86 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
iii, p, 195). Without going into the homology of the parts 
in the Culicines and Deinoceratines at the moment, as I will 
deal with them later, it is obvious that the parts called har- 
pagones in Mansonia really correspond with the basal lobes 
of Culiseta and others. Therefore the table, beginning with 
dichotomy 5, can be amended as follows, bringing in the 
relationship of the New World and Old World divisions of 
A'edes as here defined: 
5. Harpagones present 6 
Harpagones absent 8 
6. Apical appendages of harpagones multiple Psorophora 
These appendages single 7 
7. A fringe of broad scales on inner edge of side piece. . .Haetna go gus 
No such fringe present A'edes (New World stock) 
8. Side pieces without a conical basal lobe, open within, 
Acdes (Old World stock) 
Side pieces with such a lobe 9 
9. Basal lobe with a single terminal rod, often situated at the end of 
a process Mansonia 
Basal lobe conical, with several terminal setae Megarhinus, 
Orthopodomyia, Culiseta, Culicella, Climacura 
A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF 
CULEX ON THE MALE GENITALIA 
(Diptera, Culicidce) 
By HARRISON G. DYAR 
On a previous page I gave some notes on the relationship 
of the species of A'edes as shown by the male genitalia. In a 
review of the other genera with the object of ascertaining 
the origin of Culex, it appears that the Anopheles are very 
distinct. In these the sedoeagus is present, simple or with a 
crown of spines or flattened appendages, and there are no 
basal chitinous organs whatever. The side pieces are slightly 
modified, bearing certain stout spines or with small basal lobes ; 
but we find no homology with Culex and must leave the Ano- 
pheles aside. In Aedeomyia, the sedoeagus has disappeared, 
and there is a basal chitinous structure, composed of paired 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 87 
rods, topped by a single piece. This has been called the uncus, 
which name we will retain. In the middle of the side piece 
is a slight lobe, bearing about five stout spines crowded to- 
gether, situated at the apex of a basal hollow in which the 
uncus rests. In Uranotccnia the next step is seen. A second 
basal organ is present, paired and opposed to the unci, which 
have now lost the single terminal piece and appear as paired 
organs. The new organs have been called the harpes ; but they 
are not homologous with those of Culex and others ; Urano- 
tccnia is clearly a side line. We mention the harpes here to 
show the early stage of a second basal organ. Culiseta is more 
directly in the line we are following. Here the unci form a 
basal cylinder or cone, composed of paired parts, but wrapped 
into a single organ by the revolute margins. True harpes are 
present in Culiseta, but they are more or less modified. A 
simpler condition is found in Megarhinus. Here the organs 
are elliptical, concave, more heavily chitinized on one side, the 
tip dentate. The side pieces have the basal area pouch-like, 
hollowed to receive the basal organs, the tip of the pouch 
forming a slight lobe with a group of three stout hairs. From 
this point Orthopodomyia and Mansonia originated ; but they 
do not lie in the direct line of Culex, one being a generalized 
form parallel to Culiseta, the other an ofifshoot. Climacura 
falls here, the genitalia having the unci undivided. It is inter- 
esting, however, as the larva has become practically a true 
Culex. In Cnlicella, the unci have begun to divide, the harpes 
remaining as in Culiseta. The larvae of Culicella have not at- 
tained the Culex ty-po^, but are still much as in Culiseta. The 
next link in the chain is shown in Jamesia, an Old World 
group in which the larvse are predacious and, therefore, spe- 
cially modified. The harpes have assumed the Culex type, 
with a crown of spines, and with this the genus Culex may 
be said properly to begin. Lutsia goes a step farther, the sec- 
ond plate of the unci being toothed, whereas it is perfectly 
simple in Jamesia. The side pieces have a process at the apex 
of the basal hollow, carrying three stout spines ; the harpes 
have a crown of spines and a curved basal arm and the unci 
are divided into two plates. 
88 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
The following tables separate first the genera of the tribe 
Culicini, then the subgenera of Culex and lastly the species 
of Culex as far as the American species are known to me 
in the male genitalia. 
It! the monograph^ the parts called the "harpagones" (vol. 
iii, p. 224, dichotomy, 3 et seq.) are here identified as unci. I 
reserve the name harpagones for the structures so denominated 
in Aides. I have omitted dyari and melanurus, commonly 
classed in Culex, as I have separated them generically under 
the headings Culicella and Climacura respectively. 
It may be remarked that the tribe Sabethini are not dis- 
tinguishable from the Culicini on genitalic characters (com- 
pare the monograph, vol. iii, p. 21, 1915). The lowest mem- 
bers, Joblotia and Lesticocampa, have genitalia essentially as 
in Megarhinus and Orfhopodomyia, the unci only being some- 
what modified. In the higher genera, the primitive condition 
of the basal parts remains ; but the side pieces and clasp-fila- 
ments are greatly modified, the hollow basal lobes of the 
former having entirely disappeared. The two series are quite 
distinctly separated by their mode of evolution. 
Table of Genera of the Tribe Culicini 
1. .i^doeagus present ; basal membrane long, conical, divided ; no 
basal chitinized appendages Anopheles " 
^doeagus absent ; basal membrane slight ; basal chitinized organs 
present 2 
2. Unci only present, undivided, capitate Acdeomyia 
Unci and harpes present, in two pairs 3 
3. Unci separated, hooked ; harpes slender, columnar, opposed to the 
unci Uranotcenia 
Unci columnar or divided ; harpes broad, concave, the tips toothed 
or spinose, parallel to the unci 4 
4. Side piece vv^ith a hollow basal lobe tipped by stout setae, modified 
in the higher forms, but the tip persisting as an appendage of 
the side piece, bearing spines, etc 6 
Side piece without a hollow basal lobe, devoid of lobes, except in 
the higher forms, where lobes appear secondarily, but not 
hollow • 5 
'Howard, Dyar and Knab, The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and 
the West Indies, iii, 1913. 
' Coelodiazesis is not distinguishable. 
fr 
INSECUTOR INSCITI.T]; MHNSTRUUS 89 
5. Adjacent basal lobe, if present, small and setose, never produced 
with a single terminal spine A'cdes (Old World stock) 
Adjacent hasal lobe developed into an harpago, 
A'edes (New World stock)' 
6. Unci undivided 7 
Unci divided into two or more outwardly directed plates U 
7. Basal lobe conical with several terminal setae 8 
Basal lobe with a single stout rod, often produced Mansoniar 
8. Harpes very long, prominent; unci long, pointed Mcgarhimis 
Harpes and unci moderate 9 
9. Unci membranous, paired, with an outwardly directed basal 
chitinization CHmacura 
Unci cylindrical, chitinized, revolute 10 
10. Harpes normal, concave, with thickened margins and dentate tip, 
Orthopodomyia 
Harpes modified, narrow, recurved, prominent Culiseta" 
11. Harpes few-toothed Culicella 
Harpes with a crown of spines Culex 
The genus Culex divides into two main sections on the 
genitaHc characters. In the first, Culex proper, the harpes are 
tufted at tip with numerous spines, and have a longer or 
shorter hasal arm. The unci form three parts, later four by 
subdivision of the original second plate. The first plate is 
generally triangular and heavily chitinized, having a socket 
near the middle into which a ligament locks that serves to 
open the plates. This structure is first noticeable in Culicella 
dyari (PI. Ill, fig. 2) where it is rather imperfectly developed. 
The development in Culex (Jamcsia) concolor (PI. Ill', fig. 3) 
is not much better. In Lutsia bigoti (PI. IV, fig. 6), the struc- 
ture has improved and it can be seen fully developed in any of 
the true Culex, as in the case of Culex (Culex) declarator 
(PI. Ill, fig. -t). In Transculicia, the plate is thickened and 
laminate (PI. IV, fig. 12). The second plate is seen in mem- 
branous form in Culicella dyari (PI. Ill, fig. 2) ; in Jamesia it 
has become chitinized (PI. Ill, fig. 3) ; in Lutzia, toothed 
(PI. IV, fig. T)). This condition in intensified in the true Culex 
' Including Haemagogus and Psorophora. 
^ = Taeniorhynchtis Arribalzaga according to intention and description, but 
not according to designation of type. 
• = Theobaldia Neveu-Lemaire, preoccupied by Theo'baldins Nevill. 
90 INSECUTOR INSClTl.Tv MI'NSTRUUS 
and then again disappears (PI. Ill, fig. 5; PI. IV, figs. 7-11). 
The third plate arises as a tooth on the second, as in Culex 
stenolepis (PI. IV, fig. 7). This tooth enlarges, as in Culex 
coronator (PI. IV, fig. 8), becomes basal, as in Culelx factor 
(PI. IV, fig. 9), separates as in Culex declarator (PI. Ill, 
fig. 5), and finally becomes quite detached as in Culex quinque- 
fasciatus (PL IV, fig. 11). The fourth plate is small and 
often hard to find, possibly absent. It occurs in the form of 
a pair of rods protecting the anus (PI. Ill, fig. 1; PI. IV, 
fig. 12). 
The lobe of the side piece bears primitively three setse. To 
these certain others are added and finally the lobe becomes 
subdivided, but only slightly modified. In one form, Pha- 
langomyia, there is a modification of the side pieces, which, 
though striking, is not fundamental, as the three primitive 
setae can be easily traced (PI. Ill, fig. 1). 
The second general group, Melanoconion, is much more 
modified. The harpes have the tip comb-shaped, the spines 
in a single row, the basal arm represented by a rounded process 
or absent. The divisions of the unci are complex, and I' am 
not sure of their homology. The difificulty of the study is 
increased by the fact that clear mounts are not always to be 
had of critical species of which the material may be scanty. 
Apparently there are primitively four plates as in Culex (Tin- 
olestes) latisquama (PI. IV, fig. 14) and Culex (Micraedes) 
chalcocorystcs (PI. IV, fig. ]•")). The first is a large outer 
sheathing plate, shown disjointed from its socket in the figure; 
the second a spatulate structure ; the third large and furcate ; 
the fourth rod-like with modified tip. In Deinocerites, the 
outer plate seems to be gone, the second elongated (PI.. IV, 
fig. 13). In the higher forms, the fourth plate seems to have 
disappeared, while the second assumes the form of a long 
hook, recurved around the other parts, as for example in 
Culex (Micraedes) bisulcatus (PI. IV, fig. 16) and Culex 
(Chccroporpa) educator (PI. IV, fig. 17). 
The lobe of the side piece in Melanocomon begins simply, 
but becomes complex and sul^divided in the higher groups, 
notably in Choeroporpa and Carrollia. 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 91 
The four main groups of Cidcx separate as follows : 
1. Harpes tufted, the basal process, when present, arm-Hke ; first uncal 
plate with an opening ligament 2 
Harpes comb-shaped, the basal process not arm-like ; first uncal 
plate jointed in a socket or absent 3 
2. Side piece essentially unmodified Culex 
Side piece excavated, with false jointed arms Phalangomyia 
3. First uncal plate absent, the second produced and spatulate, 
Ddinocerites 
First uncal plate present, forming an outer sht&th. . . .Melanoconion 
In more detail, with the characters shifted a little in order 
to be more easily followed, the subgenera separate as below. 
In the following separation of species, it has been my aim 
to recognize only such species as differ appreciably in the 
genitalia and I have accordingly united all those with similar 
genitalia unless they showed appreciable differences in adult 
coloration or larval structure. In some instances I may have 
united really distinct species, owing to the fact that differences 
in larvae or habits were unknown to me. But even allowing 
for this, there remains a very considerable change from the 
account given in the monograph in the direction of the reduc- 
tion in the number of species to be recognized. In the mono- 
graph, we relied on the coloration of the adults and larval 
differences, and we carried out this scheme consistently, at 
the same time overdoing it a little. The study of the genitalia 
has led me to make comparisons where we had not suspected 
that comparisons should be made, and has resulted in the cor- 
rection of certain errors of observation. When these cor- 
rections have been made and a little more latitude is allowed 
for variation in adult coloration, the account in the monograph 
will not diff'er greatly from that here set forth. The errors 
in that work all lie in the direction of too great subdivision of 
species and are therefore most easily to be corrected. It is 
perhaps unfortunate that a more intensive study of the male 
genitalia of Culex could not have been undertaken before that 
volume of the monograph went to press ; but multiplicity of 
duties at the time rendered it impossible. 
92 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
Tabi^e of Subgenera of the Genus CutEx 
1. Lobe of side piece with three stout setae or appendages, neither 
more nor less (not counting a few unmodified setae from the 
general vestiture) 2 
Lobe of side piece with more or less than three appendages, or 
otherwise modified 6 
2. Appendages of side piece setaform or rod-like • 3 
These appendages shortened and modified 4 
3. Unci of two unmodified plates Jamesia 
Second plate of unci toothed Lutsia 
4. Central rod mushroom-shaped ; marginal ones very stout, 
Tinolestes 
Appendages in a triangle, the upper two blade-like, the lower 
spine-like 5 
5. Harpes spinose with basal arm Transculicia 
Harpes comb-shaped, without basal arm Deivocerites 
6. Harpes tufted 7 
Harpes comb-shaped 10 
7. Lobe of side piece divided into a triangular setose portion with a 
separate articulation, two setae on a lobe and a club-shaped 
appendage beyond Phalangomyia 
This lobe not so formed 8 
8. Lobe of side piece with more than three appendages 9 
Lobe of side piece with less than three appendages Cacoculex 
9. Plates 3 and 3 of unci absent, 1 and 4 present Neoculex 
Plate 2 of unci present Culex 
10. Fourth plate of the unci quadrately angled, ending in a retrose 
tooth Microculex 
Fourth plate of unci without a retrose tooth 11 
11. Basal division of lobe of side piece a long arm bearing terminal 
setae or leaves Carrollia 
This part divided or, if single, not a long arm 12 
12. Clasp filament simple, the spine appendiculate 13 
Clasp filament modified 14 
13. Outer division of lobe of side piece with six or more stout 
setae Micraedes 
This part not so formed Melanoconion 
14. Clasp filament not swollen at tip Isostomyia 
Clasp filament swollen at tip 15 
15. Clasp filament elongated, with snout-like termination ... C/na?ro/>or/'o 
This part bluntly rounded with subspherical tip Mnchlostyrax 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 
Plate III 
Fig. 1. Genitalia of Culcx {Phalangoiiiyia) dcbilis Dyar and Knal). 
Fig. 2. Ciilicclla dyari Coq., uncal plates 1 and 2. 
Fig. :>. Cith'.v (Jaiiirsia) coiicclor Desv., imcal plates 1 and 2. 
Fig. 4. Culcx {Ciilcx) declarator Dyar and Knab, imcal plate 1. 
Fig. .). The .same, uncal plates 2 and 3. 
> 
Plate IV 
Fig 
Fig 
Fig 
Fig 
Fisj 
<i. Culcx (Lntcia) bigoti Bell., uncal plates 1 and 2/ 
7. Culcx (Culcx) stciiolcpis Dyar and Knab, uncal plates 2 and 3. 
8. Culcx (Culcx) carouator Dyar and Knab, uncal plates 2 and 3. 
0. Culcx (Culcx) factor Dyar and Knab, uncal plates 2 and 3. 
10. Culcx (Culcx) interrogator Dyar and Knab, uncal plates 2 
and 3. 
Fig. 11. Culcx (Culcx) (luiiKiucfasciatus S'dy, uncal plates 2 and 3. 
Fig. 12. Culcx (Transculicia) clcuthcra Dyar, harpes and unci. 
Fig. 13. Culcx (Dciiioccritcs) spanius Dyar and Knab, harpes and unci. 
Fig. 14. Culcx (Tiiiolcstcs) latisquaiiia Coq.. harpes and unci. 
Fig. 1."). Culcx (Micracdcs) chalcocorystcs Mart., harpes and unci, 
b'ig. 1(). Culcx (Micracdcs) hisulcatus Coq., harpes and unci. 
h'i.'j. IT. Culcx (Chocroporpa) educator Dyar and Knab, harpes and 
unci. 
INSECUTOR INSCITIAE MENSTRUUS, VOL. VI. NOS. 4-6 
GENITALIA OF CULEX 
INSECUTOR INSCITIAE MENSTRUUS, VOL. VI, NOS. 4-6 
GENITALIA OF CULEX 
OCR text unavailable for this page.INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 93 
Genus CULEX Linnaeus 
Subgenus JAMESIA Christophers 
Jamesia Christ, Sci. Mem. Med. Ind., n.s., No. 25, 12, 1906. 
There are no American species in this subgenus, which was 
proposed for Ciilex tigripes Grandpre and C. concolor Robineau- 
Desvoidy of India. 
Subgenus LUTZIA Theobald 
Liitzia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii. 155, 190.S. 
Tablr of Spkcies 
1. Tooth on basal section of second plate of unci short and blunt, 
bigoti 
This tooth long and sharp allostigma 
1. Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi. 
Lutsia bigoti Howard, Dyar and Knah, Monogr., iii, 468, 1915. 
2. Culex (Lutzia) allostigma Howard, Dyar and Knab. 
Lutzia allostigma Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 471, 1915. 
Subgenus PHALANGOMYIA Dyar and Knab 
Phalangomyia Dyar and Knah, Ins. Ins. Mens., ii, 58, 1914. 
3. Culex (Phalangomyia) debilis Dyar and Knab. 
Phalangomyia debilis Dyar and Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., ii, 58, 1914. 
The side pieces are peculiarly and highly evolved (PI. Ill, 
fig. 1), but the basal parts are of a simple Culex type, much 
as in Lutzia. In the figure, the first uncal plates are shown 
thrown back, exposing the second and fourth plates; no trace 
of the third plate has developed. 
Subgenus CULEX Linnaeus 
Culex Linnaeus. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 602. 1758. 
Table of Species 
1. Lobe of side piece entire 2 
Lobe of side piece divided 12 
2. Lobe of side piece with three rods, a leaf and a seta 3 
Lobe of side piece with additional appendages 4 
94 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
3. Second plate of unci with the tooth arising from the base ; a radiat- 
ing pecten in the angle .inflictus, factor 
This plate with the tooth arising in the middle; no pecten at the 
angle stenolepis 
4. Lobe of side piece with three rods, a seta or filament, a leaf and 
a seta 5 
This part with additional appendages 9 
5. Second plate of unci with two broad arms and a central mass of 
close denticles corniger 
This plate not so formed 6 
6. Second plate of unci with two long arms with a number of teeth 
between ; a long tooth from basal part 7 
This plate not so formed 8 
7. Upper limb of second plate of unci denticulate, 
tarsalis, stigniatosoma, eumimetes 
This limb entire erythrothorax, salinarius, janitor, secutor 
This limb with a double clasp on a pedicle mollis, equivocator 
8. Second plate of unci of three large teeth declarator 
This plate quadrate, denticulate on upper half interrogator 
This plate of two blunt teeth restuans 
9. Lobe of side piece with five rods, a leaf and a seta reflector 
This lobe with three rods, two setae, a filament, a leaf and a 
seta 10 
10. Second plate of unci toothed as in stenolepis pinarocampa 
This plate not toothed 11 
11. Fourth plate of unci upright, pointed quinqucfasciatus 
This plate oblique and tubular pipiens 
12. Lobe of side piece without a leaf-like appendage 13 
A leaf present on a separate piece 1.5 
13. Harpes weak with basal recurved branch 14 
Basal branch obsolete duplicator 
14. Lower part of lobe of side piece with three rods coronator 
This part with 8 to 13 setae ousqua 
15. Second plate of unci with two arms and group of small teeth be- 
tween ; third plate a stout tooth sphinx 
This plate without arms; third plate distinct and hr o?l6.. .extricator 
4. Culex (Culex) inflictus Theobald. 
Culex inflictus Theobald. Mon. Culic, ii, 115, 1901. 
Culex scholasticus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 120, 1901. 
Culex vticrosquamosits Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 407, 1905. 
Culex prasiiwplcuriis Martini, Ins. Ins. Mens., ii, 68, 1914. 
var. carmodyae Dyar and Knab. 
Culex carmodycc Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 
210, 1906. 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 95 
var. palus Theobald. 
Culex palus Theobald, Mon. Cnlic, iii. 194, 1903. 
Ciilcx similis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 207, 1903. 
Culc.v regulator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 
213, 1906. 
C. inflicfus has the abdomen without bands ; in palus narrow 
basal segmental bands are present ; in carmodyce there are 
very faint brown rings at both ends of the tarsal joints. This 
variety seems confined to Santo Domingo, although not all the 
specimens from there are so affected. The larva of micro- 
sqitamosiis is really spiculate and not glabrous, as given in 
the monograph by error ; the proboscis also is not swollen at 
the tip. In the larva of carmodycc there were probably four 
hair-tufts on the tube, one having been detached and not three 
as given in the monograph. They agree entirely otherwise. 
5. Culex (Culex) factor Dyar and Knab. 
Culex factor Dyar and Knab, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 212, 1906. 
Culex aikenii Dyar and Knab (larvae only), Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., XXXV, 61, 1908 (not Gnophodcomyia aikenii Aiken). 
Culex proximus Dyar and Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, 38, 
1909. 
Culex lachrimaiis Dyar and Knab (in part). Smiths. Misc. Colls., 
quart, iss., Hi, 2.59, 1009. 
The genitalia are not distinguishable from inflictus; but the 
adult female has basal abdominal bands not widened at the 
sides, although they may be absent. The larva has the air tube 
a little shorter than in inflictus: the third pair of head hairs 
are more approximate. In proximus the skin of the larva is 
really spicular, not glabrous as erroneously stated in the mono- 
graph. 
6. Culex (Culex) stenolepis Dyar and Knab. 
Culex stenolepis Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 249, 
1915. 
7. Culex (Culex) pinarocampa Dyar and Knab. 
Culex pinarocampa Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 351, 
1915. 
96 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
8. Culcx (Culex) corniger Theobald. 
Culex corniger Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 240, 1915. 
The genus Trichopronomyia Theobald is available for this 
species, but, although it is unique, I do not think the distinctions 
are strong enough for a subgeneric separation. 
9. Culex (Culex) tarsalis Coquillett. 
Culex tarsalis Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 230, 1915. 
10. Culex (Culex) stigmatosoma Dyar. 
Culex stigmatosoma Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 236, 
1915. 
11. Culex (Culex) eumimetes Dyar and Knab. 
Culex eumimetes Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 238, 1915. 
The genitalia agree with tarsalis while the adult is colored 
like stigmatosoma, though there is nothing very decisive about 
this as the difference between tarsalis and stigmatosoma is 
slight, consisting only in the difference in the number of teeth 
on the second uncal plate, which varies. Probably eumimetes 
is the same as stigmatosoma; the larval differences on which 
the species was founded and which we repeat in the mono- 
graph with distinctly less emphasis do not exist. 
It will be noted that duplicator, which falls here on color- 
ation, is entirely unrelated on genitalic characters, thus con- 
firming the value of the different wing-scaling. 
12. Culex (Culex) erythrothorax Dyar. 
Culex erythrothorax Howard. Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 315, 
1915. 
13. Culex (Culex) salinarius Coquillett. 
Culex salinarius Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 373, 1915. 
14. Culex (Culex) janitor Theobald. 
Culcx janitor Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 25S, 1915. 
The larvae differ from allied species in having the antennae 
without the "notch," agreeing in this with restuans. 
'J 
I 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 97 
15. Culex (Culex) secutor Theobald. 
Culex secutor Theobald, Mon. Culic. ii, 321, 1901. 
Culex lamentator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 
219, 1906. 
Culex tozveri Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 13, 
1907. 
The three names were given to specimens from Jamaica, 
Santo Domingo, and Porto Rico, respectively, but I think only 
one species is represented, doubtless occurring in Cuba also. 
The larva has the tufts of the air tube crowded back along 
the ventral line as in tarsalis, the normal symmetry being 
thereby destroyed. , 
16. Culex (Culex) mollis Dyar and Knab. 
Culex mollis Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 267, 1915. 
Hardly distinguishable from equivocator ; but the adult 
female has basal abdominal white bands, which are absent 
in tlie other species. The specimens are from Trinidad. 
17. Culex (Culex) equivocator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex equivocator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 
203, 1907. 
Culex elocutilis Dyar and Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. 
iss., Hi, 255, 1909. 
Described from Panama. Specimens are before me extending 
the range to British Guiana (H. W. B. Moore). 
18. Culex (Culex) declarator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex declarator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 
211, 1906. 
Culex jubilator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 
201, 1907. 
Culex vindicator Dyar and Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. 
iss.. Hi, 255, 1909. 
Culex dictator Dyar and Knab, Smiths. Misc Colls., quart, iss., 
Hi, 255, 1909. 
var. proclamator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex proclamator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 
211, 1906. 
98 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
Culex inquisitor Dyar and Kiiab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiV, 
211, 1906. 
Culex revelator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 
202, 1907. 
The adult female has the abdomen with basal segmental 
white spots, sometimes extended as dull whitish bands; but 
the central spot whiter or produced. In the male there are 
even white bands. The genitalia have a peculiar second uncal 
plate, consisting of three stout claws from a circular base. 
The larva has the head hairs in threes or four-three, the skin 
spicular, the air-tube with three tufts, the middle one moved 
out of line ; pecten commonly long, but not uniformly so. 
In our original descriptions of declarator, proclamator and 
inquisitor, from larvae, three lengths of the air-tube pecten are 
shown ; but these characters become less distinct the more 
specimens are examined. Nevertheless, two races seem indi- 
cated. In declarator proper, the pecten is short, the teeth about 
4x1 and about 14 in number. It occurs from Trinidad to 
Panama, including the Lesser Antilles, specifically Dominica 
and St. Thomas. In proclamator the pecten is longer, the teeth 
5 X 1 or over and 18 to 20 in number. It occurs from Mexico 
to Panama, and the two forms may coalesce in the latter 
region. 
The exact position of the hair tufts on the air tube seems 
to be unreliable. The character found in the adult of the 
white tip of the last tarsal joint being present or absent seems 
to be variable. The banding of the abdomen as given in the 
monograph, I do not verify on reexamination. 
19. Culex (Culex) interrogator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex interrogator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 417, 
1915. 
Quite erroneously placed in the monograph in the Melano- 
conion group. The proboscis should not have been taken as 
"swollen at the tip," or, if so, then the character is worthless, 
for this is a true Culex. 
20. Culex (Culex) restuans Theobald. 
Culex restuans Howard. Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, ?,'^?>, 1915. 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 99 
21. Culex (Culex) reflector Dyar and Knab. 
Culex reflector Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 419, 1915. 
The same remark applies as for interrogator. 
'22. Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say 
Culex quinquefasciatus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 
345, 1915. 
Culex revocator Dyar and Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. 
iss., Hi, 356, 1909. 
Culex aseyehce Dyar and Knab, Ins. Insc. Mens., iii, 112, 1915. 
The genitaha furnish no characters for considering revo- 
cator as a distinct species pecuHar to Jamaica. 
23. Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus. 
Culex pipiens HoAvard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 360, 1915. 
Culex flavipes Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i, part 1, 35, 1838. 
Culex flavipes Brethes, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A., xxviii. 
210, 1916. 
There seems now no doubt that pipiens is more widely dis- 
tributed than given by us in the monograph. Not only does 
it occur in California, as shown by Mr. Knab and myself (Ins. 
Ins. Mens., v, 178, 1917), but the excellent figures recently pub- 
lished by Juan Brethes show that it is widespread in Chile and 
Argentina, under the name Culex flavipes. The name flavipes 
must therefore be hereafter cited in the synonymy of pipiens 
instead of quinquefasciatus, as in the monograph (vol. iii, 
p. 345. 1915). 
24. Culex (Culex) coronator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex coronator Howard, Dyar and Knab. Monog., iii, 286, 1915. 
25. Culex (Culex) ousqua, new species. 
Male genitalia. Lobe of side piece divided, the inner por- 
tion large and conical, bearing 10 to 13 hairs, no spines being 
distinguishable ; outer portion small, distinct, bearing about 
five hairs. Otherwise as in coronator, the second plate of 
unci commonly with fewer teeth, four to seven. 
The male adult has faint white rings at both ends of the 
tarsal joints, the last hind tarsal white ; abdomen with white 
basal segmental bands, mesially produced, as in coronator. 
100 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
Type, male, No. 31602, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; Panama (Busck 
181.1). Also Canal Zone, Panama (Jennings 52) and Culebra, 
Canal Zone, Panama (L. H. Dunn, C-77). 
The larva has several spines on one side of the air tube sub- 
apically. 
26. Culex (Culex) duplicator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex duplicator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 235, 1915. 
27. Culex (Culex) extricator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex extricator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 325, 1915. 
28. Culex (Culex) sphinx How^ard, Dyar and Knab. 
Culex sphinx Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 301, 1915. 
Culex sphinx Dyar and Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., iii, 114, 1915. 
Subgenus NEOCULEX Dyar 
Neoculex Dyar, Proc. Ent. See. Wash., vii, 45, 48, 1905. 
Table of Species 
1. Bridge of the fourth uncal plate broad saxatilis 
This bridge narrow derivator 
29. Culex (Neoculex) saxatilis Grossbeck. 
Culex territans Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 293, 1915, 
30. Culex (Neoculex) derivator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex derivator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 290, 1915. 
Subgenus CACOCULEX, new 
With the characters of the table. Type, Culex habilitator 
Dyar and Knab. 
31. Culex (Cacoculex) habilitator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex habilitator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 262, 1915. 
Culex eremita Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 261, 1915. 
Subgenus TRANSCULICIA Dyar 
Transculicia Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., v, 184, 1917. 
32. Culex (Transculicia) eleuthera Dyar 
Culex (Transculicia) eleuthera Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., v, 184, 1917. 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 101 
Subgenus DEINOCERITES Theobald 
Deinoccrites Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 215, 1901. 
Brachomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 343, 1901. 
Dinomimetes Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. See, xv, 120, 1907. 
Dinanamesus Dyar and Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss.. 
Hi, 259, 1909. 
Some of the Culex addicted to crab-holes have developed 
elongated antennal joints, on which genera and even higher 
groups have been founded. From the point of view of the 
genitalia, this appears to be an over- valuation. However, 
there are some good larval characters, and Deinocerites may- 
be conveniently considered a genus. But I do not think that 
Dinomimetes and Dinanamesus will hold. 
Table of Species 
1. Claws of the clasp filament equal 2 
These claws unequal 4 
2. Teeth of harpe about 15 3 
Teeth of harpe over 20 melanophylum 
3. Harpal plate longer, exceeding the lobes of side piece cancer 
This plate shorter, not exceeding lobe of side piece troglodytus 
4. Third uncal plate simple; second with two revolute %Y)\r\t%. . .spanius 
Second plate with a horn and many lateral spines ; third plate 
spatulate 5 
5. Harpal plate long and slender beyond base epitedeus 
This plate shorter, not exceeding the lobe of side piece pseudes 
33. Culex (Deinocerites) spanius Dyar and Knab. 
Dinanamesus spanius Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 213, 
1915. 
34. Culex (Deinocerites) epitedeus Knab. 
Dinomimetes epitedeus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 
197, 1915. 
35. Culex (Deinocerites) pseudes Dyar and Knab. 
Deinocerites pseudes Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 210, 
1915. 
36. Culex (Deinocerites) troglodytus Dyar and Knab. 
Deinocerites troglodytus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 
206, 1915. 
102 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
37. Culex (Deinocerites) cancer Theobald. 
Deinocerites cancer Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 201, 
1915. 
38. Culex (Deinocerites) melanophylum Dyar and Knab. 
Deinocerites melanophylum Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., 
iii, 207, 1915. 
Subgenus TINOLESTES Coquillett 
Tinolestes Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 185, 1905. 
39. Culex (Tinolestes) latisquama Coquillett. 
Culex latisquama Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 303, 
1915. 
Subgenus MICRAEDES Coquillett 
Micraedes Coquillett. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, IS.*;, 1905. 
Table of Species 
1. First plate of unci very broad, notched, and jointed to second plate, 
chalcocorystes 
This plate triangulate, scarcely modified bisulcatus 
This plate attenuate on the outer half and curled restrictor 
40. Culex (Micraedes) chalcocorystes Martini. 
Culex chalcocorystes Martini, Ins. Ins. Mens., ii, 70, 1914. 
The unci are almost exactly as in latisquama, and on that 
basis this species might with propriety be placed in Tinolestes. 
The present location is based on the structure of the lobe of 
the side piece. 
41. Culex (Micraedes) bisulcatus Coquillett. 
Culex bisulcatus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 306, 1915. 
42. Culex (Micraedes) restrictor Dyar and Knab. 
Culex restrictor Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 331, 1915. 
This species has affinities with Melanoconion and might 
with almost equal propriety be placed there. 
Subgenus ISOSTOMYIA Coquillett 
Isostomyia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 
16, 24, 1906. 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 103 
This name is here employed in the sense intended by Coquil- 
lett, and not in that which his citation of type would imply. 
43. Culex (Isostomyia) conservator Dyar and Knab. 
Culcx conservator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 308, 
1915. 
This species is congeneric with restrictor as far as uncal de- 
velopment goes or lobes of side piece. It is separated on 
account of the modification of the clasp filament. 
I 
Subgenus MELANOCONION Theobald 
Melauocnn'wn Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 238, 1903, 
Table of Species 
1. Upper division of lobe of side piece with a leaf and three setae, 
atratus 
This part with a seta, a leaf, and two seta; falsificator 
44. Culex (Melanoconion) atratus Theobald. 
Culex atratus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog,, iii, 3S8, 1915. 
45. Culex (Melanoconion) falsificator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex falsificator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 425, 1915. 
Culex agitator Howard, Dyar and Knab (in part, adult only), 
Monog., iii, 384, 1915. 
This Cuban species comes very close to atratus from 
Jamaica and may not be distinct. The apparent genitalia dif- 
ference may be due to the position of the parts on the slide. 
The colorational differences given in the monograph appear 
unreliable. The adults associated with the larvse of agitator 
do not appertain to that species. 
Subgenus CHCEROPORPA, new^ 
With the characters of the table. Type, Culex anips Dyar. 
Table of Species 
1. Clasp filament with a horn4ike tuft before tip ; terminal spine 
uniform 2 
' Gnophodeomyia Theobald, type inornata Theobald (= aikenii .'Kiken), may 
be an older name for the subgenus Choeroporpa or a synonym of Melanoconion. 
104 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
Clasp filament narrowed at tip, the terminal spine widened and 
appendiculate 4 
2. Anterior crest of clasp filament of appressed or consolidated spines. 3 
This crest composed of fine hairs anips 
3. Terminal spine of clasp stout; anterior crest solid erraticus 
This spine delicate; anterior crest of compressed spines. .. ./'^cca/or 
4. Outer division of lobe of side piece with a leaf-like appendage 5 
Without this structure 9 
5. The leaf large and expanded, exceeding the accompanying setae. 6 
The leaf small and oval, not exceeding the accompanying setae. 8 
6. Harpes with delicate hair-like peeten, the marginal tooth stout, 
mutator 
Harpes with a distinct comb 7 
7. Harpal comb of about 8-10 teeth ; leaf of outer division of lobe 
of side piece adjacent to setae leprincei 
Harpal comb of about 6 teeth; the leaf free from setx. . .invocator 
8. Outer division of lobe of side piece with the leaf adjacent to the 
two filaments on basal margin ; second plate of unci bifid, 
conspirator 
This leaf adjacent to the three filaments on the distal margin; 
second plate of unci trifid bastagai'ius, carcinophilus 
9. Second plate of unci without an adjacent pair of hooks or 
spines 10 
This plate with hooks or spines 11 
10. Limbs of second plate of unci subequal chrysonotum 
Outer limb of this plate long, the inner short and often bent at 
right angles elevator 
11. Second plate of unci with a hook on inner margin educator 
This plate with a spine on each margin 12 
12. Apical portion of second plate quadrate and denticulate. .to/a?»tdi.y 
This portion smooth and arcuate inhibitator 
46. Culex (Choeroporpa) anips D} ar. 
Culcx anips Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens., iv, 48, 1916. 
Culex {Melanoc onion) anips Dyar and Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 
v, 180, 1917. 
47. Culex (Choeroporpa) erraticus Dyar and Knab. 
Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus Dyar and Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 
V, 179, 1917. 
48. Culex (Choeroporpa) peccator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex (Melanoconioii) peccator Dyar and Knab, Ins. Ins. Mens., 
V, 179, 1917. 
INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 105 
49. Culex (Choeroporpa) mutator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex mutator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 422, 1915. 
50. Culex (Choeroporpa) leprincei Dyar and Knab. 
§ Culex leprtncci Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., ni, 397, 1915. 
Culex trachvcampa Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 329, 
The genitaUa and larvae of trachycampa and leprincei are 
alike. The separation of the adults in the monograph was due 
to an error of observation of the female proboscis, being 
called swollen in one case and not in the other — an error very 
easy to make. 
51. Culex (Choeroporpa) invocator Pazos. 
Culex invocator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 323, 1915. 
52. Culex (Choeroporpa) conspirator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex conspirator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 410, 
1915. 
53. Culex (Choeroporpa) carcinophilus Dyar and Knab. 
Culex carcinophilus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 412, 
1915. 
I have only one male mounted in poor condition and indis- 
tinguishable from bastagariiis ; but the larvae differ obviously. 
54. Culex (Choeroporpa) bastagarius Dyar and Knab. 
Culex bastagarius Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 424, 
1915. 
55. Culex (Choeroporpa) chrysonotum Dyar and Knab. 
Culex chryso'Hotum Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 310, 
1915. 
56. Culex (Choeroporpa) inhibitator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex inhibitator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 391, 1915 
57. Culex (Choeroporpa) educator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex educator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. See, xiv, 
217, 1906. 
Culex elevator Howard, Dyar and Knab (in part), Monog., iii, 
414, 1915. 
106 INSECUTOR INSCITI^ MENSTRUUS 
Culex apateticus Howard, Dyar and Knab (in part), Monogr., 
iii, 321, 1915. 
68. Culex (Choeroporpa) elevator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex elevator Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 
217, 1906. 
Culex elevator Howard, Dyar and Knab (in part), Monog., iii, 
414, 1915. 
Culex apateticus Howard, Dyar and Knab (in part), Monog.. 
iii, 321, 1915. 
In the monograph we united elevator and educator; but the 
genitalia are obviously different. On the other hand, we cre- 
ated the new species apateticus, based on a mixture of elevator 
and educator. The types of apateticus are three of Jennings' 
No. 498, the mounted male being elevator, plus two of Jennings' 
No. 454 and one of Jennings' No. 522, the two mounted males 
being educator. We placed these in the monograph with hesi- 
tator, a Mochlostyrax, but this also was placed wrongly. Both 
species should have the female proboscis swollen at the tip, 
but we have put them in the "straight proboscis" section. 
59. Culex (Choeroporpa) iolambdis, new species. 
Male genitalia. — Comb of harpe with about eight teeth; sec- 
ond plate of unci with a horn on either side, the tip quadrately 
terminated and denticulate ; outer division of lobe of side piece 
obsoletely subdivided, the proximal portion bearing a hooked 
filament ; at the base is inserted a broad filament but not leaf- 
shaped, and on a scarcely distinguishable prominence below 
are three crooked filaments. Clasp filament not strongly 
swollen, the tip attenuated, truncate, with snout-like termina- 
tion ; a groove at end and straight oblique groove across ; setae 
very obscure ; cresting pile very small, reaching to near end of 
snout. 
Only one slide is before me ; near educator, of which I hope 
it is not a distorted specimen. 
The adult has the tarsi wholly black ; palpi exceeding the 
proboscis, black, the last two joints sparsely and evenly haired. 
Abdomen entirely black dorsally with bronzy luster ; the venter 
appears wholly black. 
INSKCUTOR INSCITI.^ MENSTRUUS 107 
Type, male, No. 21(!0:|, U. S. Nat. Mus. ; Panama, bred by 
Mr. A. Biisck but at present without label. 
It is possible that this is the adult of Culex investigator 
Dyar and Knab, described from Mexico, the adult being un- 
known. The larva of investigator falls in the table with 
inhibitator, with tlie adult of which iolamhdis is allied. 
Subgenus MOCHLOSTYRAX Dyar and Knab 
Mochlostyrax Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 223, 
1906. 
T.'VBLE OF Speciks 
1. Second plate of unci with a distinct radial pecten in one angle of 
the plate 2 
Without this character 5 
2. Basal lobes of penultimate segment minute, pointed, hairless, 
reductor 
These lobes larger with a few or many hairs 3 
3. Basal lobe small, few haired; harpes with 6 teeth 4 
Basal lobe large, many haired; harpes with 8 teeth hesitator 
4. Tip of clasp filament foot-shaped floridanus 
Tip of clasp filament roughly elliptical pilosus 
5. Outer division of lobe of side piece forked, bearing many flat 
filaments but no leaf caudelH 
This part entire, bearing two leaves and two filaments, 
peribleptus, moorei 
60. Culex (Mochlostyrax) reductor Dyar and Knab. 
Culex reductor Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 399, 1915. 
61. Culex (Mochlostyrax) hesitator Dyar and Knab. 
Culex hesitator Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 319, 1915. 
Placed in the wrong section in the monograph. The female 
proboscis should be swollen. 
62. Culex (Mochlostyrax) floridanus Dyar and Knab. 
Culex {Mochlostyrax) floridanus Dyar and Knab, Ins. Ins. 
Mens., V, 180, 1917.' 
G;!. Culex (Mochlostyrax) pilosus Dyar and Knab. 
Culex pilosus Howard, Dyar and Knab, Monog., iii, 393, 1915. 
' Fresh material shows that the Cuban species {agitator = cubensis =: masHgia) 
must be again separated from the Floridian species (floridanus = deceptor) on 
adult colorational characters.