PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 107(2), 1994, pp. 391-397 ADVERTISEMENT CALLS AND RELATIONSHIPS OF CHILEAN FROGS EUPSOPHUS CONTULMOENSIS AND E. INSULARIS (AMPHIBIA: ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) J. Ramon Formas and Lila Brieva ylfo?rac/.— Advertisement calls oi E. contulmoensis and E. insularis are de-scribed. The calls of both species consist of a single short note. Call data, together with chromosomal information, indicate that E. contulmoensis, and E. insu-laris, E. roseus, E. calcaratus and E. migueli comprise a related group distinct from E. vertebralis and E. emiliopugini. Calls of frogs can be useful in revealing evolutionary relationships at the species level. In general, closely related species have some acoustic characteristics in common (Blair 1958, Barrio 1965, Mecham 1971, Martin 1972, Schiotz 1973, Kuramoto 1974, Ryan 1988, Straughan & Heyer 1971). In order to establish evolutionary trends re-lated to the diversification of the genus Eup-sophus, we analyzed the advertisement calls of E. contulmoensis and E. insularis. Both calls are compared with those other mem-bers of the genus that were previously de-scribed by Formas & Vera (1980), Formas (1985, 1989), and Penna & Veloso (1990). Eupsophus is the most speciose taxon of the rather reduced anuran fauna of the Nothofagus forests of southern Chile and Argentina. Seven species have been de-scribed: E. roseus, E. calcaratus, E. migueli, E. contulmoensis, E. insularis, E. vertebralis and E. emiliopugini. E. contulmoensis has been collected in the type locality of Contulmo (37°52'S, 73°12'W), Nahuelbuta Range (Ortiz et al. 1989), and E. insularis is endemic to Mocha Island (38°22'S, 73°56'S; 38 km W of the coast of Arauco Province) (Formas & Vera 1982). Methods and Materials Field recordings were made at 1 9 cm/sec on an Uher 4000 Report-IC portable tape-recorder and an Uher 5 1 7 microphone. Call durations, number of notes per call, and note duration were analyzed with a storage os-cilloscope Tektronix 5113. Audiospectro-grams were made with a Kay Elemetric au-diospectrograph model 675, using 85-8000 Hz frequency scale and narrow (45 Hz) band filter. Call repetition rates were measured in the field by counting consecutive calls over one minute. Water temperature, location and behavior of the individuals used in the analysis were taken at the time of recording. Specimens and tapes were deposited in the collection of Amphibians of the Institute of Zoology, Universidad Austral de Chile (IZUA), Valdivia. Eupsophus contulmoensis Ortiz, Ibarra-Vidal, & Formas, 1989 The advertisement call of £". contulmoen-sis was recorded at the type locality (Natural Monument of Contulmo, Malleco Prov-ince). Description is based on 25 calls from seven specimens recorded at 1 1.8°C (water temperature) during November 1990. Males
BioStor
