DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
EMPIDIDAE 
BY 
KENNETH G. V. SMITH 
British Museum (Natural History) 
Pp. 61-112 ; 66 Text- figures 
BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 17 No. 2 
LONDON: 1965 
THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is 
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments 
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within one calendar year. 
In 1965 a separate supplementary series of longer 
papers was instituted, numbered serially for each 
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This paper is Vol. 17, No. 2 of the Entomological 
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TRUSTEES OF 
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Issued 23 September, 1965 Price i 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
EMPIDIDAE 
By KENNETH G. V. SMITH 
CONTENTS Page 
INTRODUCTION ........... 63 
Subfamily Tachydromiinae ......... 65 
Subfamily Hybotinae . . . . . . . . .81 
Subfamily Ocydromiinae ......... 85 
Subfamily Empidinae ......... 85 
Subfamily Hemerodromiinae ........ 90 
Subfamily Clinocerinae ......... 98 
REFERENCES ........... 109 
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . .in 
SYNOPSIS 
The Empididae collected on the 1954 an d 1961-62 British Museum Expeditions to Nepal are 
systematically treated. Thirty-eight new species, i new subspecies, representing 18 genera are 
described and their relationships discussed. A lectotype is designated for Hemerodromia 
xiphias Bezzi. 
INTRODUCTION 
THIS paper is based mainly on material collected by Mr. R. L. Coe, entomologist on 
the 1961-62 British Museum (Natural History) Expedition to Eastern Nepal. 
Cold winds necessitated collecting in sheltered river valleys, which accounts for the 
bias towards groups with aquatic immature stages, e.g. Hemerodromiinae, Clino- 
cerinae and Hilara. The Empidinae, such a prominent feature of the Palaearctic 
fauna were poorly represented, but members of this subfamily normally appear later 
in the year when more flowers are out. Most of Brunetti's (1913, 1920) Empidinae 
from the Indian Himalayas were captured during May-June. Mr. Coe's interesting 
collection suggests faunistic links with the Nearctic, Oriental and Eastern Palae- 
arctic regions. A few specimens collected by Mr. J. Quinlan on the 1954 Expedition 
are also included. 
I thank Drs. W. N. Ellis and H. P. Duffels of the Zoblogisch Museum, Amsterdam 
and Dr. G. Petersen of the Deutsches Entomologische Institut, Berlin for the loan of 
type material, I thank Dr. T. Saigusa for a very useful exchange of Japanese 
material involving genera common to Nepal and Japan and for manuscript notes on 
his undescribed genera and species. I thank Mr. R. L. Coe and Mr. K. Hyatt for 
checking the Hindi and other Nepalese names used for the new species, the meanings 
of which are given in the text. Finally I thank my wife for her careful preparation 
of the typescript. 
Unfortunately I have been unable to examine or obtain information on Brunetti's 
types in the Indian Museum, Calcutta or Collin's types in the Leningrad Museum. 
64 K. G. V. SMITH 
This means that comparisons with these species have been from descriptions only, 
and some of Brunetti's are often inadequate by modern taxonomic standards. 
However in most cases I am satisfied that the differences described are adequate 
indication that separate taxa are involved. I have stated clearly the few cases 
where I consider my species may prove to be conspecific with described forms and 
feel in these cases that the ultimate loss of a species to synonymy is better than 
starting a chain of misidentifications. 
Previously only one member of the family, Tachydromia nepalensis Brunetti, was 
recorded from Nepal. In the present paper 38 new species and I new subspecies are 
described, representing 18 genera. 
All type material is in the British Museum (Natural History), London. 
The nomenclature used for the male genitalia follows Bahrmann (1960). 
KEY TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA KNOWN FROM NEPAL 
1 All veins running straight to wing margin without forking (except for Rs}. Cell 
Cu absent (except Tachydromia) ........ 2 
Vein M always, and -R 4+5 often forked. Cell Cu present .... 7 
2 (i) Humeri not differentiated .......... 3 
Humeri clearly differentiated ......... 6 
3 (2) Veins J?j and R 2+3 longer, the latter ending in costal vein well beyond middle of 
wing (Text-fig. 4). Front femora moderately swollen . . (DRAPETIS s.l.) 4 
Veins /? x and R 2 +z short, the latter ending in costal vein only a little beyond 
middle of wing (Text-fig. 6). Front femora very swollen . STILPON (p. 72) 
4 (3) Distinct jowls below eyes. Second antennal segment with a distinct bristle 
beneath s.g. CROSSOPALPUS (p. 71) 
No distinct jowls below eyes. Second antennal segment without a distinct 
bristle beneath ........... 5 
5 (4) No anterodorsal bristles present on hind tibiae . . s.g. DRAPETIS s.s. (p. 65} 
One or more strong anterodorsal bristles present on hind tibiae 
s.g. ELAPHROPEZA (p. 65) 
6 (2) Cell Cu absent SICODUS (p. 74) 
Cell Cu present TACHYDROMIA (p. 75) 
7 (i) Two veins issuing from end of ist M 2 cell, neither of which is forked . . 8 
Either three veins issuing from ist M 2 cell or two veins with one of them 
forked or ist M 2 absent .......... 9 
8 (7) Cell Cu longer than cell M HYBOS (p. 81) 
Cell Cu shorter than cell M and square ended . . STENOPROCTUS (p. 83) 
9 (7) ist M 2 cell absent ........... 10 
ist M 2 cell present ........... n 
10 (9) Cell Cu present. Axillary angle of wing well developed .BICELLARIA (p. 85) 
Cell Cu absent. Axillary angle of wing not developed . HEMERODROMIA (p. 90) 
11 (9) Vein J? 4+ 6 not forked .......... 12 
Vein #4+5 forked ........... 13 
12(11) Front legs raptorial, i.e., front coxae greatly elongated . . CHELIPODA (p. 94) 
Front legs not raptorial, i.e., front coxae not elongated . HELEODROMIA (p. 97) 
13 (i i) Cell Cu only about half length of cell M. Front coxae greatly elongated 
CHELIFERA (p. 98) 
Cell Cu as long as, or nearly as long as, cell M . Front coxae at most only 
slightly elongated . . . . . . . . . . 14 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 65 
14 (13) Axillary angle of wing well developed ...... HILARA (p. 85) 
Axillary angle of wing not developed . . . . . . . . 15 
15 (14) Wings mottled brown with hyaline spots. Neck very high up on occiput 
DOLICHOCEPHALA (p. 98) 
Wings clear or brownish tinged, but not mottled with hyaline spots. . . 16 
16 (15) Clypeus distinct and elongate and with fine vibrissae and hairs (Text-fig. 50) 
HYPENELLA (p. 100) 
No distinct clypeus ........... 17 
17 (16) Vein R v setulose above (Text-fig. 63) . . . TRICHOCLINOCERA (p. 103) 
Vein R 1 not setulose above ......... 18 
18 (17) Acrostichal bristles present .... PROCLINOPYGA (p. 104) 
Acrostichal bristles absent .......... 19 
19(18) Scutellum hairy on disc .... ACANTHOCLINOCERA (p. 101) 
Scutellum bare above CLINOCERA (p. 106) 
TACHYDROMIINAE 
DRAPETIS Meigen 
Drapetis Meigen, 1822, Syst. Beschr. 3 : 91. 
No species of this genus in the restricted sense are recorded from Nepal, but I 
include it in the key and mention it here because usually Elaphropeza and Crosso- 
patyus are regarded as subgenera of Drapetis s. L. In the present paper the three 
groups are treated as subgenera, Elaphropeza and Crossopalpus being represented in 
Nepal. 
Subgenus ELAPHROPEZA Macquart 
Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827, Insect. Dipt. Nord France, 3 : 86. 
Ctenodrapetis Bezzi, 1904, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 2 : 355. 
This subgenus is best represented in the Oriental region, but it is also well rep- 
resented in N. and S. America, Africa and Australia, though only one species occurs 
in the Palaearctic Region. Six species are now described from Nepal. 
KEY TO NEPALESE SPECIES OF Elaphropeza 
1 Thorax entirely black, two or three dorsocentral bristles distinct . . kala sp. n. 
Thorax mostly reddish yellow ; dorsocentral bristles inconspicuous except for a 
strong prescutellar bristle ......... 2 
2 (i) Arista densely long pubescent and thus appearing thicker, as an extension to 
the third antenna! segment ; smaller species (i mm.) . . uralo sp. n. 
Arista normal, slender ; usually larger species (1-25 mm. or more) ... 3 
3 (2) Thorax and scutellum yellow ......... 4 
Thorax or scutellum partly black ........ 5 
4 (3) Antennae completely yellow ; occiput yellow ..... coei sp. n. 
Third antennal segment black ; occiput black .... litoralis sp. n. 
5 (3) Head reddish yellow except for black frons ; thorax reddish yellow, scutellum 
black ........... ukhalo sp. n. 
Head black, thorax reddish yellow with a large black spot on each side above wing 
bases ; scutellum yellow ....... sanguensis sp. n. 
66 K. G. V. SMITH 
Drapetis (Elaphropeza) kala sp. n. 
$. Head shining black, lightly dusted behind, but shining on a very broad postocular band 
on upper two-thirds. Occiput with sparse short yellow hairs. Frons about twice width of an 
ocellus above, narrowing to slightly more than width of an ocellus below. Face linear. Ocellar 
bristles rather weak, crossing, with a pair of weak hairs behind. A pair of strong yellow outer 
vertical bristles and a weak inner pair. Antennae with first and second segments yellow ; third 
segment black with base somewhat yellowish, short, less than twice as long as broad at base. 
Arista black, pubescent and a little less than twice antennal length. Proboscis short, brown. 
Palpi yellow, about two-thirds length of proboscis. 
Thorax shining black (a very light dusting is evident under higher magnification), with yellow 
bristles. Acrostichals absent ; dorsocentrals uniserial, the 3 or 4 posterior bristles strong ; a 
notopleural and a supra-alar present. Scutellum shining black on disc with margins lightly 
dusted and with a pair of crossing apical bristles. 
Abdomen yellowish at base, but otherwise shining black, with very light microscopic dusting 
and some rather long dark hairs. 
Legs slender, yellow except for last tarsal segment on all legs. Preapical anterior bristle 
distinct on middle femora. Middle tibiae with an anterodorsal bristle at middle. Hind tibiae 
with two anterodorsal bristles, a little closer to each other than either is from the ends of the tibia; 
apical process brownish, short and broad, but pointed. 
Wings clear with yellow veins. Third costal section about twice length of second section. 
Halteres yellow. 
<J unknown. 
Length 1-5 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed 
plants by damp cliff in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', i-ii.i962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype $. Taplejung Distr., Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by stream in 
gully, xi. 1961^.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
This species resembles E. basalis Bezzi (1904 : 349), from Colombo, in size and in 
its predominantly black colour with yellowish base to the abdomen. It is apparently 
distinguished from that species by the anterodorsal bristle on the middle tibia, and 
the presence of two, instead of one, anterodorsal bristles on the hind tibia. The 
number and position of these bristles is somewhat variable within the genus, but firm 
differences are the shorter wings in E. basalis and the relative lengths of the second 
and third costal sections, the second vein ending midway between the first and third 
veins in Bezzi's species. Bezzi's type, a unique female, was in the Hungarian 
Museum, Budapest, but was destroyed in the autumn of 1956. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " black ". 
Drapetis (Elaphropeza} uralo sp. n. .- 
o\ Head shining black, only lightly dusted around neck. Frons slightly wider than an ocellus 
above and about as wide as an ocellus below. Face linear. Ocellar bristles sub-parallel with a 
pair of tiny hairs behind. A pair of strong outer vertical bristles and a weak inner pair. 
Antennae with first and second segments yellow ; third segment black, about twice as long as 
broad ; arista about twice length of third antennal segment, black with rather long pubescence 
which gives it a thickened appearance, like an extension of the third antennal segment. Proboscis 
yellowish, about half as long as head is deep. Palpi whitish, a little more than half as long as 
proboscis and with whitish hairs. 
Thorax reddish yellow with a sub-triangular blackish patch above each wing base. The only 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 67 
obvious thoracic bristles are the single notopleural and the prescutellar dorsocentral. Pleurae 
reddish yellow with a blackish patch above the middle and hind coxae. Scutellum reddish 
yellow with a pair of crossing apical bristles. 
Abdomen yellowish except for blackish middle segment and hypopygium. 
Legs with coxae whitish, but otherwise yellow except for the last four tarsal segments of the 
front legs and the last tarsal segment of the remaining legs which are black. Middle femora with 
a distinct apical bristle. Middle tibiae with a distinct anterodorsal bristle at middle. Hind ti- 
biae with two anterodorsal bristles which are obviously closer to each other than either is from 
the ends of the tibia ; apical process short, but pointed. 
Wings clear, veins yellow. Third costal section about twice as long as second costal section. 
Halteres yellow. 
unknown. 
Length i mm. 
Holotype . NEPAL : Arun Valley, east shore of R. Arun below Tumlingtar, 
c. 1,800', evergreen shrubs bordering dry stream beds, 14-23. xii. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 2 <$, same data as Holotype. 
This species resembles E. metatarsata Bezzi (1904 : 348) from Ceylon, in having a 
black thoracic spot on each side, but in that species these spots are rounded, the 
knobs of the halteres are black, and Bezzi described the arista as microscopically 
pubescent. Other species with paired black thoracic spots (E. sanguensis sp. n. is 
separated in the key) may be distinguished as follows : E. obliquinervis Meijere from 
Nonkodjadjar, has a very oblique hind crossvein (vide Meijere, 1913, pi. 2, fig. 19) 
and E. scutellaris Bezzi (1912 : 487) is a larger (2-2-2 mm.) species ; both species 
apparently have a normal arista. 
The specific name is from a Nepalese word meaning " down-hill ". 
Drapetis (Elaphropeza) coei sp. n. 
(Text-fig, i) 
o*, ?. Head reddish yellow and dusted yellow except for dull black frons and ocellar triangle. 
Frons narrow, barely as wide as an ocellus ; eyes contiguous beneath antennae. Ocellar bristles 
fairly strong and the posterior pair of ocellar hairs are longer and stronger than usual. Two 
pairs of vertical bristles, inner pair stronger, and there are also 4 short bristles between the inner 
verticals. Antennae completely yellow, third segment about i times as long as broad at base ; 
arista twice antennal length. Proboscis short, yellowish. Palpi pale yellow, about half length 
of proboscis. 
Thorax yellow. A pair of distinct, though small, upright acrostichal bristles at extreme front 
of thorax, but about 10 rows of hairs between the line of the dorsocentrals. Dorsocentrals 
uniserial with two distinct bristles behind in each row, the prescutellar being the stronger. A 
strong notopleural with a weaker bristle below, a supra-alar and a weak postalar. Pleurae 
reddish yellow. Scutellum reddish yellow with a pair of crossing apical bristles and a very weak 
outer pair. 
Abdomen yellowish with middle segment blackish. Hypopygium yellowish. 
Legs yellow except for last two tarsal segments on all legs. Preapical bristle distinct on middle 
femora. Hind tibiae with two (sometimes three) bristles closer to each other than either is from 
the tibial extremities ; apical process short and broad. 
Wings clear, veins yellowish. Third costal section only slightly longer than second section 
(about 1-2 : i). Halteres yellow. 
Length 1-5 mm. 
68 K. G. V. SMITH 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed 
plants by damp cliff in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', 22. xi. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes: 27 <$, 71 9, same data as Holotype; Taplejung District, between Sangu 
and Tamrang, mixed shrubs in deep gorge, c. 5,200', x-xi. 1961, 4 <$, 10 $ (R. L. Coe) ; 
Taplejung District, below Sangu, c. 4,000', mixed vegetation on sheltered slopes 
above river, 3.1.1962, 3 $, 14 $ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung, between Sangu and 
Tamrang, deep river gorge, c. 5,200', x-xi. 1961, 2$, 5 $ ; Taplejung, between Sangu 
and Tamrang, wet boulder shaded permanently, in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', 
14. ii. 1962, i $ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung, north of Sangu, dry grass above river bank, 
c. 5,000', 5.1.1962, i $ (R. L. Coe}. 
This species resembles E. metatarsata Bezzi (1904 : 348) from Ceylon and E. 
variegata Brunetti (1913 : 42) from India in the colour of the abdomen, but both these 
species have dark thoracic markings and a black head. E. fulvithorax van der Wulp 
(1897 : 138) from Ceylon has the thorax completely yellowish red, but the abdomen is 
brown and the tips of the hind tibiae are blackish. 
Drapetis (Elaphropeza) litoralis sp. n. 
<J, $. Head black, heavily dusted greyish, but narrowly shining behind eye margins on upper 
third. Frons very narrow, less than width of an ocellus. Face linear. Ocellar bristles short 
with a pair of very tiny hairs behind. A pair of distinct vertical bristles. Antennae black, 
first and second segments somewhat paler in some lights. Third segment a little more than 
twice as long as broad at base. Arista dark, pubescent and slightly less than twice antennal 
length. Proboscis very short, brownish, palpi short, rounded and whitish, each with a long 
terminal bristle. 
Thorax shining reddish yellow, only dusted around margins. Acrostichals biserial. Dorso- 
centrals uniserial, a little longer than usual, but only the one strong prescutellar bristle. Two 
notopleural bristles, upper one stronger. Pleurae shining reddish yellow, somewhat dusted 
below. Scutellum reddish yellow, dusted, and with a pair of strong apical bristles. 
Abdomen brownish, with two basal segments yellowish, dusted and with short pubescence. 
Hypopygium dark brownish. 
Legs with femora yellowish, tibiae and tarsi brownish. Middle femora with distinct preapical 
anterior bristle. Hind tibiae with two strong anterodorsal bristles about middle. 
Wings clear with veins brown. Third costal section about twice length of third. Halteres 
yellow. 
Length 1-25 mm. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Arun Valley, below Tumlingtar, River Sabhaya, west shore, 
c. 1,800', dead leaves lying in sun on sandy shore, 22.xii.i96i (R. L. Coe}. 
Paratypes : 2 <$, same data as Holotype ; Arun Valley, below Tumlingtar, River 
Sabhaya, west shore, c. 1,800', evergreen shrubs on sandy shore, 9-17. xii. 1961, 
i $ (R. L. Coe}. 
The brownish abdomen with yellow base distinguishes this species from any Indian 
species. E. fulvithorax van der Wulp (1897 : 138), which the species most resembles, 
has the abdomen entirely brown and the hind tibiae have black tips. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
69 
FIGS. 1-4. Drapetis (Elaphropeza) coei sp. n. i, 
sp. n. 2, $ hypopygium : Z). (E.) ukhalo sp. n. 
epandrium : Drapetis (Crossopalpus) kholsa sp. n. 
$ hypopygium : D. (E.) sanguensis 
3, $ hypopygium showing details of 
4, 9 wing. 
7 o K. G. V. SMITH 
Drapetis (Elaphropeza) sanguensis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 2) 
$, 5. Head black, dusted greyish except for broad shining postocular orbits on upper half. 
Occiput with some short yellow hairs. Frons narrowing from about i J times width of an ocellus 
above to width of an ocellus below ; face linear. A strong pair of incurved anterior vertical 
bristles and a weak inner pair. An anterior pair of strong ocellar bristles with a very weak pair 
behind. Antennae with first and second segments yellow ; third segment blackish and about 2 
times as long as broad at base ; arista blackish, short pubescent and a little less than twice 
antennal length. Proboscis very short, brown. Palpi short, pale yellow and pale haired. 
Thorax shining reddish yellow with a large elliptical black spot on each side above wing bases. 
A pair of short acrostichals at front of thorax ; dorsocentrals uniserial, short except for a strong 
prescutellar bristle ; a strong notopleural with a weaker bristle below. Pleurae reddish yellow 
with a brownish patch on each of the sternopleurae and hypopleurae, above the middle and hind 
coxae. Scutellum and metanotum yellow, the former with a pair of long slender crossing apical 
bristles. 
Abdomen black, except for whitish second segment. Hypopygium black. 
Legs (including coxae) yellowish, except for tarsi, knees, and hind femora in front distally, all 
of which are somewhat brownish. All femora slender. Middle femora with distinct preapical 
anterior bristle. Tibiae slender ; hind tibiae with two strong anterodorsal bristles. Postero- 
ventral apical process on hind tibiae brown, short and blunt. 
Wings clear, veins brownish. Third costal section about 3 times length of second costal 
section. Halteres yellow. 
Length 2 mm.. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed 
plants by damp cliff in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', 22. xi. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 79 <$, 67 $, same data as Holotype ; Taplejung District, between Sangu 
and Tamrang, mixed shrubs in deep gorge, c. 5,200', x-xi. 1961, i $, I $ (R. L. Coe} ; 
Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by stream in gully, xi. 1961-1. 
1962, i J, 3 $ (R. L. Coe} ; Taplejung District, north of Sangu, dry grass above river 
bank, c. 5,000', 5 . i . 1962, 8 ^, 8 $ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung District, Dobhan, east bank 
of River Tamur, c. 3,500', mixed vegetation by stream in deep gully, 1-11.1962, i <$ 
(R. L. Coe) ; Arun Valley, east shore of River Arun below Tumlingtar, c. 1,800', 
swept from Ricinus communis L., 23.xii.i96i, i $ (R. L. Coe) ; Arun Valley, east 
shore of River Arun below Tumlingtar, c. 1,800', evergreen shrubs bordering dry 
stream beds, 14, 23.xii.i96i, 3 $ (R. L. Coe} ; 2 miles SW. of UHeri, 6,000-7,000', 
T.8.V.I954, i <$ (J. Quintan) ; Ghanpokhara, 5,500-7,000', 2. v. 1954, 2 ^ (/. Quintan). 
This species resembles E. metatarsata Bezzi (1904 : 348) from Colombo, in having 
two black marks on the otherwise reddish yellow thorax and in the long slender hind 
metatarsi. However, Bezzi's species is a little longer, has round thoracic spots, a 
tooth and bristle at the base of the hind metatarsus and the halteres have dark 
knobs. Bezzi's type, a unique female, was in the Hungarian Museum, Budapest, but 
is now destroyed. 
D. (E.} sanguensis is also very similar to the only known Palaearctic species, 
E. ephippiata Fallen, but in that species the sternopleurae are reddish yellow, the 
scutellum and metanotum are black, the hind metatarsus is thicker, and the hypo- 
pygium (vide Collin, 1961 : 41, fig. 16) is quite different. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 71 
This species closely resembles D. (E.) binotata Meijere, of which I have seen the 
type ?, but that species has no black markings on the pleurae. 
Drapetis (Elaphropeza) ukhalo sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 3) 
<J. Head yellow and dusted yellowish except for dull blackish frons and ocellar triangle. 
Frons at widest point, above barely wider than an ocellus and about half this width below. 
Eyes contiguous below antennae. Ocellar bristles weak, crossing, with a pair of tiny hairs behind. 
Vertical bristles weak, the inner pair hardly distinguishable from the other pale hairs on the 
occiput. Antennae with first and second segments yellow ; third segment black, elongate, 
about four times as long as broad at base ; arista black, pubescent, and only slightly longer than 
third antennal segment. Proboscis short, brownish. Palpi short, yellow and with yellow hairs. 
Thorax shining reddish yellow. Acrostichal hairs quadriserial ; dorsocentrals uniserial, 
hairlike except for a strong prescutellar bristle. A strong notopleural with two weaker bristles 
below and a weak postalar. Pleurae reddish yellow except for black hypopleurae. Scutellum 
black with corners yellow and with a pair of strong apical bristles and weak outer pair. 
Abdomen pale yellow except for blackish middle segment and hypopygium. 
Legs completely yellow. Femora thickened. Middle femora with preapical anterior bristle 
distinct and with tiny black points ventrally, which are multiserial on basal half, but become 
uniserial distally. Hind femora with short but distinct anteroventral bristles, those towards 
tip of femur are blackish. Hind tibiae somewhat thickened, with two strong anterodorsal 
bristles, which are closer to each other than either is from the ends of the tibia ; apical process 
broad and short. Hind basitarsus with at least one short, but distinct, bristle below. 
Wings clear, veins yellow. Third section of costal vein i times length of second section. 
Halteres yellow. 
$ unknown. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, river banks below Tamrang Bridge, 
c- 5,5oo', x-xi.i96i (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed plants by 
damp cliff in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', i-ii. 1962, 2 $ (R. L. Coe} ; Taplejung District, 
Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by stream in gully, xi. 1961-1.1962, I (R. L. 
Coe). 
This species resembles E. metatarsata Bezzi (1904 : 348) from Ceylon, and E. 
variegata Brunetti (1913 : 42) from India, in having a yellow abdomen with the middle 
segment black, but in both these species the head is black. E. xanthocephala Bezzi 
(1912 : 488) from Formosa is also similar and has a yellow head, but the metapleurae 
and the knobs of the halteres are black. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " up-hill ". 
Subgenus CROSSOPALPUS Bigot 
Crossopalpus Bigot, 1857, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 5 : 563. 
Eudrapetis Melander, 1918, Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 11 : 187. 
Brunetti (1920:380) regarded Crossopalpus as a synonym of Drapetis, but none of 
the Indian species included by him under Drapetis appear to be referable to Crosso- 
?2 K. G. V. SMITH 
Collin (1960 : 387), in a discussion of the C. aenescens Wiedemann complex, 
described C. hirtipes from Southern India. 
The subgenus is world- wide in distribution. One species is now described from 
Nepal. 
Drapetis (Crossopalpus) kholsa sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 4) 
?. Head black, heavily dusted grey, but shining on narrow postocular margins on upper half, 
and about mouth. Wide jowls below eyes. Frons about twice width of an ocellus above, 
narrowing to width of an ocellus below. Face very narrow, eyes closest together just below half 
way down from antennae, then face widening above mouth. An erect pair of divergent ocellar 
bristles, but no vertical bristles. Occiput with only a few extremely short hairs. Antennae with 
first and second segments yellow, second segment with a strong bristle beneath, third segment 
black, about as long as first and second segments together and with some distinct hairs below on 
distal half. Arista black, nearly 3 times antennal length. Proboscis short, brown. Palpi small, 
rounded and blackish. 
Thorax black, lightly dusted but subshining and clothed with short pale hairs. A distinct 
prescutellar dorsocentral, two notopleurals and a postalar. Pleurae shining black except for a 
thin line of dust from middle coxa up to join dusted area at base of halteres, and thin bands of 
dust around all coxae. Scutellum black, dusted yellowish with a pair of strong marginal bristles 
with a tiny pair between and another tiny pair outside. 
Abdomen with basal segment shining black and bare, remaining segments brownish, shining on 
disc, but dusted around margins and short haired. 
Legs yellowish. Front and middle tibiae and all tarsi more brownish. Front femora slightly 
swollen. Anterior preapical bristle more or less distinct on all femora. Front and middle tibiae 
with antero- and postero ventral apical bristles. Hind tibiae with large apical process and a 
short apical anterior bristle. 
Wings clear, veins brownish except for crossvein r-m and basal section of vein M. Vein Rs 
very short, second costal section a little longer than third section. Veins J? 4+5 and M distinctly 
bent towards each other distally. Halteres yellow. 
cJ unknown. 
Length 2 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Arun Valley, east shore of River Arun below Tumlingtar, 
c. i, 800', evergreen shrubs bordering dry stream bed, 14-23. xii. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype : $, same data as Holotype. 
This species resembles the Palaearctic species D. (C.) minima Meigen (1838 : 100) 
and Z). (C.) humilis Frey (1913 : 69) in having no anterodorsal bristles on the hind 
tibia. The longer arista and paler legs put this species closer to D. (C.) humilis, but 
D. (C.) kholsa is distinguished from both species by the longer wing, the equally 
convergent J? 4+5 and M, and r-m being nearer the middle of the cell M. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " valley ". 
ST/LPONLoew 
Stilpon Loew, 1859, Neue Beitr. Kenntn. Dipt. 6 : 34. 
This genus has five, possibly seven (Smith, 1965) known Palaearctic species and is 
otherwise only recorded from the United States of America and South Africa. 
One species is now described from Nepal. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
73 
FIGS. 5-6. Stilpon divergens sp. n. 5, <J hypopygium showing enlarged details of epan- 
drium and cerci ; 6, <fj wing. 
74 K. G. V. SMITH 
Stilpon divergens sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 5, 6) 
cJ. Head black, heavily dusted greyish. Frons about 3 times width of an ocellus, eyes 
contiguous below antennae. A pair of tiny, slightly convergent ocellar bristles with two pairs 
of tiny bristles behind. A pair of short crossing vertical bristles. Occiput with sparse short hairs 
above and a few longer pale bristly hairs behind mouth. Antennae with first and second seg- 
ments yellow, second segment with 2 strong bristles below, one short, one long ; third segment 
black, extremely short, shorter than second segment and with a few longish hairs at tip. Arista 
black, subapical, 3 times antennal length and pubescent. Proboscis brown, about one-third head 
height. Palpi short, yellow and with a strong black apical bristle. 
Thorax black, dusted greyish. Disc of thorax with about 6 rows of short brownish bristly 
hairs. A distinct humeral, a tiny posthumeral, a distinct notopleural and a distinct postalar. 
Pleurae black, dusted greyish. Scutellum black, dusted greyish with a pair of fairly strong 
convergent apical bristles. 
Abdomen pale and fleshy except for the black complex hypopygium. 
Legs (including coxae) yellow except for slightly darkened front tibiae and blackish distal 
three-quarters of hind femora and last tarsal segment of all legs. Front femora strongly swollen 
and with some postero ventral bristles. Middle femora with a strong preapical anterior bristle 
and 3 posteroventral bristles on basal half. Hind femora with a row of short slender antero- 
ventral bristles, two or three of which, towards tip, are longer. Legs otherwise rather short 
haired. 
Wings clouded brownish about veins. Vein R z+3 joining costal vein beyond centre of wing. 
Main veins divergent. Halteres with yellow stem and black knob. 
? similar to male, but terminal abdominal segments laterally compressed ; anal papillae with 
some rather long bristly hairs. 
Length i mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed 
shrubs and plants by damp cliff in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', x-xi. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 4 $, same data as Holotype. 
This species may be distinguished from all Old World species by the long vein 
R z+3 which joins the costal vein beyond the middle of the wing and by the distinctive 
genitalia. 
SICODUS Rafinesque 
Sicodus Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, 130. 
Tachista Loew, 1864, Z. Ent. 17 : 15. 
This genus is mainly a Palaearctic one, but also occurs in Africa, Formosa and 
North America. Brunetti (1920 : 375-376) described Tachydromia latifascipennis 
from India, but I have studied specimens in the British Museum determined by 
Brunetti and they clearly belong to Sicodus. Only one species was taken on the 
Nepal Expeditions, represented by a damaged female, belonging to the 5. annuli- 
manus Mg.-S. calceana Mg. group. 
Sicodus sp. 
Shining black species, dusted about neck and on scutellum, thoracic bristle strong. Legs 
with coxae yellow ; front femora yellow ; middle and hind femora black ; all tibiae blackish ; 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 75 
tarsi yellow except for darkened last two segments. Wings with the two dark transverse 
bands broadly joined along anterior edge. 
NEPAL : Arun Valley, below Tumlingtar, River Sabhaya, west shore, c. 1,800', 
evergreen shrubs on sandy shore, 9-17. xii. 1961, I $ (R. L. Coe). 
TACHYDROMIA Meigen 
Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 in Illiger, Mag. Ins. 2 : 269. 
Platypalpus Macquart, 1827, Mem. Soc. Sci. Lille, 3 : 92. 
Howlettia Brunetti, 1913, Rec. Ind. Mas. 9: 23 
Tachydromia is almost world- wide in distribution, but is best represented in the 
northern temperate regions. T. nepalensis (Brunetti) has previously been described 
from Nepal (Brunetti, 1913, 1920) and 7 new species are now described. 
KEY TO NEPALESE SPECIES OF Tachydromia 
1 Large (4-0 mm.) species with very long palpi (Text-fig. 7) brunettii (Melander) 
Smaller (2-0 mm.) species with smaller palpi ...... 2 
2 (i) Thorax black ............ 3 
Thorax partly yellow .......... 7 
3 (2) Costa intensely blackened for basal 2/3 between end of vein R 1 and end of vein 
R z+3 (Text-fig. 10) . . ... 4 
Costa not as above ........... 5 
4 (3) Antennae black. Tibiae black, front and middle femora with a black band. 
Male genitalia large ......... tapa sp. n. 
First and second antennal segments yellow. Legs yellow. Male genitalia 
small ........... sanguensissp. n. 
5 (3) Middle and hind femora black on apical half and all tibiae blackish . shealsi sp. n. 
Legs with less extensive black markings ....... 6 
6 (5) Legs of male yellow ....... taplejungensis sp. n. 
Front and hind femora blackish above at tip. Middle femora brownish on 
anterior face .......... kosi sp. n. 
7 (2) Thorax reddish yellow with a black median stripe which broadens posteriorly to 
include whole of scutellum ....... quinlani sp. n. 
Thorax without a black median stripe ....... 8 
8 (7) Thorax entirely reddish yellow, scutellum black .... narangi sp. n. 
Thorax with a short black streak above each wing, apparently joined behind by 
an irregular blackish mark, scutellum yellow . . . nepalensis Brunetti 
Tachydromia brunettii (Melander) 
(Text-fig. 7) 
(Platypalpus brunettii Melander, 1927, Gen. Ins. 185 : 349 [n.n. for H. flavipes Brunetti ; 1913 : 23] 
$. Head black, completely and heavily dusted greyish except for shining frons and face. 
Frons twice ocellar width at level of front ocellus, narrowing to ocellar width below. Face about 
as wide as an ocellus. Occiput rather densely pale haired above and with long pale bristly hairs 
below. A pair of widely divergent ocellar bristles and two pairs of small vertical bristles. 
Antennae dark brownish ; first segment longer than second segment and third segment short, 
hardly as long as first and second segments together and hairy. Arista black, long, about 2 
times antennal length and obviously pubescent. Proboscis about half head height, brownish. 
Palpi yellow and very large, with fine pale hairs. 
7 6 K. G. V. SMITH 
Thorax black, only lightly dusted and subshining on disc, but heavily and broadly dusted 
around margins, over humeri and on a triangle behind humeri. Thorax with even short pale 
pubescence ; a slender prescutellar dorsocentral ; two notopleurals, upper one stronger ; a 
weak postalar. Pleurae black, densely dusted greyish, but sternopleurae shining black except 
for upper hind corner. Scutellum black, dusted greyish, with a pair of crossing apical bristles 
and a weak outer pair of hairs. 
Abdomen tergites black, sternites pale brownish ; clothed with sparse pale hairs. 
Legs (including coxae) yellow, except for last four tarsal segments of all legs which are 
darkened. Front femora slightly swollen. Middle femora strongly swollen with two ventral 
rows of short black spines and a posteroventral row of bristles. Hind tibiae distinctly curved. 
Legs short haired without outstanding bristles other than those described on middle femora. 
Wings clear, veins brown. Veins JR 4+5 and M very gently convergent distally. Haltcres 
yellow. 
<J unknown. 
Length 4 mm. 
NEPAL : Taplejung District, damp evergreen oak forest above Sangu, c. 8,500', 
2-26. xi. 1961, i $. (R. L. Coe). 
This large species resembles T. orientalis Brunetti (1920 : 378) from Darjiling and 
T. valens Melander (1927 : 366) from Java, but the former has a parallel-sided dusted 
frons and the latter has a linear face and a large tibial spur. Compared with type $, 
Mussoorie, in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 
Tachydromia tapa sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 8) 
$. Head black, dusted greyish except for the shining frons. Frons about twice ocellar width, 
narrowing to slightly more than ocellar width above antennae. Face narrow, only half as wide 
as an ocellus. A pair of divergent ocellar bristles. Occiput pale haired, the hairs on lower part 
longer. Antennae black, third segment elongate, twice length of first and second segments 
together ; arista black, about three-quarters length of third segment. Proboscis black, rather 
slender and a little more than half as long as head is deep. Palpi yellow, about half as long as 
proboscis. 
Thorax : shining black, with sparse microscopic pubescence ; anteriorly the hairs in the outer 
acrostichal series are directed outwards, all other hairs being directed backwards. Heavily dusted 
on a very narrow transverse band in front of scutellum. The only distinct bristles are two noto- 
pleurals, the uppermost being the stronger and a weak prescutellar dorsocentral. Pleurae black, 
dusted greyish, but sternopleuron and mesopleuron largly shining. Scutellum black, dusted 
greyish with a pair of crossing apical bristles and a weaker outer pair. 
Abdomen shining black with sparse short pale hairs and a fringe of longer hairs on the pre- 
genital sternite. Hypopygium large and black, dusted greyish. 
Legs coxae yellow. Front femora yellow. Middle femora only slightly swollen, yellow, with 
a broad black band beyond middle ; hind femora with a black preapical band. All tibiae black, 
more or less yellowish at base ; tarsi black. Front tibiae with very short erect bristles above on 
distal half. 
Wings clear, veins brownish, but second costal section intensely blackened on basal three- 
quarters. Cells R and M of equal length. Veins R t+6 and M gently diverging basally, but 
almost parallel distally. Halteres yellow. 
$ unknown. 
Length 2 mm. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
77 
FIGS. 7-14. Tachydromia spp. T. brunettii (Mel.) 7, head : T. tapa sp. n. 8, $ hypopygium 
showing orientated details of epandrium and cercus : T. sanguensis sp. n. 9 <$ hypo- 
pygium ; 10, wing : T. shealsi sp. n. 11, hypopygium showing details of epandrium ; 
12, wing : T. kosi sp. n. 13, lateral lamella of epandrium of hypopygium : T. taplejun- 
gensis sp. n. 14, hypopygium. 
2 
7 8 K. G. V. SMITH 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, damp evergreen oak forest above Sangu, 
c. 9,200', 2-26. xi. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
This and the following species resemble T. gentilis Brunetti (1920 : 377) from 
Darjiling and Simla, but that species has the scutellum shining black and the costa is 
not darkened on the basal three-quarters. The costal character is reminiscent of the 
European T. stigmatella Zetterstedt, but that is a larger (2 '5-3-0 mm.) species, with 
yellow legs, a shining black head and different genitalia. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " summit " (of hill or mountain). 
Tachydromia sanguensis sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 9, 10) 
cj. Head black, dusted greyish, but frons only lightly so and therefore subshining. Frons 3 
times ocellar width at level of first ocellus, narrowing to about slightly more than ocellar width 
above antennae. Face about half ocellar width. A pair of weak ocellar bristles, shorter than 
in T. tapa. Occiput with short pale pubescence above and longer pale hairs below. Antennae 
with first and second segments yellow ; third segment black, less than twice length of first and 
second segments together ; arista black, a little longer than third antennal segment. Proboscis 
brownish, slender and a little more than half as long as head is deep. Palpi whitish, about half 
as long as proboscis. 
Thorax shining black on disc but greyish dusted around margins and over humeri, especially 
on a prescutellar band about as broad as third antennal segment is deep. Thoracic pubescence 
yellow, short and sparse ; anteriorly, the hairs of the outer acrostichal series are directed out- 
wards, but all other hairs are directed backwards. Bristles yellow. A distinct, though weak, 
notopleural, a similar prescutellar dorsocentral and a very weak postalar. Pleurae black, dusted 
greyish, but mesopleurae and sternopleurae largely shining. Scutellum black, dusted greyish 
with a pair of crossing apicals and a weak outer pair. 
Abdomen shining black with sparse short pale hairs and a fringe of longer hairs on the pre- 
genital sternite. Hypopygium small and black. 
Legs yellow with the last tarsal segment somewhat darkened. Middle femora only slightly 
swollen. Front tibiae without the short erect bristles above which are present in T. tapa. 
Wings clear, veins brownish, but second costal section intensely blackened as in T. tapa. 
Venation otherwise resembling that species, but wings longer. Halteres pale yellow. 
?. Similar to male, except for abdominal terminalia. 
Length 1-5 mm. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by 
stream in gully, xi. 1961-1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 3 $, same data as Holotype ; Taplejung District, edge of mixed forest 
above Sangu, c. 6,500', I7.x-i.xi.i96i, i $ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung District, between 
Sangu and Tamrang, mixed plants in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', 22. xi. 1961, i $ 
(R. L. Coe). 
Tachydromia shealsi sp. n. 
(Text-figs, n, 12) 
(J. Head black, dusted greyish. Frons nearly twice ocellar width at level of first ocellus. 
Face linear, broadening above mouth, silvery. Ocellar bristle divergent. Two pairs of vertical 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 79 
bristles. Occiput medium haired above, with longer pale hairs below. Antennae with first and 
second segments yellow ; third segment black, short and hairy apically below ; arista sub-apical, 
black and a little longer than antenna. Proboscis shining black and a little more than half head 
height. Palpi short, black and with a strong bristle at tip. 
Thorax black, lightly dusted greyish, bristles and hairs yellow. Acrostichal bristles quadri- 
serial. Only one strong posterior dorsocentral with a few biserial hairs in front of it. A weak 
humeral ; two notopleural bristles, lower one weaker ; a weak postalar and some bristly hairs 
between the dorsocentrals and the notopleurals. Pleurae black lightly dusted greyish, but 
sternopleurae largely shining. Scutellum black, heavily dusted greyish and with two crossing 
apical bristles. 
Abdomen shining black with a narrow band of dust across the anterior margin of each tergite, 
sparsely haired. Hypopygium black, dusted greyish. 
Legs with coxae yellow ; front femora yellow except for a blackish patch above at tip ; 
middle and hind femora yellow on a little less than basal half, remainder black ; middle femora 
hardly swollen ; all tibiae blackish ; all tarsi with first two segments yellow, remainder black. 
Hairs of medium length, but no outstanding bristles except for the short posteroventrals on 
middle femora. 
Wings clear, veins brownish. Second costal section thickened on basal half. Veins R t+& and 
M gently convergent distally. 
unknown. 
Length 2 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by 
stream in gully, xi. 1961-1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 2 ^, same data as Holotype ; Taplejung District, Sangu, spray-splashed 
rocks in shallow ravine, c. 6,200', 13.1.1962, i <$ (R. L. Coe). 
This, and the following species, are similar to the Javanese T. macuhfemur Meijere 
(1914 : 78) and T. maculifemoratus Melander (1927 : 358), but the former has a patch 
of dust on each side of the thorax in front of the posterior callus, brown legs and the 
middle femora without blackish marks, while the latter has blackish marks on only the 
middle legs. 
Tachydromia kosi sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 13) 
cJ. Very similar to T. shealsi, but differing as follows : Antennae completely black ; arista 
apical and about i times antennal length ; palpi smaller. Hypopygium very similar, but the 
slender lateral lamella is of a different shape. Front femora as in T. shealsi with an apical black 
spot above but middle femora moderately swollen and only obscurely blackish on anterior and 
posterior faces with the tips, base, dorsal and ventral surfaces yellow ; hind femora obscurely 
blackish on anterior and posterior faces for distal half, and black above at tip ; all tibiae yellow 
but anterior tibiae vaguely darkened about middle ; tarsi with last three segments darkened. 
Wings with basal half of second costal section not so obviously thickened and with veins jR 4+5 
and M parallel distally. 
$ unknown. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, river banks below Tamrang Bridge, 
55oo', x-xi.i96i (R. L. Coe). 
The specific name means " river ". 
80 K. G. V. SMITH 
Tachydromia taplejungensis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 14) 
o*. Head black, dusted greyish, irons about twice ocellar width, face a little wider than an 
ocellus. A pair of divergent ocellar bristles and a pair of incurved vertical bristles. Occiput 
with short pale hairs above and longer pale bristly hairs below. Antennae black, third segment 
about i times length of first and second segments together. Arista black and only slightly 
longer than antenna. Proboscis black, about three-quarters head height. Palpi yellow and 
very small with a bristle at tip. 
Thorax black, humeri and postalar calli brownish, only microscopically dusted on disc, hence 
subshining but more heavily dusted around margins. No distinct acrostichals as the thorax is 
clothed with short fine even pubescence. One distinct prescutellar dorsocentral. A tiny 
humeral ; two notopleurals, upper one stronger and a weak postalar. Pleurae black, dusted 
greyish, but sternopleurae largely shining except for dusted upper margin. Scutellum black, 
dusted greyish with a pair of crossing apical bristles. 
Abdomen blackish, short haired, but hypopygium with longer hairs and the epandrium with a 
long slender sickle-shaped process above. 
Legs yellow, short haired ; middle femora swollen, with two rows of short black spines beneath 
and a row of short posteroventral bristles, otherwise legs without strong bristles. 
Wings clear with veins brown. Veins R t+& and M parallel distally. Halteres yellow. 
$ unknown. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by 
stream in gully, xi. 1961-1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype : <$, Taplejung District, below Sangu, edge of small mixed wood, c. 6,000', 
4.xi.i96i (R. L. Coe}. 
Similar to T. gentilis Brunetti, but that species has the scutellum shining black 
and the antennae brownish yellow. 
Tachydromia narangi sp. n. 
$. Head black, heavily dusted greyish. Frons about twice ocellar width and face hardly as 
wide as an ocellus. A pair of slightly divergent ocellar bristles and two pairs of vertical bristles. 
Occiput with a few short pale hairs above and some longer pale bristly hairs below. Antennae 
yellow, third segment short and rounded, only as long as first and second antennal segments 
together. Arista black and twice antennal length. Proboscis yellow with a brown tip, about 
half head height. Palpi yellow, short. 
Thorax orange-yellow, shining on disc, but narrowly dusted at sides and on humeri. Acro- 
stichals irregularly biserial ; dorsocentrals uniserial, longer posteriorly with a strong prescutellar ; 
a strong notopleural with a much weaker bristle and a few hairs below ; a very strong postalar 
bristle present. Pleurae orange-yellow but yellowish dusted except for sternopleural spot ; also 
there is a narrow black streak down the hind margin of the sternopleuron. Scutellum black, 
lightly dusted, with a strong pair of crossing apical bristles and a very weak pair of outer hairs. 
Mesonotum black. 
Abdomen with first four segments black, only lightly dusted and thus subshining ; the last 
segment is also dark, but rather heavily dusted ; remaining segment and anal papillae yellow. 
Legs (including coxae) yellow except for last tarsal segment on all legs. Front femora slightly 
swollen ; middle femora strongly swollen with two rows of black ventral spines and a postero- 
ventral row of bristles which are long and strong on basal half. Hind femora slender, with a 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 81 
ventral row of minute spaced points. Middle tibiae with an apical process as long as tibia is 
broad at tip, rounded apically. 
Wings clear, veins yellow. Veins R l+5 and M very slightly convergent distally. Halteres 
yellow. 
<J unknown. 
Length 2 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Ghanpokhara, 5,500-7,000', 2. v. 1954 (/. Qumlari). 
This species resembles T. nepalensis Brunetti, but in that species there is a short 
black streak above each wing and the scutellum is ferrugineous. 
The specific name means " orange ". 
Tachydromia quinlani sp. n. 
$. Resembling T. narangi, but differing as follows : Arista shorter, hardly i times antennal 
length. Thorax with a wide black median stripe, which widens posteriorly to equal width of the 
black scutellum and metanotum ; the upper notopleural and the postalar bristles are strong, but 
the prescutellar dorsocentral is not as strong as usual ; otherwise the thorax is clothed with fine, 
pale, rather long hairs. Abdomen shining blackish with sparse pale hairs. The black spaced 
points on the hind femora are longer and stronger than in T. narangi. 
<J unknown. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : 2 miles SW. of Ulleri, 6,000-7,000', 18 . v . 1954 (/. Quinlan] . 
This species is similar to T.ferruginea Brunetti (1920 : 376), but in that species the 
head is brownish yellow, and there is an abbreviated stripe on each side of the median 
stripe. 
Tachydromia nepalensis Brunetti 
Brevios longicornis Brunetti, 1913, Rec. Indian Mus. 9 : 22. 
Tachydromia nepalensis Brunetti, 1920, Fauna of British India, 1 : 377 [n.n. for B. longicornis 
Brunetti] . 
This species was described from a unique male from Sarath, 24 . ii . 1908, and has not 
been taken since. 
HYBOTINAE 
HYBOS Meigen 
Hybos Meigen, 1803 in Illiger Mag. Ins. 2 : 269 ; 1804, Klass. Z. Ins. 1 : 239. 
This genus is almost world-wide in distribution, but is better represented in the 
Oriental and Austro-oriental regions than in the Palaearctic. Two species are now 
described from Nepal. 
Hybos aimai sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 15, 16) 
$. Head black, dusted greyish. Eyes with upper facets enlarged, contiguous above antennae, 
but separated below antennae by a short broad face which is heavily dusted grey. A pair of 
distinct ocellar bristles and occiput with a postocular fringe of bristly hairs which are bent for- 
ward at tip. Occiput otherwise with short dark hairs and a few pale hairs below. Antennae 
82 
K. G. V. SMITH 
black, third segment about twice as long as broad, arista black and about twice antennal length. 
Proboscis dark brown, directed forwards. Palpi black, not quite as long as proboscis, and with 
some bristles beneath. 
Thorax arched, black, heavily dusted brownish. A weak humeral bristle ; acrostichals 
quadriserial ; dorsocentrals uniserial, ending with a strong bristle on front margin of prescutellar 
depression ; two notopleural bristles, upper one stronger ; a postalar. Pleurae black, dusted 
greyish. Scutellum black, heavily dusted yellowish with a pair of strong black apical bristles 
and two outer pairs of pale hairs. 
Abdomen shining black except for a narrow band of light dust on the anterior margins of 
tergites with sparse short dark hairs above and longer pale hairs laterally. Terminalia with a 
tuft of bristly hairs and a pair of upright anal papillae. 
Legs shining black. Front and middle femora with pale slender posteroventral bristles. Hind 
femora with a black slender, anterodorsal bristle at middle and another at distal three-quarters ; 
pale slender posteroventral bristles, longer on distal half ; a row of short but strong black antero- 
ventral bristles and a ventral row of short black tuberculate spines. Front tibiae with a short 
anterodorsal bristle, a long anterodorsal apical bristle, other apical bristles short. Middle tibiae 
with a very long anteroventral apical bristle, other apical bristles shorter ; an anterodorsal 
bristle at middle and another near base. Hind tibiae with a very slender dorsal bristle near tip. 
Tarsi longer and sparser haired above, short and thicker haired below, without bristles. 
Wings clear with a long faint stigma. Halteres yellow. 
cJ unknown. 
Length 3-5 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, c. 5,500', 
open ground by hill stream, 20-23. x. 1961 (^- L. Coe). 
17 |8 
FIGS. 15-18. Hybos spp. H. aimai sp. n. 15, $ terminalia ; 16, wing : H. bhainse sp. n. 
J 7. <? hypopygium ; 18. wing. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 83 
Paratypes : Taplejimg District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed shrubs in deep 
gorge, c. 5,200', x-xi.i96i, 2 $ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung District between Sangu and 
Tamrang, mossy ground under bush by hill stream, 20. x. 1961, c. 5,500', I $ (R. L. 
Coe). 
This species most resembles H. nigronitidus Brunetti (1920 : 342) from India, but 
in that species the thorax is shining black. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " woman ". 
Hybos bhainse sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 17, 18) 
cJ. Head black, dusted brownish. Eyes with upper facets slightly enlarged, contiguous 
above antennae, face linear. Ocellar bristles divergent. Occiput with black bristly hairs. 
Antennae black, third segment a little longer than first and second segments together ; arista 
black, about 3 times antennal length. Proboscis short, black, palpi black. 
Thorax arched, black, dusted brownish but subshining on disc and humeri. Two humeral 
bristles, two notopleural bristles, upper one stronger ; acrostichals biserial, dorsocentrals 
uniserial ending with a strong bristle at front margin of prescutellar depression ; a postalar. 
Scutellum shining black on disc, dusted brownish around margins with a pair of divergent apical 
bristles and two pairs of weak outer hairs. Pleurae black, dusted brownish. 
Abdomen shining black with short dark hairs above and longer pale hairs at sides. Hypo- 
pygium black. 
Legs black with all metatarsi and second tarsal segments of front and middle legs yellow. 
Front and middle femora without distinct bristles. Hind femora with strong tuberculate spines 
ventrally, irregularly biserial on basal half, but uniserial distally. Front tibiae short haired 
anteriorly, long haired posteriorly ; with the posteroventral the longest of the circlet of slender 
preapical bristles. Middle tibiae with distinct anterodorsal bristles and a long slender postero- 
ventral preapical bristle. Hind tibiae with distinct anterodorsal bristles and a long slender 
posterodorsal preapical. Front and middle tarsi with circlets of long bristly hairs ; hind tarsi 
with short bristly hairs above. 
Wings somewhat brownish tinged, stigma short, squarish and dark. Halteres black. 
$. Similar to male, but hind femora more slender and abdomen terminating in two bristly 
papillae. 
Length 3 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, above Sangu, c. 6,500', evergreen scrub, 
5-13. x. 1961 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype : $, Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by stream in 
gully, ix.x-i96i (R. L. Coe). 
This species resembles H . geniculatus Wulp (1897 : 137) from Ceylon in having the 
legs partly yellow, but that species has whitish halteres. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " buffalo ". 
STENOPROCTUS Loew 
Stenoproctus Loew, 1858, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Fork., Stockh. 15 : 340. 
Stenoproctus Loew ; Loew, 1860, Abh. naturw. Ver. Sachsen 2 : 261. 
Acanthopeza Becker, 1914, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 83 : 122. 
This genus has previously only been recorded from the Ethiopian region. The type 
84 K. G. V. SMITH 
species, S. unipunctatus Loew, was described from the Cape of Good Hope. Becker 
(1914) described a second species, 5. sylvaticus (under Acanthopeza) from East Africa 
and Jones (1940) described three species from the Ruwenzori region. I refer one 
species from Nepal to this genus, although the hind femora are simple and slender, 
in this feature resembling an undescribed species I have seen from Africa. When 
males are known, it may be advisable to erect a new genus for this and the African 
species. 
Stenoproctus nepalensis sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 19) 
?. Head black, heavily dusted greyish. Eyes contiguous above antennae, face about as 
broad as third antennal segment is deep. Slender ocellar bristles, curved forwards and slightly 
divergent. Occiput with sparse pale hairs. Antennae black, third segment a litle more than 
twice length of first and second segments together, the apical arista slightly longer than antenna. 
Proboscis short, directed forward. Palpi black. 
Thorax rather high and arched ; black, heavily dusted greyish around broad margin, but disc 
somewhat lighter, brownish dusted. Thoracic pubescence short, sparse and pale, except for a 
notopleural bristle, a dorsocentral at anterior corner of prescutellar depression, and a weak 
postalar. Pleurae black, dusted greyish. Scutellum black, dusted yellowish with 4 equally 
strong marginal bristles and several pale hairs. 
FIG. 19. Stenoproctus nepalensis sp. n. $ wing. 
Abdomen brownish, dulled by yellowish dust and with short sparse pale hairs. 
Legs slender, pale brown, but hind tibiae and all tarsi dark brown. Frpnt and middle femora 
with short slender postero ventral bristles, short haired above ; hind femora slender with 
additional longer posteroventral bristles on distal half, a weak series of anteroventral bristles 
with a few longer curved bristles at tip and with some upright bristly hairs above on basal half. 
Front tibiae with rather long bristly hairs and a long anterodorsal subapical bristle and a similar 
posteroventral bristle. Middle tibiae with a long brown anterodorsal bristle at basal quarter, a 
shorter pale anteroventral bristle at middle and a slender apical bristle in the antero- and 
posteroventral positions. Hind tibiae with a strong brown anterodorsal bristle at basal third, 
and some slender posterodorsal bristly hairs which become longer towards tip ; two slender pale 
anteroventral bristles about middle and with rather short dense hairs below on distal third. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 85 
Wings clear, veins dark brown. Cell Cu square ended and much shorter than cell M. Vein 
i A continued to wring margin. Rs (the common stem of R 2+3 and -R 4+5 ) long. A distinct brownish 
stigma below tip of vein R v Axillary angle well developed. Halteres yellow. 
(J unknown. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Arun Valley, below Tumlingtar, River Sabhaya, west shore, 
c. 1,800', dead leaves lying in sun on sandy shore, 22.xii.i96i (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype: $, same data as Holotype. 
This species is distinguished at once from all described species by the slender simple 
hind femora. 
OGYDROMIINAE 
BICELLARIA Macquart 
Bicellaria Macquart, 1823, Mim. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1819-22 : 155. 
Cyrtoma Meigen, 1824, Syst. Beschr. 4 : i. 
Enicopteryx Stephens, 1829, Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins. 2 : 264. 
This genus is known only from the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. One species 
has been taken in Nepal which is very close to the Palaearctic B. vana Collin, but 
since this is represented by only a damaged male I am reluctant to comment further 
until more material is available. 
Bicellaria sp. 
NEPAL : Ghanpokhara, 5,500-7,000', 2. v. 1954, i $ (J. Quintan}. 
EMPIDINAE 
HILARA Meigen 
Hilara Meigen, 1882, Syst. Beschr. 3 : i. 
This genus is almost world-wide in distribution with a large number of described 
species. Unfortunately, many descriptions are inadequate, which has made taxo- 
nomic studies difficult. It is essential that the male genitalia be dissected and 
studied in detail and illustrated in descriptions. 
Three species are now described from Nepal and are distinguished from other 
Himalayan species by the following key. At least another 4 species are represented 
by females only and are thus not described. 
KEY TO KNOWN HIMALAYAN SPECIES OF Hilara 
1 Wings brownish tinged ........... 2 
Wings clear .......... 4 
2 (i) Thorax light yellowish brown with 3 black stripes . . . rufithorax Brunetti 
Thorax brownish or blackish ......... 3 
3 (2) Blackish species. Middle femora with a long slender ventral bristle near base 
bhiga sp. n. 
Brownish species. Middle femora without such a bristle . . bares Walker 
86 K. G. V. SMITH 
4 (i) Halteres brownish yellow . . . . '. . . compacta Brunetti 
Halteres black . . . . . . . . . . . 5 
5 (4) Acrostichal bristles biserial ........ gila sp. n. 
Acrostichal bristles quadriserial . . . . . . . . . 6 
6 (5) Legs brown. Front basitarsus of $ greatly swollen . peshawarensis Brunetti 
Legs yellow, except for brownish tarsi. Front basitarsus of $ moderately 
swollen .......... khola sp. n. 
Hilara gila sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 20-23) 
(J. Head black, heavily dusted brownish grey. A pair of frontal bristles and a strong pair of 
widely divergent ocellar bristles. Some long postocular bristly hairs curved forward over eye- 
margins on upper half of head. Antennae black, style about two-thirds length of third segment. 
Proboscis black. Palpi black, with a long black ventral bristle. 
Thorax black, heavily dusted brownish grey. A small humeral, intrahumeral and post- 
humeral present. Acrostichals rather short, biserial ; dorsocentrals a little longer, uniserial and 
ending in a longer prescutellar bristle. A notopleural with a short bristle in front and another 
behind, a supra-alar and a postalar present. Pleurae bare, brownish grey dusted. Scutellum 
greyish dusted with two pairs of marginal bristles, outer pair weaker. 
Abdomen blackish, dusted brownish grey, rather short haired. Hypopygium dusted brownish 
grey. 
Legs dark brown, first tarsal segment of front leg moderately swollen, otherwise legs slender. 
Mainly short haired, but middle and hind femora with slender anteroventral bristly hairs and 
hind tibiae with some longer posterodorsal bristly hairs. Front tibiae with weak antero- and 
posterodorsal preapical hairs. 
Wings greyish with blackish veins. Stigma pale brownish. Vein lA very faint. Halteres 
black. 
$. Similar to male, but front metatarsi simple and abdomen terminating in a pair of papillae. 
Length 2-25 mm. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taptejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, wet boulder 
permanently shaded in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', 14.11.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes: 17 <, 5 $, same data as Holotype. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " wet ". 
Hilara bhiga sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 24-27) 
<. Head black, heavily dusted brownish grey. A pair of frontal bristles and a pair of widely 
divergent ocellar bristles. The longer upper postocular bristles are not strongly curved forward 
over eye margins as in H. gila. Antennae black and resembling H. gila in proportions. Palpi 
yellow with a long ventral bristle. 
Thorax black, brownish dusted, but viewed from in front with a narrow black stripe on each 
side between acrostichals and dorsocentrals, a fairly long bristle on each side of prothoracic 
collar, a humeral, a posthumeral, a long intrahumeral and a strong notopleural with a shorter 
bristle in front and another behind. Acrostichals quadriserial, but a little irregular ; dorso- 
centrals uniserial ending in a longer prescutellar bristle. A supra-alar and a long postalar 
present. Pleurae heavily dusted brownish grey. Scutellum dusted brownish grey with 4 
marginal bristles, outer pair weaker. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
23 
FIGS. 20-23. Hilara gila sp. n. 20, wing ; 21, epandrium and cerci (anterior view) ; 22, 
aedeagus ; 23, basistylus. 
88 
K. G. V. SMITH 
Abdomen black, dusted brownish grey, rather short haired, but with longer bristly hairs on 
hind margins of segments. Hypopygium blackish, dusted brownish. 
Legs slender, except for moderately swollen front metatarsus in male ; front coxae yellowish 
brown, middle and hind coxae brownish grey. Front and middle femora yellowish brown to 
brown, hind femora yellowish brown on basal third, blackish distally. Tibiae brownish, darker 
towards tip, rest of legs blackish. Front femora short haired with some longer bristly hairs 
posterodorsally ; middle femora with long slender anterodorsal bristles, a long slender ventral 
bristle near base and slender posteroventral bristles on distal half ; hind femora short haired 
with some longer antero ventral bristly hairs. Front tibiae with anterodorsal bristles and a 
circlet of preapical bristles ; middle tibiae with one or two anteroventral bristles and a postero- 
ventral bristle just beyond middle ; hind tibiae with some spaced anterodorsal, anteroventral 
and posterodorsal bristles. Tarsi with one or two bristly hairs above towards tip on first and 
second segments. 
Wings distinctly brownish tinged with an elongate dark brown stigma and dark veins. Vein 
i A distinct almost to wing margin. Halteres black. 
$ ? unknown (see below). 
Length 2-75-3 mm. 
FIGS. 24-27. Hilara bhiga sp. n. 
24, wing ; 25, aedeagus ; 26, left cercus (anterior view) 
27, basistylus. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
89 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, wet boul- 
der permanently shaded in deep river gorge, c. 5,200', 14.^.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 2 <J, same data as Holotype. 
A female (same data) may belong to this species, but is not included in the type 
series ; it has yellow legs and the hind tibiae are somewhat swollen distally. 
In Frey's (1952) key to East Asian Empididae this and the following species run to 
H. fistulipes Frey, but that species has black palpi. 
The specific name is another Nepalese word meaning " wet ". 
Hilara khola sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 28-30) 
<J. Head blackish, dusted greyish. Chaetotaxy as in the previous two species, but as in H. 
bhiga the postocular occipital bristly hairs do not curve forward over eye margins. Antennae 
black. Palpi yellow with a long ventral bristle. 
Thorax black, but heavily dusted brownish to greyish and, viewed from in front, with a narrow 
stripe on each side between the acrostichal and dorsocentral rows of bristles. Prothoracic collar 
with a distinct bristle on each side. A humeral, intrahumeral and posthumeral bristles present. 
Acrostichals quadriserial, dorsocentrals uniserial, about the same length as acrostichals but 
ending in a longer prescutellar bristle. A notopleural bristle with a shorter bristle in front but a 
bristle of almost equal length behind, a supra-alar and a postalar. Pleurae black but heavily 
dusted brownish. Scutellum completely brownish dusted and with 4 marginal bristles, outer pair 
weaker. 
Abdomen blackish, heavily dusted dark grey with short black hairs and some longer lateral 
bristly hairs. Hypopygium dusted greyish. 
Legs yellow with last 4 tarsal segments of all legs dark brown. Front metatarsus moderately 
swollen. Middle femora with distinct anterodorsal bristles ; hind femora with weak antero- 
dorsal and anteroventral bristles. Middle tibiae with a short antero ventral bristle at distal 
28 
FIGS. 28-30. Hilara khola sp. n. 
28, aedeagus ; 29, epandrium and cerci (anterior view) 
30, basistylus. 
90 K.G.V. SMITH 
three-quarters. Hind tibiae with some short anteroventral bristles and a weak posterodorsal 
at middle. Legs otherwise moderately short haired. 
Wings clear with brown veins. Stigma faint, vein lA faint. Halteres black. 
$ unknown. 
Length 2 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 3,500', shady places on 
shrubby slope above River Tamur, 21-27.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " river ". 
HEMERODROMIINAE 
Hemerodromia Meigen 
Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822, Syst. Beschr. 3 : 61. 
Microdromia Bigot, 1857, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 3 : 557, 563. 
A genus of world-wide distribution. Brunetti (1913 : 33) described H. dorsalis 
from India (as Chelipoda) and four species are now described from Nepal. 
KEY TO NEPALESE SPECIES OF Hemerodromia 
1 Thorax completely reddish yellow. Scutellum yellow .... pila sp. n. 
Thorax mostly black. Scutellum entirely black ...... 2 
2 (i) Halteres with knobs black. Thorax completely black. Antennae yellow 
serpa sp. n. 
Halteres yellow Thorax partly reddish yellow. Antennae whitish ... 3 
3 (2) Pleurae and sides of metanotum reddish yellow .... chita sp. n. 
Thorax, including pleurae, black, except for reddish yellow patch over humeri 
lornri sp. n. 
Hemerodromia chita sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 31, 32) 
cJ. Head black, dusted greyish, but silvery behind eyes on lower half. Frons slightly wider than 
third antennal segment is deep. Face linear about middle, widening beneath antennae and above 
mouth and with some white hairs. Occiput with pale bristly hairs, cheeks with close set silvery 
hairs. A weak pair of yellow ocellar bristles. Antennae whitish ; third segment pointed, a 
little longer than first and second segments together and with distinct hairs above and below on 
distal half. Proboscis yellow. Palpi yellowish with pale hairs. 
Thorax broadly black, lightly dusted on a median stripe which widens to width of scutellum 
posteriorly ; reddish yellow laterally on prothoracic collar, over humeri and laterally to wing 
base, bristles pale. Acrostichal bristles very short, biserial ; dorsocentrals minute, uniserial. A 
single distinct notopleural bristle with a row of about 6 bristly hairs below. Pleurae yellow and 
yellowish dusted. Scutellum black, yellowish dusted, with a pair of weak apical bristles. 
Abdomen black distally, yellow ventrally with pregenital segment completely yellow. Hypo- 
pygium black, basistylus with some broad flattened bristles at tip. 
Legs completely yellow. Front legs of usual Hemerodromiid type with elongate coxae and 
swollen femora. Front femora with a double row of black points below and a row each of 
brownish antero- and posteroventral bristles. Middle and hind femora slender and without 
outstanding bristles. Front tibiae with a row of ventral bristles and a strong ventral apical 
bristle. Legs otherwise simple, without outstanding bristles. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 91 
Wings clear, veins brownish. Section of costa between end of R z+3 and end of upper branch 
of R t+s obviously longer than upper branch of R t+5 . A distinct stump of the lower section of Cu 
present (vein that would close cell Cu if present). Halteres yellow. 
$. Similar to male, but bristles on front femora a little longer and stronger. 
Length 2-75 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by 
stream in gully, xi. 1961^.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 3 ^, 2 $, same data as Holotype. 
This species resembles Brunetti's (1913 : 33) description of H. dorsalis from the 
Western Himalayas, but the hypopygium is not large as in that species. H. orientalis 
Meijere has the thorax more extensively darkened. 
The specific name means " leopard ". 
Hemerodromia pila sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 33, 34) 
cJ. Head similar to H. chita, but only very lightly dusted and proboscis a little smaller and 
more slender. 
Thorax reddish yellow. Acrostichals very short and biserial ; dorsocentrals only a little 
longer and uniserial. The only other distinct bristle is a weak notopleural. Scutellum yellow 
with 4 pairs of weak marginal hairs. Pleurae yellow. 
Abdomen black dorsally, except for yellow pregenital sternites, yellow ventrally. Hypo- 
pygium black. 
Legs completely yellow. The swollen front femora with antero- and posteroventral bristles 
and a double row of black points beneath. Front tibiae with a row of ventral bristles and a 
strong ventral apical bristle. Legs otherwise slender and short haired without outstanding 
bristles. 
Wings clear, with yellow veins. Section of costa between end of R 2+3 and upper branch of 
-^4+5 on ty slightly longer than upper branch of R t+& . No trace of lower section of Cu. Halteres 
yellow. 
$. Resembling male except for abdominal terminalia. 
Length 2-75 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, evergreen trees overhanging 
stream in deep gully, c. 3,500', 30.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype $, same data as Holotype. 
Very similar to the Palaearctic H. oratorio. Fin. but thorax less heavily whitish 
dusted and thus more shining and differing from that species and Collin's (1941) 
allied species H. bifurcata and H. acuminata in structure of genitalia. 
The specific name means " yellow ". 
Hemerodromia serpa sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 35) 
cJ. Head black, brownish dusted, with face and lower half of head broadly silvery behind 
eyes. Frons twice ocellar width. Face linear at middle, the eyes very nearly touching for a 
short distance, with a row of hairs. A pair of weak ocellar bristles. Occiput short haired. 
Antennae yellow, third segment pointed. Proboscis yellow. Palpi short, pale yellow. 
K. G. V. SMITH 
36 
FIGS. 31-37. Hemerodromia spp. H. chita sp. n. 31, wing ; 32, <$ basistylus and 
epandrium ; H. pila sp. n. 33, wing ; 34 $ epandrium : H. serpa sp. n. 35, $ basistylus 
and epandrium : H. lomri sp. n. 36, $ epandrium ; 37, <J basistylus and epandrium. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 93 
Thorax completely black, brownish dusted but subshining. Acrostichal bristles very short, 
biserial, dorsocentrals also very short, but uniserial. A weak notopleural bristle. Pleurae 
black, dusted brownish. Scutellum black, dulled by brownish dust and with 4 weak marginal 
hairs of which the apical pair are slightly longer. 
Abdomen black, dulled by brownish dust. Hypopygium black, part of epandrium resembling a 
snake's head in shape. 
Legs with front femora brownish, otherwise completely yellow. Chaetotaxy resembling H. 
pila, but bristles weaker. 
Wings greyish, veins brown. Section of costa between end of R 2+3 and upper branch of R l+& 
only slightly longer than upper branch of ^4+5. No trace of the lower section of Cu. Halteres 
black, with extreme base of stem yellowish. 
.. Similar to male except for the abdomen, which is very slender apically, the last two 
segments being black and shining with the preceding segment whitish above and below, but 
shining black on a lateral stripe. 
Length 2-25 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, east bank of River Tamur, c. 
3,500', mixed vegetation by stream in deep gully, i-ii.i962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 3 <$, 2 $, same data as Holotype ; Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 
3,500', shady places on shrubby slope above R. Tamur, 21-27.1.1962, 2 <$, i $ 
(R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung District, Dobhan, evergreen trees overhanging stream in 
deep gully, c. 3,500', 30.1.1962, 2 <$, I $ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 
6,200', mixed vegetation by stream in gully, xi. 1961-!. 1962, i $ (R. L. Coe) ; 
Taplejung District, north of Sangu, dry grass above river bank, c. 5,200', 5.1.1962, 
i <$ (R. L. Coe) ; Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, mixed shrubs in 
deep gorge, c. 5,200', x-xi.i96i 2$, (R. L. Coe} ; Arun Valley below Tumlingtar, 
River Sabhaya, west shore, c. 1,800', evergreen shrubs on sandy shore, 9-17. xii. 1961, 
i <? (R. L. Coe}. 
This species is very similar to H. orientalis Meijere (1911 : 330) from Java, but in 
that species the pleurae and venter are yellow, and the upper branch of ^ 4+5 is 
steeper. H. xiphias Bezzi (1914 : 74) from Formosa has the thorax, pleurae, venter 
and halteres black as in H. serpa, but differs from the male type in genital characters. 
Dr. Morge sent a male and two female syntypes and I have designated the male as 
lectotype. 
The specific name means " snake ". 
Hemerodromia lomri sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 36, 37) 
o*. Head black, lightly brownish dusted and silvery behind eyes below. Frons twice ocellar 
width, but eyes touching for a short distance below antennae, so that the silvery face is divided 
into two small triangles. Ocellar bristles and occipital hairs longer than in the three preceding 
species. Antennae whitish, third segment pointed. Proboscis and palpi pale yellow. 
Thorax, humeri and posterior calli yellowish, rest of thorax black, rather dulled by greyish 
dust. Acrostichals short and biserial, dorsocentrals short and uniserial. A distinct notopleural 
bristle with a few short bristly hairs in front. Pleurae black, but vaguely reddish around front 
and hind coxae. Scutellum black, completely dulled by greyish dust and with a pair of apical 
bristles. 
94 K. G. V. SMITH 
Abdomen black, but pale yellowish at sides of first segment and first segment whitish below ; 
short haired at sides, longer haired below especially on pregenital sternites. Hypopygium black. 
Legs pale yellow, chaetotaxy similar to H. serpa. 
Wings clear, veins brownish. Section of costa between end of R 2+3 and upper branch of 
R t+s obviously longer than the upper branch of R i+5 , which is slightly sinuous. No trace of the 
lower section of Cu. Halteres yellow. 
$. Similar to male, but abdomen whitish below on first three sternites. Anal papillae 
brownish. 
Length 2-25 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation below 
stream in gully, xi. 1961-1.1962 (R. L. Coe}. 
Paratype $, Taplejung District, river banks below Tamrang Bridge, c. 5,500', 
x-xi.i96i (R. L. Coe). 
Similar to H. orientalis Meijere and H. xiphias Bezzi, but in both these species the 
halteres are black. 
The specific name means " fox ". 
CHELIPODA Macquart 
Chelipoda Macquart, 1823, Mem. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1819-22 : 148. 
This genus is distinguished from Phyllodromia Zetterstedt only by the presence of 
the first M 2 cell. Melander (1927 : 263) regarded both as subgenera and, as Collin 
(1962 : 691) has pointed out, the presence or absence of one veinlet is of doubtful 
value at generic level (although similar cases occur elsewhere, e.g. Empis and Rham- 
phomyia) . One female of Chelipoda bakra (described below) has this veinlet missing 
in both wings (Text-fig. 39), though the longitudinal veins are bowed in where the 
veinlet should be ; in another female the veinlet is duplicated (Text-fig. 40). How- 
ever I am for the present retaining both names at generic level since there appears to 
be some difference in the distribution of the two genera, Chelipoda occurring in 
Europe, N. and S. America, Formosa, Java, Australia and New Zealand, while 
Phyllodromia has only been correctly recorded from Europe and Formosa. 
Brunetti (1920 : 368-9) described Phyllodromia flavida from India, but this has a 
1st M 2 cell and thould be referred to Chelipoda. Bezzi's (1912, 1914) species should 
be reversed in their generic positions. 
Two species are now described from Nepal. 
Chelipoda bakra sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 38-4 1 ) 
<J. Head black, rather heavily brownish dusted. Frons rather broad, but face linear. 
Ocellar bristles divergent, two pairs of vertical bristles and short hairs behind on lower half of 
head. Antennae blackish with long white terminal arista. Proboscis short, brownish ; palpi 
very small, yellow. 
Thorax black, dulled by brownish dust. A pair of microscopic acrostichal hairs at front of 
thorax. A strong pair of anterior dorsocentrals (almost intrahumeral in position), a pair of tiny 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 95 
median dorsocentral hairs and a weak pair of prescutellar dorsocentrals. A strong notopleural 
bristle with a very weak bristle in front and a strong supra-alar. Pleurae black, dusted brownish, 
metapleurae with a few bristles. Scutellum black, dusted brownish with a pair of weak apical 
bristles. 
Abdomen black, dulled by brownish dust and short haired. Hypopygium large, black. 
Legs yellowish with middle and hind femora and last tarsal segment of all legs brownish. 
Front coxae greatly elongated as is usual in this genus. Front femora swollen, with two rows of 
black points beneath and antero- and posteroventral bristles. Front tibiae " keeled " beneath. 
Legs otherwise slender and short-haired. 
Wings clear with brown veins. Venation typical of the genus with ist M z cell complete. 
Halteres dusky. 
$. Similar to male, but more robust, a little longer and abdomen terminating in a pair of 
yellow papillae. 
Length 2-25 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by 
stream in gully, xi . 1961-! . 1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 3 <$ 4 $, same data as Holotype. 
The specific name means " goat ". 
Chelipoda keta sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 42) 
<J. Head black, rather heavily dusted greyish. Ocellar bristles short, divergent. A pair of 
outer vertical bristles. Occiput with short pale hairs which become longer below. Antennae 
with first and third segments blackish, second segment yellow and arista whitish with extreme 
base darkened. Proboscis short, brownish, palpi small, yellowish. 
Thorax black, dusted greyish on disc, but reddish brown laterally about humeri and wing 
bases. Chaetotaxy as in C. bakra. Scutellum dark brown with a pair of apical bristles. 
Pleurae reddish brown, metapleurae with two or three bristles. 
Abdomen black, dusted brownish. Hypopygium pale. 
Legs yellow except for blackish last two tarsal segments on all legs. Chaetotaxy as in C. 
bakra, but bristles on front femora a little stronger. 
Wings clear with brown veins. Venation as in C. bakra. Halteres yellow. 
$ unknown. 
Length 2-25 mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by 
stream in gully, xi. 1961-1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
This and C. bakra resemble C.fuscicornis Bezzi (1912 : 478) from Formosa in having 
a white arista. The types of C. fuscicornis are not present in Sauter's collection at 
the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin, but Dr. G. Petersen has kindly sent 
two males later recorded by Bezzi (1914:74). These specimens differ from the 
Nepalese species in having veins R 2+3 and R i+5 distinctly bowed forward about the 
middle and in genital characters and the formation of the pregenital tergite (Text-fig. 
43). 
The specific name means " boy ". 
3 
9 6 
K. G. V. SMITH 
FIGS. 38-43. Chelipoda spp. C. bakra sp. n. 38, wing ; 39, 40, part of wing showing 
abnormal venation ; 41, <J hypopygium : C. keta sp. n. 42, <J hypopygium : C. 
fuscicornis Bezzi. 43, <J hypopygium. 
Chelipoda sp. 
A third new species resembling C. &eta is represented by a headless male. I am 
reluctant to describe a species in this condition, but I have dissected the genitalia 
and these, with the specimen, are available for study by future workers. 
NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, c. 6,200', mixed vegetation by stream in 
gully, xi. 1 961-1.1962, i < (R. L. Coe}. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 97 
HELEODROMIA Haliday 
Heleodromia Haliday, 1833, Ent. Mag. 1 : 159. 
Sciodromia Haliday in Westwood 1840, Introd. Mod. Class. Ins. 2 : 132. 
This genus is represented by two species in Europe, one from North America and 
recently Saigusa (1963) has described four species from Japan. One species is now 
described from Nepal. 
Heleodromia hilo sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 44, 45) 
cj. Head olivaceous brown with the narrow face greyish. As usual with this genus, the 
" vertex " appears very large due to a flattening of the upper part of the occiput. Two pairs of 
bristles on each side of the flattened " vertex " with shorter postocular occipital bristles and 
some short fine hairs below. A pair of short but strong ocellar bristles present. Antennae 
short and black ; third segment short, ovate with a slender apical projection from which the long 
arista arises. Proboscis about as long as head is deep. Palpi black, short with a strong dorsal 
bristle towards tip. 
FIGS. 44-45. Heleodromia hilo sp. n. 44, <J hypopygium ; 45, <$, enlarged view of epan- 
drium (some bristles missing but sockets shown). 
Thorax (including pleurae and scutellum) dull olivaceous brown. No acrostichals, 4 pairs of 
dorsocentrals, the third pair weak. A weak humeral, a tiny posthumeral and a postalar present. 
Scutellum with a pair of crossing apical bristles. 
Abdomen blackish with sparse pale hairs. Hypopygium black with longer pale hairs and some 
bristles distally. 
Legs slender, brown, with last two tarsal segments of all legs blackish. Without strong 
bristles and short haired except for some long bristly hairs on basal half of front femora and 
similar shorter hairs on basal half of middle femora. The first tarsal segment is elongate on all 
legs and on the middle and hind legs is longer than the remaining tarsal segments. 
Wings brownish tinged with venation typical of the genus. Halteres brownish. 
. unknown. 
Length 2 mm. 
9 8 K. G. V. SMITH 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, c. 5,500', 
mossy ground under bushes by hill stream, 20. x. 1961 (R. L. Coe}. 
This species is browner than the European H. immaculata Haliday and the 
hypopygium is smaller. In Saigusa's key it runs to H. boreoalpina Saigusa, but that 
species has black legs and differs in genital characters. The North American 
species H. pullata (Melander, 1902 : 345) is a black insect with only the hypopygium 
olivaceous brown. 
The specific name means " mud ". 
CHELIFERA Macquart 
Chelifera Macquart, 1823, Mem. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1822 : 150. 
Mantipeza Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Ital. Prodr. 1 : 148. 
Polydromia Bigot, 1857, Annls. Soc. ent. Fr. (3) 5 : 562. 
This genus is best known from the Palaearctic Region at present, but is recorded 
from North America and New Zealand ; Collin (1933 : 284) has described a some- 
what atypical species from Chile. 
One female was brought back from Nepal, but since species of Chelifera are not 
easily distinguishable in this sex I am reluctant to describe the species under a new 
name. 
Chelifera sp. 
A black, greyish dusted species with antennae, palpi, venter, halteres and legs lemon-yellow. 
Wing stigma distinct. Halteres yellow. Length 3 mm. 
NEPAL : Taplejung District, river banks below Tamrang bridge, c. 5,500', x-xi. 
1961, i ? (R. L. Coe). 
CLINOCERINAE 
DOLICHOCEPHALA Macquart 
Dolichocephala Macquart, 1823, Mem. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1822 : 147. 
Ardoptera Macquart, 1827, Mem. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1827 : 105. 
Leptosceles Haliday, 1833, Ent. Mag. 1 : 160. 
Three Palaearctic species of Dolichocephala are known and several species occur in 
Africa. Brunetti (1913 : 35 ; 1920 : 371) described D. septemnotata from Simla. 
Although the immature stages are unknown, they are probably aquatic since the 
adults are never found far from streams or lakes. One species is now described 
from Nepal. 
Dolichocephala flamingo sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 46-48) 
cJ. Head brown, dusted greyish around neck and on face ; a pair of strong ocellar bristles and 
a weaker pair of vertical bristles. Postocular bristles strong above, becoming finer below. 
Antennae short, dull black, third segment rounded, shorter than first and second segments 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
99 
FIGS. 46-48. Dolichocephala flamingo sp. n. 46, wing ; 47, <$ hypopygium ; 48, $ enlarged 
view of aedeagus. 
together ; arista black, a little more than twice antennal length and downcurved in the manner 
characteristic of the genus. 
Thorax brownish, dusted greyish on a median line. Acrostichal bristles absent, 5 pairs of 
dorsocentrals, a humeral, a posthumeral, a notopleural and a postalar present. Pleurae greyish 
dusted, metapleurae with a few hairs. Scutellum brown with a pair of upright parallel apical 
bristles. 
Abdomen dark brownish, hypopygium with a tuft of bristly hairs on the sternal keel and the 
tip of the aedeagus rather suggestive of a flamingo's head in profile. 
Legs yellowish brown, except for middle and hind coxae, which are greyish and all tibiae are 
darkened at tip. Legs extremely short haired and devoid of bristles. 
Wings brownish with some darker patches especially on anterior half of wing and numerous 
hyaline spots ; vein R z+z undulating. Halteres yellow. 
$ unknown. 
Length -z mm. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Arun Valley, east shore of River Arun below Tumlingtaf, 
c. i, 800', 14-23. xii. 1961, evergreen shrubs bordering dry stream-beds (R. L. Coe). 
This species resembles the Palaearctic D. irrorata Fallen in having hyaline spots 
along the costal vein. However the patterning of the wing is otherwise rather differ- 
ent and the genitalia are quite distinct. 
ioo K. G. V. SMITH 
HYPENELLA Collin 
Hypenella Collin, 1941, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Land. (B) 10 : 239. 
Collin (1941 : 239) erected the genus Hypenella to receive H. empodiata Collin from 
the Far Eastern border of the U.S.S.R. He distinguished the genus from Clinocerella 
Engel, which it most resembles, by the presence of fine vibrissae, hairy jowls, long 
triangular clypeus and the small palpi. Dr. T. Saigusa informs me (in litt.} that 
several species occur in Japan, but I have studied his manuscript figures and all are 
distinct from the Nepalese material. Two species are now described from Nepal 
which may be separated as follows : 
i Wings clear ; legs blackish ...... sputnarius sp. n. 
Wings brownish tinged ; femora yellow ..... bhura sp. n. 
Hypenella sputnarius sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 49-51) 
cJ, $. Similar to H. empodiata Collin, but differing from Collin's description as follows : 
The facial hairs are weaker. The humerus and upper third to half of the mesopleuron is 
brownish. Prescutellar depression darker than thoracic disc but flanked by a greyish patch 
under the two posterior dorsocentrals. Hypopygium with the terminal process broadened 
towards tip. Hind tibiae with two or three short dorsal bristles just before tip. Wing stigma 
narrow and indistinct. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, spray-splashed rocks in River 
Tamur, c. 3,300', 3.^.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 2 <, 5 $, same data as Holotype. 
I have been unable to examine, or obtain information on, the type of H. empodiata 
Collin (in the Leningrad Museum) which is obviously very similar, but I prefer to 
regard this species as new rather than risk starting a chain of misidentifications by 
referring it erroneously to Collin's species. 
Hypenella bhura sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 52) 
(J, $. Head similar to preceding species, but occiput black. Facial hairs much stronger 
more resembling H. empodiata Collin. 
Thorax dark brown with paler mid-stripe ; darker on the prescutellar depression and without 
any pale areas under two posterior dorsocentrals, though paler on humeri and notopleurae. 
Under the high power of the binocular microscope, the thorax is clothed with dense microscopic 
pile. Chaetotaxy as in H. spumarius. Pleurae greyish. Scutellum dark brown and with two 
long apical bristles. 
Abdomen olivaceous brown, greyish on disc. Venter more greyish. Hypopygium brownish. 
Legs coxae and femora yellow, remainder blackish. Without outstanding bristles except for 
a " comb " of 5 short dorsal bristles on distal quarter of hind tibiae. 
Wings distinctly brownish tinged, without stigma. Venation similar to H. spumarius. 
Halteres yellowish. 
Length 2-25 mm. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
101 
FIGS. 49-52. Hypenella spp. H. spumarius sp. n. 49, wing ; 50, head ; 51, cJ hypopygium : 
H. bhura sp. n. 52, $ hypopygium. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 3,500', spray-splashed rocks 
in River Maewa, 25.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype $, same data as Holotype. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " brown ". 
ACANTHOCLINOCERA Saigusa 
Acanthoclinocera Saigusa, 1965. Kontyu, 33 : 53. 
Saigusa erected this genus for one species, A . dasyscutellum from Japan. A further 
species is now described from Nepal. 
102 
K. G. V. SMITH 
FIGS. 53-60. Clinocera spp. C. evae sp. n. 53, wing ; 54, $ hypopygium : C. pani sp. n. 
55, wing ; 56, <J hypopygium : C. sp. 57, wing ; 58, <J hypopygium : C. wodi sp. n. 
59. c? hypopygium : C. chilamche sp. n. 60, $ hypopygium. 
Acanthoclinocera saigusai sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 6 1, 62) 
cJ. Head olive-brown with light grey postocular orbits and face. Ocellar bristles divergent. 
A single row of postocular occipital bristles and some long yellow bristly hairs below. Antennae 
black. Palpi dark brown with longish dark hairs. 
Thorax dark olive-brown with a light grey patch on notopleurae and a light grey median stripe 
on prescutellar depression. A humeral and a posthumeral present. Two notopleural bristles, 
upper one stronger, and a postalar present. Five distinct pairs of dorsocentrals present and 
3 pairs of tiny hairs between rows on the prescutellar depression, a line of three each side of the 
UIPTERA FROM NEPAL 103 
light grey prescutellar median stripe. Pleurae light grey except for a narrow brown band below 
notopleural suture. Metapleurae with a few slender pale bristles. Scutellum olive-brown 
except for a median continuation of the pale grey prescutellar stripe at base, upon which are a few 
hairs. A pair of scutellar marginals present with a weak pair of hairs outside and a tiny pair of 
hairs inside. 
Abdomen olive-brown above, light grey at sides and below. Short dark haired above and short 
pale haired below. Hypopygium brown. 
Legs dark brown, except for grey coxae. Front femora somewhat thickened basally. Legs 
short haired except for a short, but distinct anteroventral bristle towards tip of front femora and 
a few short anterodorsal and posteroventral bristles towards tip of hind tibiae, and bristles 
beneath tarsi including a stronger one at base. 
Wings clear, long and narrow. Cell ist M 2 pointed with only two veins issuing from its end 
due to short stalk, to the fork of M. (This feature may be an aberration, but both wings are 
identical.) Halteres blackish. 
Length 3 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 3,500', spray-splashed rocks 
in River Maewa, 2, 5.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
This species may be distinguished at once from the only other described species, 
A. dasyscutellum Saigusa, by the grey postocular orbits and the abbreviated grey 
prescutellar stripe. 
TRICHOCLINOCERA Coffin 
Trichoclinocera Collin, 1941, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 10 : 237. 
Collin (1941 : 237) erected this genus to receive T. stackelbergi Coffin described from 
Tigrovaja on the Far Eastern border of the U.S.S.R. Coffin also included the 
American Clinocera dolicheretma Melander (1902 : 241) and Wiedemannia hamifera 
Melander (1927 : 233) in Trichoclinocera, as he says that both have the subcostal vein 
setulose. 
One new species is now described from Nepal. 
Trichoclinocera maewa sp. n. 
cj. Head grey. Eyes quite widely separated above antennae ; face about twice width of an 
ocellus, with a dark median stripe. Eyes hairy. Ocellar triangle dark with two short divergent 
ocellar bristles. Occiput with some short black bristly hairs above and long pale hairs below. 
Antennae black, third segment about as long as first and second segments together ; arista 
black, about i times antennal length. Proboscis short and black, palpi black, with short black 
hairs below. 
Thorax dull brown on disc, but greyish behind humeri along notopleurae and in region of 
posterior calli. No acrostichal bristles ; 5 pairs of dorsocentrals ; a humeral ; a posthumeral ; 
two notopleurals, upper one stronger ; two supra-alars and a weak postalar. Pleurae greyish 
with a brownish patch below wing base and with a few short pale hairs on mesopleurae, sterno- 
pleurae, metapleurae and hypopleurae. Scutellum grey, somewhat brownish on disc with a pair 
of crossing apical bristles. 
Abdomen slate-grey at sides, but more brownish above. Hypopygium grey. 
Legs with coxae grey, otherwise brownish. Front femora slightly thickened and with short 
black bristly hairs below. Middle femora slender, short haired with short spaced posteroventral 
bristles and one or two similar posteroventral bristles, but only towards tip. Hind femora 
slender with one or two short antero- and posteroventral bristles towards tip. All tibiae short 
io 4 K. G. V. SMITH 
haired, but hind tibiae with one or two bristly hairs above and below near tip. Tarsi simple and 
short haired, hind metatarsi with a few very short spaced bristles below. 
Wings long and clear ; halteres brownish. 
$. Similar to male, but frons and face wider. Abdomen blunt at tip. Legs shorter haired, 
but front femora with some long pale bristly hairs posteroventrally. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
Holotype <. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 3,500', spray-splashed rocks 
in River Maewa (R. L. Coe). 
Paratype $, same data as Holotype. 
Similar to T. stackelbergi Collin, but that species has wings with clouded cross- 
veins, and a blunter cell ist M 2 ; grey legs and seven pairs of dorsocentral bristles. 
PROCLINOPYGA Melander 
Proclinopyga Melander, 1927, Gen. Ins. 185 : 220-221. 
This genus was erected by Melander to receive 5 species and a variety from North 
America. Collin (1941 : 241) described P. pervaga from the Far Eastern border of 
the U.S.S.R. and Saigusa (1963) has described two species and recorded P. pervaga 
Collin from Japan and notes that others occur there. 
One species was found in Nepal, which is here treated as a subspecies of the 
Japanese P. seticosta Saigusa. 
Proclinopyga seticosta occidentalis subsp. n. 
(Text-figs. 65, 66) 
<J. Head brownish grey with face more greyish. A pair of long outcurved ocellar bristles 
with a pair of divergent hairs between and a further pair behind ocellar triangle. Two rows of 
occipital bristles, those above longer. Antennae black. Proboscis short, palpi black, thickened 
at tip and clothed with dark hairs. 
Thorax brown, somewhat greyish on narrow median line, on humeri and at sides. Acrostichal 
bristles biserial and usually 6 uniserial dorsocentrals present, but sometimes 5-7 of varying 
strength. A humeral and long curved intrahumeral, 3 notopleurals in an oblique row, 3 supra- 
alars and a postalar present. Pleurae greyish brown, 2 or 3 weak metapleural bristles. Scutel- 
lum greyish brown with 4 marginal bristles, outer pair weak. 
Abdomen greyish with short hairs below and longer above. Hypopygium blackish with 
aedeagus heavily sclerotized and shining. 
Legs black. Coxae with some pale bristly hairs in front. Front femora short haired except 
for one or two weak posterodorsal bristles. Middle femora with slender postero ventral bristles. 
Hind femora with weak antero ventral bristles, but fairly strong anterodorsals. Front tibiae 
with a weak but distinct anterodorsal and a similar posterodorsal in a pair near base, postero- 
ventral bristly hairs longest. Hind tibiae with an anterodorsal bristle above near base. Tarsi 
slender. 
Wings brownish tinged with a faint stigma. Costa with distinct setulae from base of stigma 
to tip of vein R 2+3 . Halteres dark brown. 
?. Similar to male, but legs with much weaker bristles and hairs except for the anterodorsals 
on the hind femora. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
105 
FIGS. 61-66. Acanthoclinocera saigusai sp. n. 61, wing ; 62, <J hypopygium. Tricho- 
clinocera maewa sp. n. 63, wing ; 64, $ hypopygium. Proclinopyga seticosta Saigusa 
subsp. occidentalis subsp. n. 65, wing ; 66. <J hypopygium. 
Holotype <$. NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, spray- 
splashed rocks in deep gorge, c. 5,200', 1.1-14.11.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
io6 K.G. V. SMITH 
Paratypes : 3 <$, 3 9, same data as Holotype. 
The subspecies differs from the typical form as follows : wings less strongly 
brownish tinged, hence making the stigma a little more distinct ; the thorax is more 
greyish at sides and on the humeri and the scutellum is greyish ; the legs are darker ; 
coxae with some pale hairs below (all black in P. seticosta). The genitalia are very 
similar, but the anterior margin of the aedeagus is strongly sinuate. 
Saigusa apparently included the intra-humerals in his range of 7-9 dorsocentrals. 
These differences are slight, but consistent in the series studied and the two sub- 
species are certainly reproductively isolated, though they may prove to form part 
of a cline when material is available from intermediate territories. Meanwhile it 
seems advisable to give a subspecific name to the form described. 
CLINOCERA Meigen 
Clinocera Meigen, 1803, in Illiger. Mag. Ins. 2 : 271. 
Five species of Clinocera s. s. were collected by Mr. Coe. 
KEY TO NEPALESE SPECIES OF Clinocera 
1 Larger species with long (4 mm.) narrow wings and both sexes with short 
black antero- and posteroventral points beneath the brown front femora 
evae sp. n. 
Smaller species with short (3 mm.) wings. Front femora of males with distinct 
antero- and posteroventral bristles (or, if with black points, then femora are 
yellow beneath) ........... 2 
2 (i) Front femora yellowish for entire length beneath ...... 3 
Front femora at most yellowish for short distance beneath towards tip . . 4 
3 (2) <J with slender, pale antero- and posteroventral bristles on front femora 
Thoracic bristles strong ....... chilamche sp. n. 
<J with short black antero- and posteroventral points which are restricted to 
middle third. Thoracic bristles weak ...... nadi sp. n. 
4 (2) Front coxae yellowish .......... sp. 
Front coxae dark brown ......... pant sp. n. 
Clinocera evae sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 53, 54) 
o*. Head brown with face grey. A pair of widely divergent ocellar bristles, two more or less 
distinct outer vertical bristles and a pair of postvertical bristles. A series of postocular occipital 
bristles above and pale hairs below. Antennae black. Palpi dark brown with some bristly 
hairs at tip. 
Thorax brown with prothoracic collar, humeri and a small notopleural patch grey ; viewed 
from above with a dark median stripe (which commences as two very narrow stripes which merge 
above middle of thorax) and two dark lateral patches, one behind humerus and one behind 
notopleural bristle. A humeral, notopleural, postalar and five pairs of dorsocentral bristles 
present. Pleurae grey. Prothoracic sternum with some long pale hairs at sides and metapleurae 
with about a dozen long pale bristly hairs. Scutellum brown with a pair of slender apical bristles. 
Abdomen brown dorsally, grey laterally and ventrally, short haired. Hypopygium grey. 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 107 
Legs dark brown. Front femora thickened, with some very short black anteroventral bristles 
on basal half, some stouter anteroventral black points on distal half ; long pale posteroventral 
bristles on basal two-thirds and some stout black points on distal third. Middle femora slender 
with slender anterior bristles along entire length. Hind femora slender with short anterodorsal 
bristles. All tibiae slender, front tibiae ciliate beneath, otherwise with no outstanding bristles. 
Tarsi slender. 
Wings faintly brownish tinged, with brown veins. Halteres brown. 
$. Similar to male, but front femora not so thickened, without the tiny basal anteroventral 
bristles and with the pale posteroventral bristles weak. 
Length 3 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 3,500', spray-splashed rocks 
in River Maewa, 25.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 2 $, 2 $, same data as Holotype. 
This species resembles C. fluviatilis Brunetti (1913 : 34, fig. 33) from India, but 
in that species the thorax is darker, the first M 2 cell less pointed distally, cell R^ is 
broader, and the genitalia quite different. 
The species is named after my mother. 
Clinocera chilamche sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 60) 
cJ. Head blackish, face dusted greyish. A pair of long ocellar bristles swept backwards. 
Occiput with a pair of outer vertical bristles, a row of postocular bristles and some short pale 
hairs below. Palpi short with bristly hairs at tip. 
Thorax blackish, dusted brownish but subshining with humeri and notopleurae dusted 
greyish. A humeral, and a posthumeral ; two notopleurals, upper one longer ; a supra-alar and 
a postalar ; five pairs of dorsocentrals. Pleurae blackish, dusted brownish. Metapleurae with 
about a dozen fine bristles. Scutellum concolorous with thorax and with two apical bristles. 
Abdomen dark brownish, dusted brown, very sparsely short haired. Hypopygium blackish. 
Legs with front coxae largely yellowish, all femora yellowish below, but otherwise legs brown. 
Front femora with weak pale antero- and posteroventral bristles. Front tibiae with some antero- 
dorsal bristles hairy. Hind tibiae with some short bristles above and below distally. 
Wings faintly brownish tinged, venation resembling the unnamed Clinocera sp. described 
below, but base of fork of -R 4+5 complete. Halteres blackish. 
9. Similar to male, but bristles beneath front femora very weak. 
Length 2-5 mm. 
Holotype $. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, spray-splashed rocks in shallow 
ravine, c. 6,200', 13.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 2 $, same data as Holotype. 
Mr. Coe informs me that he has seen this species washed from one rock to another 
without being harmed. 
Very similar to C. megalatlantica Vaillant (1956 : 65), but first M 2 cell more pointed, 
cell RI narrower and genitalia differing in the blunter broader surstylus and more 
slender aedeagus. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " washing bowl ". 
io8 K. G. V. SMITH 
Clinocera pani sp. n. 
(Text-figs. 55, 56) 
cj. Head dark olive-brown, with a pair of divergent ocellar bristles and a pair of distinct outer 
vertical bristles. Postocular bristles in a single row with some longer pale hairs below. Antennae 
black. Palpi dark brown with very short hairs. 
Thorax dark olive-brown with small greyish patches on humeri, notopleurae and posterior 
calli. Viewed from above the thorax looks blackish, with a broad dark brown median stripe 
drawn to a point anteriorly, and narrowly pale around all margins. Humeri somewhat reddish 
yellow on hind corner. A humeral and posthumeral bristles ; two notopleurals present, upper 
one stronger ; five pairs of dorsocentrals ; a supra-alar and postalar. Pleurae greyish with a 
few bristles on metapleurae. Scutellum dark olive-brown with a pair of apical bristles. 
Abdomen dark brownish grey with black hairs. Hypopygium black. 
Legs dark brown with front femora yellowish at tip beneath and hind coxae somewhat 
yellowish behind. Front femora with short anteroventral bristles and slightly longer postero- 
ventral bristles, short haired above. Middle femora almost bare below, short haired above but 
with some longer anterodorsal bristly hairs. Hind femora weakly haired below, short haired 
above. Tibiae and tarsi slender without outstanding bristles. 
Wings grey with brown veins ; halteres black with yellow base. 
$. Similar to male, but front femora without bristles beneath. 
Length 3 mm. 
Holotype $.- NEPAL : Taplejung District, Dobhan, c. 3,500', spray-splashed rocks 
in River Maewa, 25.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
Paratypes : 9 <$, 5 $, same data as Holotype. 
In structure of the male genitalia this species resembles Clinocera rufipes Bezzi as 
figured by Vaillant (1960 : 177, pi. 2, figs. c-f). Bezzi (1899 : 147) described this as a 
variety of C. nigra Meigen and Collin (1960 : 743) treats it as " only a pale legged form 
of C. nigra " and states that this is " now generally accepted ". However Vaillant 
(loc. cit.} regards it as a distinct species and if the Russian species figured by him is in 
fact conspecific with Bezzi's type then he is justified. Although obviously very close, 
the leg coloration appears to distinguish C. pani. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning " rain ". 
Clinocera nadi sp. n. 
(Text-fig. 59) 
cJ. Very similar to C. chilamche, but differing as follows : 
Head and thorax heavily brownish dusted and completely dull. Thoracic bristles weaker, 
dorsocentrals weak, other bristles very weak. Abdomen greyish almost bare except for tiny 
hairs on hind margins of tergites and sternites. Hypopygium distinct. Antero- and postero- 
ventral bristles beneath front femora short and spine-like, black and restricted to middle. 
$ unknown. 
Holotype ^. NEPAL : Taplejung District, Sangu, spray-splashed rocks in shallow 
ravine, c. 6,200', 13.1.1962 (R. L. Coe). 
The hypopygium of C. nadi strongly resemble Engel's (1931 : 487) figure of his 
C. feuerborni from Java, but that species has a small costal stigma. 
The specific name is a Nepalese word meaning "river". 
DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 109 
Clinocera sp. 
(Text-figs. 57, 58) 
The venation of this specimen may be aberrant and while the genitalia are distinct 
I am reluctant to describe the species under a new name until further material is 
available. 
NEPAL : Taplejung District, between Sangu and Tamrang, spray-splashed rocks in 
deep gorge, c. 5,200', 1-14.11.1962, i $ (R. L. Coe). 
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DIPTERA FROM NEPAL 
INDEX 
Synonyms in italics 
Acanthoclinocera Saigusa, 101 
Acanthopeza Becker, 83 
aimai sp. n., 81 
Ardoptera Macquart, 98 
bakra sp. n., 94 
bares Walker, 85 
bhainse sp. n., 83 
bhiga sp. n., 86 
bhura sp. n., 100 
Bicellaria Macquart, 85 
brunettii (Melander), 75 
Chelifera Macquart, 98 
Chelipoda Macquart, 94 
chita sp. n., 90 
chilamche sp. n., 106 
Clinocera Meigen, 106 
coei sp. n., 67 
compacta Brunetti, 86 
Crossopalpus Bigot (s.g. of Drapetis), 71 
Ctenodrapetis Bezzi, 65 
Cyrtoma Meigen, 85 
divergens sp. n., 74 
Dolichocephala Macquart, 98 
Drapetis Meigen, 65 
Elaphropeza (s.g. of Drapetis), 65 
Enicopteryx Stephens, 85 
Eudrapetis Melander, 71 
evae sp. n., 106 
flamingo sp. n., 98 
flavipes Brunetti, 75 
gila sp. n., 86 
Howlettia Brunetti, 75 
Heleodromia Haliday, 97 
Hemerodromia Meigen, 90 
Hilara Meigen, 85 
hilo sp. n., 97 
Hybos Meigen, 81 
Hypenella Collin, 100 
kala sp. n., 66 
keta sp. n., 95 
khola sp. n., 89 
kholsa sp. n., 72 
kosi sp. n., 79 
Leptosceles Haliday, 98 
litoralis sp. n., 68 
lomri sp. n., 93 
longicornis Brunetti, 81 
maewa sp. n., 103 
Mantipeza Rondani, 98 
Microdromia Bigot, 90 
nadi sp. n., 108 
narangi sp. n., 80 
nepalensis Brunetti (Tachydromia), 81 
nepalensis sp. n. (Stenoproctus), 84 
occidentalis ssp. n., 104 
pani sp. n., 108 
peshawarensis Brunetti, 86 
pila sp. n., 91 
Platypalpus Macquart, 75 
Polydromia Bigot, 98 
Proclinopyga Melander, 104 
quinlani sp. n., 81 
rufithorax Brunetti, 85 
saigusai sp. n., 102 
sanguensis sp. n. (Drapetis s.g. Elaphro- 
peza), 70 
sanguensis sp. n. (Tachydromia), 78 
Sciodromia Haliday, 97 
serpa sp. n., 91 
seticosta Saigusa, 104 
shealsi sp. n., 78 
Sicodus Rafinesque, 74 
II2 INDEX 
sp. (Bicellaria), 85 Tachista Loew, 74 
sp. (Chelifera), 98 Tachydromia Meigen, 75 
sp. (Chelipoda), 96 tapa sp. n., 76 
sp. (Clinocera), 109 taplejungensis sp. n., 80 
sp. (Sicodus), 74 Trichoclinocera Collin, 103 
spumarius sp. n., 100 
Stenoproctus Loew, 83 ukhalo sp. n., 71 
Stilpon Loew, 72 uralo sp. n., 66