42 Mr. R. J. L. Guppy on the Terrestrial and 
continuous with a streak on the side of the breast. Elytra 
tapering from base to apex, each elytron ending in a straight 
pointj the sutural edge being also nearly straight; surface 
shining bi'own-black^ punctured (except towards the apex), and 
marked on each with two tawny vitta3, the inner one of which is 
severed after the middle, the severed ends oblique and running 
parallel for a short distance; suture towards the base and disk 
marked with faint silky grey lines. Body beneath shining 
black, clothed with fine silky greyish pile; abdomen with three 
tawny stripes. Legs black, clothed with silky tawny pile. 
Common on dead branches of trees at Ega. 
[To be continued.] 
IV. — On the Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mollusca of Trinidad. 
By R. J. Lechmere Guppy, Civil Service, Trinidad. 
The most complete list of the terrestrial Mollusca of Trinidad 
which I have seen is that contained in a paper by Mr. Bland, 
" On the Geographical Distribution of the West-India Land- 
Shells^^*. In this list ai-e given thirteen land-shells; and men- 
tion is made, in the same paper, of two freshwater Mollusca. 
Of the thirteen land-shells enumerated by Mr. Bland I have 
only found eleven ; but, besides these, I have found thirteen 
other terrestrial Gasteropoda; and in addition to the two fresh- 
water Mollusca, I have found five fluviatile Gasteropoda and 
one Conchifer, making a total number of thirty-two species of 
terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca. 
In the 'Annals and Magazine of Natural History' for October 
1864t I described some species of operculate Mollusca of the 
laud and fresh waters of Trinidad. I now propose to complete 
and correct the list of the Operculata, and to give some account 
of the Inoperculata, so as to bring under view in one memoir 
the whole of the terrestrial and fluviatile molluscan fauna of the 
island. 
With regard to classification, I have done the best I could 
under the circumstances. There is so much confusion respect- 
ing some of the genera (e. g. Orthalicus, Suhulina, Opeas, and 
others made from the old genus Bulimus), that I see no way of 
escaping the difficulties attendant on assigning the proper place 
to the species of those groups ; and until the classification of the 
Helicidse shall be remodelled by competent authority, generic 
names must in some cases go for very little. I have therefore 
in this paper included one or two species in the genus Bulimus 
* Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vii. 
+ Ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 243. 
Fluviatile Mollusca of Trinidad. 43 
which, I am of opinion, ought to be separated therefrom. T think 
that the peculiar animal of B. oblongus may entitle it to generic 
distinction, though it remains to be seen if any of the most 
nearly allied forms have similar animals. Then Bulimus octo- 
nuides and B. caracase^isis seem also to deserve separate places. 
Pfeiffer, Beck, Albers, Chenu, and many others have adopted 
and devised genera for the reception of similar forms; but, as 
each author appears to have his own peculiar views as to what 
species shall be included in each particular genus, and as in the 
majority of cases I feel myself unable to subscribe to those views, 
it seems to me that the only course left open is the one I have 
adopted. 
Neritina, Lamarck. 
Neritina microstoma, D'Orb. 
The Trinidad examples agree with specimens from Cuba, and 
also with D'Orbigny's description and figures in the 'Moll, 
de Cuba ;' but they do not accord so well with the examples in 
the British Museum. Some of the specimens of N. virginea 
strongly resemble the Trinidad shell. 
Paludestrina, D'Orbigny. 
Paludestrina spiralis, Guppy. 
Bithinia spiralis, Guppy, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 244. 
Further observation has enabled me to refer this mollusk to 
D^Orbigny's genus, and to add the following remarks : — 
The operculum is thin and paucispiral, its nucleus subcentral. 
The eyes are on bosses on the outer and hinder sides of the 
tentacles. The animal strongly resembles that of Skenea. It is 
viviparous, and about November it contains eggs and young in 
every stage of development. The young shell is depressed and 
umbilicate, and resembles Skenea planorbis. Before birth the 
young mollusk is already furnished with an operculum. 
Lingual teeth 3.L3: central with a triangular, reflexed, 
serrate edge ; first lateral small, serrate ; second transverse, sei'- 
rate on the reflexed edge; third slender, claw-shaped, serrate. 
This dentition, though not altogether unlike that of some of the 
Melaniadse, presents considerable resemblance to that of certain 
of the Calyptrseadse. 
Ampullaria, Lamarck. 
Ampullaria urceus, Miiller. {A. rugosa, Lam.) 
The animal is black, and the left siphon, when fully protruded, 
is longer than the shell. The right siphon is short. The head 
is produced into two lobes, which are extended into acute tenta- 
cular processes. The eyes are well developed, and hard, like 
44 ]Mr. 11. J. L. Guppy on the Terrestrial and 
those of a fish ; they are placed on stout pedicels joined to the 
outer and hinder side of the tentacles, which are acutely pointed 
and of moderate length. The jaws are large, smooth, and almost 
shelly. The lingual teeth are 3.1.3: central broad, sub- 
quadrate, with a strong apical point, on each side of which are 
two smaller dentations ; first lateral broad, obtusely pointed, 
with a dentation on the inner edge ; two outer laterals similar, 
simply claw-shaped. The dental membrane is supported on 
two large triangular cartilages, to which are attached strong 
muscles. 
This species inhabits the larger rivers and swamps, burying 
itself in the mud during the dry season. 
Var. purpurascens {A. jnirpurascens, Guppy, Ann. & Mag. 
Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 243) . 1 described this form as a 
distinct species, but I have since seen reason to believe it only 
a variety of A. urceus. 
Ampullaria effusa, Chemn. {A. glauca, Linn.) 
This shell is rather variable, both as to colour and shape. I 
have described a variety, for which I propose the name conica, 
in the ' Annals ' {loc. cit.), and I have also there described the 
eggs and young shell oi A. effusa. Another variety of A. effusa 
1 propose to distinguish by the name tristis. In this variety 
the spire is rather more elevated than in the type, the peristome 
more prominent, and the colour-bands are either altogether ab- 
sent or externally indistinct, the shell being of a dark horn- 
colour. These varieties would probably be regarded as distinct 
species by many naturalists ; but my acquaintance with the 
habits of the species enables me to affirm that the differences 
are not specific. 
This species, like A. urceus, buries itself during the continu- 
ance of drought. It can exist for months in a torpid state. 
The typical form is found in rapid streams, while the varieties 
conica and tristis occur in slow-running water and in ponds. 
I think it probable that A. crocostoma, Phil., a Venezuelan 
shell, is only another variety of this species ; and there may be 
other forms which ought in strictness to come under the same 
specific appellation. 
Marisa, Gray. 
Marisa cornu-arietis , Linn., sp. 
M. Knorrii, Phil.; Cerutodes fasciatus, Guilding. 
The animal is grey, mottled and streaked with brown and 
black. The muzzle is produced into two acute tentaculiform 
lobes. The left siphon, as well as the right one, is rudimentary 
Fluviatile MoUasca of Trinidad. 45 
and scarcely closed, and consists merely of an extended fold of 
the neck-lappet. 
A smaller variety occurs in some places. While in the type 
the spire is depressed below the level of the last whorl, in the 
variety the apex is slightly above that level. I propose to call 
this variety Sivifti, after Mr. Swift, of St. Thomas, who, amongst 
many other valuable hints, pointed out to me the differences in 
these shells. 
Marisa cornu-arietis prefers ponHs and the more quiet streams, 
as might be inferred from the shape of its shell, which does not 
enable the animal to resist a strong current so well as the 
globular shells of the Ampullarue. It is therefore less common 
in mountain-streams. Its capability of resisting drought is also 
very much less than that of A. urceus and A. effusa. 
The lingual dentition is 3.1.3, as in Ampullaria. The 
central tooth has three dentations on each side of the strong, 
acute apical point. The mandibles are similar to those of Am- 
pullaria ejfusa, but thinner and weaker. The eggs are deposited 
in jelly-like masses on twigs, &c., in the water. The young- 
mollusks, when hatched, are imperforate and subglobose, very 
similar to the young of A. effusa. 
Adamsiella, Pfeiffer. 
Adamsiella aripensis, Guppy. 
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 246.) 
This mollusk lives principally among the dead leaves on the 
ground in the forests. It frequently suspends itself by two or 
thi-ee glutinous threads from branches on the under surface of 
leaves at a height of one or two feet from the earth. 
Cyclotus, Guildlng. 
In my former account* of the two species of this genus in- 
habiting Trinidad I did not give a full description of the animal, 
because I was under the impression that naturalists were suffi- 
ciently acquainted with the general characters of the genus. 
But I find that Mr. W. T. Blanfordf, observing that certain 
Indian species have a divided foot like Cyclostoma, has pro- 
posed for them the generic name of Cyclotopsis. He is also of 
opinion that the American species should be classed with Cyclo- 
stoma. 
The animal of Cyclotus translucidus, Sow., is of a pinkish 
colour, light about the body and foot, but deep on the tentacles ; 
the foot is broad, undivided, and obtusely pointed behind; the 
tentacles subulate ; the eyes small, black, and sessile at the bases 
« Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. .\iv. p. 2-15. 
t Ibid. vol. xiii. p. 44(5. 
46 Mr. R. J. L. Guppy on the Terrestrial and 
of the tentacles ; the head is prolonged into an obtuse undivided 
muzzle, which scarcely extends forward beyond the foot ; the ^ 
organ is large and subulate, situate medially on the back of the 
neck. The animal resembles generally Cyclophorus, and not 
Cy do stomal. 
The animal of C. rugatus does not differ remarkably from the 
preceding ; and I feel confident that the animals of the allied 
West-Indian and American forms will be found on examination 
to be similar also. The lingual dentition fully bears out these 
remarks. The teeth of the Cyclophoridce are 3.1.3, while 
those of the Cydostomidce are 2.1.2 or 00 . 2 . 1 . 2. 00. The 
Trinidad Cycloti have the former dentition. 
From these considerations I do not think it probable that, 
in the present state of our knowledge, a new genus need be 
constituted for thcAmerican (including the West-Indian) species. 
Cyclotus translucidus, Sow., sp. 
C. trinitensis, Guppy, Aim. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 245. 
Though I was at first led to consider the Trinidad shell to be 
distinct, I am now of opinion that it cannot be separated from 
the Venezuelan species. 
This and the following species are found among dead leaves 
in forests, on calcareous soils. 
Cydotus rugatus, Guppy. 
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 246.) 
This shell is closely allied to C. stramineus, Reeve, from which 
it is readily to be distinguished by the fine fold-like strise being 
oblique and rising diagonally forward in C. stramineus. These 
striae are also continued to the aperture in that species; but in 
C. rugatus the striae run in zigzags, and coincide in general 
direction with the lines of growth, resembling in this respect 
the Jamaica species C. corrugatus and C.jamaicensis. C. rugatus 
is distinguished from these latter forms by its general shape and 
by the absence of any ridge round the umbilicus. In C. rugatus 
the angularly wrinkled stria? become nearly obsolete at the 
aperture. C. stramineus has a spire of half a whorl more than 
C. rugatus. Again, specimens of the latter shell are generally 
easily distinguished by their dark reddish-brown colour. 
Helicina, Lamarck. 
Helicina nemoralis, Guppy. 
Helicina zonata, Guppy, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 247- 
This shell is very like H.jamaicensis, from which it may most 
* D'Orbigny has given figures of the animal of C. inca (Voy. Anie'r. 
Merid. MoUusques, pi. 46. fig's. 21-23). The figure given by Chenu (Man. 
de Conch, vol. i. p. 2. f. 11) is probably copied from D'Orbigny, and also 
that in j\lrs. Giav's ' Figures of MoUusx^a.' 
Fluviatile Mollusca of Trinidad. 47 
readily be distinguished by the coloration and by the band of 
chestnut above the suture in the present species. There are 
some minor differences. 
As the specific name zunata had been previously applied by 
Lesson to a Helicina, I am under the necessity of giving a new- 
name to this species. I therefore propose to call it //. nemoj'alis. 
It is found on the leaves of trees in the forests. 
Helicina harbata, Guppy. 
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. xiv. p. 247.) 
This shell is so nearly allied to H. Dysoni, Pf., of Honduras 
(and perhaps also to H.foveata, Pf., of the Antilles) that it is 
possible they are no more than varieties of one species. 
Physa, Draparnaud. 
Physa rivalis, Maton & Rackett. 
The mantle is ornamented with stripes and undulating bands, 
which, during the life of the animal, seem to be on the shell. 
The dental band is broad, and covered with numerous minute 
teeth, which are simple, slender, and slightly curved. They are 
arranged in fifty or sixty divergent curved rows of about 250 or 
300 each. 
The Trinidad shell does not attain so large a size as that of 
Cuba (P. Sowerhiana, D'Orb.) and the Antilles ; but, owing to 
the close resemblance in all other respects, 1 feel unable to sepa- 
rate it as a species. 
Planorbis, Guettard. 
Planorhis terversaniis, D'Orbigny. 
The greatest breadth of the Trinidad examples is about 
0-4 inch. 
The lingual teeth are numerous, tricuspid, with a broad base. 
The central tooth has two strong, prominent, acute cusps, with 
a small intermediate point. The laterals are somewhat tri- 
angular, the outer cusp being strongly developed, the two inner 
ones merely small points. Outside of the fifth row of laterals 
the teeth become much smaller. 
Vaginulus, Ferussac. 
Vaginulus Sloanei, Per. 
The dental band is broad, the teeth numerous, simple, similar; 
the median row small. In its dentition this species resembles 
the Helicidse more than Testacellus. 
The eggs are oval-oblong, transparent, gelatinous, about ^ inch 
long, and united in chains of ten or twelve. 
48 Mr. R. J. L. Guppy on the Terrestrial and 
SucciNEA, Draparnaud. 
Succinea ajijiroximans, Shuttlevvorth. 
This shell resembles S. propinqua, Drouet, which may possibly 
})rove to be a variety. 
The animal is speckled and streaked with black. The lower 
pair of tentacles are small. It is found in moist places, but 
never in water. The lingual teeth are numerous, in straight 
rows, on subquadrate bases, edges reflexed ; central with one 
strong rounded point, and a suuiller one on each side ; laterals 
bidentate, inner cusp largest, with an obsolete toothlet on its 
inner edge, 
BuLiMUS, Scopoli. 
Bulimus ohloncjiis, Miiller, sp. 
The peculiar conformation of the head of this mollusk was 
noticed by D'Orbigny, and figured by him*. On each side of 
the head is a flattened appendage, which is divided into eight 
short, obtuse tentacular processes, each about -'-yth of an inch 
in length. These probably aid in enabling the animal to burrow 
in the soil, and perhaps even in discriminating food. 
The sexes are separate ; the genital orifice is large and situate 
beneath the upper tentacle on the right side, near the junction 
of the above-described appendages with the body. The ^J organ 
is about 2 inches long, club-shaped, furnished internally with a 
long stout cartilage. The lingual band is broad, and covered 
with numerous similar teeth in straight rows ; the cusps simple, 
rather obtuse. The dental membrane is folded over a strong 
cartilage. There are two mandibles, somewhat as in the Cepha- 
lopods, the upper one rather horscshoc-shaped, the lower one 
tongue-like and triangular, occupying the cavity of the throat. 
Bulimus zebra, Miiller. 
D'Orbigny, in the 'Moll, de Cuba,' makes B. imdatus a 
synonym of B. zebra, and gives the preference to the latter name 
on account of priority. I have followed him, though I am aware 
that many naturalists consider these to be distinct species. Beck 
(Index) makes the West-Indian shell (Jrthalicus undatus, and 
the South-American one O. zebra ; but having compared all the 
specimens and figures within my reach, I am unable to perceive 
any constant differences. These shells, as well as B. jjhlogerus, 
D'Orb., seem to me to belong to one species; and B. rec/ina, Fer., 
may possibly be a reversed variety of the same. 
The lingual band is very large, covered with numerous similar 
subquadrate teeth, in somewhat divergent rows. 
* Vo5^ Amer. Mcrid. p. 2^*7, pi. 37. f. 1,2. There is a figure also in 
Mrs. Gray's ' Figures of Mollusca.' 
Fluviatile Mollusca of Trinidad. 49 
Bulimus multifasciatus, Lam. 
The body of the animal is brown. The five bands of chestnut 
on the shell, which are also represented on the mantle, are occa- 
sionally so much interrupted as to form rows of rather distant 
square spots. The shell is somewhat variable as to size. 
Lingual teeth numerous, similar; median with an apical 
toothlet, and a smaller point on each side of it; laterals in 
diverging rows, each with an oblique, broadly reflcxed cutting- 
edge. Mandible semicircular, corrugate. 
I propose to describe, as a variety of this species, a form found 
in the southern parts of the island : — 
Var. imperfectus. Shell subperforate, oblong-conic, thin, fragile, 
subpellucid, shining, striated by fine longitudinal lines of 
growth, and zoned with five chestnut bands, of which the 
fourth is the broadest, and the second the smallest; whorls 
5-6, scarcely convex; peristome simple, acute. Height 
0-6 inch, breadth 0-3 inch ; height of aperture 0-25 inch. 
This variety is much like the young of the typical form. Its 
peristome is more complete than in the young shell of the type, 
but never expanded as in the adults. Li the southern parts of 
the island, where this variety occurs, I have never met with a 
single example of the type form. The B. rufolineafyus of Drouct, 
probably a variety of the B. pcecilus of D^Orbigny, somewhat 
resembles this variety ; but that species seems to have only 3-i 
bands of colour, while its whorls are a little more convex and its 
aperture larger. 
Bulimus immaculatus, C. B. Adams. 
B.flavidus, Menke; B.stramineus, Guilding, part. 
This shell is not to be confounded with the true B. strcunineus. 
B. immaculatus is similar in shape and size to B. multifasciatus. 
It wants the bands of colour which adorn the latter, and it is 
usually of a white colour, tinged more or less with yellow, espe- 
cially near the aperture. The animal is whitish, more or less 
deeply tinged with yellow. Lingual dentition as in B. multi' 
fasciatus. 
This and the two foregoing and the following species are en- 
tirely arboreal in their habits. 
Bulimus aureolas, n. sp. 
Shell subperforate, ovate-conic, rather acuminate, thin, yellow, 
shining, translucid, finely striated by minute and close longi- 
tudinal lines of growth, crossed by finer decussating strife ; 
whorls 5, scarcely convex, except the last, which is somewhat 
carinate ; aperture ovate ; peristome simple, acute. Height 
0-6 inch, breadth 0-3 inch ; height of aperture 0-32 inch. 
Ann ^ Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 3. Vol. xvii. 4 
50 Mr. R. J. L. Guppy on the Terrestrial and 
The animal has a bright yellow mantle, the vascular system 
of which is beautifully displayed through the transparent yellow 
shell. Along the middle of the last whorl runs a vessel, from 
which branches are given off to each side. The pulsation of the 
heart can be very distinctly seen in this species. 
The lingual teeth are numerous ; medians tricuspid ; laterals 
with an oblique, reflexed cutting-edge, and with two short, 
rounded toothlets. Mandible semicircular, corrugate. 
Bulimus fraterculus, Fer. 
The Trinidad examples of this species are smaller than those 
of the Antilles, and seem to me to resemble somewhat B. ortho- 
doxus, Drouet, a Guiana species. The dimensions of the largest 
example I have found are as follows : — height 0*7 inch, greatest 
breadth 0-3 inch. 
Bulimus octonoides, Adams. 
A shell somewhat like Stenogyra octona at first sight, but dis- 
tinguished by the form of the whorls and of the aperture, and 
by the columella not being truncate. Perhaps B. suhula, Pf., 
belongs to this species. 
Bulimus caracasensis, Reeve. 
B. micro, D'Orb."^, and B. onjza, Brug., seem to belong to 
this species. If this should prove to be the case, the latter 
name would be preferable. 
Lingual teeth numerous, on a very small dental band; medians 
minute, simple, acute ; laterals symmetrical, with three rounded 
cusps, of which the middle one is the most prominent. 
This and the preceding are terrestrial in their habits. 
Stenogyra, Shuttleworth. 
Shell subulate, whorls numerous, columella truncate. 
Stenogyra octona, Linn., sp. 
This species is very common in gardens and cultivations, 
where it lives on the ground, generally preferring to pass the 
day under leaves, pieces of wood, tlower-pots, &c. At night, in 
damp weather, it creeps out to attack the shoots and the bases 
of the stems of young and tender plants, doing thereby much 
mischief. The eggs, which are subspherical, and have a white 
testaceous envelope, often remain in the shell, whose aperture 
they nearly fill, and hatch after the death of the parent. 
* The examples of this species in D'Orbigny's collection in the British 
Museum are labelled "B. camba." It may be difficult to ascertain what 
the latter species really is, as D'Orbigny, in his plates in the ' Voyage/ 
gives the name to two diifercnt s])ecics ; and in tlie index he refers to a 
tliird plate, on which that name does not a])[)ear. 
Fluviatile Mollusca of Trinidad. 51 
Lingual teeth numerous; medians minute, simple; laterals 
symmetrical, tricuspid, central cusp much the largest. 
I cannot separate this species from S. terebraster, Lam. 
TORNATELLINA, ShuttlcWOrth. 
Tornatellina lamellata, Pot. & Mich. 
Leptinaria antillarum. Shuttle worth. 
This species is viviparous. Li July and August it is found 
full of young shells. It is terrestrial, being found chiefly among 
decaying wood and vegetable matter. 
Lingual teeth numerous; medians small, simple; laterals 
with a single, long, acute, pellucid cusp, and two obsolete denta- 
tions on the outer side. The mandible is somewhat horseshoe- 
shaped, apparently composed of a number of pentagonal prisms 
laid obliquely, resembling the shell-structure of Brachiopoda. 
Plekocheilus, Guilding. 
Plekocheilus auris-sciuri, n. sp. 
Shell rimate, oblong-conic, solid, silky-shining, with longitudinal 
lines of growth which become somewhat smoothly squamosa 
on the last whorl; wholly white, or more often marbled, 
spotted, or striped longitudinally with fuscous or chestnut 
on a whitish, yellowish, or pinkish ground ; whorls 6, rather 
convex, the last one compressed near the aperture; suture 
followed by an impressed line, which is more distinct on the 
last whorl ; aperture constricted, angularly suboval ; peristome 
white, expanded and reflected, much thickened, especially in 
the middle of the outer margin ; inner margin sinuate, thick- 
ened and reflected over the umbilical fissure, bearing an obso- 
lete tooth at its termination on the penultimate whorl; margins 
joined by a thin callus extending into the interior, under 
which is usually a stripe of chestnut- colour ; columella with 
a strong fold. 'Height 1-65 inch, greatest breadth 0-7 inch; 
height of aperture 0-65 inch. 
This very peculiar type of shell is represented in St. Vincent 
by P. undulatus, a species allied to the present, from which it 
may be distinguished by P. auris-sciuri being generally smaller 
and very considerably narrower in proportion to its height. 
The aperture is more angular and more produced anteriorly. 
P. auris-sciuri is therefore of the two the form that shows the 
greatest divergence from Bulimus. P. distortus, Brug., a Ve- 
nezuelan shell, shows a still greater divergence from the type- 
forms of Bulimus. P. distortus is a longer and larger shell than 
the Trinidad species, and it is much narrower in proportion to 
its leno-th. P. auris-sciuri has its whorls more convex, and the 
° 4* 
52 Mr. 11. J. L. Guppy on the Terresbial and 
columellar tooth is con side i-ably less developed than in P. dis- 
tortus. P. auriS'Sciuri is thus intermediate between the Vene- 
zuelan species and that of St. Vincent. 
The young shell is thin, and resembles a >S'Mcc?«m-shaped 
Bulimus. The animal has plain head-lobes. Lingual teeth — 
central with a single long acute cusp, base produced on both 
sides ; laterals with a rather square point, on each side of 
which is an obsolete toothlet, base produced outwardly. Man- 
dible semicircular, with distant coarse strife. 
This species is arboreal. In Bland's list it is given as P. 
glaber, from which it is evidently distinct, 
Ennea, H. & A. Adams. 
Ennea bicolor, Hutton. 
This species reminds one somewhat of shells of the genus 
Cari/chimn. It seems to be very rare in Trinidad ; for I have 
only seen four examples, of which only two were alive. It in- 
habits the crevices of rocks in damp places near streams. 
The tentacles (four) of Ennea bicolor are bright pink, the foot 
pale yellow. The lingual membrane is long and narrow ; teeth 
slender, somewhat hooked. The dentition does not resemble 
that of the typical Pi/p(s (e. g. P. chrtjmlis, P. striatella, &c.). 
Pujja striatella has teeth resembling those of some of the 
Bulimi. 
Vertigo, Miiller. 
Vertigo Eijriesi, Drouet. 
Pupa Eyriesii, Drouet, Moll. Guy. Frauc. p. /I, pi- 2. f. IG, 17. 
The two examples which have occurred to me in Trinidad are 
somewhat larger than the dimensions given by Drouet. They 
are 0-07 inch high, and 0"035 inch in extreme width. They 
were found on ferns. 
Cylindrella, Pfeiffer. 
Cijlindrella trinitaria, Pfeiffer. 
The animal is ashy-grey, becoming nearly black about the 
head and tentacles. Foot elongate, narrow ; tentacles (4) slen- 
der. Lingual ribbon very long and narrow ; teeth 3.1.3; 
medians narrow, bicuspid, with two tubercles on the base ; first 
and second laterals with simple round cusps; outer lateral in- 
cons])icuous, rather claw-shaped. 
The mollusk is rarely seen in motion, except when it is actually 
raining. The steep and overhanging sides of the small rocks of 
rugged limestone in the woods on the Lavcntille Hills, near 
Port-of-Spain, are frequently decorated with dozens of these 
little shells attached by their apertures to the rock. 
Fhiviatilc Molhsca of Trinidad. 53 
Streptaxis, Gray. 
Streptaxis deformis, Fer., sp. 
The animal is of a delicate pink or yellow colour ; and it is 
found both on trees and on the ground in the woods. Lingual 
teeth 10.0.10, aculeate. Judging by the teeth, no less than 
by the form of the immature shell, Sireptaxis would be classed 
nearer to Zonites than to Helix. The teeth are all simple, like 
those on the lateral portion of the dental membrane of Zonites 
cellarius; but in Streptaxis deformis they are longer, and have 
narrower bases. 
SiMPULOPsis, Beck. 
Simjmlopsis corrugatus, n. sp. 
Shell imperforate, subglobose, very thin, membranaceous, some- 
what flexible, greenish hyaline, corrugated by stout, rather 
irregular, longitudinal ribs ; suture linear ; spire small, con- 
vex ; whorls 4, convex, raj)idly increasing, the last one forming 
the greater portion of the she'll ; aperture large, rather oblique, 
rounded; peristome simple; columella arcuate. Height 
0-38 inch, greatest breadth 0-47 incli ; height of aperture 
0-3 inch, breadth of aperture 0-25 inch. 
Animal greyish-brown; tentacles four; eyes on the upper 
pair. Mantle-edge narrowly reflexed over the peristome. I 
regret having been unable to examine the teeth of this mollusk, 
the only three examples I found having decomposed before I 
had an opportunity of preserving the soft parts. 
This species comes nearest to S. hrasiliensis. The aperture is 
more nearly orbicular, and the ribs larger than in S. rufovirens. 
The shell is less Succinea-i^ha^cd than that of S. hrasiliensis. 
CoNULUS, Moquin-Tandon. 
Conulus vacans, n. sp. 
Shell small, trochiform-dcpressed, subperforate, thin, fragile, 
pellucid, shining, brownish horn-coloured ; whorls 5, carinate, 
flattened and obliquely striate above, closely covered with fine, 
longitudinal, rather wavy strise, visible under a lens, and most 
distinct on the polished under surface; spire conoidal; aper- 
ture lunate; peristome simple, acute; columcllar margin 
slightly reflected. Greatest diameter 0-18 inch, height 
0-12 inch. 
The animal has four stout tentacles. Mantle filling the aper- 
ture and projecting, but not reflected over any part of the shell. 
Foot narrow, truncate, with a small retractile appendage on the 
truncate tail. ^ organ stout, on the right side, below and a 
little behind the upper pair of tentacles. The foot has a median 
54 Mr. R. J. L. Guppy on the Terrestrial and 
band separated by a fine line or groove from the lateral portions 
on each side. 
Lingual teeth about 30 . 5 . . 5 . 30, broad, subequal : 
central obsolete; first five laterals symmetrical, with a larger 
rounded cusp having a smaller cusp of similar shape on each 
side ; outer laterals bicuspid, resembling the teeth of TcstaccUus. 
Conuhis vacans lives on epiphytal orchids, and also on the 
roots and stems of ferns. It is viviparous ; and in the wet sea- 
son individuals are found containing ten or twelve young, in 
difl^erent stages. When excluded, the young shell has two 
whorls, and is about one-tenth of the diameter of the full-grown 
shell. 
AxoDON, Cuvier. 
Anodon Leotaudi, u. sp. 
Shell transverse, oval-oblong, very inequilateral, somewhat folded 
posteriorly, striated by numerous concentric lines of growth, 
which become rather subrugose towards the margins, and 
which are crossed by numerous inconspicuous radiating strife; 
valves moderately thick; umbones somewhat tumid; epi- 
dermis shining, dark olive-brown, passing into black ; hinge- 
line long, slightly curved and forming an angle with the 
rounded anterior end; posterior end with a steep oblique 
slope, scarcely truncate ; interior brilliantly iridescent, in- 
clining to rose-colour. Length 3"3 inches, height 1'8 inch, 
thickness 1"2 inch; length of hinge-line 2"3 inches. 
The nearest species to this is perhaps A. amaj:onen3is, Lea*, 
from which this species may be distinguished by its longer 
hinge-line, its steeper posterior slope, and the more abrupt 
angle formed by the hinge-line with the anterior end. Similar 
characters separate it from A. trigona, Spix, than which it is 
more transverse. 
I have much pleasure in dedicating this shell to my friend 
Dr. Leotaud, the learned ornithologist of Trinidad, in acknow- 
ledgment of his having presented me with the first example I 
had seen of the species. 
Cyclostomus citrinus, Sow., is recorded as a Trinidad shell. I 
have never found any mollusk answering to the description of 
that species ; and I should not be surprised if the true habitat 
turned out to be Trinidad do Cuba. 
Htilui perpleda, Tev. {H.granifera, Gvay). This is stated to 
be a Trmidad species; but I believe the true locality to be 
Grenada. 
Helix discolor, Fer. Also reported as a Trinidad species; but 
1 have not found it in the isUmd. Of H. Isabella, Fer., 1 once 
• Obscrvatious ou Unio, &c. vol. x. j)l. 46. 
Fluviatile Mollusca of Trinidad. 55 
found a single derelict example near the shore, which might 
have come on drift-wood or otherwise from some other island. 
Valvata agglutinans. In my former communication in the 
* Annals' I described a shell under this name. It seems, how- 
ever, to be similar to the Thelidumus brasiliensis of Swainsou. 
It is not a moUusk, but the larva-case of a species of Phryganea. 
Melampus coJJ'ea exists in abundance on the northern and 
eastern coasts, where M. pusillus and Pedipes afra will probably 
also be found. But as these shells never occur beyond the in- 
fluence of salt water, and as their geographical distribution is 
similar to that of the marine Mollusca, I have not included them 
in this list. 
Of Nei'itina we have two marine species, viz. N. viridis and 
N. meleagris. The latter will live where there is a considerable 
admixture of fresh water*. 
Distribution. 
The island of Trinidad is divided into two divisions, northern 
and southern. The former consists in great part of ancient 
formations, of uncertain date, chiefly of mica-schist, compact 
and crystalline limestones, and a few associated shales. These 
rocks form a high range of hills, some of which attain eleva- 
tions of 2500 to 3000 feet. A wide tract of stratified detritus, 
through which flows the river Caroni, runs from west to east for 
the greater part of the distance across the island, separating the 
northern district from the southern. This separation is con- 
tinued to the Atlantic, on the eastern side, by barren sandy 
and siliceous strata, upon which, as upon the stratified detritus 
before mentioned, no terrestrial mollusk lives. It is rather cu- 
rious that this division has been sufficient to cause a noticeable 
difference in the moUuscan fauna of each district. In the table 
I have drawn up to exhibit the distribution of the species, I 
have inserted columns to show how far this is the case. From 
this table it will be seen that the moUuscan fauna of the northern 
division has a greater number of species identical with or allied to 
those of Venezuela and the Antilles than that of the southern ; 
while that of the latter has a greater affinity to the fauna of the 
Guianas. This fact may not go for much, it is true, and it is 
possible that some of the species may ultimately be found to 
have a wider range; but I thought the point worth noting. 
Where I have deemed the species peculiar, I have taken an 
allied form for the purpose of carrying out the comparison. 
* Some living land-shells from the Antilles (BuUmus exilis, B. virgu- 
latus, a species of Cistula, and Macrocerainus sigiiatus) escaped from my 
vivarium on one occasion. Should these be hereafter found in Trinidad, 
they should not be confounded with the aboriginal jNIollusea. 
56 
]\Ir. 11. J. L. Guppy on the MoUusca of Trinidad. 
It will be seen by the table that scarcely move than one-third 
(1 2) of the whole number (33t) of species found in the island 
are peculiar to it. Of the remainder, sixteen are found in the 
Antilles and thirteen in South America, eight being common to 
the Antilles and the continent. 
Examples of all the peculiar species, and of most of the other 
shells mentioned in this communication, have been deposited in 
the British Museum. 
Table shoicing the Distribution of the Terrestrial and Fluviatile MoUusca 
of Trinidad. 
I North 
Division. 
Neritina microstoma . . 
Paludestrina spiralis . . 
AmpuUaria urceus .... 
effiisa 
Marisa cornu-arietis . . 
Adamsiella aripensis . . 
Cyclotus translucidus . . 
rugatus 
Helicina nemoralis . . . . ; 
barbata j 
Physa rivalis 
Planorbis terversanus . . 
Vagiuulus Sloanei .... 
Succinea ap])roximans. . ' 
Bulimus oblongus . . . . ' 
zebra , 
fraterculus i 
immaculatus .... 
multifasciatus .... 
var. imperfectusl' 
aureolus 
octonoides 
caracasensis 
Plekoclieilus auris-sciuri 
Tornatellina lamellata. . 
Stenogyra octona 
Ennea bicolor 
Vertigo Eyriesi 
Cylindrella trinitaria . . 
Streptaxis deform is . . . . 
Sim))ulopsis corrugatus. 
Conulus vacans 
Anodon Leotaudi 
South 
Division, 
Allied Species, where the 
species is peculiar. 
P. candeaiia , 
A. xanthostoma, &c. 
C. stramineus . . . 
H. jamaicensis . . . 
H. Dysoni 
Locality, if found elsewhere j 
if peculiar. Locality oi 
allied Species. 
B. limpidus 
P. imdulatus , 
P. distortus . 
C. collaris 
S. brasilieiisis . 
C. semen-lini . 
A. amazonensis. 
Cuba. 
S. America. 
Venezuela. 
S. America. 
S. Amer.; St.Vincent. 
Jamaica. 
Venezuela. 
Venezuela. 
Jamaica. 
Honduras. 
Antilles. 
Cuba. 
Jamaica; Cuba. 
Antilles. 
S. America ; Antilles 
Antilles ; S. America. 
S. America ; Antilles. 
Antilles. 
S.America; Antilles. 
S. America. 
Antilles. 
Venezuela; Antilles. 
St. Vincent. 
Venezuela. 
S. America ; Antilles. 
S. America; Antilles. 
St. Thomas, E.Indies, 
Guiana. 
Antilles. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
S. America. 
t Including one marked Nariety. 
X This variety has been included in this list principally on[account of its distribution. 
40 Upper Baker Street, N.W., Nov. 28, 1865.