NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS 
AND NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES 
(LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE) 
BY 
T. H. E. JACKSON 
Kapretwa, Kitale, Kenya jf 
1 
Pp. 123-163 ; Plates 1-13 ; i Text-figure 
BULLETIN OF 
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 12 No. 3 
LONDON: 1962 
THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is 
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments 
of the Museum, and an Historical Series. 
Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become 
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four 
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed 
within one calendar year. 
This paper is Vol. 12, No. 3 of the Entomological 
series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow 
those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. 
Trustees of the British Museum 1962 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF 
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Issued 29 May 1962 Price Twenty-seven and Sixpence 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES 
AND SUBSPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA : LYCAENIDAE) 
By T. H. E. JACKSON 
CONTENTS 
Epitola Page 
The HEWITSONI group . . . . . . . . .126 
The POSTHUMUS group . . . . . . . . .128 
The CARCINA and NITIDE groups . . . . . . -130 
The PINODES group . . . . . . . . .142 
The SUBLUSTRIS group . . . . . . . . 152 
The ALBA group .......... 155 
x Species incertae sedis . . . . . . . . 155 
Species incorrectly placed in Epitola . . . . . 155 
Discussion ........... 156 
Stempfferia ............ 157 
Neavia . . . . . . . . . . . .158 
Epitolina . . . . . . . . . . . 159 
Hewitsonia ........... 160 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......... 161 
REFERENCES ........... 161 
INDEX ............ 163 
SYNOPSIS 
The genus Epitola is brought up to date with further association of the sexes. New species and 
subspecies are described, as well as a new genus. 
Genus EPITOLA Westwood 
THE genus Epitola Westwood was revised by P. J. L. Roche (1954). In this excellent 
paper will be found a history of the genus, a check list of the species, a working key 
to the males and descriptions of all new species to that date. Since then, however, 
many new species have been discovered and an attempt is made here to bring the 
genus up to date, and further, to integrate the females. The latter is admittedly 
a difficult task ; it was scarcely touched by Aurivillius in Seitz (1920), and not at all 
by Roche, but considerable evidence has accumulated either from species taken 
in cop., bred, or taken together in large numbers to warrant a preliminary arrange- 
ment, and it is felt that this is long overdue. In addition, a careful study of the 
underside markings is sometimes sufficient. The arrangement of the species in this 
paper largely follows that of Roche but, with the exception of the first two groups 
and the last, they have been rearranged according to the colour and markings of the 
females. This produces a large measure of agreement with Roche's keys, but some 
ENTOM. 12, 3. 8 
126 T. H. E. JACKSON 
interesting discrepancies. With the exception of those of a few type specimens, 
which are not available for study, all records mentioned in this paper have been 
personally checked by the present author or by Monsieur H. Stempffer of Paris. 
All types are in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) unless otherwise stated. 
THE HEWITSONI GROUP 
Epitola crippsi Stoneham 
9 Epitola crippsi Stoneham, 1933 : i, pi. 2. 
Type. KENYA : Soy. (Stoneham Mus., Kenya.) 
<$ undescribed : the male of this species was taken by the writer some years ago 
at Busia, Uganda and forwarded to Europe. The specimen has unfortunately been 
mislaid and so the description cannot be included here. The male is almost identical 
with the female, but with sex brands. 
Recorded from : KENYA : Soy ; UGANDA : Busia. 
Epitola hewitsoni Mabille 
(PL 13, figs. 124, 130) 
c? Epitola hewitsoni Mabille, 1877 : 221. 
Type. ANGOLA : Cabinda, Landana. (Paris Mus.) 
Epitola hewitsoni Mabille ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, d. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Bitje ; ANGOLA : Cabinda. 
Epitola hewitsonioides Hawker-Smith 
cj, $ Epitola hewitsonioides Hawker-Smith, 1933 : u. 
Types. CONGO : Middle Lowa Valley, near Walikale. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Bitje ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi, Mambili 
Forest ; CONGO : Equator, Eala, Lomami River. 
Epitola miranda miranda Staudinger 
(PL i, fig. i, PL 2, fig. 10) 
<J Epitola miranda Staudinger, 1889 : 176. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. (Staudinger Coll.) 
Epitola miranda Staudinger ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, e. 
$. Legs dark brown with paler spots at the joints ; palps light brown below with black tips, 
dark brown above ; eyes dark brown ; frons dark brown with two pale lines ; antennal shaft 
black above, minutely checkered white below ; club with orange tip. 
Upper side forewing : brown ; a subapical series of elongate yellowish spots in 5, 6 and 7, 4 mm. 
long, and a yellow streak in 8. A faint pale spot astride vein 2. 
Upper side hindwing : brown, immaculate. 
Underside : similar to the male, but paler, the yellow fore wing spots reproduced below, but 
paler. 
Length of fore wing : 27 mm. 
Neallotype $. SIERRA LEONE. Rothschild bequest. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; NIGERIA : Lagos Dist., Oshodi and Kaba 
Prov. ; CAMEROONS. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 127 
Epitola miranda vidua Talbot 
(PL I, fig. 2, PL 2, fig. II) 
? Epitola miranda vidua Talbot, 1935 : 75. 
Type. UGANDA : Sesse Isles, Bugalla Is., Lutoboka. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
This is not a well-differentiated subspecies and the male differs scarcely at all from 
miranda miranda. 
cJ. Legs dark brown, faintly paler at the joints ; palps light brown below with black tips, 
dark brown above ; eyes and frons brown ; antennal shaft black above, very minutely checkered 
white below ; club with small yellow tip. 
The following small points may be noted : 
On fore wing above the blue spot in space 2 is narrower and the spots in 4, 5 and 6 are longer ; 
in hind wing the distal border is narrower, especially at anal angle. Below the postdiscal pale 
spots on fore wing are longer and more distinct, especially in 2 and 3. Otherwise as in the typical 
race. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Bwamba, iv.i942. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Seen flying rapidly across the open, between trees on an open hillside at Katera, 
Buddu about n a.m. ; the females laying on lichen-covered, ant-infested tree trunks 
later in the day. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Katera, Kayonza, Kigezi and Bwamba, Sesse Islands, 
Lutoboka, Bugalla Island, Siroko River near Mt. Elgon. 
Epitola decellei Stempffer 
c? Epitola decellei Stempffer, 1956 : 30, fig. 16, genitalia pi. 2, figs, u, 12. 
Type. CONGO : Stanleyville, Yangambi. (M.R.C.B., Tervuren.) 
$. Unknown. 
Recorded only from the type locality. 
Epitola stempfferi sp. n. 
(PL 13, figs. 122, 123, 128, 129) 
$ and 9- Closely allied to hewitsoni Mabille and decellei Stempffer, and of the 
same shape. 
Legs dark sepia, unspotted ; palps dark brown above and below ; frons and eyes dark brown ; 
antennal shaft black above, checkered white below ; club black. 
<J. Upper side fore wing : black with brilliant greenish blue basal and discal areas ; costal 
border black up to the upper median and thereafter linear to the apical patch ; apex and margin 
broadly black ; blue area extends from inner margin to upper median, covering i and 2 to within 
4 mm. of distal margin, the bases of 3, 4 and 5 and the whole of the cell ; thereafter three blue 
streaks postdiscal in 7, 8 and 9 and two small blue spots in 5 and 6 ; large V-shaped wedge of 
black ground colour invading the blue area above apex of cell. 
Upper side hind wing : black with blue basal discal patch from veins 1-7 with a blue streak 
in the base of space 8 ; distal margin of this patch irregular leaving a broad black distal border 
5 mm. wide on vein 5 and 3 mm. wide on vein 2 ; space ib black throughout. 
Underside fore wing : smoky brown with lighter patch along inner margin nearly to vein 2 
and a series of small obscure whitish subapical spots placed obliquely in spaces 5-7 ; a slightly 
paler submarginal area between veins 3-5. 
128 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Underside hind wing : clear brownish violet with black or brown spots and markings ; three 
small black sub-basal spots, the first just below 8, the second in the cell and the third between 
vein 2 and the lower median ; five rounded black discal spots, the first below vein 8, the second 
and third confluent and in the cell, the fourth between vein 2 and the lower median, and the 
fifth between 2 and ib ; a black spot on the lower discocellular ; a small, triangular black spot 
between the lower median and the origin of vein 2 ; a fine, very irregular postdiscal black line 
running between 6 and 2 ; a series of large confluent, submarginal brown spots, forming a broad 
band, nearly continuous from apex to anal angle. 
This species may be distinguished at once, in the male, from its nearest neighbours, 
decellei Stempffer and hewitsoni Mabille by the much broader black border in hind 
wing and by the invasion of the blue band in fore wing by a wedge of the black ground 
colour. 
It is worthy of note that both the above are female characters and this is the only 
species known with such characters in the male. 
?. Upperside fore wing : brown with blue patch from base to beyond the middle, bounded 
along the costa by the subcostal vein and reaching the inner margin. Distally covering the base 
of spaces 4, 5 and 6, projecting sharply distad in 2 and 3 and again in i and la. A series of small 
blue postdiscal spots in 5, 6 and 7. 
Upperside hind wing : brown with large blue patch reaching to within 2 mm. of the margin 
in i and 3 and gradually receding to 6 mm. on vein 6. Bounded costally by vein 6 but with a few 
blue scales in the base of space 6 above it. The distal margin of the blue area very dislegnic. 
Underside : exactly as in the male but with larger postdiscal spots in fore wing. 
Length of fore wing : <$ 24 mm., $ 27 mm. 
Holotype^. GABOON: Douano. 27. ix. 1951. P. Rougeot leg. Coll. Stempffer. 
Allotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA: Ouesso, Ketta Forest, vii.igsg. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded from : GABOON : Douano ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso ; CONGO : 
Buta Dist., Yopole. 
This species is named in honour of Monsieur H. Stempffer of Paris. 
THE POSTHUMUS GROUP 
Epitola posthumus (Fabricius) 
cJ Papilio posthumus Fabricius, 1793 : 149. 
Type. Missing. 
Epitola posthumus (Fabricius) ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, e. 
$ Epitola belli Hewitson, 1874 : 382. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA ; BR. CAMEROONS ; FR. CAMEROONS ; GHANA ; FR. 
EQUAT. AFRICA ; CONGO ; UGANDA. 
Epitola urania urania Kirby 
(PI. i, fig. 3, PL 2, fig. 12, PL 9, fig. 85, PL 10, fig. 95) 
cJ Epitola urania Kirby, 1887 : 441. 
Type. CAMEROONS. 
?. Legs black with small pale brown lines at joints ; palps black above and below, with a 
small white spot above ; frons black with white edges ; eyes black ; antennal shaft black above 
and below ; club yellow-tipped below. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 129 
Upperside fore wing : black with blue basal and discal area bounded by the subcostal and 
reaching the inner margin, distally covering the base of spaces 4, 5 and 6 for 5 mm.; projecting 
distad in 3 and 2 and to within 3 mm. of the margin in i, and 4 mm. in la. Small blue spots 
half-way along the costa in 7 and 8 and streaks in 9 and 10. 
Upperside hind wing : black with large blue discal patch reaching to the base and bounded 
by veins i and 7. A wide black border distally, 7 mm. on vein 6 but becoming narrower towards 
the anal angle, where the blue colour almost reaches the margin. 
Underside : as in the male. 
Length of fore wing : 35 mm. 
Neallotype $. CAMEROONS : Suffer! bequest. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; IVORY COAST ; LIBERIA ; NIGERIA ; GABOON ; 
FR. EQUAT. AFRICA. 
Epitola urania tanganikensis Joicey & Talbot 
(PI. i, fig. 4, PI. 2, fig. 13) 
$ Epitola urania tanganikensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921 : 86, pi. 14, fig. 63. 
Type. BELGIAN CONGO : Albertville. 
$. Legs, eyes, etc. as in the typical race, but antennal shaft checkered white 
below. 
Agrees with the description of the male, loc. cit., except for the presence of a costal 
spot, in 7 and the reduction of the blue area in hind wing, as in the typical female. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Toro, Kibale Forest, 11.1951. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Males observed flying, briefly, high up in Kibale Forest, Toro, and settling on 
creeper tendrils ; females laying on tree trunks among Crematogaster ants. 
Recorded from : CONGO : Albertville, Katanga ; UGANDA : Bwamba and Toro. 
Epitola crowleyi crowleyi Sharpe 
(J, - Epitola crowleyi Sharpe, 1890 : 106. 
Types. SIERRA LEONE. 
o*, - Epitola crowleyi Sharpe ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, e. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; NIGERIA ; CAMEROONS ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA ; 
GHANA ; CONGO ; UGANDA. 
Epitola semibrunnea Baker 
<$ Epitola crowleyi var. semibrunnea Baker, 1916 : 378. 
Type. CAMEROONS. 
$ Epitola ammon Joicey & Talbot, 1921 : 83, pi. 14, figs. 60, 61. 
Type. CONGO : Penghe, North bank, Ituri River. 
Only the types are known to the author. 
Epitola ceraunia Hewitson 
cJ Epitola ceraunia Hewitson, 1879 : 149. 
Type. WEST AFRICA (Rutherford). 
Epitola ceraunia Hewitson ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, e. 
. Epitola dewitzi Kirby, 1887 : 442. 
Type. CAMEROONS. Bred. 
130 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; IVORY COAST ; LIBERIA ; TOGO ; GHANA 
NIGERIA ; BR. CAMEROONS ; FR. CAMEROONS ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA ; CONGO 
UGANDA. 
Epitola adolphifriderici Schultze 
<J, Epitola adolphi friderici Schultze, 1911 : 95. 
Epitola adolphifriderici Schultze ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, b. 
Types. SOUTH CAMEROONS : Yukaduma. (Coll. Senckenberg.) 
THE CARCINA AND NITIDE GROUPS 
A. $$. Brown with large white discal patch in fore wing. 
Epitola marginata marginata Kirby 
cJ Epitola marginata Kirby, 1887 : 443. 
Type. CAMEROONS. 
Epitola marginata Kirby ; Grose-Smith & Kirby, i. 1889 : Lye. Afr. pi. 7, figs. 5, 6. 
9 Epitola marginata Kirby ; Joicey & Talbot, 1921 : 85, pi. 14, figs. 56, 57. 
Type. CONGO : Albertville. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Bitje, Johann Albrechts Hohe ; NIGERIA : Pt. 
Harcourt and Bassa Prov. ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ketta and Mambili ; CONGO : 
Albertville ; UGANDA : Kigezi, Kayonza. 
Epitola marginata umbratilis Holland 
Epitola umbratilis Holland, 1890 : 425. 
Type. GABON : " Upper waters of the River Ogove." (Carnegie Mus., Pittsburg.) 
This subspecies is probably a synonym of marginata Kirby. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Yukaduma, Barombi. 
Epitola moyambina Baker 
(PI. i, fig. 5, PI. 2, fig. 14) 
(J Epitola moyambina Baker, 1903 : 330. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba. 
9 Very similar to the females of cercene Hewitson, convex a Roche and intermedia Roche, and 
about the same size. 
Legs dark brown with white spots at joints ; palps brown, black-tipped with whitish lateral 
spots ; frons brown with white edges ; eyes brown ; antennal shaft black above, checkered 
white below ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black-brown with white postdiscal band and basal areas blue. Cell, 
half space i and the extreme base of 2 blue. A large triangular spot of the black ground colour 
invading the discal area with apex half-way along the discocellular. Postdiscal white band from 
1-7, its distal edge nearly straight from veins 2-7, and sharply toothed in space 2. A small 
kink basad on vein 7 and narrowing abruptly in space i. The almost straight distal margin 
of the white band distinguishes it from the other members of this group. In specimens from 
Sierra Leone this band is broader. 
Upperside hind wing : dark grey-brown, immaculate. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 131 
Underside fore wing : ground colour brown-grey, the white postdiscal band reproduced as 
above but reaching the costa and becoming pale yellow from space 3 to the costa. Grey sub- 
marginal and marginal lines as in the male. 
Underside hind wing : brown-grey with markings as in the male. 
Length of fore wing : 20 mm. 
Neallotype $. NIGERIA: Lagos Dist., Oshodi. iv.i955. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from: SIERRA LEONE ; IVORY COAST ; NIGERIA ; GHANA : Ashanti. 
Epitola cercene Hewitson 
cj Epitola cercene Hewitson, 1873 : 150. 
Type. ANGOLA. 
Epitola cercene Hewitson ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, /. 
$ Epitola versicolor Kirby, 1887 : 444 (syn. n.). 
Type. CAMEROONS. 
Recorded from : W. AFRICA to UGANDA and ANGOLA. 
Epitola intermedia Roche 
(PL i, fig. 6, PL 2, fig. 15) 
<J Epitola intermedia Roche, 1954 : 49^, pi- 2O > n 8 s - JI > I2 - 
Type. UGANDA : Katera. 
$. Similar to moyambina Bethune-Baker and to cercene Hewitson, but distal edge of fore 
wing white patch more or less rounded and underside different. Legs light brown with lighter 
joints ; palps light brown above and below ; frons light brown with white edges ; eyes brown ; 
antennal shaft black above, checkered minutely white below ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black-brown ; cell and basal third of space i brown with sparse blue 
scales. A broad white postdiscal band with rounded distal edge, just invading the cell proximad. 
A small triangular patch on the discocellular. The white band is slightly dentate in 2 and 3, but 
thereafter rounded and even to vein 9. This band stretches from ia-g, as in cercene. 
Upperside hind wing : dark grey-brown ; immaculate. 
Underside fore wing : very pale brownish grey with white band as above, but slightly yellowish 
near the costa markings in apical area faint. 
Underside hind wing : very pale brownish grey with markings as in the male. 
Length of fore wing ; 18 mm. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Katera. ix.i949. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Katera and Budongo. 
Epitola convexa Roche 
(PL i, fig. 7, PL 2, fig. 16) 
cJ Epitola convexa Roche, 1954 : 496, pi. 20, figs, u, 12. 
Type. UGANDA : Bwamba. 
$. Very similar to the females of moyambina Baker, cercene Hewitson and intermedia Roche. 
Legs brown, heavily scaled whitish ; palps light brown above and below ; eyes brown ; frons 
brown edged whitish ; antennal shaft black above, checkered white below ; club yellow- 
tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black-brown ; basal area of i and cell brown with blue scales, more blue 
than in intermedia but less than in cercene and moyambina. A triangular black spot on the disco- 
cellular, longer and more pointed than in the other species and reaching almost to the lower 
132 T. H. E. JACKSON 
angle of the cell. Broad white postdiscal band, double-toothed in space 2, thereafter narrowing 
in squared steps between 3, 4 and 5, and 6-9, stretching from veins ia-g. 
Upperside hind wing : dark grey-brown ; immaculate. 
Underside fore wing : scarcely differs from cercene Hewitson, except for the slightly different 
distal margin of the white band. Submarginal and marginal lines as in male. 
Underside hind wing : grey-brown, with markings as in the male. 
Length of fore wing ; 21 mm. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Unyoro, Budongo Forest, vm.ig^j. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi and Ouesso ; UGANDA : Bwamba, 
Budongo and Mpigi. 
Epitola cercenoides Holland 
<$ Epitola cercenoides Holland, 1890 : 424. 
Type. GABOON : " Upper waters of the River Ogove." (Carnegie Mus., Pittsburg.) 
$ Epitola batesi Druce, 1910 : 365, pi. 34, figs. 2, 3. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Bitje. 
<$, $ Epitola batesi Druce ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, h. 
Recorded from : WEST AFRICA to UGANDA. 
Epitola uniformis Kirby 
(PI. i, fig. 8, PL 2, fig. 17) 
(J Epitola uniformis Kirby, 1887 : 445. 
Type. NIGERIA : Lagos. 
Epitola uniformis Kirby ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, h. 
$ Epitola versicolor Kirby, 1887 : 444. (Described as the male.) 
Epitola leonina Staudinger ; Seitz, 1920 : 355. 
$. There has been considerable confusion in the past over the females of uni- 
formis Kirby, leonina Staudinger and zelza Hewitson. The female described by 
Kirby, loc. cit. and figured in Seitz, 64, h, is the female of zelza Hewitson. Similarly, 
the female ascribed by Aurivillius in Seitz, p. 355, to leonina Staudinger is the 
female of uniformis Kirby. The following evidence is considered conclusive. 
1. An examination of the underside of leonina Staudinger shows that it belongs to 
the group containing zelza Hewitson, tumentia H. Druce, badura Kirby and nigro- 
venata sp. n. All the females of this group are brown with blue discal areas. It 
seems probable, therefore, that the female of leonina will be similar. Further, in 
the eastern Congo and extreme west of Uganda (Bwamba) leonina flies with a blue 
female and in the west a similar female is found in the same areas as the male. 
2. If the above is correct then the black and white female must belong to uniformis 
and it is significant that this female occurs in all localities cited for the male. The 
only alternative to this is that this black and white female is merely a variety of 
cercenoides Holland with blue scaling covering the disc of the hind wing, an unlikely 
hypothesis, since it would leave uniformis, a comparatively common species, without 
a known female of any sort. On average; also, the females with the blue discal area 
in hind wing, are smaller than those of cercenoides. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 133 
This insect was described by Aurivillius in Seitz, under the name leonina Staudinger, 
but a fuller description is given below : 
. Nearest to cercenoides Holland, but with blue discal area in hind wing. 
Legs dark brown with paler joints ; palps dark brown above and below, also eyes and frons ; 
antennal shaft black above, checkered below ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black-brown ; cell and extreme base of i blue ; a large black triangular 
spot on the discocellular ; broad white postdiscal band not invading the cell and with evenly 
curved distal edge, becoming yellowish towards the costa and stretching from veins la to 9. 
Slight indentations in 2 and 3 but less so than in cercenoides. 
Upperside hind wing : dark brown ; a blue patch covering the basal two-thirds of the cell, 
the extreme base of space 3 and the basal third of i. This blue area is variable ; it may extend 
over the whole cell and beyond or be reduced to some scattered blue scales, but is present in all 
specimens before me. 
Underside fore wing : grey-brown ; the postdiscal band strongly yellow from vein i to the 
costa ; apical markings prominent as in male. Basal grey-brown area distally V-shaped in which 
it differs from cercenoides. 
Underside hind wing : grey-brown with prominent lines as in male. 
Length of fore wing : 16 mm. 
Neallotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso, Ketta Forest, ix.igsg. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; IVORY COAST ; NIGERIA ; GHANA ; GABOON ; 
FR. EQUAT. AFRICA ; CONGO ; N. ANGOLA. 
Epitola dorothea Baker 
(PI. 9, fig. 87, PL 10, fig. 97) 
o*, $ Epitola dorothea Baker, 1904 : 227. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba, Mabangi ; IVORY COAST : Guiglo ; 
GHANA : KUMASI. 
Epitola insulana Aurivillius 
(PI. i, fig. 9, PL 2, fig. 18, PL 9, fig. 88, PL 10, fig. 98) 
cJ Epitola insulana Aurivillius, 1923 : 1203. 
Type. FERNADO Po : San Carlos. (Riksmuseum, Stockholm.) 
$. Legs and palps below pale brown, heavily dusted with grey scales ; palps above darker 
brown ; frons light brown laterally fringed with white ; eyes dark brown ; antennal shaft dark 
brown above, below minutely checkered white ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside : nearest to cercene Hewitson and cercenoides Holland but differs from both in the 
bright blue basal area fore wing. 
Upperside fore wing : black ; broad white postdiscal band from 2-7 broadest in space 2, 8 mm., 
where it almost reaches the margin, slightly invading space i at the distal end and narrowest, 
2 mm., in space 6, proximally this band is straight from vein 7 to the origin of vein 3 and then 
bent distad, running almost along vein 2 ; whole basal area bright blue ; extending in space i 
to within 2 mm. of the margin, small triangular black spot, at junction between white and blue 
areas arising from vein 7. 
Upperside hind wing : plain dark brown. 
Underside fore wing : pale brown with white band of upperside showing through, but exten- 
ding to space i, proximal edge, therefore, straight throughout ; a few faint paler markings in 
apex. 
J34 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Underside hind wing : pale brown, with very faint traces of submarginal and postdiscal lines. 
Length of fore wing : 17 mm. 
Neallotype $. FERNANDO Po : 3,000-4,000 ft., vi. 1926. T. A. Barns. Joicey 
Bequest. 
Known only from Fernando Po. 
An outlying member of this group is Epitola katherinae Poulton, in which the 
female is similar, but the light patch in fore wing is orange. 
Epitola katherinae Poulton 
<J, $ Epitola katherinae Poulton, 1929 : 494, pi. 30, figs. 5, 7. 
Type. NIGERIA : Ibadan. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Oshodi and Ibadan. 
The following species probably belongs here : 
Epitola car ilia Roche 
<$ Epitola carilla Roche, 1954 : 495. pi- 2O > n s - X 3. M- 
Type. UGANDA : Entebbe. 
$ unknown. 
Known only from the type. 
B. $ brown with large blue discal areas in both wings, but no postdiscal white 
line or blue spots ; occasionally the blue area in fore wing is distally white. 
Epitola staudingeri staudingeri Kirby 
(PI. 3, ng. 19, PI. 4, fig. 29) 
cJ Epitola staudingeri Kirby, 1890 : 271. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. (Staudinger Coll.) 
Epitola staudingeri Kirby ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, d. 
$. Legs dark brown, with much lighter scaling at the joints ; palps light brown with whitish 
lateral edges ; antennal shaft, black above, checkered white below ; club tipped bright orange. 
Upper side fore wing : dark brown, with dull blue basal area from inner margin to upper median 
vein covering the cell, but not extending beyond it ; distally very irregular and arranged as 
follows : a long sharply pointed streak in 5, extending half-way along the cellule ; a very small 
spot in the base of 4 ; a streak in 3, 5 mm.; the whole of i and 2 almost to the margin. 
Upperside hind wing : dark brown ; discal and basal dull blue patch from veins 1-6, not 
sharply defined distally ; a broad dark brown border 2-3 mm. but containing scattered blue 
scales ; costal border dark brown. 
Underside : clay coloured, slightly paler along inner margin of fore wing ; faint traces of two 
submarginal crenulate lines on both wings, otherwise unmarked. 
Length of fore wing : 20 mm. 
Neallotype $. SIERRA LEONE : Baudajuma, No. 1898. G. I. Arnold. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE and NIGERIA. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 135 
Epitola staudingeri gordoni Druce 
<J Epitola gordoni Druce, 1903 : 70. 
Type. NIGERIA : Bonny. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
$ unknown. 
The type has been examined in Hope Department, Oxford. The underside 
markings, mentioned by Druce are present to a greater or lesser degree in the series 
in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and gordoni should be considered a synonym of 
staudingeri Kirby. 
Epitola staudingeri aequatorialis ssp. n. 
(PI. 13, figs. I2O, 121, 126, 127) 
This subspecies occurs in French Equatorial Africa, i.e. in the zone usually referred 
to as Gaboon. It differs from the typical race in the female, which is brown, un- 
marked, thus linking it with conception Suffert and elissa Grose-Smith. 
cJ. Does not differ either above or below from the typical race. 
$. Upper side : dark brown, unmarked. 
Underside : pale warm brown ; traces of paler postdiscal spots in fore wing and of submarginal 
and postdiscal crenulate lines in hind wing. 
Length of fore wing : 18 mm. 
Holotype <j>. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Moy en Congo, Etoumbi. ix.ig6o. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Allotype c. Same data as holotype. 
Recorded from : GABOON and FR. EQUAT. AFRICA. 
Epitola mara Talbot (stat. n.) 
(PI. 3, fig. 20, PI. 4, fig. 30) 
<J Epitola staudingeri mara Talbot, 1935 : 75. 
Type. VICT. NYANZA : Nr. Kakindu. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
<3 Epitola jacksoni Roche, 1954 : 49^, pi. 20, figs. 15, 16 (syn. n.). 
Type. Uganda : Katera. 
The type of staudingeri mara has been examined in Hope Department, Oxford 
and found to be identical with the species described by Roche (1954 : 496) under 
the name of Epitola jacksoni which name sinks as a synonym. The present author 
however, agrees with Roche that mara Talbot is not a ssp. of staudingeri Kirby. 
$. Frons, legs, palps light brown ; eyes black ; antennal shaft brown ; club black above 
with pale brown tip, brown below. 
Upperside fore wing : dark brown ; scattered blue scales throughout cell, extended in a streak 
along vein 5 for about half its length ; half of cellule 2 and the whole of i, up to 2 mm. of the 
margin. 
Upperside hind wing : dark brown with basal blue patch extending from vein i to vein 6, 
covering the whole of the cell, and distad to within 5 mm. of the margin. The distal margin of 
the blue patch, however, fades out into the ground colour, without any clearly defined boundary. 
Underside : pale clay coloured on both wings with traces of the postdiscal silvery spots, 
especially the large one on the inner margin ; no other markings. 
Length of fore wing : 20 mm. 
I 3 6 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. xi.i955. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
This species flies high in and under the canopy and can only be taken by building 
a platform in a suitable place ; the males fly later than most Epitola and are still 
moving up to i p.m. The females come down to lay on dead twigs, etc. 
Recorded only from : UGANDA : Masaka Dist., Sango Bay, Katera and Kakindu. 
Epitola leonina Staudinger 
(PL 3, fig. 21, PL 4, fig. 31) 
<$ Epitola leonina Staudinger, 1888 : 268. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. (Staudinger Coll.) 
Epitola leonina Staudinger ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, e. 
Epitola ciconia Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1892 : Afr. Lye. pi. 17, figs., 5, 6. (See Aurivillius, 1898). 
The female described in Seitz (1920 : 355) as E. leonina is the female of uniformis 
Kirby (see explanation under that species) ; the correct female is described below : 
$. Legs dark brown, lighter at the joints ; eyes black ; palps dark brown ; frons grey-brown ; 
antennal shaft brown above, checkered white below ; club black with light brown tip. 
Upperside fore wing : black-brown ; a basal blue patch extending from the inner margin to 
vein 5 and covering the cell except for a streak in the upper angle. The distal edge is broadly 
dentate and includes almost the whole of space i, half 2 and 3 mm. of 3 and 4 ; a fine black line 
along the discocellular as in the male ; veins black. 
Upperside hind wing : black -brown with blue patch from veins 1-6, extending within 3-4 mm. 
of the margin ; veins black. 
Underside : grey-brown ; markings as in the male but more prominent, especially the discal 
and postdiscal lines. 
Length of fore wing 19 mm. 
Neallotype $. NIGERIA: Calabar Prov., Okarara, 111.1958. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; NIGERIA : Okarara and Ikom ; BR. CAMEROONS : 
Mamfe; FR. CAMEROONS : Bitje; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi; UGANDA: Bwamba. 
Epitola badura Kirby 
cJ Epitola badura Kirby, 1890 : 271. 
Type. CAMEROONS. (Missing.) 
Epitola badwia [sic] Kirby ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, g. 
$ Epitola badura Kirby ; Aurivillius in Seitz, 1920 : 355. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Barombi, Bitje, Johann Albrechts Hohe ; FR. 
EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi ; CONGO : Irumu, Beni ; UGANDA : Bwamba. 
Epitola nigrovenata sp. n. 
(PL 3, figs. 22, 23, PL 4, figs. 32, 33) 
This species belongs to the subgroup of leonina Staudinger and badura Kirby. 
cJ, $. Legs dark brown, spotted with whitish yellow at the joints ; palps, eyes and frons 
dark brown. Antennal shaft black above, minutely checkered white below ; club orange-tipped. 
c. Upperside fore wing : black with blue basal and discal area from inner margin to and 
including the cell ; distal edge of this sharply and deeply indented and broken into spdts by 
black along the veins ; veins 2, 3 and 4, the lower median and discocellular all broadly black ; 
along the inner margin in spaces i and 2 the blue colour reaches within - mm. of the margin. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 137 
Upperside hind wing : blue from veins 1-5 from base to margin, only the fringes black ; beyond 
this black to costa ; vein 4 and the median blackened. 
Underside fore wing : dark brownish grey ; obscure silvery submarginal lines becoming 
prominent at inner angle ; fine, silvery subapical and postdiscal lines enclosing a darker band 
of the ground colour ; a few silvery spots in cell. 
Underside hind wing : dark brownish grey with traces of five silvery lines. This underside 
pattern is typical of all members of the subgroup. 
$ Upperside fore wing : black with blue area as in male, differing in extent only in the cell, 
where the basal two-thirds is black ; veins blackened as in male, but finer. 
Upperside hind wing : black ; blue basal area restricted, leaving a broad black border i mm. 
wide at anal angle and 4 mm. on vein 5 ; distal edge not sharply delineated ; vein 4 and the 
median blackened. 
Underside : as in the male but all lines and markings more prominent. 
Length of fore wing : <$ 23 mm., $ 24 mm. 
Holotype <$. S. NIGERIA : Oban, 11.1921. Cator Coll. 
Allotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Moyen Congo, Etoumbi, iii . 1959. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded only from the two localities mentioned above. 
Epitola tumentia Druce 
(PI. 3, fig. 24, PI. 4, fig. 34) 
cj Epitola tumentia Druce, 1910 : 366, pi. 33, fig. 15. 
Type. NIGERIA : Afikpo. 
Epitola tumentia Druce ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, g. 
$. Very similar to the female of leonina Staudinger. Legs dark brown with paler joints ; 
palps dark brown ; eyes black ; frons grey-brown ; antennal shaft black above, finely checkered 
black and white below ; club black with orange tip. 
Upperside fore wing : black-brown with blue basal patch extending almost as in leonina, but 
slightly restricted in space 4 ; veins not or little blackened ; black discocellular streak finer. 
Upperside hind wing : black-brown with blue basal patch from veins 1-6 ; distal edge ill- 
defined ; margin i mm. at vein i and 3 mm. at vein 6 ; veins not blackened. 
Underside : as in the male ; differs from leonina Staudinger in the greyer, less brown, ground 
colour and in the thick silvery conjoined double submarginal lines in both wings. Length of 
fore wing : 18 mm. 
Neallotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA: Moyen Congo, Etoumbi. xii.i958. 
T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Mamu, Awka Dist., and Uwet ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : 
Ouesso and Etoumbi. 
Epitola zelza Hewitson 
(PI. 9, fig. 84, PI. 10, fig. 94) 
3 Epitola zelza Hewitson, 1873 : 151. 
Type. NIGERIA : Old Calabar. 
Epitola zelza Hewitson ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, e. 
Epitola badia Kirby, 1887 : 444. 
Type. CAMEROONS. 
$ Epitola uniformis Kirby ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, h. 
$ figured in Seitz, pi. 64, h, as uniformis Kirby and described under that species. 
A redescription is given below of the male ; cf. Aurivillius in Seitz, who states that 
I 3 8 T. H. E. JACKSON 
this species was described from a damaged specimen and borne out by the figure, 
which is totally incorrect. This figure is but a copy of Hewitson's figure in ///. 
Diurn. Lep. Suppl. pi. ib, figs. 15, 16. 
. Legs brown with paler joints ; palps mouse-brown ; eyes black ; frons black-brown ; 
antennal shaft black above, finely checkered white below ; club black with pale brown tip. 
Upperside fore wing : black with bright blue basal patch from inner margin to vein 7 ; distal 
edge evenly curved but dentate, reaches almost to margin in i ; costa broadly black ; median 
vein swollen at base. 
Upperside hind wing : blue from vein i nearly to 7, with narrow black distal margin. 
Underside fore wing : mouse-grey with faint but distinct dentate lines, two submarginal, one 
postdiscal, one shorter, across end of cell ; some faint spots in cell. 
Underside hind wing : mouse-grey with five pale dentate lines ; two submarginal, one post- 
discal, one across end of cell, one very faint across cell. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Mamu, Awka, Udi, Eket, Oban and Uwet ; FR. 
EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi and Ouesso ; Co:; GO : Lowa Valley. 
Epitola gerina Hewitson 
o* Epitola gerina Hewitson, 1878 : 19, pi. ib, figs. 13, 14. 
Type. CONGO. 
Epitola gerina Hewitson ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, b. 
$ Epitola goodii Holland, 1890 : 24. 
Type. GABOON : " Upper waters of the River Ogove." (Carnegie Mus., Pittsburg.) 
. Epitola zelica Kirby, 1890 : 272. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Barombi. 
Epitola daveyi Roche 
o*, $ Epitola daveyi Roche, 1954 : 499> P^ 2O > ^S 8 - T 9> 2 9 6* ; n g s - 2I . 22 ? 
Type. SE. NIGERIA : Isoba. 
Known only from the types. 
Epitola albomaculata Baker 
(J Epitola albomaculata Baker, 1903 : 329. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
Epitola albomaculata Baker ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, e. 
9 Epitola albomaculata Baker, 1904 : 230. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba ; NIGERIA : Warri. 
Epitola liana Roche 
(PI. 13, figs. 119, 125) 
6* Epitola liana Roche, 1954 ' 5> pi- 2I > n s - 2 3- 2 4- 
Type. UGANDA : Bwamba. 
9- Legs white ; palps white with black tips, frons white ; eyes brown ; antennal shaft 
black above ; finely checkered white below. 
Upperside fore wing : black with dark blue basal area from the upper median to inner margin 
and extending distad as follows : upper half of cell and space 4 white to within 3 mm. of margin ; 
base of spaces 2 and 3 blue and a large white spot mid-way in 2 ; space i blue, distally white to 
within 2 mm. of margin. A small black streak on the discocellular. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 139 
Upper side hind wing : dark grey ; blue basal patch from veins 1-6, covering half space 2 and 
the bases of 3-6 ; a large whitish spot mid-way in 5 and 6 and space 8 whitish ; a fine black 
streak on the discocellular ; fine black marginal line and fringes checkered. 
Underside : as in the male, but white ground colour more prominent. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. viii.igSo. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Budongo, Katera and Bwamba. 
Epitola nitide Druce 
$ Epitola nitide Druce, 1910 : 336, pi. 34, fig. i. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Bitje, Ja River. 
Epitola nitida [sic] Druce ; Seitz, 1920 : 356. 
$ Epitola subalba Baker, 1915 : 190. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Bitje. 
Epitola nitide Druce ; Dufrane, 1953 : 50 [Redescription] . 
Recorded from : GHANA : Ho, Kapandu ; CAMEROONS : Bitje ; FR. EQUAT. 
AFRICA : Kelle ; UGANDA : Mukono, Katera. 
Epitola virginea Baker 
9- Epitola virginea Baker, 1904 : 230. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
$ Epitola virginea Baker ; Roche, 1954 : 5 OI > pi- 2O - n S s - T 7> l8 - 
Allotype (J. SIERRA LEONE : Daru. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba, Daru ; GHANA : Kumasi. 
C. $$. Plain brown above. 
Epitola conception Suffert 
$ Epitola concepcion Suffert, 1904 : 54. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Barombi (Berlin Mus.). 
Epitola concepcion Suffert ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, a. 
$ Epitola concepcion Suffert ; Aurivillius, 1923 : 1199. 
Allotype, S. CAMEROONS : Molundu. 
There are no specimens of this species in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) or in 
the author's collection. 
Epitola elissa Grose-Smith 
(PI. 3, fig. 25; PI. 4, fig. 35) 
$ Epitola elissa Grose-Smith, 1898 : 354. 
Type. NIGERIA : Warri. 
Epitola oniensis Baker, 1913 : 501. 
Type. NIGERIA : Oni near Lagos. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
$. Legs brown with paler joints, almost checkered ; palps pale brown with black tips ; 
eyes black ; frons dark brown ; antennal shaft dark brown above, checkered below ; club 
yellow -tipped. 
Upperside : plain dark brown in both wings ; no markings. 
ENTOM. 12, 3. 9 
140 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Underside fore wing : warm brown ; two faint dentate submarginal lines ; a stronger post- 
discal crescentric line from costa to vein 2 ; no other marks ; space i pale grey. 
Underside hind wing : warm brown ; traces of four-dentate lines all distad of the cell and 
broken into spots. Both wings with fine dark margins. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
Neallotype $. NIGERIA : Ogoja Prov., Ikom. 11.1956. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba ; NIGERIA : Ikom and Warri ; 
BR. CAMEROONS : Mamfe. 
Epitola ikoya Roche 
$, $ Epitola ikoya Roche, 1954 : 497- pi- T 9> ^S s - 5~6 <? ; 7, 8 $. 
Type. NIGERIA : Lagos. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Oshodi, Mamu Forest, Ubiaja. 
D. .$. Brown with blue discal areas in both wings and a series of white postdiscal 
spots, fore wing. 
Epitola congoana Aurivillius 
(J, 9- Epitola congoana Aurivillius, 1923 : 1201. 
Type. CONGO : Kimuenza. (Riksmuseum Stockholm.) 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Oshodi and Ubiaja ; CONGO : Kimuenza. 
Epitola flavoantennata Roche 
o*, - Epitola flavoantennata Roche, 1954 : 495< P^ I 9- ^8 S - *> 2 <3 '> 3. 4 $ 
Type. CAMEROONS : Bitje, Ja River. Taken in cop. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Bitje ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ketta and Mambili ; 
CONGO : Beni and Lubilinga Valley, Lubutu. 
Epitola carcina Hewitson 
$ Epitola carcina Hewitson, 1873 : 150. 
Type. NIGERIA : Old Calabar. 
cf, $ Epitola kholifa Baker, 1904 : 229. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
<J, 9 Epitola carcina Hewitson ; Aurivillius in Seitz, 1920 : 353, pi, 65, d. 
9 Epitola entebbeana Baker, 1926 : 392. 
Allotype. NIGERIA : Oban. 
Epitola coerulea sp. n. 
(PI. 3, figs. 26, 27, PL 4, figs. 36, 37) 
Nearest to carcina. Hewitson. 
<J. Legs very dark brown with small pale bands' at the joints ; palps dark grey -brown above 
and below ; frons dark brown ; eyes rather browner than in other species ; antennal shaft 
black above, checkered black and white below ; club with orange tip. 
Upper side fore wing : black with shining azure blue basal patch, much brighter and more 
extended than in carcina ; blue colour extends from inner margin to vein 7, filling half spaces 
5 and 6, more than half 3 and 4, and almost the whole of i and la, distally evenly curved, 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 141 
reaching almost to the margin in i. A basal scent patch in the base of space i, overlapping a 
little into the cell ; in carcina this patch extends also into la and the blue colour is restricted in 
4 and 5, and is often absent in 6. Vein i, the median and subcostal swollen at base. 
Upper side hind wing : much as in carcina ; blue from veins 1-6 with fine black margin ; 
costal margin broadly black. 
Underside : differs from carcina in the paler ground colour, less contrasting pattern and in the 
much smaller silvery area along the inner margin, which in carcina reaches vein 3, and in coerulea 
scarcely to vein 2. 
Underside fore wing : dark grey with pale silvery markings as follows : a crescentric submargi- 
nal line, followed by a broad second line almost a band ; two very faintly defined postdiscal 
lines about 3 mm. apart on vein 4, enclosing a darker patch of the ground colour ; silvery at 
base of costa ; an inner marginal silvery patch in the distal half of space i and la reaching to vein 
2. 
Underside hind wing : dark grey with pale silvery markings ; a submarginal crescentric line, 
followed by a broad area of silvery scales ; two well-defined postdiscal lines divided into spots 
and enclosing a darker band 2 mm. wide ; some scattered silvery spots in cell and basal area. 
Length of fore wing : 20 mm.; on the whole slightly larger than carcina. 
$ differs from carcina Hewitson in the larger size, and paler brighter blue areas. 
Antennae, etc. as in male. 
Upperside fore wing : black ; bright light blue basal patch from vein i to cell and distad only 
to lower angle of space 4, half 2 and 3, and most of i and la. Distal edge dentate, slightly 
extended to i, to within 2 mm. of margin. A black streak on the discocellular more prominent 
than in carcina ; four large white postdiscal spots in 4-7 in an even curve from half-way along 
costa. 
Upperside hind wing : black with restricted light blue patch from veins 1-6 ; black costal 
margin and black border 4 mm. wide throughout ; distal margin of blue area quite even, but not 
sharply defined. 
Underside : greyish brown ; very similar to carcina Hewitson. 
Underside fore wing : two pale submarginal crescentric lines ; a postdiscal series of large 
whitish spots on the veins from 2-7 and a streak in 8. No basal spots. 
Underside hind wing : two crescentric submarginal lines with much silvery, scaling between 
them ; a postdiscal series of small whitish spots ; an obscure double irregular line across end of 
cell, and a few scattered basal spots. Margins fine ; dark brown. 
Length of fore wing : 23 mm. (18 mm. in carcina). 
Holotype J. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Moyen Congo, Etoumbi. 111.1959. T. H E. 
Jackson. 
Allotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso, Mambili Forest, viii.1959. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Flies with carcina in the same area in FR. EQUAT. AFRICA. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso and Etoumbi. 
Epitola dunia Kirby 
(PI. 3, ng. 28, PI. 4, fig. 38) 
<J Epitola dunia Kirby, 1887 : 441. 
Type. CAMEROONS. 
Epitola dunia Kirby ; Grose-Smith & Kirby, i. 1889 : Lye. Afr. pi. 7, figs, i, 2. 
This species was not mentioned by Aurivillius in Seitz and it appears that he 
considered it a synonym of carcina Hewitson. 
$. Similar to the females of carcina Hewitson, coerulea sp. n. and flavoantennata Roche, but 
darker with restricted blue areas and a thick black streak on the hind wing discocellular. 
I 4 2 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Legs dark brown with some small light spots at the joints ; palps dark grey-brown above and 
below ; eyes brown ; frons dark brown ; antennal shaft black above and minutely checkered 
white below ; club yellow tipped. 
Upper side fore wing : black with blue inner marginal patch covering a little over half la and 
1 and 2 to within 2 mm. of the margin ; occasionally two blue spots in cell divided by black 
ground colour. A series of four postdiscal white spots in 4-7 in an even curve to the middle of 
the costa. 
Upperside hind wing : black with blue area covering the cell, base of 1-3, and half 3 and 4, 
distally variable in extent. A thick black streak on the discocellular occasionally reduced to a 
fine line. Broad dark border ; blue more restricted than in allied species. 
Underside : light brown as in carcina and coerulea. 
Underside fore wing : two faint pale crescentric submarginal lines ; series of prominent post- 
discal white spots from 2-7, but sometimes missing in 3 ; a silvery white patch in i and la about 
2 mm. from margin to half the cellules ; no basal spots. 
Underside hind wing : two crescentric submarginal lines and a postdiscal series of small whitish 
spots ; markings faint or sometimes well defined. 
Length of fore wing : 17 mm. 
Neallotype $. NIGERIA: Ogoja Prov., Ikom. 11.1956. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Mano ; NIGERIA : Ikom, Benin, Oban, Warri 
and Uwet ; BR. CAMEROONS : Mamfe, Barombi. 
The following species probably belongs here : 
Epitola iturina Joicey & Talbot 
(PL 9, fig. 86 ; PL 10, fig. 96) 
o* Epitola iturina Joicey & Talbot, 1921 : 85, pi. 14, fig. 62. 
Type. CONGO : forest between Ituri and Lindi Rivers, SW. of Avakubi. 
Epitola bella Aurivillius, 1923 : 1200, taf. i, fig. 2. 
Type. CAMEROONS : N'gumesok. (Riksmuseum, Stockholm.) 
$ unknown. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Bitje, N'gumesok ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : 
Etoumbi and Mambili ; CONGO : Lusambo, Lowowo Valley, Ituri River. 
THE PINODES GROUP 
A. $$. Plain brown above, sometimes with small obscure pale postdiscal spots 
in fore wing. 
Epitola viridana viridana Joicey & Talbot 
(PL 5, fig. 39; PL 6, fig. 49) 
o* Epitola viridana Joicey & Talbot, 1921 : 84, pi. 14, figs. 58, 59. 
Type. CONGO : South side of Ituri River, 5 days west of Irumu. 
.. Legs brown and white checkered ; palps whitish below with black tips, dark brown above ; 
eyes dark brown ; frons dark brown ; antennal shaft black above, checkered below ; club 
minutely yellow tipped, below only. 
Upperside : plain brown ; traces of 3 or 4 very faint postdiscal spots in 4, 5 and 6 fore wing. 
Underside fore wing : as in the male ; brown with broad black inner marginal streak from 
2-5 ; prominent pale postdiscal spots in 4-7, and a pale spot in 2 in the black area ; two pale 
crescentric submarginal lines. Space i pale, whitish. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 143 
Underside hind wing : brown ; a series of three obscure parallel crescentric lines in the marginal 
area. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Bwamba. ix.i94i. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Taken in cop. 
The males of this species fly in clearings or over clumps of bush at the edge of the 
forest from about 9-9.30 a.m. The females fly later laying on dead twigs. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi, Ouesso ; CONGO : Epulu, 
Upper Lowa Valley, Yanga ; UGANDA : Bwamba, Kigezi, Katera, Budongo, Jinja, 
W. Elgon, etc. 
Epitola viridana radiata Baker 
cj, $ Epitola radiata Baker, 1926 : 393. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Bitje, Ja River. 
Recorded from : CAMEROONS : Bitje, Johann Albrechts Hb'he. 
Epitola pinodes Druce 
o* Epitola pinodes Druce, 1890 : 24. 
Type. NIGERIA : Lagos. 
$ Epitola pinodes Druce ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, a. 
Epitola pinodes Druce ; Grose-Smith & Kirby, iv.iSgi : Afr. Lye. pi. 13, figs, i, 2. 
Type missing. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba, Batkanu ; IVORY COAST ; NIGERIA : 
Eket. 
Epitola orientalis Roche 
(PI. 5, fig. 42 ; PI. 6, fig. 52) 
Epitola orientalis Roche, 1954 : 499> pi- 22 > n s - 35> 3^- 
Type. UGANDA : Bwamba. 
Very similar to viridana Joicey & Talbot, but differs below. 
$. Legs brown and white checkered ; palps whitish, streaked black below with black tips, 
above basally whitish with long black tips ; frons dark brown ; antennal shaft black above, 
checkered white and black below ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside : plain dark brown with four bluish postdiscal spots from 4-7 on fore wing. 
Underside : as in the male, cf. figure in Roche loc. cit.; the dark postdiscal band in hind wing 
below is plainly visible. 
Length of fore wing : 16 mm. 
Neallotype $. KENYA: Kakamega. ix.i937. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Males of this species were taken at Lake Nabugabo flying over clumps of bushes 
early in the morning. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Bwamba and Lake Nabugabo ; KENYA : Kakamega. 
Epitola catuna Kirby 
(PI. 5, fig. 40 ; PI. 6, fig. 50) 
cj Epitola catuna Kirby, 1890 : 273. 
Type. CAMEROONS. (Staudinger Coll.) 
Epitola catuna Kirby ; Grose-Smith & Kirby, iv.i892 : Lye. Afr. pi. 17, figs, n, 12. 
144 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Epitola catuna Kirby ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, g. 
9 Epitola mus Suffert, 1904 : 53 (syn. n.). 
Type. CAMEROONS : Barombi Station. (Berlin Mus.) 
Epitola mus Suffert ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, e. 
The type of Epitola mus Suffert has been examined and proves to be a female of 
Epitola catuna Kirby. 
$ Legs brown with small pale spots on the joints ; palps dark brown above and below ; frons 
and eyes brown ; antennal shaft black above, checkered below ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside : plain dark brown ; immaculate. 
Underside fore wing : brownish grey as in the male ; inner margin broadly pale, then base to 
vein 5 very slightly darker than ground colour, a few obscure marks in apical area. 
Underside hind wing : brownish grey ; three very faint crescentric lines in submarginal and 
postdiscal areas. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Bwamba, Bundibugyo. .1954. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : FERNANDO Po ; SPANISH GUINEA : Riomuni ; BR. CAMEROONS : 
Barombi ; FR. CAMEROONS : Bitje ; GABOON : Kuilu ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : 
Ouesso and Etoumbi ; CONGO : Epulu, Beni, Ituri ; UGANDA : Bugoma, Budongo, 
Bwamba, Toro, etc. 
Epitola carpenteri Baker 
(PL 5, ng. 41, PL 6, fig. 51, PL 9, fig. 83, PL 10, fig. 93) 
cj Epitola carpenteri Baker, 1921 : 462. 
Type. UGANDA : Bugalla Is. Lutoboka. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
It has apparently been overlooked by Roche et al., that Baker described the male 
of the above species in his original description, loc. cit. and designated a holotype. 
This specimen has been examined in the Hope Dept., Oxford and found to belong 
to a species near catuna Kirby. Baker's allotype female belongs to a different species, 
Epitola azurea sp. n., which is described later in this paper. 
To add to the original description of the male, it may be said that carpenteri differs from catuna 
in the more prominent blue streaks on fore wing in spaces 4 and 5, in the wider black border in 
hind wing and in the different underside. In the former, the underside ground colour is warm 
brown instead of dark grey ; the black basal patch, fore wing, is much more prominent, as are 
also the darker submarginal and discal lines in hind wing. Further, it is larger ; length of fore 
wing ; 15 mm.; in catuna 13-14 mm. 
$. Upperside : plain dark brown in both wings, with some very scattered blue scales in the 
discal and postdiscal areas of the fore wing. 
Underside : as in the male, but paler ; the pale markings in the cell of fore wing less distinct. 
Length of fore wing : 14 mm. 
Neallotype?. UGANDA: Sesse Isles, Bugalla Is. ix-x.igsS. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded only from : UGANDA : Sesse Isles, Bugalla and Entebbe. 
This species is very near catuna Kirby, but the differences are deemed sufficient 
to accord it specific rank, especially since catuna is known to occur very near 
Entebbe. 
Both sexes have been taken feeding on low shrubs among Crematogaster ants at 
the edge of the forest on Bugalla. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 145 
Epitola ghesquieri Roche 
(PL 5, fig- 43, PL 6, fig. 53) 
<J Epitola ghesquieri Roche, 1954 : 498, pi. 22, figs. 33, 34. 
Type. CONGO : Equateur Dist., Eala. (M.R.C.B., Tervuren.) 
$.. Legs black with small pale spots at the joints ; palps black above and below ; eyes 
brown ; frons black ; antennal shaft black above and checkered black and white below ; club 
orange tipped. 
Upperside : plain dark brown ; no markings. 
Underside fore wing : dove grey ; large black area between veins 2 and 5 from base to within 
i mm. of margin, broadly club-shaped. Two very faint crenulate submarginal lines. 
Underside hind wing : dove grey, markings scarcely visible but faint traces of submarginal 
lines. 
Length of fore wing : 13 mm. 
Taken in cop. 
Neallotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso, Ketta Forest, x.i^g. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso Dist. ; CONGO : Equateur Dist., 
Eala. 
Epitola nigeriae sp. n. 
(PI. 5, figs. 44, 45, PI. 6, figs. 54, 55) 
Above nearest to ghesquieri Roche, but quite different below. 
$. Legs black, spotted with white at the joints ; palps black above, below spotted white and 
with white tips, covered in long hair ; eyes brown ; frons black, hairy ; antennal shaft black 
above, checkered black and white below ; club minutely yellow-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black ; some scattered dark blue scales in the upper basal portion of 
cellule i. Vein i for half its length, the median, subcostal and costal swollen. 
Upperside hind wing : black with very dark blue basal and discal patch from veins 1-6 ; 
inner margin black ; border black of even width throughout just over i mm. Median vein and 
extending half-way along vein 4 blackened ; veins 2 and 3 also black. 
Underside fore wing : dark grey ; traces of the crenulate submarginal lines only visible under 
a glass ; a club-shaped black patch from base to within i mm. of the distal margin, rounded 
distally between veins 2-5 ; a large square patch of the ground colour on the distal half of the 
inner margin. 
Underside hind wing : dark grey ; the usual crenulate lines scarcely visible. 
?. Upperside : plain dark brown, fringes light brown. 
Underside : exactly as in the male but ground colour ochreous brown ; the lighter patch on 
the distal margin, fore wing, confined to space ia. 
Length of fore wing : $ and $ 16 mm. 
Holotype <$. NIGERIA: Ogoja Prov., Ikom. X.IQ55. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Allotype $. NIGERIA: Ogoja Prov., Ikom. 1.1956. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Ikom ; CAMEROONS : Bitje ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : 
Ouesso Dist. 
Epitola nigra Baker 
<J, $ Epitola nigra Baker, 1903 : 331. 
Types. SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba ; NIGERIA : Eket ; CAMEROONS : 
Bitje. 
146 T. H. E. JACKSON 
B. $$ brown with 3-4 white (or pale blue) postdiscal spots beyond cell and between 
cell and inner margin of fore wing ; hind wing broadly suffused blue to very pale 
blue, between veins I and 6 from base to margin, or occasionally with only a few 
scattered blue scales. 
Epitola cephena Hewitson 
The female described by Hewitson as cephena is the female of doleta Kirby, and 
the former having priority the name doleta must sink as a synonym. The male 
placed by Roche (1954 : 501) to cephena is mercedes Suffert, and has a different 
female. 
Epitola cephena cephena Hewitson 
. Epitola cephena Hewitson, 1873 : 151. 
Type. GABOON. 
Epitola cephena Hewitson ; Hewitson, 1878 : pi. ib, figs., 9, 10. 
Epitola cephena Hewitson ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 65, e. 
3 Epitola doleta Kirby, 1890 : 273 (syn. n.). 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
Epitola doleta Kirby ; Grose-Smith & Kirby, iv.i892 : Lye. Afr. pi. 17, figs, i, 2. 
Epitola doleta Kirby ; Seitz, 1920 : pi. 64, g. 
Phytala leonina Baker, 1903 : 328. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
Epitola leonensis Baker, 1904 : 227. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba, Fula Wusu ; CAMEROONS : Bitje ; 
NIGERIA : Eket, Oshodi, Ubiaja ; GHANA : Kumasi ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso ; 
GABOON. 
Epitola cephena entebbeana Baker (stat. n.) 
(PI. 5, fig. 46; PI. 6, fig. 56) 
cJ Epitola entebbeana Baker, 1926 : 392. 
Type. UGANDA : Entebbe. 
$. As pointed out by Roche (1954), the female described by Baker belongs to 
carcina Hewitson and the true female is undescribed. 
.. Legs whitish, unmarked ; palps below whitish brown, tips brown, eyes black ; antennal 
shaft black above, finely checkered white below ; club minutely tipped orange ; frons grey-brown. 
Upper side fore wing : very similar to cephena cephena Hewitson, ground colour black ; three 
white blue-edged postdiscal spots in 5-7, half-way along costa ; an inner marginal bluish-white 
patch covering the basal half of la, and most of i and 2 to within 2 and i mm. of margin, 
respectively ; the spot in 2 white, except in the base. 
Upperside hind wing : brownish black ; scattered blue scales across cell and bases of spaces 
i-5- 
Underside fore wing : whitish grey with jet black patch from base to i mm. of margin between 
veins 2 and 5 ; four white postdiscal spots in 4^7, that in 4 a streak and that in 5 large and trian- 
gular ; a streak and large white spot in distal half of i in the black patch ; space ia pale grey. 
Underside hind wing : pale grey unmarked, as in the typical subspecies. 
Length of fore wing : 17 mm. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 147 
Neallotype - CONGO BELGE : Mambasa, Epulu. x.iq^j. T. H. E. Jackson. 
The males behave as in other species, flying in clearings early in the morning. 
Recorded from : CONGO : Beni, Epulu, Middle Lowa Valley ; UGANDA : Entebbe, 
Mpigi, W. Elgon. 
Epitola mercedes Suffert 
(PI. 5, %. 47 : PL 6- fig- 57) 
<3 Epitola mercedes Suffert, 1904 : 53. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Johann Albrechts Hohe. (Berlin Mus.) 
cJ Epitola cephena Hewitson ; Roche, 1954 : 5 OI > P^ 22 - n s - 3 1 - 3 2 - 
Roche (1954) was well aware that there were two forms of female associated 
with cephena Hewitson, but considered them to be varieties of the same thing. This, 
however, is incorrect ; the heavily marked form as figured in Seitz, belongs to 
cephena and agrees well with the female of the eastern subspecies entebbeana Baker 
and the more lightly marked insect is the female of mercedes Suffert. 
The type of Epitola mercedes Suffert has been examined, and there is no doubt 
that it is identical with the male described by Roche (1954) as cephena Hewitson. 
$. Legs brown with paler joints ; eyes black ; irons brown ; palps pale brown below, dark 
brown above ; antennal shaft black above, strongly checkered white below ; club orange- 
tipped. 
Upper side fore wing : greyish black ; blue postdiscal spots in 5 and 6 and a trace of a third in 
7 ; two others, larger, about mid -way in spaces i and 2. No other marks. 
Upperside hind wing : greyish black ; a small rounded blue spot at the end of cell, but some- 
times unmarked, which is also true of the male. 
Underside fore wing : brownish grey ; postdiscal whitish spots in i and 2, as above, and in 
4-6 ; jet black streak between veins 2-5, erupting into space 5, from base to i mm. of margin ; 
obscure crenulated submarginal lines. 
Underside hind wing : brownish grey with much grey scaling ; two obscure crenulated sub- 
marginal lines. 
Length of fore wing : 16 mm. 
Neallotype ?. NIGERIA: Lagos Dist., Oshodi. ^.1955. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Both sexes were seen at Oshodi flying low down, in deep shape under Crematogaster- 
infested trees. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Lagos Dist. ; CAMEROONS : Johann Albrechts Hohe. 
Epitola ouesso sp. n. 
(PI. 7, figs. 59, 60 ; PI. 8, figs. 69, 70) 
Nearest to cephena Hewitson in the male and to pinodes Druce and mercedes 
Suffert in the female. 
cJ. Legs dark brown with small paler joints ; palps dark brown above and below with some 
grey hairs ; frons black ; eyes brown ; antennal shaft black above, finely white checkered 
below ; club yellow-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black ; dark blue streak in lower half of cell and dark blue spots in 
extreme base of 2 and basal half of i. 
Upperside hind wing : black ; dark blue patch covering cell and basal half of 4 and 5 ; more 
cattered blue scales in 1-3 ; no postdiscal spots and no other markings. 
148 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Underside fore wing : dark brown, no grey coloration ; black basal streak restricted by ground 
colour in 1-3 ; no postdiscal spots or other markings. 
Underside hind wing : dark brown, usual markings scarcely visible. 
$. Very similar to female mercedes Suffert differing only below, and in the extended blue in 
hind wing above. 
Upperside forewing : brownish black ; small blue postdiscal spots in 57, and in base of i 
and 2. 
Upperside hind wing : obscurely scaled blue from cell to mid-way in 4 and 5 and in the base of 
i and 2, otherwise brownish black. 
Underside fore wing : browner than in mercedes ; upper edge of black inner marginal patch 
perfectly straight along vein 5 ; in mercedes there is a broad extension mid-way into space 5 ; 
large postdiscal white spots in black area in i and 2 ; very small white spots in 4-7. 
Underside hind wing : brown, faint traces of submarginal and postdiscal crenulate lines. 
Length of fore wing : $ and ? 16 mm. 
Holotype <$. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA: Ouesso, Ketta Forest. X.IQSQ. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Allotype $. Same data as holotype. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso Dist. ; only the types. 
Epitola azurea sp. n. 
(PI. 7, fig. 61, PI. 8, fig. 71) 
$ Epitola carpenteri Baker, 1921 : 462, pi. 22, figs. 37, 38. 
Allotype. UGANDA : Dama Is., L. Victoria. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
The male associated with this female by Roche belongs to mpangensis sp. n. 
See below. 
o*. Legs brown with pale spots on joints ; palps pale whitish below with dark tips, black 
above ; frons whitish grey with broad brown median band ; antennal shaft black above, finely 
checkered white below ; club pale-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black with pale bright blue spots as follows : a spot in base of cell, 
another linear and irregular in centre, a large spot covering all of i to within 2 mm. of margin, 
another spot in base of 2 and a few blue scales in la ; a black spot of the ground colour usually, 
but not always present in upper centre of blue area in i. 
Upperside hind wing : black ; large pale bright blue discal area from veins 1-6 ; narrow black 
margin and black costal area. 
Underside fore wing : silvery grey ; black inner marginal streak bounded by vein 5 ; two very 
large silvery white spots in distal half of i and 2, almost obliterating the black area distally ; 
silvery crescentric submarginal lines ; three silvery spots in line, horizontally along upper edge 
of black area. 
Underside hind wing : silvery grey ; heavily irrorated with silver scales throughout ; sub- 
marginal and postdiscal silvery crescentric lines and a square silvery patch in the base of 4. 
Length of fore wing : 13 mm. 
This species differs from mpangensis sp. n. in the much paler brighter blue, the 
extended blue area of fore wing and in the smaller expanse. A series of males 
were taken in the type locality, with females and there is no doubt as to its identity. 
Holotype $. That described by Baker as allotype of E. carpenteri Baker. 
Allotype <$. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. .1956. T. H. E. Jack- 
son. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 149 
The males fly under the canopy, never venturing outside ; flight is fast but short 
and continues later than in most species up to about n a.m. The females fly later, 
laying on lichen-covered tree trunks. So far known only from this locality. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Sango Bay, Katera, Dama Is., L. Victoria. 
Epitola mpangensis sp. n. 
(PL 5, ng. 48, PL 6, fig. 58) 
6* Epitola carpenteri Baker ; Roche, 1954 : 5 OO > pi- 22 > n 8 s - 37- 3 8 - 
<. Described and figured by Roche, loc. cit., as carpenteri Baker. 
9. Similar to azurea sp. n., but with much darker underside. 
Legs dark brown with pale spots on the joints ; palps dark grey below, pale grey above with 
black tips ; frons and eyes dark brown ; antennal shaft checkered white above and below ; 
club with minute yellow tip. 
Upperside fore wing : black ; four white blue-edged postdiscal spots in 4-7 ; a large white 
spot covering most of 2 ; space i blue, distally bluish white to within 2 mm. of margin, space 
i a blue from base to middle. 
Upperside hind wing : black ; large blue discal area from veins 1-6, distally paler ; border 
of even width about 3 mm. 
Underside fore wing : brownish grey ; postdiscal spots in 4-7 and i and 2 much larger than 
in azurea, the latter filling up most of the black inner marginal streak ; latter as in azurea ; 
submarginal lines merged into wide grey border. 
Underside hind wing : brownish grey with two submarginal and one postdiscal crenulate lines 
and square grey patch in 4 as in azurea ; scattered basal grey spots. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
This species can be distinguished from azurea in the male by the darker blue and 
more restricted spots on fore wing and by the greater expanse. In the female by 
the darker underside. 
Holotype <. That cited by Roche, loc. cit., as " Allotype " <$ Epitola carpenteri 
Baker. UGANDA : Bwamba. x.i94i. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Allotype ?. UGANDA: Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, viii.igsg. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Recorded from : CONGO : Lowa Valley and Katanga ; UGANDA : Bwamba and 
Mpigi. 
Epitola katerae sp. n. 
(PL 7, figs. 62, 63, PL 8, figs. 72, 73) 
In the male nearest to ghesquieri Roche, nigeriae sp. n. and mercedes Suffert of the 
previous group and in the female to azurea sp. n. and mpangensis sp. n. 
cJ. Legs brown with very small pale spots at the joints ; frons and eyes brown ; palps brown 
below with some grey hairs, brown above with black tips ; antennal shaft checkered black and 
white above and below (a very unusual character) ; club black, very minutely orange-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : black ; immaculate. 
Upperside hind wing : black with dark blue discal basal patch between veins 1-6, covering 
only the basal portions of spaces 1-5 and ending distally in scattered blue scales ; a wide black 
distal border, 3-4 mm. and black costal border ; veins 2-4 black ; distal edge of blue patch 
ill-defined. 
Underside fore wing : dark grey ; black inner-marginal streak between veins 2-5 ; large 
pale grey square spot in distal part of i and ia ; postdiscal pale spots in 4-7, conjoined to form 
a line ; another larger silvery spot in 2 ; margin speckled with silvery scales. 
150 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Underside hind wing : dark grey ; irrorated with silvery scales, the individual lines obscured ; 
a more prominent patch of silver scales in the base of 4 and 5. 
$. Very similar to azurea. 
Legs, eyes, palps and frons much as in male, but paler ; antennal shaft checkered on both 
surfaces as in male (in azurea jet-black above in both sexes). 
Upper side fore wing : greyish black ; large white, blue-edged postdiscal spots in 4-7, the latter 
a streak ; another, broad, elongate in 2 to i mm. of margin ; the whole of i to 2 mm. of margin 
light bluish ; basal half of la, also, bluish ; a small black streak from mid -way along median 
vein, invading blue area in i. 
Upper side hind wing : paler, blackish grey ; pale bluish basal-discal patch from veins 1-6, 
distal and costal borders of ground colour, former about 2 mm.; the blue area slightly paler 
distally. 
Underside fore wing : differs from azurea in the greater amount of dark ground colour and 
from mpangensis in the absence, as such, of the inner-marginal black streak, which in this species 
merges into the discal ground colour. Ground colour dark grey-brown ; large white patch on 
inner-margin comprising the postdiscal spots in i and 2 and covering the whole distal half of i 
and more than half 2 ; white postdiscal spots in 4-7 above ; a prominent thick white submarginal 
crenulate line ; apex and distal border thickly irrorated with silvery white scales. 
Underside hind wing : brownish grey ; the whole covered with silvery white scales with a 
more prominent silvery white patch in the base of 4 and 5 ; a dark crenulate submarginal line. 
Length of fore wing : $ and $, 16 mm. 
Holotype <$. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. viii.1956. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Allotype $. Same data as holotype. xi.i954. 
This species is, so far, only known from Katera, Masaka Dist., where the males 
were taken on an open hillside flying over small trees and bushes from about 9-9.30 
a.m. The females were found laying on the lichen-covered trees among Cremato- 
gaster ants. 
Epitola rileyi Audeoud 
cJ, $ Epitola rileyi Audeoud ; 1936, 704, pi. 7, figs. 3 $ ; 4 $. 
Types. CAMEROONS : Lolodorf. (Audeoud, Coll. Geneva.) 
This species, probably belongs here, although it differs from all others in the 
crenulated margins to the wings. 
There are no specimens of this species in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 
Epitola kamengensis sp. n. 
(PI. 7, figs. 64, 65 ; PI. 8, figs. 74, 75) 
Near katerae sp. n., but larger and differing below. 
<?. Legs brown, white at the joints ; palps brown, scaled grey below ; brown, black-tipped 
above ; eyes and frons brown ; antennal shaft checkered black and white on both surfaces as in 
katerae ; club black, orange-tipped. Thorax clothed in green hair. 
Upper side fore wing : plain black, unmarked. 
Upperside hind wing : black with large dark, electric blue discal area from veins 1-6, reaching 
nearly to the margin ; black, even, distal border i mm. wide, and black costal border ; space 
i b black. 
Underside fore wing : dark grey with black inner-marginal streak from veins 2-5, broken at 
distal half of inner margin by a dark grey patch ; a light grey spot mid-way in i and a small one 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 151 
in base of 2 ; small pale streaks, discal, in 4-7 ; prominent white submarginal spots from 3 to 
costa and silvery scales in distal border. 
Underside hind wing : dark grey, heavily coated with silver-grey scales throughout the whole 
of the distal half, arranged roughly into two submarginal bands and a broader band horizontally 
across the wing, distal of the cell, leaving a small dark area at the base of 2 and 3 ; basal area 
with scattered silver-grey spots. 
$. Similar to azurea sp. n., katerae sp. n., etc., but larger. 
Legs pale brown, slightly paler at the joints ; palps pale brown dusted with pale grey scales ; 
frons dark brown ; eyes brown ; antennal shaft black, conspicuously checkered with white, 
above and below ; club broad and flattened, orange-tipped. 
Upperside fore wing : blackish brown ; three large white postdiscal spots in 5-7 with a streak 
in 8 ; other spots in 1-3 inclusive, that in i blue, extending from base to middle ; in 2 from base 
to within 3 mm. of margin and basally blue ; in 3 white to within 2 mm. of margin ; discal 
area and beyond somewhat darker black. 
Upperside hind wing : blackish brown with large blue discal patch extending from veins 1-6, 
and distad, dislegnic, to within 3 mm. of the margin, leaving a black-brown marginal band ; 
vein 6 to costa black-brown ; a paler patch due to admixture of white scales, in the distal half 
of blue area in spaces 5 and 6. Fringes dark brown in fore wing and from vein 3 to anal angle 
hind wing, but white from vein 3 to costa in hind wing. 
Underside : the dark basal area in hind wing, exactly as in the male, leaves no doubt as to the 
identity of this insect. 
Underside fore wing : dark sepia with white postdiscal spots as above, but, in addition, a 
small white spot in space 4, this completing the series ; apex and distal margin broadly greyish 
white, proximal edge indented. 
Underside hind wing : pale brown with four crescentric pale greyish white bands, merging into 
each other and much grey scaling ; the paler patch in the blue area above in 5 and 6 reproduced 
as a square whitish spot ; basal area including most ot cell, much darker than rest of wing and 
strongly contrasting as in the male. 
Length of fore wing : <$ 19 mm.; $ 17 mm. 
Holotype <$. UGANDA: Mawakota, Kamengo. viii.1953. V. G. L. Van 
Someren. 
Allotype $. BRIT. E. AFRICA : Nandi Escarpment (Forest), 5,^00 ft. 29. v. 1911. 
S. A. Neave. 
This species was taken by Van Someren, flying from the forest edge out into a 
coffee plantation at about 9.30 a.m. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Kamengo and Katera ; KENYA : Nandi Escarpment. 
C. The following two species are included in the PINODES group, in spite of the 
convex margin of the fore wing, since in all other characters, including those of the 
females, they are similar 
Epitola conjuncta conjuncta Grose-Smith & Kirby 
c, $ Epitola conjuncta Grose-Smith & Kirby, i.i8g3 : Lye. Afr. 86, pi. 20, figs. 3-5. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. (Staudinger Coll.) 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Sembe, Etoumbi. 
Epitola conjuncta budduana Talbot 
iduana Talbot, 1937 : 62, pi. i, figs. 2 ; 3 $. 
a. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Budongo, Bwamba, Katera, Tero Forest, Buddu. 
6*, $ Epitola conjuncta budduana Talbot, 1937 : 62, pi- I > n g s - 2 <? '> 3 
Types. UGANDA : Katera. 
152 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Epitola dolorosa Roche 
(J, $ Epitola dolorosa Roche, 1954 : 49$, pi- 21, figs. 27, 28 (J, 29, 30 .. 
Types. <J, UGANDA : Bwamba. Allotype ; ., UGANDA : Entebbe. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Bwamba, Entebbe, Tero Forest, Buddu. 
The following species also belong to the PINODES group, but I am unable to place 
them in any of the subdivisions denned in this paper, since the females are 
unknown. 
Epitola obscura Hawker-Smith 
(J Epitola obscura Hawker-Smith, 1935 : n. 
Type. NIGERIA : Lagos. 
$ unknown. 
Recorded from : NIGERIA : Lagos, Ilesha ; GHANA : Ashanti. 
Epitola maculata Hawker-Smith 
<$ Epitola maculata Hawker-Smith, 1926 : 240. 
Type. CONGO : Stanleyville, Elisabetha near Basoko. (M.R.C.B., Tervuren.) 
$ unknown. 
Recorded from : CONGO : Stanleyville ; UGANDA : Bwamba. 
Epitola pinodoides Grose-Smith & Kirby 
(J Epitola pinodoides Grose-Smith & Kirby, i. 1893 : Lye. Afr. pi. 20, figs. 1,2. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. (Berlin Mus.) 
$ unknown. 
The type of this species is in the Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, who kindly for- 
warded it for examination. It is very similar to Epitola cephena Hewitson, although 
the colour of the blue spots is paler and the insect is smaller. Without more 
material from Sierra Leone it seems inadvisable to sink it, however, to cephena. The 
type was examined by Monsieur H. Stempffer and found to be a true Epitola. 
Epitola lamborni Baker 
$ Epitola lamborni Baker, 1921 : 461. 
Type. S. NIGERIA : Ibadan. 
cJ unknown. 
The type of this species is missing and it is, therefore, impossible to be sure of its 
identity. From the description, it is near albomaculata Baker. 
THE SUBLUSTRIS GROUP 
The four species which follow differ from all known Epitola in the presence of a 
large patch of lustrous scales covering the whole discal area of the fore wing. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 153 
Epitola pseudoconjuncta sp. n. 
(PL 7, figs. 66, 67, PL 8, figs. 76, 77) 
Very similar to conjuncta budduana Talbot, but much smaller and with large patch 
of lustrous scales over the whole discal area of fore wing. 
<J and .. Legs dark brown with paler joints ; palps brown with grey scales below, black 
above ; eyes black ; frons black ; antennal shaft black above, finely checkered white below ; 
club broad and flattened, minute orange tip. 
<J. Upperside fore wing : black with dark blue spots as follows : three postdiscal in 4-6 and 
a minute dot in 7 ; blue spot half-way in 2 ; long blue streak in i, covering most of the cellule 
except angle between vein 2 and median and reaching to within 2 mm. of distal margin ; whole 
discal area up to blue postdiscal spots covered in black lustrous scales. 
Upperside hind wing : black ; large blue discal area from vein i to just short of vein 7 ; distal 
border narrow black, \ mm. costal border black ; veins black, especially median. 
Underside fore wing : brownish grey ; large black inner-marginal patch from veins 2-5 and 
to i mm. of distal margin ; small silver-grey postdiscal spots on vein 2 and in 4 and 5, inner 
margin silver-grey ; faint traces of darker submarginal line. 
Underside hind wing : brownish grey ; faint dark submarginal and marginal lines ; no other 
markings. 
$. Legs dark brown checkered white at the joints ; palps, frons and eyes dark brown ; 
antennal shaft dark brown, boldly checkered with white, club minutely orange-tipped. 
Fore wings strongly convex, as in the male. 
Upperside : plain dark brown, unmarked. 
Underside fore wing : pale straw-coloured ; space i very pale grey, almost white ; thereafter 
a black patch from veins 1-5 ; white postdiscal spots in 2, 5 and 6 ; very obscure submarginal 
line. 
Underside hind wing : pale straw-coloured, with faint, paler, submarginal and postdiscal lines. 
Length of fore wing : 16 mm. $ ; 15 mm. .. 
Holotype <$. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. xi.i956. T. H. E. 
Jackson. Note : a beak-mark is plainly visible on left fore wing of holotype. 
Allotype $. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. xi.i933. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
This species has only been taken at Katera, where it flies with conjuncta budduana 
Talbot, which it closely resembles. Both species were taken together flying from 
high up to some 10 ft. from the ground early in the day, and the resemblance to 
the larger, more powerful conjuncta is obviously protective ; pseudoconjuncta con- 
tinues to fly a little later than conjuncta, up to about n a.m. 
Epitola mengoensis Baker 
(PL 9, fig. 79, PL 10, fig. 89) 
< Epitola mengoensis Baker, 1906 : 105. 
Type. UGANDA : Mengo. 
$. Upperside : warm brown in both wings ; no markings. 
Under side fore wing : warm brown ; the usual darker basal patch, but not strongly contrasting ; 
a pale spot at end of cell and another in space 2 and the whole of i pale grey ; a series of strongly 
marked, submarginal, crescentric spots. 
Underside hind wing : warm brown ; a darker patch basad ; a well-defined crescentric, 
submarginal line followed by another, similar, but finer. 
Length of fore wing : 17 mm. 
154 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Allotype $. Mengo (UGANDA), in. 1900. F. J. Jackson. 
Recorded from : UGANDA : Mengo, Mpigi, Entebbe. 
Epitola vinalli Talbol 
(PI. 7, fig. 68 ; PL 8, fig. 78) 
<J Epitola vinalli Talbot, 1935 : 75. 
Type. BELGIAN CONGO : Tshuapa, Basankusu. (Hope Dept., Oxford.) 
o* Epitola subcoerulea Roche, 1954 : 49^, pi- 21, figs. 25, 26 (syn. n.). 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
The type of E. vinalli Talbot is identical with that of subcoerulea Roche and the 
latter must sink as a synonym. 
.. Legs dark brown with white spots at the joints ; eyes, palps and frons dark brown ; 
antennal shaft black above, checkered white below ; club orange-tipped. 
Upperside : plain dark brown ; distal margin of fore wing strongly convex as in male ; a 
lighter patch in fore wing between spaces 4-6, where the white postdiscal spots of underside 
show through. 
Underside fore wing : brown ; jet black inner-marginal patch from base to i mm. of margin, 
between veins 2-5 ; inner-marginal border silvery white throughout ; very small pale postdiscal 
spot on vein 2 ; two white postdiscal spots in 4 and 5 and small pale spots in 6 and 7 ; crenulate 
submarginal line. 
Underside hind wing : brown ; faint submarginal and postdiscal lines. 
Length of fore wing : 15 mm. 
Neallotype $. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Moyen Congo, Etoumbi. iii . 1959. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Recorded from : GAMBIA ; SIERRA LEONE ; FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Etoumbi. 
Epitola sublustris Baker 
o", ? Epitola sublustris Baker, 1904 : 228. 
Type. SIERRA LEONE. 
In the Lamborn duplicate collection at the Hope Department, Oxford was found 
a female Epitola labelled : " Comp. with Type Epitola sublustris Bethune-Baker ", 
Lagos, Oni, W. A. Lamborn, iii-xii.ign. The type female is in British Museum 
(Nat. Hist.) and the Oxford specimen is a female of Epitola dolorosa Roche. 
Recorded from : SIERRA LEONE : Moyamba ; IVORY COAST ; NIGERIA : Ubiaja, 
Oshodi ; BR. CAMEROONS : Kumba ; FR. CAMEROONS : Johann Albrechts Hohe ; 
GHANA : Aburi, Ashanti. 
The following species differs from all other known Epitola, in the underside mark- 
ings, but, from the convex distal margin of the fore wing, belongs near conjuncta. 
No lustrous scales in fore wing. 
Epitola barombiensis Kirby 
(PI. 9, fig. 80 ; PI. 10, fig. 90) 
$ Epitola barombiensis Kirby, 1890 : 274. 
Type. CAMEROONS : Barombi. (Staudinger Coll.) 
.. Upperside : both wings dark brown unmarked. 
Underside : as in the male, but paler. 
Neallotype $. UGANDA: Bwamba. ii-iii.i957. R. Carcasson. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 155 
THE ALBA GROUP 
The following new species is quite unlike any known Epitola and must remain 
in a group of its own. 
Epitola alba sp. n. 
(PI. 9, figs. 81, 82, PI. 10, figs. 91, 92) 
cf. Legs brown, faintly paler at the joints ; eyes, palps and frons brown ; antennal shaft 
black above, minutely checkered below ; club minutely yellow -tipped. 
Upper side fore wing : black-brown ; large white discal area from ia-6, scaled blue at the base, 
distally rounded and dentate ; a broad, triangular black spot at end of cell from costa ; costal 
margin narrowly black ; wide black-brown distal border ; median and subcostal veins swollen 
at base, the former black to lower angle of cell. 
Upper side hind wing : black-brown ; white discal patch between veins 1-6, from base over 
cell, bases of 2, 3 and 4 and half space i ; broad black distal and costal borders ; the white discal 
patch is elongated, being broader on vein 6 than on vein i. 
Underside fore wing : dark silver-grey ; white discal patch as above ending at the middle of 
the costa in 10 ; a broad dark grey postdiscal band to vein 4, with fine pale line distad ; small 
rounded basal patch on mid-costa, extending basad to inner margin ; very obscure submarginal 
line ; distal border broadly dark grey. 
Underside hind wing : dark silver-grey ; white discal patch as above ; some obscure dark 
grey costal markings ; an obscure dark postdiscal line ; a crenulated dark grey submarginal 
line followed by a fine pale line ; border dark grey, i mm. 
$. Upperside : similar to male ; basal blue area fore wing smaller and median vein not black ; 
triangular cistal spot larger and darker, hind wing as in the male but basal blue smaller. 
Underside : paler, more brownish but markings as in the male ; broad dark postdiscal band 
extends to vein 3, fore wing ; the postdiscal line on hind wing shifted further distad ; otherwise 
as in the male. 
Length of fore wing : ^ 16 mm.; $ 17 mm. 
Holotype <. FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso, Mambili Forest, vi.igsg. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Allotype. Same data as holotype. viii.1959. 
Recorded only from the above locality. 
SPECIES INCERTAE SEDIS 
Epitola pulverulenta Dufrane 
Epitola pulverulenta Dufrane, 1953 : 51. 
Type. Monsieur Dufrane states that the type is lost. 
Since many of these small brown females are very much alike, it is not possible 
to be certain of an identity from a description alone. 
SPECIES INCORRECTLY PLACED IN EPITOLA 
Phytala benitensis (Holland) (comb, n.) 
cJ Epitola benitensis Holland, 1890 : 425. 
Type. GABOON : " Upper waters of the River Ogove." (Carnegie Mus., Pittsburgh.) 
This species belongs to Phytala Westwood. Mr. Harry K. Clench of the Car- 
negie Museum, Pittsburgh, who has kindly examined the type, writes as follows : 
" I have checked the type for venation and find that it is a Phytala. From the figures 
ENTOM. 12, 3. 10 
156 T. H. E. JACKSON 
in Grose-Smith & Kirby 1893 (Rhop. Exot. 23 ; Lye. Afr, 86) I suspect it to be very 
close to rezia Grose-Smith & Kirby, if not the same ". The figure and description 
of the female in Grose-Smith & Kirby, loc. cit., is that of a male. The authors state, 
in a footnote, that rezia does not have the peculiar falcate fore wings of benitensis 
Holland, and it is considered by the present author that the two species are distinct. 
Liptena langi (Holland) (comb, n.) 
cJ Epitola langi Holland, 1920 : 217, pi. 12, fig. 10. 
Type. CONGO : Medje. (American Mus., N. York.) 
Judging by the coloured plate this insect appears to be a male of Liptena despecta 
Holland and Mr. Frederick H. Rindge of the American Museum, New York, who 
has kindly examined the type, writes : "I have examined Holland's type. By 
using the keys and discussion in Seitz, I have concluded that langi Holland should 
definitely be placed in the genus Liptena. The venation is of this genus and not of 
Epitola." There appears to be very little doubt that Epitola langi should sink 
to Liptena despecta Holland. 
Phytala rezia (Grose-Smith & Kirby) (comb, n.) 
. Epitola rezia Grose-Smith & Kirby, i.i8g3 : Lye. Afr. 86, pi. 20, fig. 6. 
This species belongs to Phytala West wood. 
Aslauga subfulvida (Holland) (comb, n.) 
$ Epitola subfulvida Holland, 1890 : 423. 
Aslauga leonae Aurivillius in Seitz, 1920 : 343 (syn. n.) 
Aslauga purpurascens (Holland) (comb, n.) 
. Epitola purpurascens Holland, 1890 : 424. 
Through the kindness of Mr. Harry K. Clench of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, 
I am enabled to state that the above two species belong to Aslauga Kirby, the first 
being synonymous with leonae Aurivillius, and the second with Aslauga purpurascens 
Holland. 
DISCUSSION 
Comparing this arrangement with the key in Roche (1954), the following, more 
important, points emerge : 
(a) The HEWITSONI and POSTHUMUS groups remain as before. 
(b) Part of the first section of the PINODES group is treated separately and is 
named the SUBLUSTRIS group. This includes four species listed by Roche with 
convex distal margin in fore wing. All four are small and have a large patch of 
lustrous scales in the discal area of the fore wing. 
(c) The remainder of the PINODES group remains as before, but subdivides on the 
pattern of the females into two. The species concerned, however, intergrade and 
are obviously closely allied. 
(d) On the pattern of the females the CARCINA and NITIDE groups merge and, 
from a study of the uppersides of the males, and of the pattern of the females, 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 157 
this is probably correct. On the other hand the four subdivisions are rather further 
from each other than are those of the PI NODES group. 
(e) Epitola alba sp. n., cannot be united with any of the existing groups and 
Epitola barombiensis Kirby is separated on its peculiar underside. 
Genus STEMPFFERIA gen. n. 
Type species: Stempfferia carcassoni sp. n. 
Differs from Deloneura Trimen and Neaveia Druce in the genital armature ; from 
Batelusia Druce in the venation (only n veins in the latter) ; from Turner epes 
Baker in that the legs are not swollen ; from Epitola Westwood, Hewitsonia Kirby 
and Phytala Westwood in the pattern and in the shape of the wings ; eyes faintly 
hairy ; second segment of palps, laterally compressed ; third segment cylindrical, 
terminating in a point ; antennae half length of costa ; club slightly swollen. 
Wings ; costal border of fore wing arched at base, then straight ; external border strongly 
convex ; hind wing suboval, anal angle obtuse. In both sexes a fringe of long hair along inner- 
margin of fore wings. Venation : fore wing 12 veins, median much swollen at base in male, less 
so in female ; vein 3 from a little before the lower angle of the cell : vein 4 from this angle ; 
vein 5 from much nearer 6 than 4 ; vein 6 from the upper angle of the cell ; vein 7 from well 
before this angle, ending below the apex ; vein 8 branching from 7 and ending on the costal 
border ; vein 9 long, branching from 7 ; in the male vein 10, feebly stalked, arising from 7, not 
far from its origin ; vein n free, from same origin as 7 ; in the female ; vein 10 arising from the 
same point as 7 ; vein 1 1 from a little before ; hind wing ; veins 3 and 4 briefly stalked, from 
lower angle of cell ; lower discocellular concave ; vein 5 nearer 6 than 4 ; 7 from a little before 
the lower angle of cell ; genital armature ; of the usual Epitolinae type ; uncus in the form of a 
crescent, edging the subtriangular tegumen ; subunci long, arched near the base ; swollen at the 
level of the bend, ending in a slightly curved fine point (in the figured slide, the subunci have been 
set aside laterally in order to be better visible, but in situ they are folded up below the tegumen). 
Vinculum rather narrow, prolonged by a triangular saccus which is, at its extremity, furnished 
with long scales ; lower fultura very reduced, valvae subrectangular, the upper process ending 
in a slightly curved point, penis short, very stout, the distal extremity obliquely cut and widely 
open on the dorsal side. Uncus furnished with long, fine hair, much fine hair also on the distal 
half of the upper process of valvae (in the figure, the bases of hair only are figured, this for the 
sake of clearness). 
Sexual dimorphism very striking ; the male upperside is blue, that of the female yellowish 
white. 
This genus is named in honour of Monsieur H. Stempffer of Paris, who, more than 
any other person, has succeeded in unravelling the complexities of the African 
Lycaenidae, and achieving an orderly presentation of their systematics. 
Stempfferia carcassoni sp. n. 
(PI. n, figs. 103, 108, PI. 12, figs. 113, 118) 
cJ and $. Legs, frons and palps black ; eyes brown, slightly hairy ; antennal shaft black 
above, checkered white below ; wings rounded ; fore wing obtusely angled at apex ; fringes 
white, checkered black at the veins. 
6* Upperside fore wing : black with broad blue discal-basal patch from inner margin to costa, 
extending to within 2 mm. of the margin along inner margin and to within 9 mm, of apex along 
costa ; distal edge evenly rounded ; distal border broadly black. 
158 
T. H. E. JACKSON 
Upperside hind wing : black with blue discal patch from half space ic to vein 6, evenly rounded 
distally, costal and distal margins and space ib to half ic, black ; costal margin 3 mm. wide 
throughout. 
Underside : both wings lustrous white, unmarked. 
$. As in the male, but larger and blue areas replaced by yellowish white. 
Upperside fore wing : black with yellowish white discal area from base and inner margin to 
vein 7, with a small extension in space 7 ; broad black distal border and narrow black costal 
border ; discal patch evenly curved distad. 
Upperside hind wing : black with yellowish white discal patch, extending from base and inner 
margin through to the costa ; brownish black distal border 4 mm. wide. 
Underside : as in the male, but less lustrous. 
FIG. i. Genital armature of male Stempfferia carcassoni gen. et sp. n. 
Holotype $. CONGO : Prov. Orientale, Lomami River, Opala. iii.igsg. R. H. 
Carcasson. 
Allotype $. Same data as holotype. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA : Ouesso ; CONGO : Lomami River. 
This fine new genus and species was first discovered by Mr. R. H. Carcasson of 
the Coryndon Museum, Nairobi in the Congo, and subsequently has been taken 
also in French Equatorial Africa. He has kindly allowed me to describe it in this 
paper and the species is named in his honour. 
Genus NEA VEIA Druce 
Neaveia lamborni orientalis ssp. n. 
(PI. II, figS. 101, 102, PL 12, figS. Ill, 112) 
The eastern subspecies has not been described. Differs from the typical race in 
narrower apical black patch on fore wing above and in the presence of submarginal 
and postdiscal lines in hind wing beneath. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 159 
<J and $. Legs dark brown, paler at the joints ; palps short, dark brown ; frons brown with 
many white scales ; eyes black ; antennal shaft black above, checkered white below ; club 
black. 
$. Upperside fore wing : greenish white ; black apical patch to vein 3, then continued as a 
thin marginal line ; in lamborni lamborni it is still i mm. wide on vein i ; costal border only 
dusted with black scales. 
Upperside hind wing : greenish white ; black apical patch to vein 3, then continued as a thin 
marginal line ; in lamborni lamborni it is still i mm. wide on vein i ; costal border only dusted 
with black scales. 
Underside fore wing : white ; black apical patch shows through from above and is narrow 
and, as above, ends at vein 3 ; some small brown striae along the margin from vein 3 to the apex 
and others, submarginal, in 4, 5 and 6 and along the distal half of the costal margin. 
Underside hind wing : strongly green ; marginal border striated with scattered brown scales ; 
a series of submarginal brown spots in spaces 1-8 ; another series postdiscal, arrow-shaped ; 
a few obscure discal markings ; a fine brown line on the discocellular. 
.. Similar to male, but markings below a little fainter. 
Length of fore wing : $ and ?, 20 mm. 
Holotype <. UGANDA: Masaka, Sango Bay, Katera. xi.i954. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Allotype $. Same data as holotype. xii.ig54. 
This species was observed flying in the canopy of lichen-covered trees among 
Crematogaster ants at Katera, Sango Bay. 
Recorded from : FR. EQUAT. AFRICA and the eastern CONGO ; UGANDA : Bwamba, 
Budongo, Katera. 
Genus EPITOLINA Aurivillius 
Epitolina catori ugandae ssp. n. 
(PL u, figs. 99, 100, PI. 12, figs. 109, no) 
Differs from catori catori Baker in the much larger orange postdiscal band in the 
fore wing of the female and in the darker underside in both sexes. 
cj and $. Legs dark brown covered in yellow hair ; eyes and frons black ; palps black above, 
yellow below ; antennal shaft widely checkered black and white on both surfaces ; club broad, 
flattened, minute pale tip. 
cJ. Upperside : does not differ from catori catori. 
Underside : much darker, red markings more prominent ; on both wings a broad black 
postdiscal band, distal of the red spots. 
$ Upperside : the orange patch on fore wing extends from veins 10-5, with a small spot also 
in space 5 ; proximad it runs in a curve skirting the cell to the origin of vein 2, then vertically to 
i a ; distally covers the base of spaces 4 and 5, half 2 and 3, and the middle of i and la ; 3 mm. 
broad in i and la, and 5 mm. on vein 2. 
Underside : as in catori catori, but a broad blackish brown postdiscal band in both wings distal 
of the orange spots ; these bands are very prominent. 
Length of fore wing : <$ and $, 12 mm. 
Holotype <$. UGANDA: Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, viii.igsg. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Allotype $. Same data as holotype. iv.ig^g. 
Recorded also from many other parts of Uganda. 
160 T. H. E. JACKSON 
Genus HEWITSONIA Kirby 
Hewitsonia boisduvalii (Hewitson) 
Cory don boisduvalii Hewitson, 1869 : i, pi. i. 
Hewitsonia boisduvalii (Hewitson) Hewitson, 1878 : 17, pi. la, figs, 1,2. 
The type of this species, a female, came from Gaboon and occurs throughout the 
Southern Cameroon and French Equatorial Africa in the same form, changing to 
subspecies congoensis Joicey & Talbot in the eastern Congo. Specimens from Nigeria 
and Northern Cameroons differ considerably and warrant a further subspecific 
name. 
Hewitsonia boisduvalii nigeriensis ssp. n. 
(PI. II, figS. 104, 105, PI. 12, figS. 114, 115) 
cJ. Differs from the typical race as follows ; the four subapical spots are small, rounded, 
blue with white centres ; the spot in space 5, as an example, is 2 mm. long, as against 7 mm. 
The blue colour is darker. The small blue spots extending from the blue patch in the anal angle 
fore wing into the base of space 2 are here reduced to one small blue streak and a few scattered 
scales in the base. On hind wing blue patch less extensive, particularly in spaces 5 and 6. 
Below, as in typical boisduvalii. 
$. Subapical yellow band narrower, 4 mm. wide as against 6 mm. in boisduvalii ; yellow 
spot in inner angle fore wing 6 mm. long, as against 8 mm.; otherwise not differing. Below not 
differing. 
This race is on average smaller than the typical race and in this agrees with congoensis Joicey 
& Talbot. 
Holotype <. NIGERIA: Lagos District, Oshodi. iv.i955. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Allotype -. NIGERIA: Onitsha Prov., Awka, Mamu. xi.ig^g. T. H. E. 
Jackson. 
Hewitsonia similis ugandae ssp. n. 
(PI. ii, figs. 106, 107, PI. 12, figs. 116, 117) 
This is the eastern subspecies and differs as follows : 
(?. Upperside : differs from similis similis Aurivillius in the reduction of the blue spots in 
fore wing ; the spot in the inner angle is missing or represented by a few blue scales ; no blue 
spots in the cell and those in 2 and 3 much reduced in size ; four white subapical spots in fore 
wing ; hind wing as in the typical form but with a series of triangular black marginal spots, one 
in each cellule. 
?. Upperside : the subapical white or cream spots are larger than in specimens from Nigeria 
and Sierra Leone, but smaller than those from the Cameroons otherwise not differing. 
Underside : both sexes ; differs in the much paler ground colour and reduction in the black 
streaks on hind wing ; the red-brown patch at the distal end of the hind wing costa is scarcely 
visible, and does not contrast with the rest of the wing. 
Holotype^. CONGO: Ituri, Beni, 4,000 ft. ix.i946. T. H. E. Jackson. 
Allotype 9- UGANDA: Bwamba. ix.i942. T. H. E. Jackson. 
NOTES ON THE EPITOLINAE 161 
Heivitsonia intermedia Joicey & Talbot (stat. n.) 
Hewitsonia kirbyi $ f. intermedia Joicey & Talbot, 1921 : 86. 
This insect differs greatly from kirbyi Hewitson and should be considered as a 
separate species. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
My thanks are due to Monsieur H. Stempffer of Paris, for much help and advice 
in writing this paper. To Mr. Harry K. Clench, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, and 
Mr. Frederick H. Rindge, American Museum, New York, for information over 
Holland's types. To the Keeper and staff of the Department of Entomology, 
British Museum (Natural History) for all facilities, and particularly to Captain 
N. D. Riley, C.B.E., Messrs. W. H. T. Tarns and T. G. Howarth for their advice. 
To the Director, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, for kindly lending me their types. 
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25 : 95-96. 
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Crowley. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 6 : 103-106. 
STAUDINGER, O. 1888. Exotische Schmetterlinge, 1. 333 pp. Fiirth. 
1889. Zwei neue afrikanische Lycaeniden. Ent. Nachr. 15 : 176-180. 
STEMPFFER, H. 1956. Contribution a 1'etude des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae de 1'Afrique 
equatoriale. Ann. Mus. Cong. belg. (8) 49 : 7-52. 
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Africa. Bull. Stoneham Mus. 17 : 1-3, pi. i. 
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Mag. 71 : 69-78. 
1937- New African Lycaeinidae and Nymphalidae and two new Diestogyna (Lepidoptera). 
Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 59-72, pis. 1-2. 
INDEX 
163 
adolphifriderici, 130 
aequatorialis, 135 
alba, 155 
albomaculata, 138 
ammon, 129 
Aslauga, 156 
azurea, 148 
badia, 137 
badura, 136 
badwia, 136 
barombiensis, 154 
batesi, 132 
Batelusia, 157 
bella, 142 
belli, 128 
benitensis, 155 
boisduvalii, 166 
budduana, 151 
carcassoni, 157 
carcina, 140 
carilla, 134 
carpenter!, 144 
catori, 159 
catuna, 143 
cephena, 146 
ceraunia, 129 
cercene, 131 
cercenoides, 132 
ciconia, 136 
coerulea, 140 
conception, 139 
congoana, 140 
congoensis, 160 
conjuncta, 151 
convexa, 131 
crippsi, 126 
crowleyi, 129 
daveyi, 138 
decellei, 127 
Deloneura, 157 
despecta, 156 
dewitzi, 129 
doleta, 146 
dolorosa, 152 
dorothea, 133 
dunia, 141 
INDEX 
elissa, 139 
entebbeana, 146 
Epitola, 125 
Epitolina, 159 
flavoantennata, 140 
gerina, 138 
ghesquieri, 145 
goodii, 138 
gordoni, 135 
hewitsoni, 126 
Hewitsonia, 160 
hewitsonioides, 126 
ikoya, 140 
insulana, 133 
intermedia, 131, 161 
iturina, 142 
jacksoni, 135 
kamengensis, 150 
katerae, 149 
katherinae, 134 
kholifa, 140 
kirbyi, 161 
lamborni, 152 
langi, 156 
leonae, 156 
leonensis, 146 
leonina, 136, 146 
liana, 138 
maculata, 152 
mara, 135 
marginata, 130 
mengoensis, 153 
mercedes, 147 
miranda, 126 
moyambina, 130 
mpangensis, 149 
mus, 144 
Neaveia, 158 
nigeriae, 145 
nigeriensis, 160 
nigra, 145 
nigrovenata, 136 
nitida, 139 
nitide, 139 
obscura, 152 
oniensis, 139 
orientalis, 143, 158 
ouesso, 147 
Phytala, 155 
pinodes, 143 
pinodoides, 152 
posthumus, 128 
pulverulenta, 155 
purpurascens, 156 
pseudoconjuncta, 153 
radiata, 143 
rezia, 156 
rileyi, 150 
semibrunnea, 129 
similis, 160 
staudingeri, 134 
stemp fieri, 127 
Stempfferia, 157 
subalba, 139 
subcoerulea, 154 
subfulvida, 156 
sublustris, 154 
tanganikensis, 129 
tumentia, 137 
Tumerepes, 157 
ugandae, 159, 160 
umbratilis, 130 
uniformis, 132 
urania, 128 
versicolor, 131 
vidua, 127 
vinalli, 154 
virginea, 139 
viridana, 142 
zelica, 138 
zelza, 137 
ENTOM. 12, 3. 
II