PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 104(4), 1991, pp. 764-792 REVISION OF THE AMERICAN CALLIANASSIDAE (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: THALASSINIDEA) Raymond B. Manning and Dairy 1 L. Felder Abstract.— Two families, one new, and seven subfamilies, six new, are rec-ognized for taxa previously assigned to the Callianassidae. The new family, Ctenochelidae, includes those taxa having a cardiac prominence on the carapace and an appendix masculina on male Plp2 and lacking a dorsal plate on the uropodal exopod. Three new ctenochelid subfamilies are recognized: Cteno-chelinae, for the genera Ctenocheles, Gourretia, Paracalliax, and the new genus Dawsonius, all of which lack a dorsal oval on the carapace and have a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, Plp2-5 similar in size and shape, and finger-like appendices intemae on Plp3-5; Anacalliinae, containing only Anacalliax, which has a dorsal oval, a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and Pip 1-2 different from Pip 3-5, with Plp3-5 having stubby appendices intemae; and Callianopsinae, containing only Callianopsis, which has a dorsal oval, an ovate propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and Plp2-5 similar, with finger-like appen-dices intemae. The family Callianassidae is restricted to those genera lacking both a cardiac prominence on the carapace and an appendix masculina on male Plp2, and which have a dorsal plate on the uropodal exopod. The nominate subfamily includes six genera with a dorsal oval on the carapace, a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and stubby appendices intemae on Plp3-5: Callianassa, Trypaea, and Calliapagurops, a genus of uncertain position, and three new genera recognized here for American species: Biffarius, Neotrypaea, and Notiax. Three new callianassid subfamilies are recognized: Callichirinae, comprising five genera, Callichirus, Corallianassa, Glypturus, Lepidophthal-mus, and Neocallichirus, which have a dorsal oval on the carapace, an ovate propodus and slender dactylus on Mxp3, and stubby appendices intemae on Plp3-5; Eucalliinae, for Calliax and the new genus Eucalliax, which lack a dorsal oval on the carapace and have an ovate propodus and dactylus on Mxp3 and finger-like appendices intemae on Plp3-5; and Cheraminae, for Cheramus and Scallasis, which have a dorsal oval, a slender propodus and dactylus on Mxp3, and slender Plp3-5, each with a finger-like appendix interna. This study began as an attempt to con-heterogeneous assemblage of taxa that did struct a framework for future studies on not reflect major differences in morphology American callianassids by examining po-and biology in its members (see also dis-tential generic characters and defining new cussions in Borradaile 1903, De Man 1928b, generaforadisparate variety of species now Gumey 1944, Biffar 1971a, De Saint Lau-placed in Ca///a«as5'a Leach, 1814. Despite rent 1973, De Saint Laurent & LeLoeuff" the superficial similarity of appearance of 1979, and De Saint Laurent 1979; for over-callianassids in general, our studies of cal-view see Ferrari 1981). Our analysis of char-lianassids in the laboratory and in the field acters of American species led us to con-convinced us that this genus comprises a elude that the genus Callianassa was a
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