412 Dr. W. C. M'Intosh on the LIII. — On the Invertebrate Marine Fauna and Fishes of St. Andreics. By W. C. M'Intosh. [Concluded from p. 349.] Subkingdom VERTEBRATA. Class PISCES. Contrasted with the extreme shores of Britain the fish-fauna of St.-Andrews bay exhibits certain interesting differences, though of course its features are common to many other parts of the north-east coast. There are, for instance, no shoaJs of young wrasses (chiefly Jago's goldsinny) gliding amongst the seaweeds, or swarms of grey mullets, as in the tide-runs of the sandy flats and inland seas of the western shores ; no large rock-fish (Ballan wrasse) hiding like dark shadows under the tangles, groups of black gobies between tide-marks, or of young congers breaking the border of the flowing tide into a seething expanse, as in the quiet bays of the southern parts — just as the " schulls " of glittering pilchards do on the surface of the open water. The curious Hippocamjyi^ exquisite red mullets, and the splendid conger-fishing also belong to the latter region, together with the abundance of the smaller sharks in-shore. The sandy western shores of England are also distinguished by the greater variety of large Pleuro-nectidas, and the frequent occurrence of red gurnards, angel-fishes, and spotted rays. The adjoining bay, moreover, does not present that richness of finny life — from the little bimacu-lated sucker nestling beside its ova in the hollows of the gigantic tangles to the fine cod and coal-fish of the Zetlandic seas, which also possess the rarer Chimcera. While it is thus vain to look for the vast variety or the gorgeous colours of the species which a few hours' fishing off the shores of Guernsey brings before the investigator, or for the plenitude of large forms which in the north soon fill the boat to overflowing, yet there is sufficient success to reward exertion, either in deep water or off the sea-margin. Good white and flat fish occur in the bay, the latter especially abounding on the sandy flats off the West Sands, which thus form a rich ground for the trawlers, who are for the most part strangers. The trawl in i?--" g*^ y. common UbC (^^ee a^ i ^ i_ ,i^ ^'g'l"-; consists of a beam of
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