PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 113(2):369-385. 2000. A new species of Anthias (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiinae) from the Galapagos Islands, with keys to Anthias and eastern Pacific Anthiinae William D. Anderson, Jr. and Carole C. Baldwin (WDA) Grice Marine Biological Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson, Charleston, South Carolina 29412-9110, U.S.A.; (CCB) Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560-0159, U.S.A. Abstract. — Anthias noeli, new species, is described from 17 specimens col-lected off the Galapagos Islands in the eastern Pacific, keys to the species of Anthias and to the species of eastern Pacific Anthiinae are provided, and com-ments are presented on hermaphroditism in the Anthiinae. The specimens of the new species, described herein, constitute the first authentic record of An-thias from the Pacific; the genus is otherwise known only from the Atlantic where it is represented by seven species. The following characters in combi-nation allow the separation of Anthias noeli from its congeners; soft rays in the dorsal fin 15 (rarely 16); tubed lateral-line scales 38 to 46; caudal-peduncle scales 22 to 25; lower jaw naked or with only a few scales posteriorly; gular region naked; total gillrakers on first gill arch 37 to 41; dorsal, anal, pelvic, and caudal fins each with some produced soft rays; anal fin angulate posteri-orly; depressed anal-fin length 32 to 43% SL; longest dorsal-fin spine (fourth or fifth) 14 to 20% SL; upper caudal-fin lobe (39-60% SL) longer than lower (38-57% SL); no teeth on tongue. During recent collecting trips to the Ga-many species being sexually dichromatic lapagos Islands, investigators aboard sub-and some being sexually dimorphic, espe-mersibles from the Harbor Branch Ocean-cially in fin structure. ographic Institution (Fort Pierce, Florida) There are approximately 185 valid de-have captured a number of new species, in-scribed species in the serranid subfamily eluding 17 specimens of the new anthiine Anthiinae, classified variously in at least 25 serranid described herein. Anthiines are genera; additionally, there are a number of small to medium size brightly colored fish-other known undescribed species of Anthi-es that occur worldwide in shallow to mod-inae in museum collections, and there are erate depths of tropical, subtropical, and undoubtedly other species that remain to be temperate seas. They are usually associated discovered. with coral reefs or rocky bottoms that pro-Katayama & Amaoka (1986) restricted vide refuge from predators. Individuals of Anthias to include only Atlantic forms, re-most species feed upon zooplankton near moving Indo-Pacific species more appro-the bottom and hastily seek shelter when priately regarded as representatives of approached by predators. Anthiines are of-Pseudanthias, Franzia, and Mirolabri-ten seen in aggregations, with males attend-chthys. Although not clearly stated, it ap-ing large harems. As far as is known, they pears that Katayama & Amaoka (1986:217-are protogynous hermaphrodites, with 219, 221) considered Anthias to include the
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