206 Mr. J. Walton on the genus Bruchus. 
Page 175 supra. I suspect from the description of Ardea nohilis 
that it is identical with the A. Goliath, Temm. PL Col. 474, from 
Abyssinia. 
Page 176. Ardea Cahoga belongs to the genus Ardeola, Boie, 1822 
(Buphus, Boie, 1826). This bird is decorated with no less than eleven 
synonymous names, the earliest of which is Ardea Buhulcus, Savigny, 
and the following is, I believe, the chronological order of the re- 
mainder : — A. lucida, Rafinesque ; A. (cquinoctialis , Mont. ; A. coro- 
mandelensis, Steph. ; A. bicolor, Vieill. ; A. russata, Temm.; A. af- 
finis, Horsf. ; A. coromandelica, Licht. ; A. Veranii, Roux ; A. leuco- 
cephala, Cuv. ; and A. Caboga, Franklin. 
XXIX. — Notes on British species of the genus Bruchus, with 
Descriptions of two species not hitherto recorded as indigenous. 
By John Walton, Esq. * , /. ., ... ^ /^ ./ ^ 
Section CURCULIONITES. 
Fam. Bruchid^. 
1. Bruchus Pisi, Linn. (Mus. Linn.), Germ._, Schonh. 
Oblong-ovate, black, densely clothed with cinereous and white 
pubescence : antennae with the four basal joints rufo- testaceous : 
thorax transverse, much broader than long, and armed on each side 
with a distinct acute tooth : elytra elongate ; each elytron with a 
somewhat arched fascia near the apex, composed of white spots : 
pygidium with two large ovate black spots ; anterior femora en- 
tirely black ; the anterior tibise and tarsi ; the intermediate tibiae at 
the apex and the tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the posterior femora armed 
with an elongate spine beneath, near the apex. Length 2^ lines. 
The two examples (one being pinned through the name) in the 
Linnsean cabinet with a white pea appended to each pin containing 
the insect, I have not the least doubt, are the genuine B. Pisi of 
Linnaeus. In all the British cabinets that I have examined I 
could only detect one true example of this species, and that in 
the collection of Mr. Waterhouse. I consider it very doubtful 
whether the Bruchus Pisi of Linnaeus should be regarded as a 
British species. It occurs in Germany and the southern parts of 
Europe, and likewise in North America. 
* In my paper published in the last number of the ' Annals/ some errors 
in the punctuation have caused one of the paragraphs to be obscure : p. 88, 
hne 5 of the last paragraph, insert a semicolon after the word "straight," 
and take out the stop after the next word : in line 1 2, for " rugose ; punctate 
anteriorly ; under both sides," read " rugose-punctate ; anteriorly under both 
sides," &c. 
Mr. J. Walton on the genus Bmchus. 207 
2. B. rufimanus, Schonh., Germ., Steph. Man. 
— Fisi, Fab., Mus. Banks.* 
— granarius. Marsh, (not Linn.*), Steph. 
— Pisi, Steph. 
— Pisi, Kirb. MSS. et Mus. 
— granarius, Kirb. MSS. et Mus. 
This species resembles the preceding, with which it has 
been confounded, nevertheless it is essentially distinct : it is a 
shorter and a smaller insect than the B. Pisi of Linnaeus, and 
differs moreover in having the thorax longer in proportion to the 
breadth ; the teeth at the sides smaller, sometimes indistinct ; the 
elytra shorter, and the white spots differently disposed ; the ob- 
long fuscous spots on the pygidium frequently obsolete ; the an- 
terior femora rufo-testaceoiis, and the posterior femora subdentate, 
or more or less distinctly dentate. (Length If — 2 lines.) 
The large varieties (which are probably the females) have the 
thorax proportionately longer and broader in front than the 
smaller varieties : the former are the B. Pisi, and the latter the 
B. granarius of the British cabinets, a fact which was first observed 
by myself. I sent examples of this species to Schonherr and 
Germar, and possess foreign specimens forwarded to me by these 
authors under the name of B. rufimanus. 
In this country it is the most abundant species of the genus. 
I have taken numerous individuals of the perfect insect alive out 
of the interior of the large garden bean, the horse bean, and from 
several other varieties ; the larva evidently completes its meta- 
morphosis within these seeds, consuming a considerable portion 
of the interior ; I have examined many varieties of the pea, which 
had been eaten, I think, by the larvae of this species, but never 
found in the interior a perfect insect : Mr. Marshall observed in 
a barn in Kent a quantity of peas infested by this beetle which 
had destroyed nearly half the crop ; in every pod that he opened 
he found an insect, and the exterior part of the peas was more 
or less consumed. 
3. B. flavimanus (Megerle in Litt.), Schonh. ? 
— Pisi, Fab., Mus. Banks. 
Oblong-ovate, black, densely clothed with a yellowish brown 
pubescence, and variegated with whitish spots : the antennae with 
the four basal joints rufo-testaceous : thorax subtransverse or 
rather broader than long, the lateral margins, behind the middle, 
deeply sinuated, and before the sinus armed on each side with 
a distinct acute tooth, above moderately convex, closely and 
* I have many times carefully examined the species of the genus Bru- 
chus contained in the Linnaean and the Banksian cabinets, and intend to 
publish in a separate paper some observations upon them. 
208 Mr. J. Walton on the genus Bruchus. 
minutely punctured, with larger interspersed impressions, and 
having a cuneiform white spot at the middle of the base : elytra 
elongate, wdth the sides nearly straight, finely punctate-striate, 
the interstices minutely punctured, about the middle with a trans- 
verse fascia composed of eight whitish spots on the alternate in- 
terstices, and between the middle and the apex with another 
transverse fascia which is flexuous : pygidium with two obscure 
fuscous spots : anterior legs rufo-testaceous ; posterior femora 
subdentate, or armed with a short tooth which is more or less 
distinct. Length 2^ lines. 
This species very closely resembles the large varieties of the 
preceding, and is rather difficult to distinguish without a close ex- 
amination. I have no doubt, however, it is perfectly distinct ; it 
is of equal magnitude with No. 1, and invariably larger and 
longer than the B. rufimanus ; it also differs from the last-named 
insect in having the thorax at the apex rounder and fuller, the 
teeth at the sides more distinct, the sinus deeper, and the elytra 
longer ; it difi'ers moreover in having the sculpture on the thorax 
and elytra distinctly finer, and this is very evident when the 
pubescence is scraped off. I received four examples of this spe- 
cies with the collection of the late Mr. Millard of Bristol, but 
without any of the preceding. I can vouch for the integrity of 
this collection being faithfully a British one ; and as it is an Eu- 
ropean species, I have ventured to introduce it. Dr. Germar, to 
whom I sent specimens, regards it as a new species, yet I have 
a strong impression that it is the same which Schonherr has 
described under the name of B. fi,avimanus. 
4i. B. seminarius, Linn., Mus. Linn. 
— seminarius. Fab., Mus. Banks. 
— granarius, Payk., Gyll., Germ., Schonh., not Linn. 
— (var.) seminarius ? Marsh., Steph. 
— afiinis, Steph. 
— Vicia, Kirb. MSS. et Mus. 
— immaculatus, Kirb. MSS. et Mus. 
This species has the four basal joints of the antennse (rarely 
three) rufo-testaceous, the remainder black : the thorax in the 
middle armed on each side with a minute tooth frequently con- 
cealed by the pubescence — distinct in the males, but obsolete in the 
females ; the anterior legs rufo-testaceous, with the femora more 
or less black, sometimes entirely black ; the anterior tarsi gene- 
rally pale, but piceous in some individuals ; the intermediate tibiae 
near the apex within, armed in the males with a small but distinct 
tooth placed at right angles with the tibise ; the posterior femora 
before the apex, beneath, deeply emarginated; the acute angle 
before the sinus in some examples is not produced, in others 
Mr. J. Walton 07i the genus Bruchus. 209 
it is more or less developed into a small tooth, modified in the 
sexes. 
The type of the B. seminarius of Marsham is mutilated and 
difficult to determine ; it has the thorax and the posterior femora 
subdentate, and the elytra variegated with white spots — charac- 
ters which lead me to regard it as a variety, with pale interme- 
diate legs, of No. 4t, to which Marsham has referred it. B. imma- 
culatus is a worn and rubbed specimen, but it is specifically the 
same as the present species. Mr. Kirby in his MS. has the 
following note to this insect : ^^ an alt. sex B. seminarius.'* 
According to M. Schonherr and Dr. Germar, to whom I sent 
specimens, the present species is certainly the B. granarius of 
PaykuU^ Gyllenhal, Germar and Schonherr, but it is truly the 
B. seminarius of Linnaeus and Fabricius ; I have therefore no 
hesitation in adopting the latter name for this insect. B. semi- 
narius is plentiful in Sweden. I have frequently met with it in 
Yorkshire, but only now and then in the south : Mr. Kirby in 
his MS. gives the habitat "m Vica septum," and I have taken, in 
the first week of August, several larvse in the pods of this plant. 
5. B. luteicornis, llliger, Schonh. 
Ovate, black, sparingly clothed and variegated with a fine gri- 
seous and white pile : head finely rugose-punctate, with a white 
pubescent spot behind the eyes ; mouth rufo-testaceous ; antennae, 
in the males, entirely rufo-testaceous except the terminal joints, 
which are a little dusky at their apices : thorax transverse, ante- 
riorly a little narrowed; on each side, about the middle, armed with 
a distinct tooth ; behind deeply emarginated ; above with large 
deep scattered punctures, the spaces between minutely punctured, 
the lobe at the base white : elytra irregularly variegated with 
white pubescent spots at the base, rather broader than the thorax, 
the humeral angles rounded; behind, at the middle, a little dilated; 
above punctate-striate, with the interstices flat and coriaceous, the 
suture at the base white : pygidium covered with white pubescence, 
immaculate ; the breast laterally, and the segments of the abdo- 
men on each side densely covered with white pile : the four an- 
terior legs rufo-testaceous ; the intermediate tibiae of the males at 
the apex, within, armed with two minute teeth, diverging and 
placed nearly at right angles with the apex ; the females are with- 
out these appendages, and differ also from the males in having 
the intermediate joints of the antennae (6th — 10th) black, the 
apical joint rufo-testaceous ; the posterior legs black, with the 
femora more or less acutely dentate. (Length 1^ line.) 
This insect resembles B. seminarius, but is readily distinguished 
from that species by the veiy distinct difference in the form of 
Ann. ^ Mag. N. Hist. Vol. xiii. P 
210 Mr. J. Walton on the genus Bruclius. 
the thorax y the colour of the joints of the antennce, and the pale 
intermediate legs. 
I am indebted to Dr. Germar for two foreign male specimens 
of this species, and these, upon comparison, I find agree (with 
the exception of a slight difference of size) with certain British 
specimens, viz. a male and female, captured on Cove Common, 
Hampshire, in the middle of July last, a specimen in the cabinet 
of Mr. Samuel Stevens, and one in my own collection ; that be- 
longing to Mr. Stevens was found at Coombe Wood. 
6. B. Lathyri (Kirb. MSS. et Mus.), Steph. 
— Loti} Payk., Gyll., Steph., Schonh. 
Thorax transverse, at the sides slightly but visibly sinuated, 
and behind the middle, on each side before the sinus, with a very 
minute tooth or tubercle, which in some examples is scarcely ob- 
servable without a powerful lens ; elytra immaculate ; posterior 
femora acutely dentate. This species varies considerably in bulk, 
the largest being nearly twice the size of the smallest. (Length 
1—1^ line.) 
I have very little doubt that B. Loti of Paykull and Gyllenhal 
is identical with this insect : this opinion is based upon the de- 
scription given in Schonherr's ^ Syn. Ins.^ v. p. 88, compared with 
my specimens ; but as I have not at present any means of pro- 
ving this, by the examination of a Swedish type, a note of inter- 
rogation is put to the name. Dr. Germar observes upon the spe- 
cimens sent to him : '^ Br. Lathyri, a peculiar species, new to my 
coUection.^^ Of this species I have in my cabinet a fine series of 
eight specimens, seven of which I found on the Lathyrus pra- 
tensis in the first week of August last, near Cowes in the Isle of 
Wight ; they agree with the two examples now in the collection 
of Mr. Kirby, taken by him according to his MS. from the same 
plant. 
7. B. (S) pectinicornisj Linn. (Mus. Linn.), Fab. 
— (?) Theobromatis, Linn. ? 
— ( (5* ? ) scutellaris, Schonh. 
— (?) scutellaris y Fab., Steph. Man. 
— (?) analis, Fab., Mus. Banks. 
Mr. Stephens, by inserting this species in his ' Manual of Bri- 
tish Coleoptera,' appears to consider it as indigenous to England ; 
he states, " On Heracleum Sphondylium (fl.) : Penge W^ood.^^ Mr. 
Waterhouse took it at Old Brompton crawling upon a gate ; 
but I believe it has been introduced with its food. B. pectini- 
cornis has a very extraordinary wide geographical range, being 
found, according to authors, in China, Barbary, East and West 
Indies, Cape of Good Hope, Japan, Brazil and Mexico, and by 
Mr. J. Walton on the genus Bruchus. 211 
Mr. Doubleday in East Florida. The male has the antennae pec- 
tinated, and the female serrated. I have between sixty and seventy 
examples, with many varieties, of this truly protsean insect, taken 
out of the interior of the common chickpea {Cicer arietinum, so 
named from its striking resemblance to a ram^s head), which I 
obtained from the East India and China ships, lying in the Lon- 
don and St. Katherine's Docks ; it is called 'Gram^ by the sailors : 
there is a fine series of the B. pectinicornis in the foreign cabinet 
of the British Museum and likewise in that of Mr. Kirby, who 
found them in the same kind of seeds*. 
8. B. villosusf, Fab. (1792), Mus. King of Denmark. 
— Cisti, Payk. (1792), Gyll., Steph., Schonh., Curt, not Fab. 
— ater. Marsh. Syst. Cat., Steph. 
— ater, Kirb. MSS. et Mus. 
This insect, which varies much in size, differs from the follow- 
ing in having the antennse with the four basal joints small, and 
of a dull red or piceous colour within ; the thorax transverse, &c. 
I possess foreign specimens sent to me by Schonherr; and I 
have carefully examined the four examples in the collection of 
Mr. Kirby, which are all of this species ; Mr. Kirby gives them 
in his MS. as the B. ater of Marsham. On the 14th of October 
last, at Shirley Common, near Croydon, I beat sixteen specimens 
of this insect decidedly from the broom {Spartium scoparium). 
9. B. Cisti Fab. (1781), Mus. Banks. J 
— canus ? Germ., Schonh., Steph. Man. 
— ater, Curt, not Marsh. 
This species was separated by Mr. Curtis from the preceding, 
with which it had been confounded in this country ; it differs 
in having the three basal joints only of the antennse small, and 
entirely black ; the thorax subcorneal, &c. It varies considerably 
in size, like its congener B. villosus. (Length 1 — 1^ line.) 
'^ Habitat in floribus Cisti Helianthemi. Mus. Dom. Banks.'' — 
Fab. Ent. Syst. i. p. 372. 
* See Tntrod. to Ent. by Kirby and Spence, i. p. 1 77. 
t 1 am aware of the inconvenience of changing the specific name of a spe- 
cies that has been very generally used for fifty years ; but it must be observed 
that Fabricius first employed the name Cisti for an insect differing from the 
Cisti of Paykull, and consequently the latter name must sink into a synonym. 
The B. villosus of Fabricius, according to his Museum, is identical with the 
Cisti of Paykull. — See Schonherr's Syn. Ins. v. p. 109. 
X Of this remarkable and very distinct species there are now two ex- 
amples preserved in the Banksian cabinet, pinned through the name : short 
as the description is (" ater immaculatus ; femoribus muticis "), by Fabricius, 
it agrees with these insects, and not at all with any other of the six species 
in the cabinet : therefore they cannot have been transposed, and are un- 
doubtedly the authentic types of the species referred to in the ' Ent. Syst.' 
P2 
21^ Bibliographical Notices. 
Taken at Birch Wood froni the Cistus Helianthemum by Mr. 
S. Stevens, Mr. Smith and myself, from the middle of June to 
the middle of July ; also at Mickleham and Dorking off the same 
plant. 
The Bruchus tibiellus, and the B. dehilis of Schonherr and Ste- 
phens^s ^Manual/ I have not been able to obtain sight of; the 
cabinet of the first author appears to be without them ; from the 
descriptions I take them to be small varieties of the true B. Cisti 
of Fabricius. 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
Anatomical Manipulation ; or, the Methods of pursuing Practical In- 
vestigations in Comparative Anatomy and Physiology . By Alfred 
Tulk, M.R.C.S., M.E.S., and Arthur Henfrey, A.L.S., M.Mic.S. 
Van Voorst. 8vo. pp. 414. 
A SCIENTIFIC system of taxidermy and a guide for the zoologist in 
his anatomical inquiries have long been wanted by the British natu- 
ralist. We have hitherto had no work, professing to supply the re- 
quisite information, of any authority. Our anatomists who have 
written on those subjects have not been naturalists, and our natu- 
ralists, who, conscious of the necessity of such a guide as the volume 
before us, have assayed the task, have too often been ignorant of the 
very foundation of their science, the knowledge of structure. 
The * Anatomical Manipulation ' of Messrs. Tulk and Henfrey is 
exactly the work required. It is based in part on the admirable trea- 
tise of Straus-Durckheim, than which a better groundwork could not 
have been selected. The original portion of the volume is equally 
excellent, and evidently executed with the greatest care and a 
thorough practical knowledge of the subject. The treatise on the 
microscope is full and clear, and in these days, when that instrument 
has become indispensable to the zoologist, this portion of the work 
is most welcome. The dissection and preservation of animal struc- 
tures is entered into in the minutest manner, each system being 
treated of separately, and with respect to the several classes of ani- 
mals. Much that relates to the invertebrate tribes is new, and evi- 
dently the result of original inquiries. The style of the whole is highly 
perspicuous, sufficiently full, and never prolix. 
We rejoice to see such a work as this appearing among British na- 
turalists, for other reasons besides its evident utility. We hail it as 
one of the symptoms which have appeared of late of a better state of 
things in the natural-history sciences in Britain. When the natu- 
ralist takes to anatomical manipulation he is in the right path. The 
discovery of the laws of structure, function and distribution, of affi- 
nity and of analogy, are the great ends of natural history, and to get 
at them we must pursue our researches anatomically and physiolo- 
gically. The habits of animals and plants may be narrated but can- 
not be understood without reference to those laws. The " Peter