and punctures slightly larger and more nearly circular (punctures in schwarzi oval to crescent-shaped) . Elytra as in schwarzi except with abundant impressed points (usually absent in schwarzi)^ declivity more deeply, more broadly impressed, and vestiture greatly reduced. Strial setae entirely absent, interstrial setae rare on disc, sparse on declivity except at sides. (In schwarzi interstrial rows of erect setae usually extend to elytral base and small strial hairs occur on disc and declivity.) Male. — Similar to female, except frons more strongly convex above, slightly impressed on lower half; epistoma broadly, shallowly emarginate about as in male schwarzi. Type Locality. — Siguatepec, Honduras. Type Material. — The female holotype, male allotype, and 10 para types were taken at the type locality on 25-V-1972, in rust cones on Pinus oocarpa^ by R. Billings. The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are in my collection. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins This species was placed in synonymy (Wood, 1963, Great Basin Nat. 23:41) under Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, because series of this species from the southwestern United States could not be distinguished from variable series from Honduras. When it was recently noticed that two separate emergences took place in Hon- duras from the same logs, it became apparent that two distinct bio- logical species occur in Honduras and that both were responsible for the epidemic of 1964. Once this event was apparent, and pure sam- ples from each emergence were studied, the variable Honduras ma- terial was easily sorted into two groups, one having poorly developed to obsolete interstrial crenulations (frontalis) and a slightly larger, darker form with moderate to rather coarse interstrial crenulations. The former, frontalis, tends to occur at low elevations, less than 700 m, the latter at elevations above 700 m. Thev may occur in the same trees in the area of altitudinal overlap. The latter form appears to be of the same species as occurs throughout Mexico; consequently, the name mexicanus is removed from synonymy to designate it. Speci- mens from Arizona and New Mexico appear to be intermediate but are tentatively grouped with frontalis. Ultimately it may be neces- sary to reduce mexicanus to subspecific rank, due to intergradation in the northern area, even though the two populations behave as valid species in Honduras. In 1970 I received specimens of an additional Guatemalan species in the frontalis complex, from E. W. Clark. Since then Dr. .1. P. Vite and his associates have investigated Mexican and Central American Dendroctonus more thoroughly. Their results are being published elsewhere. It appears that mexicanus originally extended Dec. 1974 wood: American scolytidae 289 only as far south as Chiapas and was replaced in (juatemala b}- intei, described below. Both mcxicanus and frontalis appear to have been introduced into Honduras at a conii)aratively recent date, where they jointly caused ei)idt^niic losses of pine a decade ago. Apparently neither species has penetrated the range of vitei. Dendroctonus vitei, n. sp. This species is distinguished from me.ricanus Hopkins by the slightly larger average size, by the much darker color, and by other differences cited below. The most reliable characters for distinguish- ing it are the pronotal granulation, the declivital characters, the frons, and the seminal rod. Male. — Length 3.4 mm (paratypes 2.6-4.1 mm) (exclusive of head), 2.2 times as long as wide; color almost black. Frons similar to mcxicanus, except epistomal process wider (67 percent of epistomal width, 58 percent in mexicanus) , its lateral arms much more strongly elevated; area from epistomal process to lateral summits on frons more strongly, more broadly impressed (often subconcave), more finely sculptured; largest tubercles at and near lateral summits less numerous, smaller than in mcxicanus. Pronotum similar to that of mcxicanus, except punctures averag- ing much smaller, closer, interspaces averaging less than half diameter of a puncture; interspaces over most of surface minutely granular, subshining, smooth shining areas usually restricted to less than one-fifth of total surface (in mcxicanus interspaces average more than half diameter of a puncture, their surface smooth, brightly shining over almost entire surface, granulation rare and restricted; small tubercles sometimes occur in lateral areas). Vestiture more uniformly distributed, slightly coarser and longer than in mcxicanus. Elytra similar to those of mcxicanus. except discal striae less strongly impressed, punctures averaging smaller, obscurely impressed to obsolete in most specimens (larger and rather distinctly impressed in most specimens of mcxicanus) ; interstrial crenulations narrower, lower, more numerous, rarely as much as one-third width of an inter- striae (in mcxicanus about one-third of crenulations at least half as wide as an interstriae, a few extend entire width of an inter- striae). Declivity with striae feebly if at all impressed, punctures usually obsolete (striae and pimctures rather strongly imjirossed in mcxicanus): interstriae feebly if at all convex, crenulations less numerous and much smaller than in mcxicanus. Vestiture slightly more abundant and coarser than in mcxicanus. particularly at sides. Female. — Similar to male, except epistomal process narrower, not as high, frontal summits more poorlv developed, usually not tuberculate; pronotal callus more poorly developed than in female mexicanus. Type Locality. — Patzun. Guatemala. Type Material. — The male holotype. female allotvpo. and 26 paratypes were collected at the type locality on 19-IX-1974. from 290 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 4 Pinus tenuifoUa, by J. P. Vite. Two hundred and sixty paratvpes all with their abdomens dissected bear the same data except they were taken 22-V-1974; 50 paratvpes are from the same locality taken 9-X-1974 from "P. maxirninoi" by R. Liihl. Ten parat^'pes are from the same locality, taken on 12-III-1974, and four paratypes are from the same locality, taken on 14-X-1973, by .1. P. Vite fall dis- sected). Three paratypes are from Puente Tzantzir, Sololn. Guate- mala, 2-II-1972, from Pinus mnntezuma, by E. W. Clark. Vite and his associates are studying the biology and liehavior of the frontalis complex and adding significant information about these species (Vite, Islas, Renwdck, Hughes, and Kliefoth, 1974. Zeit. Angew. Ent. 75:422-435). Thev will report additional biological and biochemical characters of this species. Their illustration of the male seminal rod (Fig. 2E on p. 426) is significant. In June 1974 it was discovered that both Vite and I had inde- pendently prepared a description of this species. He kindly con- sented to withdraw his manuscript. This species is named in recog- nition of his numerous contributions to our understanding of these important insects and for the independent discovery of this species.