466 Mr. P. L. Sclater on new Birds from South America, We have unfortunately only a single specimen of this species in the British Museum, which was sent from the Ohio by Mr. Anthony. This example only differs from the specimens found by Mr. Rowse in the front side being rather attenuated and produced, while in the British specimens this part of the shell is regularly rounded ; but I have no means of ascertaining whether this is the usual state of the species, or only an acci-dental variation in the individual we possess, and one can scarcely believe, without better proof, that the same species should be found in Europe and the United States ; therefore I shall for the present consider it as distinct. The species is intermediate in size and form between Sphcerium rivicola and >S^. corneum, Sphcerium pallidum. Shell oblong, pale whitish yellow on the circumference, slightly .concentrically striated, rounded before, rounded and rather truncated behind ; sides rather swollen, evenly convex ; the cardinal edge rather produced, nearly straight, and slightly compressed on each side the umbo ; the umbo regularly convex, S. pallidum. rather in front of the middle of the shell, sometimes slightly crumpled. The foot very large ; the siphons elongate, united nearly to the tip ; the apices conical, the upper the smallest. The young are compressed, rather rounded, gradually be-coming more gibbous and elongated as they increase in size. Inhabits Grand Junction Canal near Kensal Green. The largest specimens are |^| of an inch long, ~\ high, and /^ thick. The average-sized specimens are ^ inch long, \ thick, and 2^ high. The living specimens emitted when in confinement several young shells about 1 line long. May 20, 1856. XLIII. — Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.Z.S. &c. 1. Synallaxis castanea. S. brunnescenti-castanea unicolor : plaga magna gutturali nigra : loris obscuris : mento fulvescenti-albido : remigibus intus ni-gricantibus : cauda unicolore castanea longissima ; rectricibus tantum octo et harum una utrinque extima brevissima. Long, tota 5*5 ; alse 2'3; caudse 4*1 poll. Angl. Hab. in vie. urbis Caraccas in Venezuela. — Mus. Brit., Paris. There are several specimens of this fine Synallaxis in the Bri-
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