Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of Irish Mollusca. 109 XVI. — Catalogue of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland. By Wm. Thompson, Vice-President of the Na- tural History Society of Belfast. [Continued from p. 34.] Gen. 5. Succinea, Drap. 1. S. putris, Flem., Jeff. Gray, Man. p. 178f. S. amphibia, Drap. p. 58. pi. 3. f. 22 ; Turt. Man. p. 91. Helix putris, Linn. Mont. p. 376. t. 16. f. 4. Is generally distributed throughout Ireland. Specimens agreeing with the var. /3. of Draparnaud — " major solidior, colore carneo" — in form (see pi. 3. f. 23.), colour, and more than ordinary thickness, though not in being larger than usual, are occasionally met with. The varieties y% (" media magis elongata et colorata") and Z (" minor, apertura ovata") are found in the north. Individuals of this species, which adhere to stones in wet spots at a considerable elevation in the northern mountains, are, as may be expected, invariably much dwarfed in size. 2. S. Pfeiferi, Rossm. Gray, Man. p. 179. pi. 6. f. 74.* S. gracilis, Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot. vol. ii. p. 106. S. Amphibia, b. Pfeiffer, p. 67. t. 3. f. 37. Although less common than the last, this species or variety is widely diffused over the island — in the north it is not uncommon, and is here generally of the same amber colour as S. amphibia ; as likewise are English specimens which I owe to the kindness of Mr. Alder; specimens of a reddish horn-colour, and much thicker than usual, have occasionally occurred to me in the north, and in quan- tity they have been obtained by Mrs. Patterson of Belfast, near Port- arlington. Mr. Humphreys notices this shell under the name of S. oblonga, Turt., as found about Cork, and by this appellation Mr. Har- vey mentions Ballitore (county Kildare) and Limerick as habitats, adding at the same time — " animal darker than in the last [S. amphi- bia'], and found in far wetter places." From Finnoe (county Tip- perary) I have been favoured by Mr. E. Waller with typical speci- mens of this Succinea, as admirably represented in Gray's Manual (f. 74*). 6. Bulimus§, Bruguiere. 1. B. obscurus, Drap. p. 74. pi. 4. f. 23 ; Gray, Man. p. 183. pi. 6. f. 63; Turt. Man. p. 81. f. 63. Helix obscura/Mw//. Mont. p. 391. t. 22. f. 5. f Wood-cut, p. 178.- — The coloured figure, pi. 6. f. 73, seems to me to par- take as much of the form of 8. Pfeifferi as of S. putris. X This is probably S. Pfeifferi. § Bulimus Lackamensis, P'lem. Gray, Man. p. 181. pi. 6. f. 62. B. montanus, Drap. p. 74. pi. 4. f. 22 ; Turt. Man. p. 80. f. 62. Helix Lackamensis, Mont. p. 394. t. 1 1.. f. 3. In Capt. Brown's ' Irish Testacea' this species appears under its original 1 10 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and This species is very local. In his ' Irish Testacea' Capt. Brown notices " one specimen [procured] on a dry mud wall near Clo- nooney," p. 529. About the roots of trees in the demesne of Wood- lands near Dublin, I have, accompanied by Mr. R. Ball, obtained spe- cimens, the shells of all of which, adult as well as immature, were like those sent me from other localities, and according to the observa- tions of authors, covered with earth. From La Bergerie, Portarling- ton, I have been favoured with specimens by the Rev. B. J. Clarke. In March, 1837, it was supplied me in quantity from Larne, county Antrim, by Mr. James Manks. From the Falls of Clyde (Scotland), I have specimens collected by W. H. Harvey, Esq. Animal, rather dark grey above, lighter towards the disk, and when viewed under a lens appearing closely marked all over the back and sides, with darker spots and markings so disposed as to render it very beautiful ; disk very pale grey. Tentacula cylindrical, stout, and club-shaped ; the upper of ordinary length, the lower short. 2. B. acutus, " Brug." Drap. p. 77. pi. 4. f. 29, 30 ; Gray, Man. p. 185. pi. 6. f. 67. B. fasciatus, Turt. Man. p. 84. f. 67. Turbo fasciatus, Penn. Mont. p. 346. t. 22. f. 1. This is a local species, but found from north to south — from the neighbourhood of the Giant's Causeway to Youghal. It is especially common on marine sand-banks and pastures, but in remote inland localities is likewise native. It would seem to be more common to the eastern than the western portion of the island, but in the latter it has occurred to me about Ballyshannon, county of Donegal. I have occasionally observed this species inhabiting the crevices of walls at a considerable height, as those of Howth church, county Dublin. M. Michaud remarked on some Irish specimens of this most variable species which I contributed to his collection, that they were the B. articulatus, Lam. 3. B.\ lubricus, " Brug." Drap. p. 75. pi. 4. f. 24 ; Turt. Man. p. 82. f. 65. name, as last quoted, but no locality is assigned to it. Having written to Capt. Brown on the subject, he very kindly supplied me with the following note under date of April 9, 1840 : — " I found the Bulimus montanus on the sloping banks below an old castle about four miles from Maryborough, Queen's county, the name of which I cannot remember : it is, however, on the road between Maryborough and Stradbally. I also found it on a lime- stone gravel ridge near Maryborough, not a mile distant. I afterwards met with it among debris on the mountains of Mourne, close to the sea-shore." As B. Lackamensis and B. obscurus differ little from each other, except in size, and as the period when the localities just alluded to were visited by this author is now so far distant, it would seem to me, judging from other circumstances connected with the species, that a large variety of B. obscurus may not improbably be the shell thus referred to. f In ignorance of the generic name — Cionella, Jeffreys ; Ackatina, Al- der ; Zua, Leach, as adopted by Gray, which this species should properly bear, — I use the older appellation of Bulimus. Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland, 111 Zua lubrica, Gray, Man. p. 188. pi. 6. f. 65. Helix lubrica, Mull. Mont. p. 390. t. 22. fig. not good. Is common, and generally distributed over Ireland. From under stones on the dry mountain side at Wolfhill, near Belfast, and on sea-side pastures I have obtained a few specimens of a handsome va- riety, of a pale grey colour and transparent, with a white peristome ; in such localities this shell does not present to the same degree the rich amber colour and brilliant polish which it does in woods or shady places. The animal is blackish. From an examination of the food contained in seven Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), shot at differ- ent places in the north of Ireland, from the month of December to March, during a mild winter, it would appear either that the B. lu- bricus is a special favourite, or that its haunts are similar to those of the bird ; as six of the Starlings, in addition to Helices and other food, contained specimens of this shell varying from five to thirteen in number. 7. Achatina, Lam. 1. A. Acicula, Lam. Gray, Man. p. 191. pi. 6. f. 71 ; Turt. Man. p. 89. f. 71. Bulimus Acicula, Drop. p. 75. pi. 4. f. 25, 26. Buccinum terrestre, Mont. p. 248. t. 8. f. 3. This handsome species is found sparingly, but from east to west, in the more southern half of Ireland. Mr. W. H. Harvey has pro- cured it on the " sand-hills, Miltown Malbay, and from under stones near Limerick/' but in the latter locality marks it as " very rare." Mr. T. W. Warren of Dublin, has supplied me with specimens pro- cured by him on different occasions in the rejectamenta of the river Dodder near that city. At La Bergerie (Queen's- county), it is found by the Rev. B. J. Clarke ; and at Finnoe (county Tipperary), by Mr. Edw. Waller ; by Miss Ball at Castle-martyr demesne (county Cork) ; and by Miss M. Ball at Dromana (county Water- ford). For the Cionella elongata, Jeff, noticed with doubt as Irish by Mr. Jeffreys, Linn. Trans, vol. xvi. p. 348. see Gray's Manual, p. 18. under Achatina octona. 8. Pupa, Lam. 1. P. umbilicata, Drap. p. 62. pi. 3. f. 39, 40 ; Gray, Man. p. 193. pi. 7. f. 78; Turt. Man. p. 97. f. 78. Turbo muscorum, Mont. p. 335. t. 22. f. 3. This is one of the most common of the testaceous Mollusca throughout Ireland and her islands, and especially abundant where limestone and chalk prevail. From the sea-shore to a great eleva- tion in the mountains it is foundt. It is subject to considerable va- f Mr. Alder, with reference to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, remarks of this spe- cies — " under stones, common ; seldom in moss" (Newc. Trans, vol. i. p.33); in Ireland it is common among mosses and lichens in suitable localities. 112 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and riety in form and colour ; the toothless var. not unfrequently occurs, and on a sea-bank at Belfast Bay I once obtained a specimen with two teeth f, but differing in no other respect from the ordinary shell, I cannot consider it otherwise than an accidental variety of P. um- bilicata. Specimens whitish and opake, like " dead shells," not un- frequently occur containing the living animal. Occasionally in the north, at the South Islands of Arran, and about the lakes of Killar- ney, I have procured a few individuals of a crystalline transparency, the elegance of their appearance being much enhanced by the pure white margin of the peristome. The animal is of a very pale grey colour. 2. Pupa Anglica, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 195. pi. 7. f. 82. Vertigo Anglica, Per. Turt. Man. p. 102. f. 82. This species, considered peculiar to England when described by Ferussac, and in the very latest work treating of the British land Mollusca having only the localities— " north of England, Northum- berland, Lancashire," attributed to it, is found in the north and south, in the east and west of Ireland ; but at the same time is by no means general, or, except in particular spots, plentiful, like P. vmbi- licata. Under stones, on marsh plants, in wet moss, &c. it harbours. I first met with it in June, 1 833, in the county of Londonderry, at the side of the river Bann near its junction with the ocean ; in nu- merous localities throughout Down and Antrim, and in the demesne of Florence-court, county Fermanagh, it since occurred to me ; in the west on the mountain of Benbulben in Sligo ; in the south about O'Sullivan's cascade, at the lower lake of Killarney ; and in the east in the Glen of the Downs, county Wicklow. Mr. W. H. Harvey obtained this species " near Ballitore and on the sand-hills, Miltown Malbay," but notes it as very rare. In the collections of Mr. T. W. Warren and Mr. Edw. Waller of Dublin, are specimens procured by the former gentleman at Ardmore (county Waterford), and in the neighbourhood of the metropolis ; and by the latter at Annahoe, county Tyrone — near Portarlington it is found by the Rev. B. J. Clarke, and by the Rev. T. Hincks near Cork, where it is " abun- dant in wet moss." In England I have collected the P. Anglica at Twizel House, Northumberland ; in Scotland about Ballantrae, Ayrshire. The shells of this Pupa commonly vary in colour from pale grey- ish brown to a deep reddish shade of this colour, and are rarely of a glassy transparency : the margin of the mouth and teeth are gene- rally of the colour of the shell, but sometimes pure white. Mr. Gray having had the opportunity of consulting the work only of M. Mi- chaud, refers his Pupa tridentalis with doubt to this species, but from having been favoured by its describer with specimens of this shell from the neighbourhood of Lyons, I can state with certainty that it is en- f Capt. Brown, in his ' Illustrations,' &c. quoting Pfeiffer, notices his P. bidentatvs as a Portmarnock shell. My specimen is not identical with what Pfeiffer figures. Rossmassler does not consider P. bidentatus distinct from P.marginata. See Rossm. Part I. p. 83; and Gray, Man. p. 197. Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland. 113 tirely distinct from P. Anglica, and a species unknown as British. Mr. Gray makes Pfeiffer's Pupa bidentata, 1. 59. t. 3. f. 21, 22, syn- onymous with P. Anglica, but judging from the diagnosis and figures I cannot think them the same. 3. Pupa marginata, Drap. p. 61. pi. 3. f. 36 — 38; Gray, Man. p. 196. pi. 7. f. 79f; Turt. Man. p. 98. f. 79. Is common, and although not generally diffused, is found from the extreme north to south, and east to west of Ireland. It is particu- larly partial to the sand-hills or pastures bordering the coast, and to marine islets, as those in Strangford lough — in the inland parts of the country it likewise occurs. The tooth is rarely visible : speci- mens containing the living animal are not unfrequently of a whitish colour J. 9. Vertigo, Miiller. 1. V. edentula, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 199. pi. 7. f. 80 ; Rossmassler, x. p. 28. tab. 49. f. 646. Pupa edentula, Drap. p. 59. pi. 3. f. 28, 29 ; Turt. Man. p. 99. f. 80. This species is found from north to south of Ireland. Since Sep- tember, 1832, I have met with it in numerous localities throughout the counties of Down and Antrim, at the Glen of the Downs in Wicklow, and in shell-sand from Portmarnock (county Dublin). An- nahoe, county Tyrone, Mr. E.Waller — La Bergerie, Queen's- county, Mrs. Patterson (of Belfast) — neighbourhood of Cork, Rev. T. Hincks. The typical form of V. edentula I generally find under stones ; the elongated and cylindrical variety in woods — in autumn and winter this latter is most readily obtained on the fallen leaves of trees ; in summer, on the under side of the fronds of ferns (Aspidii, &c), the shell and plant, though the naturalist only will perceive the former, being in beauty equally attractive. This elongate variety has seven and occasionally even eight volutions, and attains the length of 1^ line : when of this size, the animal §, so very minute relatively to the shell, has a grotesque appearance when bearing this along, which is carried singularly erect, not more out of the perpendicular than the leaning tower at Pisa ! This variety, judging from descrip- f The larger wood-cut at p. 1 97, representing this species magnified, is the most characteristic in the work. Rossmassler 's figure 323 is particu- larly good. X Pupajunipera, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 197. pi. 7. f. 81. — Turbo juni- peri, Mont. p. 340. t. 12. f. 12. P. Secale, Drap. p. 64. pi. 3. f. 49, 50.—Vertigo Secale, Turt. Man. p. 101. f. 81. In a list of additions to the Irish Fauna published in the Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 300, this species was enumerated in consequence of my having been assured that specimens which I saw in a Dublin collection were found in this country — their owner now believes that they must have been brought from England. § When adult, the animal varies in colour from greyish-white to black- ish-grey. Am. # Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1840. i 114 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and tion and figures, is perhaps the Pupa inornata, Michaud, Comp. p. 63. pi. 15. f. 31, 32, apparently differing from it only in size — it is described to be two lines in length : my largest specimen is \\ line, but this discrepancy is not greater than might be anticipated be- tween individuals obtained in the north of Ireland and at Lyons, where the P. inornata was discovered. I at first thought this var. might be Pupa muscorum, Drap. (Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 300.), but specimens of this shell from Montpellier, since sent me by M. Mi- chaud, prove that it is not so — these are identical with examples of Pupa cylindrica, which I have collected at Salisbury Craigs near Edinburgh, a locality in which this rare species was discovered by Mr. E. Forbes. 2. Vertigo pygmcea, Fer. Gray, Man. p. 201. pi. 7. f. 83 ; Turt. Man. p. 103. f. 83. Pupa pygmsea, Drap. p. 60. pi. 3. f. 30, 31. This is the most widely distributed species of Vertigo over Ire- land, occurring throughout the country. It is generally found but sparingly where it does prevail, and is most easily procured under stones, both in dry and wet situations, from the sea-shore to a high elevation in the mountains. The usual number of teeth is four, of which one is central on the upper or body portion. — On a sea-bank, Belfast bay, I once met with a Vertigo resembling the ordinary V. pygmcca in every respect, but with the addition of a tubercle, about the size of one of the teeth, placed outside the mouth and near the junction of the outer lip with the body volution. Animal dark lead colour, or rather blackish-gray above, disk blackish-gray anteriorly, becoming suddenly paler, so as to be nearly white at the opposite extremity. 3. Vertigo suostriata, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 202. pi. 7. f. 84. V. sexdentata, Turt. Man. p. 103. f. 84. This species, though rare, has a wide distribution in Ireland. In the glen at Holy wood House (county Down), I obtained specimens in 1832, and subsequently in shell-sand from Portmarnock (county Dublin). Mr. W. H. Harvey gives as habitats " Miltown Malbay, and near Limerick — rare at Ballitore (county Kildare)." In the neighbourhood of Ballantrae, Ayrshire, this Vertigo has occurred to me. Reference alone to Montagu's specimens would seem to prove whether his Turbo sexdentata, p. 337, be this species, as his descrip- tion is partly applicable to this (in number of teeth), and partly to V. palastris (in being smooth) — the locality in which it was found would be more suitable to the latter : the figure in ■ Testacea Bri- tannica,' throws no light upon the subject. 4. Vertigo palustr is, Leach. Gray, Man. p. 204. pi. 7. f. 85 ; Turt. Man. p. 104. f. 85. V. septemdentata, " Fer." Rossm. Icon. x. p. 28, tab. 49. f. 647. In numerous localities throughout the counties of Down and Antrim I have since 1832 procured this well-marked species, which, Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland, 115 as its name denotes, is an inhabitant of the marsh : it nevertheless seems invariably to be not only free from dirt, but presents a high polish. By the llev. B. J. Clarke the V. palustris has been obtained near Portarlington, and by Mr. Edw. Waller at Finnoe, Tipperary. In England I have procured it near Twizel, Northumberland, and in Scotland in several localities around Ballantrae. Mr. Gray, in the Introduction to his edition of Turton's Manual, mentions the V. pa- lustris and V. angustior to "have been only yet recorded as found near London and in the west of England," p. 37 — in 1834 I pub- lished both species as indigenous to Ireland. Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 300. Reference to this communication, though a mere list of species of land and freshwater Mollusca previously unrecorded as Irish, would have shown that several species noticed in the Manual as local, have a considerable range of distribution. 5. Vertigo pusilla, " Mull." Jeffreys, Linn. Trans, vol. xvi. p. 361. Gray, Man. p. 205. pi. 7. f. 86. V. heterostropha, Leach. Turt. Man. p. 105. f. 86. Pupa Vertigo, Drap. p. 61. pi. 3. f. 34, 35. Is very rare, but has been found in the north-east and west of the island. From under a stone on a dry bank in Colin Glen, near Bel- fast, I obtained a specimen in 1832, as Mr. Hyndman did in an ad- jacent glen some time afterwards ; in shell-sand from Portmarnock I have detected it, and Mr. Harvey has supplied me with a speci- men from Miltown Malbay, where he states the species is very rare. A shell from Flanders, favoured me by M. Michaud, under the name of "Pupa Vertigo, Drap. (Vert, pusilla, Mich.)," is identical with that under consideration. 6. Vertigo angustior, Jeffreys. Linn. Trans, vol. xvi. p. 361 ; Gray, Man. p. 205. Turbo Vertigo, Mont. p. 363. t. 12. f. 6. In 1833 I was favoured by Mr. W. H. Harvey with specimens of Vertigo labelled " V. heterostropha, two species, from the sand-hills Miltown Malbay, the smaller common, the larger very rare." The smaller are of this species, which has always seemed to me distinct from the V. heterostropha of Drap. and of Turton's Manual. A com- parison of Montagu's Turbo Vertigo (tab. 12. f. 6.) with the V. he- terostropha in the works just mentioned, will show the obvious dif- ference. To Mr. Jeffreys the merit is due of clearly distinguishing these species. Since 1834, when this Vertigo was published as in- digenous to Ireland, I have not obtained any more information re- specting it. 10. Balnea, Gray. 1. B. perversa, Flem. Gray, Man. p. 207. pi. 6. f. 70. B. fragilis, Gray. Turt. Man. p. 87. f. 70. Pupa fragilis, Drap. p. 68. pi. 4. f. 4. Turbo perversus, Mont. p. 355. t. 11. f. 12. This species is generally distributed over the island. Its favourite i 2 116 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and abode is on the stems and branches of trees, where it shelters itself beneath the loose bark or in its crevices ; and on trees whose bark from smoothness will not afford it. shelter, this Baleea lurks in the mosses and lichens which adorn them — in the tufts of these crypto- gamous plants I have remarked it buried, whilst the Vertigo eden- tula displayed itself at the outside. 11. Clausilia, Drap. 1. C. bidens, Drap. p. 68. pi. 4. f. 5—7 ; Gray, Man. p. 212. pi. 5. f. 53. C. laminata, Turt. Man. p. 70. f. 53. Turbo laminatus, Mont. p. 359. t. 11. f. 4. Is a rare and local species in Ireland. The first native specimens I have seen were in the collection of Mr. T. W. Warren of Dublin, who had procured them in Belamont Forest near Coothill, county Cavan. In Sept. 1837 I had the gratification of seeing numbers of this fine Clausilia, after heavy rain ascending the stems of stately trees in the demesne of Florence Court, county Fermanagh, the seat of the Earl of Enniskillen. At Dovedale, in Derbyshire, I have met with it. 2. Clausilia nigricans, Jeffreys. Gray, Man. p. 217. pi. 5. f. 58. C. rugosa, Drap. p. 73. pi. 4. f. 19, 20 ; Turt. Man. p. 74. f. 58. Turbo bidens, Mont. p. 357. t. 11. f. 7. Is very commonly distributed over Ireland and the surrounding islands. It is an extremely variable species in being more or less ventricose, in the striae being obscure or prominent, in the form of the mouth, and occasionally even in the number of internal lamellae — the largest specimen I have found in the neighbourhood of Belfast is 7 J lines in length, and has thirteen volutions ; several others of the usual length of 6 lines have likewise this number. The colour commonly varies from a very pale greyish-white to deep reddish- brown ; very rarely specimens of a glassy transparency occur, and in such of these as I have found, the animal was equally colourless. To Mr. Gray, Mr. Alder, and Mr. Forbes, I have shown the specimens differing as here described, and they agree with me that they must all be considered C. nigricans^. Fam. 4. " Auriculad^e." Gen. 1. Carychium, Miiller. 1. C. minimum, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 221. pi. 7. f. 77 ; Turt. Man. p. 96. f. 77. Auricula minima, Drap. p. 57. pi. 3. f. 18, 19. Turbo Carychium, Mont. p. 339. t. 22. f. 2. This minute species is commonly distributed over Ireland, and f Since the above was written the fine work of Rossmassler has been con- sulted, in which numerous varieties of C. nigricans or " C. rugosa" are ad- mirably represented. Icon, part 7. p. 23. fig. 477 — 487. The C. obtusa, Pfeiffer, which is common in Ireland, is here included (and judiciously I con- sider) as a var. of C. rugosa. Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland, 1 1 7 may be found in moss, on decaying leaves and wood, under stones, &c., in dry as well as wet places, though the latter are its favourite abode — in the north of the island specimens rarely attain one line in length. Gen. 2. Acme, Hartmann. 1. A.fusca, Gray, Man. p. 223. pi. 6. f. 66. Auricula lineata, Drap. p. 57. pi. 3. f. 20, 21. Bulimus lineatus, Turt. Man. p. 83. f. 66. Turbo fuscus, Boys and Walker. Mont. p. 330. Is rare in Ireland, but is widely distributed, being found over the island. Mr. W. H. Harvey was the first to find and distinguish this species as a native — he notes it as not uncommon on the sand-hills in Miltown Malbay, where in 1826 he procured both the ordinary form and the variety with the spires reversed. This shell has been procured by Mr. Hyndman and myself in various localities in the counties of Down and Antrim, but not more than three or four in- dividuals have been obtained on any one occasion. I have more than once found this shell, containing the living animal, under stones on bare clayey banks, in which situations the only other mollusk met with was Helix chrystallina. At Annahoe (county Tyrone), Mr. Edw. Waller has obtained the A.fusca (both a. and b. Turton, p. 83.) ; as Mr. T. W.Warren has done in the neighbourhood of Dublin, and the Rev. B. J. Clarke at La Bergerie, Queen's county. The Rev. T. Hincks of Cork, favours me with two southern habitats— BallinhassigGlen (county Cork) and near Mucruss, Killarney (county Kerry). Fam. 5. Limnjead^e, Jeffreys. Gen. 1. Limneus, Drap. 1. L. auricularius, Drap. p. 49. pi. 2. f. 28, 29, 32; Gray, Man. p. 232. pi. 9. f. 100 ; Turt. Man. p. 117 f. 100; Rossm. Icon. 1. 98. t. 2. f. 55. Helix auricularia, Mont. p. 375. t. 16. f. 2. Through deference to those who have paid much more attention to the subject than myself, I note this Limneus under the head of a distinct species, although I am disposed to believe that it is only an extreme form of L. pereger. The L. auricularius, as figured in both editions of Turton's Manual, and by Draparnaud, is not very unfre- quent in Ireland, but of the extremely expanded form represented by Rossmassler is very rare, and from one or two still ponds only, abounding in subaquatic plants of various species, have I seen it. Pfeiffer's figure (part 1. t. 4. f. 17, 18.) is somewhat intermediate between those just mentioned, and corresponding to it I have pro- cured specimens. All forms, from the ordinary L. pereger to the L. auricularius, it seems to me may be closely traced blending into each other — reference to the figures in many works will be found to pre- sent various forms, though in all the aperture is greatly expanded. Some specimens of L. auricularius, which I collected in Stow Pool, 118 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and Lichfield, in July, 1836, are more distinct than any which I have seen represented ; the spire is more minute, and the upper part of the outer lip goes off from the body of the shell in the form of a straight line ; but of all the individuals obtained on this occasion no two are pre- cisely alike, but vary from the extreme form described to the L. ova- tus, Drap. 2. Limneus pereger, Drap. p. 50. pi. 2. f. 34 — 37 ; Gray, Man. p. 233. pi. 9. f. 101f; Turt. Man. p. 118. f. 101. Avery rare form. Helix peregra, Mont. p. 373. t. 16. f. 3. This species, presenting endless variety, is abundant throughout the waters of Ireland, from the smallest drain to the vast expanse of Lough Neagh. Some of the forms which have been considered as distinct species may be enumerated as occurring in this country, as L. ovatus, Drap., L. intermedia, Michaud (Comp. pi. 16. f. 17, 18.), L. marginata, Mich. (Id. f. 15, 16.), L. lineatus, Bean, L. acutus, Jeffreys — of these two last I judge from comparison of authentic specimens, the former favoured me by Mr. Alder, the latter by their describer. One variety seems to require especial notice — the Gul- naria lacustris, Leach. On the shores of Loughs Neagh and Earn I have collected specimens identical with those so named by Dr. Leach in the British Museum, and which are from the lakes of Cum- berland — their donor General Bingham. It would seem to be the same form which Capt. Brown figures under the name of " Lymnsea lacustris, Brown's MSS.," and states to have been found by him in Loch Leven, Kinross-shire. Illustrations Brit. Conch., pi. 42. f. 24, 25. From lakes in various parts of Ireland I possess this form, which, from its extreme delicacy, I look upon as an inhabitant of still water, and from its rare occurrence, except when cast ashore, of deep water also. The specimens, which containing the living animal, have occa- sionally been found in shallow water, have I presume been driven thence in storms, to which conclusion I am led by having once at Lough Earn, and frequently at Lough Neagh, looked in vain for a living individual with a shell of this form at the edge of their wa- ters, though plenty of the more common forms of L. pereger were there. The variety under consideration is intermediate in form be- tween the typical L. pereger and L. glutinosus, with a short spire and ample aperture ; shell very thin, longitudinally striated ; striae regular, frequent, and strongly marked ; about one in thirty of the specimens examined somewhat spirally cut, "like the facets of glass"; slight fold on the pillar lip ; an epidermis-like covering, of a dull greenish-yellow colour. By the chief cultivators of this branch of natural history in Great Britain, to whom I have sent this shell, it was considered a particularly well-marked variety \, and M. f The wood-cut at p. 235 is much more characteristic than figure 101, which is that of the first edition repeated. I have shells similar to f. 101, from the vicinity of Belfast. X Mr. Gray remarks — " The Gulnaria lacustris of Leach is very peculiar, from the erosion of its tips, probably arising from its locality, the lakes of Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland, 119 Michaud, in acknowledging the receipt of specimens from Lough Neagh, remarked that the form was unknown to him in France. I have seen the L. pereger attached in numbers to the backs of turtles, kept in a pond at Fort William, near Belfast, when it was amusing to observe these animals swimming about, with the Limnei still keeping " their seats" upon them. 3. Limneus involutus, Harvey. Amphipeplea involuta, Gray, Man. p. 245. pi. 12. f. 147. This Limneus so remarkable in form was discovered by Wm. H. Harvey, Esq. in a small lake on Cromaglaun Mountain near the lakes of Killarney. A description of it will be found in the Annals Nat. Hist, for March 1840, p. 22. Its specific character is — spire sunk within the outer whorl ; aperture very large, extending to the apex. 4. Limneus stagnalis, Drap. p. 51. pi. 2. f. 38, 39; Gray, Man. p. 236. pi. 9. f. 104 ; Turt. Man. p. 121. f. 104 ; Rossm. f. 49. Helix stagnalis, Mont. p. 367. t. 16. f. 8. This, the largest European Limneus, though by no means gene- rally distributed, occurs in every portion of the island. It differs very much in size, according to locality ; mature specimens, which I have found in the cold water of Lough Neagh, where barren of sub- aquatic plants, did not exceed one inch in length, whereas in drains in which such plants abound, they attain double this size. A Limneus collected by my friend Richard Langtry, Esq., of Fort William, near Belfast, when on a tour through Upper Canada in 1835, seems identical with L. stagnalis. It differs from the ordinary form only-in tapering rather more towards the apex, and in the second largest volution being a little more tumid ; but in these respects an extensive series of Irish specimens before me differ very much. The American specimens were taken in the river connecting Buckhorn with Pigeon Lake. 5. Limneus palustris, Drap. p. 52. pi. 2. f. 40 — 42. and pi. 3. f. 1,2; Gray, Man. p. 239. pi. 9. f. 107 ; Turt. Man. p. 123. f. 107 ; Rossm. f. 51, 52. Helix palustris, Mont. p. 370. t. 16. f. 10. Common, and generally distributed over Ireland — in size, form, and colour very variable. In the river Bann, near Kilrea, I have procured specimens of the ordinary colour, but with the addition of spiral narrow white bands — in some waters the different species of Limnei, &c, are so marked. A shell differing from the L. palustris in general proportion (being much shorter relatively to its breadth) and in colour (generally of a uniform pale yellow), is common to Cumberland." Manual, p. 236. This erosion is but too common in the specimens I have collected in Ireland, but was always attributed by me simply to the progress of decay, the shells having for some time been ex- posed on the beach. When the tips were eroded the shells always presented other marks of decay. 120 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and Lough Neagh and other lakes in Ireland : it is found attached to stones at the edge of the water, and where the adjacent bottom is stony, with very little vegetation — under similar circumstances it has also occurred to me in the first-named locality. It is identical with the var. ft. of Mr. Jeffreys, who has favoured me with speci- mens from Battersea, near London. The small size, different colour, and freedom from all adventitious matter, I should be disposed to attribute to the colder water and less food in such localities, than in the ponds and ditches, in which the ordinary form prevails. 6. Limneus truncatulus, Jeffreys. Gray, Man. p. 240. pi. 9. f. 108. L. minutus, Drap. p. 53. pi. 3. f. 5 — 7. L. fossarius, Turt. Man. p. 124. f. 108. Helix fossaria, Mont. p. 372. t. 16. f. 9. Is generally distributed over Ireland. It inhabits drains, ditches, &c, like the L. palustris ; but in moist spots, and about springs, at a considerable elevation in the northern mountains f, is likewise found, and is here always of a very small size. In July, 1833, when accompanied by Mr. Hyndman, I remarked many of this species alive, and adhering to stones which lay dry upon the shore of Lough Neagh, far above the summer level of its waters \ — these were of uniform size, very small, and when containing the living animal, of a very dark reddish brown colour. Many varieties of the L. trun- catulus have occurred to me in Ireland ; among them was one very much elongated, and another with regular longitudinal striae, the latter of which is well remarked by Dr. Turton, to be " very elegant." Man. p. 125. 7. Limneus glaber, Gray, Man. p. 242. pi. 9. f. 106. Limneus elongatus, Drap. p. 53. pi. 3. f. 3, 4; Turt. Man. p. 122. f. 106. Helix octanfracta, Mont. p. 396. t. 11. f. 8. I have not seen any Irish specimens of this Limneus, which is thus noticed in the supplement to Mr. Jeffreys's paper in the Linnean Transactions, vol. 16. p. 520 : " Ireland, Rev. James Bulwer." On inquiry of Mr. Bulwer, he stated that the shell so noticed was con- sidered by him but a variety of L. palustris. By a letter from Mr. Jeffreys, dated June 8, 1840, I learn that " L. elongatus was men- tioned as Irish on the authority of the late Dr. Goodall, who stated that he had received specimens from Mr. Bulwer." Mr. Jeffreys adds, " I have, however, two or three undoubted specimens among a collection of Irish shells, which I purchased about three months ago from Mr. John Humphreys of Cork — the tray which contained them was labelled ' Cork.' " From Mr. Humphreys I learn that he f In such places it is preyed on by the Lapwing (Vanellus cristatus), from whose stomach I have taken it. % Montagu has, on the contrary, remarked that when left dry the animal perishes. Test. Brit., p. 372. Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland. 121 had not identified the species, but that the note of locality appended to the shells alluded to by Mr. Jeffreys was strictly correct f. 2. Ancylus. " Geoffroy." 1. A. fluviatilis, Mull. Drap. p. 48. pi. 2. f. 23, 24 ; Gray, Man. p. 249. pi. 10. f. 125 ; Turt. Man. p. 140. f. 125. Patella fluviatilis, Mont. p. 482. This species is distributed over the island, and is equally found attached to stones in the mountain torrent, the river, and the still waters of the lake. The var. described by Montagu (p. 483.) as being strongly striated, and by Jeffreys (p. 390.) as being pellucid, &c, I find upon the first stones wet by mountain springs, on their gushing from the earth. All the specimens from these localities are much smaller than those found in still water, and coated with green vegetable matter, which is entirely adventitious, and may be seen in like manner coating the little prominences of the stone to which the Ancylus adheres — this and the animal being removed, the shell is crystalline. Under the name of <( Ancy. fluviatilis, Drap. var. montana," M. Michaud has favoured me with specimens from the Pyrenees, quite identical with the var. just noticed, as it need hardly be remarked are others from France with the ordinary form. I had often observed that beautiful and graceful bird, the Gray Wagtail (Motacilla boarula), feeding about the mountain springs, but was not aware of its propensity for mollusca, until on opening the stomach of one without knowing where the specimen had been killed, I found it to be filled with shells of this species, all of which being of the var. a., afforded evidence whence they had been procured. Animal blueish-gray beneath ; portion which comes in contact with the shell blackish- green — of six specimens, which I once kept in a . dry chip box for eighteen hours, two perfectly recovered on being immersed in water. 2. Ancylus lacustris, Mull. Drap. p. 47. pi. 2. f. 26, 27 ; Turt. Man. p. 141. f. 126. Velletia lacustris, Gray, Man. p. 250. pi. 10. f. 126. Patella lacustris, Mont. p. 484. This species, although rare, has been met with in the north, east, and west of Ireland, in still and gently flowing waters. It was no- ticed by Captain Brown in his ' Irish Testacea' as "plentiful in a mill-race a mile below Naas." By the late Mr. Templeton's MS. I find that the species had been previously observed by him " on f Limneus glutinosus — Amphipeplea glutinosa. Is enumerated in Turton's ' Catalogue of Irish Shells,' but without any locality being named. Mr. Gray notes it as found " in stagnant ditches, England, Ireland." Man. p. 244. — Mr. Gray informs me that he mentioned the species as Irish from specimens sent to the British Museum many years ago, by a gentleman then resident in Ireland, and who had contributed a number of species from this country to that collection ; but of the L. gluti- nosus having been one of those so derived there is now no certain record. 122 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and Potamogeton, &c, in the drains of the bog-meadows near Belfast." Between the fourth and fifth locks of the Lagan canal, a few miles from this town, I have, at the end of September, procured many- specimens, all of which were on the under side of the leaves of the yellow water-lily {Nuphar luted) and great water- plantain (Alisma Plantago) — Pond in the demesne at Moira, county Down, Mr. Hyndman — Near Limerick, Mr. W. H. Harvey — Beechwood, near Portmarnock, county Dublin, Mr. T. W. Warren — Glasnevin Bo- tanic Garden, Dublin, Dr. Coulter— Finnoe, county Tipperary, Mr. Edward Waller. 3. Physa, Drap. 1. P.fontinalis, Drap. p. 54. pi. 3.'f. 8, 9; Gray, Man. p. 251.pl. 9. f. 110; Turt. Man. p. 127. f. 110. Bulla fontinalis, Mont. p. 226. Is common, and generally distributed over Ireland, occurring on aquatic plants in stagnant and gently flowing water. It is subject to considerable variety. 2. P. hypnorum, Drap. p. 55. pi. 3. f. 12, 13; Turt. Man. p. 128. f. 113. Aplexus hypnorum, Flem. ; Gray, Man. p. 255. pi. 9. f. 113. Bulla hypnorum, Mont. p. 228. Although much less common than P. fontinalis, is generally dif- fused over the island, and found as frequently in very shallow, as in deep water. 4. Planorbis, Muller. 1. P. corneus, Drap. p. 43. pi. 1. f. 42 — 44; Gray, Man. p. 258. pi. 8. f. 95 ; Turt. Man. p. 112. f. 95. Helix cornea, Mont. p. 448. Has been found only within a very limited portion of the island. It still prevails in the locality recorded by Capt. Brown — near May- nooth, in the county of Kildare. From about Naas in the same county I have been supplied with specimens by Mr. R. Ball ; and by the Rev. B. J. Clarke, with some obtained by him near Lea Castle, Queen's county. 2. Planorbis alius, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 259. pi. 8. f. 97 ; Turt. Man. p. 114. f. 97. P. hispidus, Drap. p. 43. pi. 1. f. 45 — 47. Helix alba, Mont. p. 459. t. 25. f. 7. Prevails generally over Ireland. Specimens of P. glaber, Jeffreys, which I owe to the kindness of their describer, seem to me (as to Mr. Alder) identical with P. albus. 3. Planorbis Icevis, Alder. Gray, Man. p. 261. pi. 12. f. 148. Is found in the north-east of the island. Early in the winter of 1832 I obtained a number of this species on aquatic plants (espe- cially Callitriche aquatica), with P. imbricatus, in a small pond at Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland, 123 the Falls, near Belfast, and about the same time procured others in the rejectamenta of the rivers Blackwater and Lagan, in the same neighbourhood. In the demesne of Portavo, near Donaghadee, and in the vicinity of Portaferry, localities in the county of Down, it has likewise occurred to me. The animal is dark gray ; tentacula very pale gray — dead shells are white. It was the P. Icevis which was marked with doubt as " P. glaberl Jeff." in Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 300. 4. Planorbis imbricatus, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 261. pi. 8. f. 94; Turt. Man. p. 111. f. 94; Drap. p. 44. pi. 1. f. 49—51. P. cristatus, Drap. p. 44. pi. 2. f. 1 — 3. Helix nautileus, Mont. p. 464. t. 25. f. 5. This handsome and well-marked species is known to me as occurring throughout Ireland, with the exception of the extreme south, where however there is little doubt that it exists. It is very variable in form — the varieties 1 and 2, and the " monstrosity with the volutions detached, and raised above each other" (Turt. Man.), I have procured on the same plant. The entire animal, together with the tentacula, are of a pale gray colour. 5. Planorbis carinatus, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 262. pi. 8. f. 89; Turt. Man. f. 89 ; Drap. p. 46. pi. 2. f. 13, 14, 16. Is much less common than P. marginatus, but found in all por- tions of the island- — in the earliest catalogues it was inserted as in- digenous. In the neighbourhood of Portaferry, county Down, and about the city of Dublin (a recorded locality), it has occurred to me. I have seen specimens which were obtained near Portarlington by the Rev. B. J. Clarke ; at a lake near Tyrrell's Pass, Westmeath, by Mr. Ovens ; and at Lough Gounagh (county Longford) by Mr. R. Call well, of Dublin \. In 1833 Mr. W. H. Harvey favoured me with specimens labelled "P. planatus, Turt. Man.," from Portumna on Lough Derg, an ex- pansion of the Shannon, where he stated that the form was frequent, noting it at the same time to have been found by him at Ballitore (county Kildare), where it is very rare — these shells correspond ex- actly with Turton's description of P. planatus, Man. p. 110. This seems to be the common form (though the normal one does likewise occur) at Lough Derg, as testified by specimens since obtained from Portumna and KillaloeJ, near its northern and southern extremities — some from Nenagh (county Tipperary) have been kindly submitted to my inspection by the Rev. T. Hincks of Cork ; near this city the " P. planatus " is noticed by Mr. Humphreys as met with. Mr. Al- der and Mr. Forbes consider the Lough Derg shell P. carinatus, and, according to the former, it is the P. disciformis, Jeff. f Mr. Edw. Waller has favoured me with marl shells of this species from Finnoe, and remarks that it is the only shell found there in marl that is not to be had in a living state; but this he attributes to the draining of a marsh. X To the kind attention of Mr. John J. Marshall of the former, and the llev. C. Mayne of the latter place, I am indebted for them. 124 Mr. W. Thompson's Catalogue of the Land and 6. Planorbis umbilicatus, Mull. Jeffreys, Linn. Trans, v. 16. p. 384. P. marginatus, Drap. p. 45. pi. 2. f. 11, 12, 15 ; Gray, Man. p. 265. pi. 8. f. 87, 88, 90; Turt. Man. f. 87. This species prevails in every quarter of the island, but is not ge- nerally distributed. Attached to stones at Ram's Island, Lough Neagh, I find a small variety f, about half the ordinary size, and which is concave beneath, with the keel obscure — Mr. Alder re- marked on some of these which I had the pleasure of adding to his collection in 1835 — "Turton's P. rhombceus, of which he sent me specimens, is the same thing in a younger state." Mr. Jeffreys, in a letter dated Oct. 2, 1838, when acknowledging the receipt of the Lough Neagh shell, observed that he considered it distinct from P. marginatus, and that from a similar shell previously found at Cardiff, he had named the form P. ineequalis. It is to a distorted individual of the P. marginatus, found in a pond at the College Botanic Garden, Dublin, that Capt. Brown applied the name of Helix cochlea (Irish Test. p. 528. pi. 24. f. 10.), andTurton that of Helix terebra (Conch. Diet. p. 62. f. 55.) — Mr. O'Kelly, to whom the shell belongs, always considered it P. marginatus, and as such noticed it in the Dublin edition of Pennant's Brit. Zool., p. 363. The Rev. T. Hincks writes me from Cork that " the var. of Plan, marginatus with the volutions elevated into a spiral cone was once taken in Ballypheane bog." I have myself met with monstrous forms of several of the native spe- cies of Planorbis. 7. Planorbis vortex, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 267. pi. 8. f. 91 ; Turt. Man. p. 109. f. 91 ; Drap. p. 44. pi. 2. f. 4, 5. Helix vortex, Mont. p. 454. t. 25. f. 3. 8. Planorbis spirorbis, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 268. pi. 8. f. 98; Turt. Man. p. 115. f. 98. P. vortex, /3. Drap. p. 45. pi. 2. f. 6, 7. Helix spirorbis, Mont. p. 455. t. 25. f. 2. The species which my correspondents (chiefly judging from the descriptions and figures in Turton's Manual) have considered as the P. vortex and P. spirorbis, are noted as generally common in Ireland these shells merge so into each other that I was in the habit of putting all that were collected throughout the north together. On comparing these with examples of " P. spirorbis" from the neigh- bourhood of Newcastle, and of "P. vortex" from that of London, presented me by Mr. Alder, I find that although some of them are as large as the P. vortex, have seven volutions, and a carinated edge to the lower one, that they are not of the extreme form desig- nated by this name, and consequently come under P. spirorbis ; so likewise do a number of specimens from the neighbourhood of Portarlington sent me by the Rev. B. J. Clarke — those from the river Shannon, favoured me by the Rev. C. Mayne of Killaloe, may f The size is, I conceive, attributable to the coldness of the water and scarcity of subaquatic plants. Freshwater Mollusca of Ireland, 125 be placed under P. vortex, as may those also collected at Lough Gounagh, county Longford, by my friend R. Callwell, Esq. of Dublin. Is the more prominent keel, with other differences necessarily at- tendant on it, as form of mouth, &c, sufficient for specific distinction between P. vortex and P. spirorbis ? Under Planorbis disciformis Mr. Alder has well remarked, that " the degree of carination is so very variable in different individuals of the same species, that it is rather fallacious as a distinguishing character." Mag. Zool. and Bot. vol. ii. p. 113. Specimens of P. compressus, Michaud, from Lorraine, with which I have been favoured by their describer, are identical with those of P. vortex before noticed as from Mr. Alder. Examples of P. leuco- stoma, Michaud, with which I have been presented by this most li- beral author, differ only from Mr. Alder's P. spirorbis in having a white rim within the mouth — on this subject see Supplement to Mr. Alder's Paper in the Newcastle Transactions, and Mr. Gray's edition of Turton's Manual, p. 267 ; in this work P. leucostoma, Mich., is referred to P. vortex, but if this is to be considered distinct from P. spirorbis, to the latter P. leucostoma must be referred. 9. Planorbis nitidus, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 268. pi. 8. f. 93. P. fontanus, Turt. Man. p. 110. f. 93. P. complanatus, Drap. p. 47. pi. 2. f. 20—22. Helix fontana, Mont. p. 462. t. 6. f. 6. Although somewhat rare, this species is distributed over Ire- land. On some living specimens taken near Belfast in Dec. 1834, by Mrs. Hincks, and kindly sent to me, the following note was made — " tentacula moderate, or rather short and uniform in colour with the body of the animal, which changes with age, the adult (with shell 2J lines in diameter) being black ; younger individuals pale gray — the shells of the latter are much the more transparent." These ani- mals seemed indifferent which side of the shell was uppermost, and when undisturbed often moved along with what is termed the under side next the surface of the water. 10. Planorbis contortus, Mull. Gray, Man. p. 270. pi. 8. f. 96 ; Turt. Man. p. 113. f. 96 ; Drap. p. 42. pi. 1. f. 39—41. Helix contorta, Mont. p. 457. t. 25. f. 6. Like the P. albus, generally distributed over Ireland, but of more frequent occurrence, and in greater quantity where found than that species. Sect. II. Operculata. Fam. Cyclostomid^e. Gen. Cyclostoma, Lam. 1. C. elegans, Lam. Gray, Man. p. 275. pi. 7. f. 75 ; Turt. Man. p. 93. f. 75 ; Drap. p. 32. pi. 1. f. 5—8. Turbo elegans, Mont. p. 342. t. 22. f. 7. Dr. J. L. Drummond informs me, that when at Sandymount near 126 The Rev. Dr. Hincks on the Flora of Ireland, Dublin, in 1816, in company with Mr. Tardy, a well-known ento- mologist, he found one of these shells. In Mr. R. Ball's collection are specimens which were obtained in Glasnevin Botanic Garden, Dublin, but here they might have been introduced with plants from England ; in the cabinet of Mr. O' Kelly of that city are two speci- mens found by himself at Portmarnock ; by Mr. S. Wright of Cork, I was shown a similar number, said to have been procured at Youghalf. Notwithstanding this, I am not altogether satisfied that the C. elegans is an indigenous species — it has on different oc- casions been introduced to the country in the present century J, but whether to any of the places mentioned previous to the specimens being found there I am uninformed — the fact of only one or two in- dividuals occurring anywhere looks suspicious. Dr. Turton states that he found a single shell of the Cyclostoma productum near the sea- coast in the west of Ireland. Manual, p. 94. [To be continued.] XVII. — On early Contributions to the Flora of Ireland; with Remarks on Mr. Mackay's Flora Hibernica. By the Rev. T. D. Hincks, LL.D., M.R.I.A. To the Editors of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. [Continued from p. 12.] Gentlemen, Mr. Mac kay has adopted the natural arrangement in pre- ference to the Linnaean, and in doing this has probably also adopted that system preferred by the Dublin professor. This may have its use, but it seems a strange thing that no two botanists seem to be satisfied with the same arrangement, which is an inconvenience to those who wish to compare the Floras of different countries. It fortunately happens, how- ever, that the variations in the plants contained, occur chiefly in those orders w T hich contain few genera, for it is with re- spect to genera that the difference is most troublesome. I shall now proceed to offer some remarks upon the work. p. 5. Ranunculace^e. — Thalictrum Alpinum seems con- fined to Connaught. Dr. Wade found it in 1801 at Lettery f Capt. Brown inadvertently notices this Cyclostoma as from " Portrush, in the cabinet of Dr. M'Donnell, Belfast." Irish Test. p. 522. The speci- mens thus alluded to have been shown me by Dr. M'Donnell, and are En- glish — the species is unknown to him as Irish. X Many years ago the C. elegans, brought alive from France, was turned out in the neighbourhood of Belfast. Here also, in 1835, a few individuals were introduced, as well as at Killiney-hill near Dublin, and in a garden within that city ; and more lately at Summer-hill near Limerick — I am not aware of their having increased in any of these places.