No. 8. — The Echinodenn Fauna of Bermuda By Hubert Lyman Clark In 1888 appeared the first list of Bermudan echinoderms, that of Professor Angelo Heilprin of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, who took a party of students tO the islands in the summer of that year. Their collections contained 6 nominal kinds of holothurians (now believed to represent only 4 valid species), 2 sea-stars, 6 brittle-stars and 6 sea-urchins, a total of 20 species. The list was published in December, 1888, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. In September, 1898, 1 published "Notes on the Echinoderms of Bermuda," based on collections made by Professor C. L. Bristol of New York University in the summer of 1897. This appeared in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (11, pp. 407-413) and includes 28 species but at least 5 of the holothurians were of doubtful validity. Further collections by Professor Bristol's students in 1898 led to my publishing a revised list in July, 1899 (see Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., 12, pp. 117-138), containing 29 species, but one of these is a synonym, one is only the young of another and a third is incorrectly identified. In April, 1899, I spent two weeks in Bermuda, and in June and July, another party from New York University was in the field. This field work led to my publishing a third paper entitled "Bermudan Echinoderms" (see Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 29, pp. 339-344, May, 1901) which also includes 29 species and corrects errors in the earlier lists. Meanwhile Professor A. E. Verrill had begun his series of papers on the Bermudas and their fauna, which added much to our knowledge of the echinoderms. His first contribution appeared in the Trans-actions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10, pp. 583-587, in the fall of 1900 (the signatures are dated both September and October, though the cover says September) and is called "Additions to the Echinoderms of the Bermudas", using my first list as the basis for the additions. These were chiefly brittle-stars, several of which were not taken by the Yale party, but rest on earlier and dubious records. The "Synapta viridis" listed is synonymous with Synaptula hydriformis. In October, 1901, in the same journal (11, pp. 35-37) a second contribution appeared, called "Additions to the Fauna of the Bermudas", which lists 5 species of echinoderms, taken by the Yale Expedition in the spring and early summer of 1901. Only one of these species is an addition to previous lists. In April 1907, further notes on the echinoderms of Bermuda with special reference to habits and
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