L18T OF BIRDS COLLECTED BY W1LLL\M T. FOSTER 
IN PARAGUAY. 
B}^ Hakky C. Oberholser, 
Assistant Orriitliohxjist, Depaiinieiit of Agriculture. 
The collection of Parao-iui}- birds .sent by Mr. AVilliani T. Foster to 
the United States National Museum, though small, is of more than 
casual interest. It consists of 78 specimens, representing 65 species 
and subspecies, several of which appear to be heretofore unrecorded 
from Paraguay; while BJac/cxs jjileatus^ Myiopagis caniceps^ Phyllo- 
iinjiax .s((l rtidorii, and (Ujanocordx hecJcelii are of sufficient rarity to 
be w^orthy of special mention. Further than this, there are seven 
})irds (four species and three subspecies) that seem to be new to 
science; and of these preliminary descriptions have already been 
published.^ Matter between quotation marks in the following list is 
from the notes of the collector. 
Sapucay, Paragua}^, whence come these specimens, is situated a 
short distance east of the cit}^ of Asuncion, thus somewhat south of the 
central portion of the countr}'. 
The subjoined notes are presented at the instance of Mr. Ridgway, 
curator of the division of 1)irds, to whom and to Dr. Charles W. 
Richmond the writer it5 indebted for man}^ kindnesses. To the 
authorities of the American Museum of Natural History, for the loan 
of specimens, due acknowledgment should here be made. 
Family BUCCONID.E. 
BUCCO CHACURU Vieillot. 
Bucco chacnrif Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., Ill, 181H, p. 239. 
One adult female. '"Iris brownish white.'' In this species there 
seems to be much individual difference in the depth of the buffy tinge 
on the lower surface and on the collar; in some specimens these parts 
are almost pure white, in others deep ochraceous. 
iProc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901, p. 187. 
Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXV— No. 1281. 
127 
128 l'R(>('EEl)IX(;S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv. 
Faniily riClD.E. 
VENILIORNIS SPILOGASTER (Wagler). 
Picus spilutjaster Wagler, Syst. Avium, 1(S27, Piciis, sp. 59, p. 33. 
Veinliornis spilogaster Obkruolher, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 205. 
One adult female, seemingly identical with a specimen taken at 
Buenos Ay res. "Iris browny red." 
PICUMNUS CIRRATUS Temminck. 
Picumnas cirrdiiiK Temmisvk, PL Col., IV, 1825, pi. cccl.xxi, fig. 1. 
One specimen, apparently immature, and differing- from the adult 
in the duller shade of back and scapulars. "Iris brown." 
Family FORMICARIID.E. 
HERPSILOCHMUS RUFIMARGINATUS (Temminck). 
Mi/ullwra riifimitrylnaUi Temmixck, PI. Col., II, 1822, pi. cxxxii, figs. 1,2. 
IlerpaUodiiinis riif()iii(ir<j!nafiif<C.
.\'sis, Wieguianu'n Archiv f. Naturg., 1847, Pt. 1, 
p. 224. 
One adult male, flune 27, lUUO. "'Iris brown.'' The back of this 
specimen has considerable admixture of black. Temminck's original 
description of Jfyothera nifimarglnata^ and Maximilian's Myiothera 
seapnlmns'^ represent a bird without black on the back; while 31 i/iot/i era 
varlcgata Maximilian^ is said to differ in haying black on some of the 
dorsal feathers. Unless this be a difference due to age or indiyidual 
yariation — apparently an unlikely hypothesis — there are probably two 
species now confused under the nauie JIerj)snoc/u/ius raji/ziarginatus, 
one of which should stand as IlerpslloclimuH variegates (Maximilian). 
Sufficient material to settle the question we haye not ayailal)le. 
DYSITHAMNUS MENTALIS (Temminck). 
Mijiilluni iijeiildlisTEyimscK, PI. Col., II, 1823, pl. clx.xi.v, fig. 3. 
D<iKi/lli(iiniiii..'^ nirnUdix Bckmeistek, Syst. Ueber. Vug. Bras., Ill, 1857, p. 82. 
One adult male, in perfect i)lumage and entireh' typical. "Iris 
brown." 
In a comparatiyely recent paper Dr. Allen * has united under this 
species both TJianmoplulus olitnceus Tschudi "' and DysUIuoKnus seiiu- 
cinei'em Sclater,'' following to ultimate end the doubt expressed by 
Dr. Sclater regarding the distinctness of the last.' True Dydthamnus 
>P1. Col., II, 1822, pl. cxxxn, figs. 1, 2. 
^Beitr. Naturg. Bras., Ill, 1830, p. 1083. 
■'Idem, !>. 1086 (Lichtenstein manuscript). 
*Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, V, 1893, p. 118. 
■^Faun. Per., Aves, 1845-46, p. 174, pi. xi, tig. 1. 
"Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1855, y^. 90, 147, pl. xcvii. 
'Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, p. 221. 
BIRDS COLLECTED IN PA RAO IJA Y— OBERHOLSER. 129 
mentalw, according toTeniniinck'.s orig-i rial plate and description, with 
which the above mentioned Panigua^' specimen perfectly agr(H;.s, is 
uniform dull gra3ash olive green on all the middle and posterior upper 
parts, this color being trenchantly defined against the pliuiibeous of 
head and cervix; the throat is grayish white, giving way rather 
a))ruptly to the clear naples 3^ellow of breast and a})domen. But 
Di/xlf/tdinniis oUvaceus is apparent!}^ quite a distinct species, the male 
differing from that of D. mentalw in being usually quite uniform 
plumbeous above, and though sometimes appreciably tinged with olive, 
principally on the rump, never olive green; the lower surface poste- 
rior to the throat is never clear yellow, but generally white medially, 
much shaded with slate gray laterally, and on flanks and crissum tinged 
with pale brownish, ochraceous, or yellowish. The same large series 
which Dr. Allen studied has ])een examined in the present connection; 
and a considerable number of additional specimens in the United States 
National Museum, principally from Colombia and Central America, 
have thrown light upon the questions involved. Two forms of 
D. ollvacevs: are readily recognizable, D. oUvaceus olimccvs from Peru, 
Bolivia and western Brazil, and D. olivaceus semicinerens from Colom- 
bia and Central America. While it is true that there are absolutely 
no valid characters by which the males of these two forms can be 
separated, there is no difficulty at all in distinguishing the females, for 
those of semicinereus are very much darker both above and below, 
specimens from Colombia (Bogota) being extreme in this particidar. 
With regard to the proper names for these two forms there is, unfor- 
tunately, some room for question. The point to be determined is the 
identity of Tschudi's name oUvaceus, which from plate and description 
might apply to either the Brazilian or Central American bird. The 
present separation of ol/'vaceus and senucinei'eus is based on comparison 
of specimens from Matto Grosso, Brazil, which are considered to 
represent oUvaceus, with examples from Bogota, the type locality of 
semicinereus:, while none from Ecuador, Peru, or Bolivia have been 
available. Should Peruvian specimens prove olivaceus identical with 
semicinereus, the latter would, of course, become a synonjnn, and 
another subspecific name would be necessary for the bird of west- 
ern Brazil, which undoubtedly would be affi/nis Pelzeln.^ Although 
strongly inclined to the belief that this will some day have to be 
done, we refrain from making such a change until absolute proof of 
the necessity be ol)tained. 
THAMNOPHILUS CiERULESCENS Vieillot. 
TlKimuxiphilux c:rrulesce)ij< Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., Ill, ISKi, j). 311. 
A single adult male in perfect plumage is apparently typical. "'Iris 
br 
•own. 
'Orn. Bras., 1869, pp. 80, 149. 
Proc. N. M. vol. XXV— 02 9 
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv. 
THAMNOPHILUS OCHRUS Oberholser. 
Thamnophilioi ocJiriis Obekhol.sek, True-. Biol. Hoc. Washington, XIV, 1901, p. 
188. 
Char.s. .sjj. — Female resemblino- that of Thamnoj)hUus cxrulescens, 
but rather lighter, more grayish above; the lesser wing-coverts black 
instead of olivaceous; the entire ventral surface decidedly paler, the 
breast grayish buff, the central portion of abdomen bufty white. 
Desct'ljption. — Type, adult female. No. 173378, U.S.N.M, ; Sapucay, 
Paraguay, June 21, 1900; William T. Foster. Upper parts grayish 
olive brown, more brownish on the scapulars and on the crown, the 
fore part of which latter is lighter; the feathers of the center of the 
back with large ill-concealed white spots usually in the form of broad 
irregular bars, succeeded distally l\v a more or less evident suliterminal 
mark of blackish; middle tail-feathers similar to the general tone of 
the back, though rather darker, unmarked with white, the remaining 
rectrices brownish black, margined with brownish slate, and tipped 
with white, the outer pair with also a white bar about 7 millimeters 
wide near the middle of the external web; wing-quills fuscous, edged 
exteriorly with olive brown; all the superior coverts black tipped with 
white, the greater series margined basally with grayish olive brown; 
lores, cheeks, and e^-e ring grayish white, much mixed with grayish 
olive; sides of neck and head l)ehind the eyes grayish olive, the auricu- 
lars rather darker with shaft lines of buffy white; chin and throat 
grayish white mixed with dusky and very faintly washed with ochra- 
ceous; breast grayish buff — or better, dull pule gray washed with 
ochraceous buff'; sides, flanks, and crissum plain ochraceous, the cen- 
ter of abdomen and lower breast dull ])ufly white; under wing-coverts 
and inner margins of wing-quills buffy white; axillars buffy ochraceous. 
Bill brownish black, the base of mandible paler; "iris brown." Length 
of wing, 70 mm. ; tail, 65 mm. ; exposed culmen, 12 mm. ; height of 
bill at base, 5.5 mm.; tarsus, 23.5 mm., middle toe, 13 mm. 
Only a single specimen, the female above described, was obtained 
by Mr. Foster, but this apparently differs so greatly and in so many 
respects from the same sex of all allied species that it seems undoubt- 
edly to represent a form hitherto undescribed. It seems to be nearest 
ThavivopkiJus exrulescens in size and proportions, and in these respects 
scarcely exhibits material difference, though in color it is of quite other 
appeai-ance, as above set forth. The only other species with which it 
seems to have at all close aflinity is Thanuiopli'dus asperslventer 
d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye,^ from Yungas, Bolivia, but judging from 
the various descriptions of this latter, the female of ThamnopTiilus 
ochrus is very much paler below, having a broad buffy white area on 
^Synopsis Avium, I, 1837, p. 10; d' Orbigny, Voyage Amer. Merid., IV, Ois., 
1835-44, p. 171, pi. IV, figs. 1 and 2. 
BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUAY -OBERHOLSER. 131 
the lower breast and in the center of the abdomen, sharply contrasted 
to the ochraceous of sides and flanks; also the bill of ochi'itx is of 
smaller size. 
There are apparently no synonyms that apply to this new species, 
for Thamnopliil ux piJ ('(Aiu!< Swainson' is clearly not the same, if indeed 
at all with certainty identifiable; and Thainnojjhihis ventralis Sclater^ 
is undoubtedl}^ the Tham7wphilus cyarulescens of Vieillot. Further- 
more the I'hamnojjhiJus cmratnn of Vieillot^ does not correspond with 
the bird sent l)y Mr. Foster, and quite surely is the female of 
T. cxrulcsccns. 
THAMNOPHILUS RADIATUS Vieillot. 
TlKimnophlln.s radiatnx Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., Ill, 1816, p. 315. 
The sini^le adult female is apparently typical of this species. ''Iris 
buff.'' 
HYPOEDALEUS GUTTATUS (Vieillot). 
ThamnojMlus guttalus YiEiLhOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat, III, 1816, p. 315. 
Hypoedaleus guttatus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 18. 
One .'tdult male, seemingly indistinguishable from a specimen taken 
in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. ''Iris brown." 
This species differs so greatly in the shape of the bill and length of 
tail from the typical forms of Thavinophihis that there seems to be 
excellent reason for the generic separation proposed hy Cabanis and 
Heine,* and here adopted. 
Family DEN DKOCOLAPTID.E. 
PICOLAPTES TENUIROSTRIS APOTHETUS Oberholser. 
I'lcolnptes tenuiroiytrU ajxilhehis ( )beuholsek, Proe. Biol. 8oc. Wayhington, XIV, 
1901, p. 188. 
Cliars. suhs2>. — Similar to PJcoIaptes temiirostrU temilr<>strl><^ but 
very much smaller, and with the pale shaft streaks of the l)ack d(>cidedly 
more narrow. 
Description.— Tyx^a.'cxdwM male. No. 173385, U.S.N.M.; Sapucay, 
Paraguay, June 16, 11»()(); William T. Foster. Upper parts olive 
brown, the back more reddish, the rump and upper tail-coverts chest- 
nut; head thickly spotted with ochraceous, which markings become 
l)road shaft-streaks on the cervix and dwindle to narrow shaft lines 
on the inter.scapiilum; tail chestnut; wings fuscous, when closed the 
exposed surface reddish olive brown, excepting the innermost sec- 
ondaries which are entirely dark chestnut, and the inner margins 
1 Zoological Journal, II, 1825, p. 91. 
^Edinb. New. Philos. Journ., New Ser., I, 1855, p. 244. 
^Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat., Ill, 1816, p. 312. 
*Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 18. 
132 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
of the basal portions of the quills, which are fulvous; lores, cheeks, 
and superciliary stripe pale buff, the tirst mixed, the rest finely squa- 
mate with olive l)r()wn; auriculars ochraceous buff", on lowej- half 
mixed with olive brown, on upper portion dark brown mixed with 
buffy; sides of neck ochraceous, with squamate markings of dark olive 
brown; chin and throat deep buff", unmarked; rest of inferior surface 
dull o-rayish olive brown, much paler than the upper parts, and broadly 
streaked, particularlv on median portion, with dull ochraceous l)uff, 
the crissum rather more rufescent; lining of wing ochraceous buff'. 
"Iris brown. ""* 
The difference in size exhibited l)y the single specimen above 
described is so great that it seems not to ])e attributable to sex or age, 
but to indicate a geographical race worthy of recognition. The char- 
acter of the dorsal markings is constant in the six Brazilian specimens 
examined. Both of the synonyms of Pieolaptrs fent/iro.sfr/'.s — Dcndm- 
C02:>H>< fuscufi Vieillot,^ and Pieolaptcs (juttata Lesson,^ refer without 
doubt to the bird from Brazil, so that the Paraguay form is without 
a name. 
The size of both fcindrostrl-s and apothctus is shown in the following 
table of millimeter measurements: 
Familv FURNARIID.l^]. 
SITTASOMUS ERITHACUS ( Lichtenstein). 
Dendrocolaptes erithaciis JjicHTEyiiiTEit^, Abhaiull. Akad. Berl., 1820, p. 259, pi. i. 
Sittasomiis eryihacus Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 209. 
The single example differs from one taken at Bahia, Brazil, in its 
deeper, more yellowish olive color both above and below. "Iris 
brown." 
XENICOPSIS ACRITUS ( Oberholser). 
Anabazenops acriius Oberhol.ser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, 1901, p. 187. 
Xenicopsis acritus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902, p. 61. 
Chars, sjj. — Similar to Xenicopsis oleagineiis (Sclater), but decidedly 
darker, particularly below, the color throughout greenish olive instead 
of olive brown, the superciliary stripe deeper ochraceous, the throat 
more yellowish, the light areas of the lower surface more greenish. 
'Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXVI, 1818, p. 
2 Cent. ZooL, 1830, p. 93, pi. xx.xn. 
117. 
NO. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARA G ITA Y—OBERHOLSER. 133 
De><c7'iption. — Type, adult male, No. 173384, U.S.N, M.; Sai)ucay, 
Paragua}', June 11, 1900; William T. Foster. Upper surface almost 
uniform dull, dark olive o^reen, many of the feathers with very narrow 
dusky margins producing a slight squamate effect; tail bright chestnut, 
unmarked; wings dark brown, the innermost secondaries, outer vanes 
of primaries and exposed surface of all the superior wing-coverts 
rufescent olive brown, the inner margins of all the quills deep 
ochraceous; lores and superciliaiy stripe rich ochraceous, the former 
mixed with olive, the latter somewhat paler posteriorly; sides of head 
and neck dull olive green, much streaked with vellowish and ])uffy 
white; chin and upper throat pale naples yellow, the feathers with 
small terminal spots of olive; rest of lower surface dull olive green, 
streaked with yellowish white, greenish white, and pale ochraceous, 
most broadly along the median line, most narrowly on flanks and sides 
where restricted to line shaft lines, all this streaking distinct, as in 
Xenlcopsls oleaghieus; crissum with a rufous tinge; lining of wing 
dark ochraceous. "Iris brown." Length of wing, 75 mm. ; tail. 7»') mm. ; 
exposed culmen, 16 mm.; tarsus, 23 mm.; middle toe, 17 nun. 
This new species, of which l)ut a single specimen is in the collection, 
is apparently most closely allied to Xenicopsis oleaglneux (Sclater),^ 
but compared with some of the original specimens of that species it 
differs as above stated. With X. rufosiqx'rcilicUiin (Laf resnaye) " it 
can scarcely be confused, ])eing so very different in its dull olive green 
instead of rufescent olive ]>rown, both al)Ove and below% and in the 
very much more sharply defined markings of the ventral surface. 
Reichenbach's Clchlocolaptes ochrohlejjharus^ and his Cichlocolaptes 
adKjyersns^ belong undoubtedly under Xenicopsh rvfosiq^erciUattis, so 
that the present bird appears never to have been described. 
The type of the genus Anahme7wps is clearly Sitta fu)<ca Vieillot 
{ = Anabatoides fuscus Auct.) for which this name should be used, 
leaving, as Dr. Sharpe has indicated,-^ Xeiricopsis Cabanis and Heine 
for the group commonly known as A?i(ihaze?top.s. 
PHILYDOR RUFUS (Vieillot). 
Dendrocopus rufus Y1EIL1.0T, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXVI, 1818, p. 119. 
P/aZ?/dor ru/n.s- Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 29. 
One specimen, apparently identical with a Brazilian example. " Iris 
brown." 
iProc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 188.3, p. 654. 
•^Mag. de Zool., 1882, Ois., pi. vii. 
^Handbuch der Spec. Orn., 1851, p. 174, i-l. nwvii, t\<s. :5H88. 
*Idem, p. 174. 
=^Hand-Li.«t Gen. and Spec. Birds, III, 1901, p. 70. 
134 PROCEEDINas OF THE KATIOXAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv. 
ANUMBIUS ANNUMBI (Vieillot). 
■ Furnarin.'^ (UDunnhi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XII, 1S17, p. 117. 
Antlms acidicaudatus Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, p. 424. 
The one adult male in the collection seems to bo just like speci- 
mens from Buenos Ayres. ''Iris l)ro\vn.'' 
This well-known species, the Anumhttis aeutieaudatiis of authors, 
should be called Anvmhiuft fmmimM, as above given, since this name 
is bv several years the older, as well as of undoubted application. 
SYNALLAXIS SPIXI Sclater. 
Si/naild.ris spi.ri Sclatek, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 98. 
The single example, an adult male, is apparently indistinguishable 
from the birds of Brazil which represent the typical form of the 
species. "Iris brown." 
SYNALLAXIS RUFICAPILLA Vieillot. 
Syrinlla.ris rufimpilla Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. .310. 
One specimen, an adult female. " Iris l»rown.'' 
LOCHMIAS NEMATURA (Lichtenstein). 
Myiotheranematimi I^ichtenstein, \'erz. Doubl., 1823, j). 43. 
Lochmins nematura Bo^.KPARTK, Oonsp. Avium, I, 1850, \>. 210. 
The single specimen is rather darker, duller, and less rufescent above 
than one from Brazil, but otherwise does not diti'er. "Iris In-own." 
There is a good deal of variation in color among e.xamples of this 
species, but it seems to ])e entirely individual, not geographical. 
FURNARIUS RUFUS iGmelin), 
Merops rufus G.melin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 465. 
Fiirncmns rufuff t>'Orbig'SY, Voyage Amer. Merid., Ois., 1835-44, p. 250. 
One specimen; apprecial)lv darker on the l)reast and upper parts 
than examples from Buenos A3'res; but whether or not this difference 
is geographical is inconclusively shown by the material at hand. "Iris 
brown." 
Family C^OTINGID.l^:. 
PACHYRHAMPHUS VIRIDIS (Vieillot). 
TilyravlridlsYiEii.uyr, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., III. 1816, p. 348. 
PdcJn/rhamphiiti riri(li>< Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soo. Lond., 1857, j). 75. 
A single adult male is in the collection. ''Iris l)rown." 
The basis of Vieillot's Tif///'t/ rtridix was Azara's Paragua}- bird, 
the present example coming thus from the type locality. The bird 
of eastern Brazil, however, is much smaller and slightly paler, ])eing 
BIRDS COLLECTED IN PA RAG UA Y— OBERHOLSER. 135 
apparently separable as a geographical race. Five males from Bahia, 
Brazil, average in measurement of wing, 72 mm., of tail, 56 mm.; 
while the present Paraguay example has a wing of 78 mm., and a tail 
of 62 mm. The earliest name availaljle for the Brazilian race is 
ciivlerU Swainson:^ and the proper comljination is PacJiyrhaiuphus 
r!rld!s cHvieri!. 
Family PIPRTDyF. 
SCOTOTHORUS UNICOLOR (Bonaparte). 
Heteropelma iniiciihn- Bonaparte, Consp. Av. Volucr. Anisod., 1S54, p. 4. 
<SV'o?o</ioras unicoZor Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 209. 
Heteropelma virescens Auct. 
One example, apparently typical. " Iris brown." 
CHIROXIPHIA CAUDATA (Shaw). 
Pipraraiidata Shaw, Nat. Miscell., V, 1794, pi. cliii. 
Chiro.viphia caudafa Cabanis, Wiegmann's Archiv f. Naturg., 1847, I, p. 235. 
Three specimens. "Iris brown." One of these is an immature 
male, and differs from the adult female as follows: Whole crown scar- 
let; throat, sides of head and neck mixed with blackish; under surface 
tinged with l)luish. 
Family TYRANNID.F. 
MYIARCHUS FEROX (Gmelin). 
Mnscicapa fero.r (rsiKiA's, Syst. Nat., I, 17SS, p. 9154. 
Mi/iarch'us fero.r Cabanis, Wiegmann's Archiv f. Naturg. (Ornith. Notiz. ), I, 
1847, p. 248. 
One specimen, closely resembling })irds from Guiana, differing only 
in the more rufescent tinge to the upper tail-coverts, and in the darker, 
more reddish edgings to the wing-coverts. "Iris brown." 
Judging from specimens in the United States National Museum 
collection, Myiarchiis ferox is entirely distinct from My larch us prl- 
zelnl Berlepsch."^ The latter is lighter ashy on the breast, much 
paler, more grayish above, and has a decidedly paler bill. 
BLACICUS PILEATUS (Ridgway). 
ContopM.5pi7eoh<.s KiDciWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., VIII, 1885, p. 21. 
Blacicus pileatus Oberholser, Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 3:57. 
A single adult male of this ver^^ distinct species is of particular 
interest, since it reveals for the ffrst time the region in which the bird 
may be found. The species was original!}^ described from a single 
specimen without indicated localit}^ which Mr. Ridgway discovered 
among the collections of the American Museum of Natural History in 
^Psaris cuvierii, Zool. Illnst., I, 1820-21, pi. xxxii. 
2 Ibis, 1883, p. 139. 
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv. 
New York Cit}-, and which until now has remained unique. The pres- 
ent example has been carefully compared with the type, and there is 
no doubt of their identity; though the former is somewhat more ochra- 
ceouson the central portion of the abdomen, as well as darker, slightly 
more greenish olive throughout, this difference, of course, to be 
expected, for the type was for a long time mounted, and through 
exposure to light has become somewhat faded. Our specimen meas- 
ures: wing, 70 mm.; tail, G5 mm.; exposed culmen, 11 nun.: tar- 
sus, 13.5 mm.; middle toe, 8 nun. ''Iris brown." 
SIRYSTES SIBILATOR (Vieillot). 
Muscicdjvi ffihilntor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXI, 181S, p. 457. 
Siri/sfes sibilator CABASifi and Heine, Muh. Hein., II, 1859, p. 75. 
One female. "Iris brown." The edgings of the wing-coverts in 
this example are entirel}'^ ochraceous, apparently a lingering mark of 
immaturity. The longer lower tail -coverts are pale ochraceous, and 
the black upper tail-coverts are narrowly margined with chestnut. 
RHYNCHOCYCLUS SULPHURESCENS (Spix). 
Pl(it>/r]iiiw'h>tss>(lpliiire>!criis Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., II, 1S25, p. ]0, pi. xir, fig. 1. 
Rht/nchocydus sulp}iure>fcen.'< C\B.\yi^ and Heine, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 56. 
One adult female, Julv 21, 1!»00. "Iris light brown." 
This species is quite certainly divisible into several geographical 
races, but sufficient material is not at present accessible to render 
advisable any such attempt. Birds from Matto Grosso, Brazil, are 
identical with the one here chronicled from Paraguay, and those from 
Trinidad are not appreciably ditferent. 
SUIRIRI SUIRIRI (Vieillot). 
Muscicapa suiriri Vieillot Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXI, ISIS, p. 487. 
Suiriri suiriri o^ ORBiGfiY , Voyage Amer. Merid., Ois., 1835-44, p. :>36. 
One adult female. "Iris brown." This is a typical specimen, as 
Vieillot's name was based on the "Suiriri ordinario" of Azara. The 
bird described hy Gould as Pac/n/ramjjhus alhescens,^ from Buenos 
Ayres, good specimens of which are in the United States National 
Museum, represents a recognizable subspecies which should be known 
as Suiriri .Huiriri albescens. It differs from the true st/iriri in being 
rather more grayish on the upper surface, but principally in having 
the wing-bars and outer margins of the secondaries almost pure white 
instead of dull olive gray. 
The proper generic name for this group is Suiriri d'Orl)igny.^ as it 
seems to be entirely pertinent, and of very nmch earlier date than 
Empidagra Cabanis and Heine. ^ 
1 Zool. Voyage Beagle, III, 1841, p. 50, pi. xiv. 
2 Voyage Amer. Merid., Ois., 18:55-44, p. 3:36. 
»Mus. Hein., II, 1859, j). 59. 
NO. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARA G UA Y—OBERHOLSER. 137 
MYIOPAGIS CANICEPS (Swainson). 
Tj/rannula caniceps Swainson, Birds Brazil, 1835 (?), pi. xlix. 
^fl/lopaglf! caniceps Shxrpe, Hand-List Gen. Spec. Birds, III, 1!)()1, p. 117. 
A lino adult male of this very rare and very distinct species is in the 
collection. It dili'er.'; in some respects from typical members of the 
u-enus }[i/ln2>a(j/K in its more slender 1)111 and greater relative length of 
the two outer primaries, but is undoul)tedly much more satisfactorily 
placed here than in EJxn/a. This specimen may be descril)ed as 
follows: 
Crow^n plumbeous, with slat}^ shaft streaks and washed with olive 
green; the l)asal portion of the crest feathers white, mixed with pale 
sulphur yellow, forming a lengthened, almost concealed vertical spot; 
remainder of upper surface rather paler than the crown, olive green, 
brightest and clearest on rump, increasingly mingled with plumbeous 
anteriorly until completely merging into the color of the pileum; tail 
fuscous, bordered with olive green; wings sepia brown, the lesser 
coverts and outer margins of primaries olive green, the outer edges of 
secondaries, with tips of greater and lesser wing-coverts pale sulphur 
yellow; the sides of head and neck plumbeous, mixed with greenish on 
the latter, the auriculars with whitish shaft streaks, the eye ring and 
suborbital region mixed svith grayish white; lower surf ace dull white, 
the breast and sides of throat shaded with plumbeous, the sides, flanks 
and crissum tinged with sulphur yellow, this on the sides slightly 
mingled with greenish; lining of wing pale sulphur yellow; inner mar- 
gins of wing-quills butfy white. ''Iris bufiV Length of wing, 59 mm. ; 
tail, 5-1 mm.; exposed culmen, 1>.,5 nmi.; tarsus. 18 mm.; middle toe, 
11. T) mm. 
EL.<ENIA PAGANA PAGANA (Lichtenstein). 
Mnscicupa pjarjana Lichtenstein, Verz. Doul)l., 1823, p. 54. 
Elaenea pagana Cabanis, in Schombnrgk's Reis. Guian., Ill, 184S, i>. 701. 
One female. ''Iris brown.'' 
PHYLLOMYIAS SALVADORII (Dubois). 
PJujUomytas berlepschi Salvadori, Boll. Mas. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 292, p. 13 
(not Sclater). 
PJiyUomyias hremrostrh var. mlradora Dubois, Synop. Avium, Ft. 4, 1900, p. 238. 
A single adult specimen belongs undoubtedh^ to this newly descri])ed 
species. It measures as follows: Wing, 02.5 mm.; tail, 00 mm.; 
exposed culmen, 8 mm.; tarsus, 18 mm.; middle toe, 10.5 mm. 
"Iris brown." 
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv. 
LEPTOPOGON AMAUROCEPHALUS ICASTUS Oberholser. 
Leptopogoii (tmaiiron-plialii.s icustns Oheuiioi.skk, Vvov. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
XIV, 1901, p. 187. 
C/iars. sithsj). — Similar to Leptopogon amaurocephalus trlsth^ but 
larger, crown more brownish, the anterior lower surface less purel}' 
yellow, and the wing-bands pale ochraceous instead of pure yellow. 
Description. — Type, adult male. No. 173405, IT.S.N.^VI.; Sapucay, 
Paragua}', July 23, 1900; William T. Foster. Crown and occiput 
olive brown, but little darker than the pure olive green of the remainder 
of the upper surface, and into which it almost insensibly passes on the 
nape; upper tail-coverts slightly more brownish than the back; tail 
fuscous, edged with olive green; wings sepia brown, the remiges mar- 
gined externally with olive green, internally with buff, the lesser 
coverts olive green, the others edged with the same, the median and 
greater series with broad tips of pale ochraceous, forming two well- 
defined wing-bands; lores and orbital region broAvnish white, mixed 
with olive brown; cheeks mingled greenish, brownish, and whitish; 
auriculars anteriorly brownish white, posteriori}- deep olive brown, 
this forming a conspicuous patch; sides of neck grayish olive green; 
chin and upper throat grayish white, washed with olive yellow; rest 
of ventral surface sulphur yellow, much shaded with olive green on 
jugulum, breast, and sides; lining of wing sulphur yellow, the bend of 
wing tinged with, ochraceous; bill brownish black, the basal half of 
mandible dull white. "Iris brown." Length of wing, 69 mm.; tail, 
63mm.; exposed culmen, 11 mm.; tarsus, 16 mm.; middle toe, 9 mm. 
This apparently new form is perhaps nearest LrpfojxK/oii (iinavro- 
ceplialus ammrrocephalus., from which, however, it ditiers in its some- 
what larger size, less ochraceous wing-bands, and paler, nmch less 
brownish, less well-delined cap. 
Dr. Allen ^ is seemingly quite right in asserting the close relation- 
ship of Leptopogon amaurocephalus, L. a. plleatus., and L. a. trlstli^, 
and considering them simply as geographical forms of one wide- 
ranging species. Zeptopogo?) a. plleatus may easily be distinguished 
from true aiuaurocrphaJus by its darker, more ochraceous lower surface, 
more yellowish green upper parts, and warmer brown pileum. 
ORCHILUS AURICULARIS (Vieillot). 
Platyrhynchos (wriciilarifi Yikillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXVII, 1818, p. 16. 
Ordiilus auricuhiris Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 51. 
A single example is like one from Brazil, except for rather darker, 
richer colors above as weix as on sides of head and neck. The latter, 
however, may possibly be a female. ""'Iris brown.'' 
iBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, p. 334. 
N... r28l. BIRDS COLLECTED TX PAUAarAY—OBEJUTOr^SE]:. 189 
EUSCARTHMUS MARGARITACEIVENTER (D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye). 
TodI rostrum margarltiiciin III, I- 1)'( )Ki!i(i.\v and Lafj{ksnave, Synop. Aviuiii, I, 
1837, p. 46. 
EusrartlDiiiis margaritdccirnitrix Sclateh and Sai.vix, Proc Znol. Soc. Lond., ISTil, 
p. 612. 
One specimen in perfect plumage. "' Iris Imfi." 
There are possibly two species at present united by authors under 
E. margavHacementer. The abov(^ (waniple agrees with the original 
description of margaritaeeiventer in being distinctly, even conspicu- 
ousl}", streaked on chin, throat, and breast. Dr. Sclater, however, 
describes this species as being without streaking on the lower surface,^ 
though he fails to note that this is not in correspondence with the 
original description. If the birds prove really to })e representatives 
of two forms, the name for the nonstreaked species is probably 
Eu8(Mrfhiiitis iriicfiereri Sclater and Salvin,'^ the diagnosis of which 
seems to indicate such a difference from true /T. inargarltao'hnndei'. 
MACHETORNIS RIXOSUS (Vieillot). 
Tyrannits ru;osu« ViEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXV, 1S19, \^. 85. 
J/f/r'/^etorH/.s rM0.s?i.s BuRMEisTEK, Syst. Ueber. Vog. Bras., II, 185(), p. 514. 
A single female,' apparently identical with birds from Brazil and 
Buenos Ayres. "Iris brown." 
COPURUS COLONUS (Vieillot). 
Miixintixt roUmus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXI, 1818, p. 448. 
(hjHirux roldiniK Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 41. 
One adult male. '"Iris brown."" The head is rather more grayish 
than in the adult specimens available for comparison, but whether this 
is due to age or to geographical variation is not evident from our 
material. 
LICHENOPS PERSPICILLATA (Gmelin). 
Motdvilla perApieUlaUi (tMELix, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 969. 
Liclienops perspicilkiiKs GoniA), Zool. Yoy. Beagle, III, 1841, p". 51, ])!. ix. 
Two specimens. ''Iris buff' [young male]; iris yellow [adidt male]." 
This immature male is quite similar to the adult female, but is darker 
and is more broadly streaked on the upper parts, breast, and lower 
tail-coverts. 
KNIPOLEGUS CYANIROSTRIS (Vieillot). 
Miixncapa ci/wilrostris yiEiLhor, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXI, 181S, ji. 447. 
Cnipolegus cyanirostr is Boa AF ARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 195. 
Two specimens, apparently typical. "Iris red [adult male]; iris 
brown [adult female]." 
•Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, pp. 78, 80. 
^ Nomenclator Avium Neotrop., 1873, p. 158. 
140 PROCEEDrNGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. a x v. 
Family TROGLODYTID^E. 
TROGLODYTES MUSCULUS Naumann. 
Tr»<ih„}!iU'^ nnisrHliis Naimaxn, V;)g. Deutschl., Ill, 1828, ].. 724, tu])lt' (Licliten- 
steiii inHnuscrii)t) . 
One speciiiion. "Iris l)ro\vn/* This bird belonj^'s apparently to the 
dark race from southern Brazil, to which the name /tntsculus is appli- 
cable. It is identical with another specimen from the Parana River, 
and much darker, more rufescent both al)ove and below than the birds 
from Buenos Ayres. 
Family VTREONID.E. 
CYCLARHIS VIRIDIS (Vieillot). 
Salhtlnr rlridis Vieillot, Encyc. Meth., II, 1823, p. 793. 
Ci/c/orlii.^ riridix Bi'RMEisTER, Syst. Ueber. Thiere Bras., Ill, 1856, p. 107. 
One adult male. "Iris orange." 
CYCLARHIS OCHROCEPHALA Tschudi. 
('!/<inrhi)< or}irorf]th(il<i Thchvdi, WieKiiianii's Aniiiv f. Natury. . I, 1845, ]>. 362. 
One specimen, an adult female. "Iris lirowny red." 
Family CORVID.E. 
CYANOCORAX HECKELII Pelzeln. 
C,i„i,oc<>vax herh'ld Pelzelx, Sitz. k. Aka<l. \Vis><. Wieii, XX, 1856, ]>. 163. 
A single unsexed, undated specimen of this rare and very handsome 
jay is in the collection. It is in excellent plumage and apparently 
entirely typical. Wing, 183 mm.: tail, 159 mm.; exposed cuhuen, 
28.5 mm.; tarsus, 4-6 mm. 
Family CCEREBID.E. 
DACNIS CAYANA (Linnaeus). 
Motadlla cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 336. 
Dacnis cayana Strickland, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 15. 
Two specimens, both of which seem to be rather darker and duller 
above than ordinary examples. "Iris light brown [male];" "iris 
brown [female]." 
ATELEODACNIS SPECIOSA (Maximilian.) 
Sylria sjH'c'ujxd Maximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., Ill, 1830, p. 708. 
Two specimens. "Iris brown [male];" "iris light brown [female]." 
The male is not quite adult, having still a wash of yellowish olive on 
the upper parts, most of the wing-quills with yellowish green outer 
BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARA G UA Y—OBERHOLSER. 141 
iiiiirgiiis. and many pale buffy feathers on the under surface, where they 
contrast plainly with the incoming feathers of the pale gray perfect 
plumage. 
Mr. Kidgway has directed our attention to the structural dili'crences 
obtaining between the so-called '"''Dacnis^^ •'<j)ecfo.mnnd DacnLs cayana — 
ditt'erences that obviousW necessitate generic separation, the nameyl?'^- 
h'(>(h((')us Cassin^ being applicable to the former. The other species 
of this group are: 
Afrleodacnis leucogeni/s (Lafresnaye) (type of genus). 
Afelcodacnis analis (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye). 
Ateleodacnis phtmbea (Latham). 
(?) Ateleodacnis sahnonl (Sclater). 
Family MNIOTILTID.E. 
BASILEUTERUS AURICAPILLUS (Swainson). 
iSetojjhaga iniricapUla Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, j). 2i)o. 
Basileuterux auricapiUug Srarve, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 393. 
One specimen. "Iris brown." The birds from northern South 
America are rather darker and decidedly more brownish above than 
those from Brazil and Paraguay, and are worthy of subspecific 
recognition. 
This species is usually called Bas<7euterus'Dermivorus, but this name^ 
refers primarily to Si/Ivia vennivora Latham,^ which is Ilelmlthems 
vi'rmh'oi'Hs (Gmelin); and the designation above given is therefore the 
proper one. 
BASILEUTERUS LEUCOBLEPHARUS CALUS Oberholser. 
Basilevtcrns lucohlepJutrvs calus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washington, XIV, 
1901, p. 188. 
Chars, stdhsjj. — Similar to BasilcKterus leacohlepIiaraK: leucohlepharux, 
but slate color of head and neck darker, less brownish; olive green of 
back and rump less yellowish; breast much more heavily shaded with 
slate gray; sides and tianks almost pure slate gray, instead of olive 
green mixed with pale brownish gray; crissum yellowish white instead 
of olive yellow; bill darker brown. 
Description. — Type, adult male. No. 173448, U.S.N.M. ; Sapucay, 
Paraguay, July 1, 1900; William T. Foster. Pileura and nape slate 
color; a sharply defined line extending backw^ard from the base of 
bill on each side of the crown, slate black; rest of upper surface plain 
olive green; tail similar, with rather lighter edgings; remiges fuscous, 
iProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270. 
''Sylvia vermivora Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XI, 1817, p. 278. 
3 Index Orn., II, 1790, p. 544. 
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
all the exposed portions of the wings (juite similar in color to the back; 
supraloral area and eye ring white; lores slate color; no well-detined 
superciliary stripe; cheeks, sides of throat and neck slate color, all but 
the last somewhat mixed with whitish; chin and center of throat white, 
sharply defined laterally and against the slate gray of the breast; center 
of the breast heavily mottled with slate gray, the sides of the same, 
together with sides of body and the flanks, deep slate gray, the latter 
very slightl}' mingled with olive green; median portion of abdomen 
white: under tail-coverts pale yellowish; bend of wing and axillars 
lemon yellow. Bill dark brownish slate; feet pale; ''iris brown." 
Length of wing, 65.5 mm.; tail, 67 mm.; exposed culmen, 11 mm.; 
tarsus, 25 mm.; middle toe, 14 mm. 
There seems to be little, if any, difference in size between adns and 
true leucohlejiharus, but if anything, the former is slightly smaller. 
The only name which could by any possibilitv apply to this new form 
is Trichas siq)erclUosus Swainson,^ and this appears to be undoubtedly 
a pure synonym of Basileuterus leucoblej^harus leucohlepharus. 
GEOTHLYPIS ^QUINOCTIALIS VELATA (Vieillot). 
Sylvia velata Vieillot, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807, p. 22, pi. lxxiv. 
Geothlypis velata Cabanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 16. 
One specimen in perfect plumage, entirel}^ typical of this form. 
"Iris light brown." Some specimens fi'om western Brazil apparently 
indicate intergradation with auricula/'ls, while others from the north- 
eastern part of this country approach sequinoctlalis. There are at 
least four good sulxspecies of Geoihlyph pequinoctialis, as follows: 
Geof/ilyjjf's mqui nod kills xqulnoctlalis (Gmelin). — Northern South 
America, from Trinidad and Guiana to Colombia, and probably north- 
eastern Peru. 
Geofhhjj^is a^qidnoctialis velata (Vieillot). — Eastern and southern 
Brazil to northern Argentine Republic, southeastern Peru, and pos- 
sibly Chile. 
Geothlyjjis seqitinoctialis auricularis (Salvin). — Western Peru. 
GeotJdypis sequinoctialis chiriquensls (Salvin). — Veragua, U. S. 
Colombia. 
Although Sylvia cKcuUata Latham^ antedates Sylvia wJata^ Vieillot 
for this species, to which attention has been called by Dr. Richmond,^ 
the combination Geothlypis cueidlata can not be employed for this 
bird, since it was long previously used as the original designation of a 
Mexican bird described by Salvin and Godman.^ 
' Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 295. 
2 Index Orn., II, 1790, p. 528. 
3 Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807, p. 22, pi. lxxiv. 
*Auk, XVII, 1900, p. 179. 
5 Ibis, 1889, p. 237. 
i 
NO. 1281. BTRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUAY— OBERIWLt^ER. 143 
COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI PITIAYUMI (Vieillot). 
SijIrUi pifmfiiniii Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XI, 1S17, p. 27(). 
<'oiit/ti<ofli/ifpl.'<pitioyumlCAKA^i)i, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 21. 
One fspet'inien, belonging without doubt to the typical form, rather 
than to the larger, darker and more richly colored race from northern 
and western South America, C()mi>mthJyph jjUknjvini pacifim. "Iris 
brown.'' 
Family ICTERID.E. 
ICTERUS PYRRHOPTERUS (Vieillot). 
Agclaius pi/rrhopteriix Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, p. 543. 
Icterus jii/rrJiopternx d'Orbigxy and Lafresnaye, Synop. Avium, II, 1838, p. 6. 
One adidt male, apparently identical with Bolivian specimens, 
''Iris l)ro\vn.'' 
Family TANAGKID.E. 
TRICHOTHRAUPIS QUADRICOLOR (Vieillot). 
TachyphoniisquadricolorYiEiLun, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. :)59. 
Trkhothraupis quadricolor Cabanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 23. 
Two specimens. " Iris brown." The immature male of this species 
ditlers from the adult in being darker, more brownish olive above, 
and more deeply ochraceous beloAv ; the yellow coronal patch is 
wanting, but is indicated by the pale yellow bases of the feathers of 
the vertex, the amount of this color increasing with age. 
PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA (Vieillot). 
Staltator [sic] ruUrm Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XIV, 1817, p. 107. 
Phoenicothraupis ruMca Cabanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 24. 
One specimen, an adult male, apparently typical. '" Iris brown." 
NEMOSIA GUIRA (Linnaeus). 
Motarilla giiira Lixx.eus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 335. 
Xemosia guira Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 236. 
Two specimens, male and female. "Iris brown." 
Birds from Paraguay and southwestern Brazil are uniformly of 
large size, while those from eastern South America (Brazil to Vene- 
zuela) seem to average smaller; but whether or not this character is 
sufficienth^ constant to warrant the recognition of two geographical 
races the present material does not show. There is no observable 
difference in color. 
EUPHONIA PECTORALIS (Latham). 
Pipra pector<dh'L\'ni\yi, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ivii. 
Euphonia jmioralis Bo'SAPAUTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 233. 
One adult male. "Iris brown." 
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi. xxv. 
EUPHONIA VIOLACEA (Linnaeus). 
FrIiKjiUd viulacea Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., lOtli ed., I, 1758, p. 182. 
I'JiiplioniaviolaceaM.AxnnLiAN, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., Ill, 1830, }>. 439. 
Two .specimens, male and female. " Iris brown.'" 
While there seems to be no constant color ditierence Ijetween ))irds 
from Guiana and those from southern Brazil and Paraguay, yet the 
northern race is so much smaller that its recognition by name is well 
deserved. Dr. Sclater considered^ the Guiana 1)ird to be the typical 
form; but Linnieus' description, in so far as it is possible to determine, 
was based on the bird from Brazil, being, moreover, so considered by 
Cabanis when he separated the race from Cayenne;^ and consequently 
the latter is the one that should be called EupJwnia vlolacea lichten- 
sfer?i/\ unless, indeed, Lichtenstein's prior name be considered tenable,^ 
in which case it would stand as Euplioti'xi riohicea minor. 
CHLOROPHONIA CHLOROCAPILLA (Shaw). 
P,>n/ vhh,r„mp\Ua Shaw, Gen. Zool., XIII, Ft. 2, 1826, p. 255. 
TnnagravlridhNi'E.WA.m, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. 426. 
CMorophonia viridls Bonaparte, Eev. Zool., 1851, p. 137. 
One specimen, an adult male, of which the colors are very rich, 
particularly the blue of the upper surface, this approaching indigo on 
the back. '' Iris brown." 
Vieillot's specific name tHridf'.s, connnonly employed for this species, 
is preoccupied by Tanagra viridis Miiller,* which has been considered 
a synonym of Calospiza tatm. The proper name for ChloropJionia 
viridis Auct. is therefore as above given. 
Family FRINGILLID.E. 
PYRRHOCOMA RUFICEPS (Strickland). 
Tachyplunms ruficepii Strickland, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1844, \^. 419. 
Pyrrhocoma riificeps Cabanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, p. 138. 
Two specimens, male and female. *'Iris [of both] brown.'' The 
male is of a rather clearer slate color, both above and below, than 
examples from Brazil, and has a somewhat paler throat, though other- 
wise does not differ. 
CORYPHOSPINGUS CUCULLATUS (Miiller). 
Fringilla mndlatft ^MIjller, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 166. 
Fringilla cristata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 926. 
Two specimens, male and female. The latter is darker throughout 
than the three others of the same sex available for comparison. The 
iris of both sexes is given as brown by the collector. 
iCat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI, 1886, p. 74. 
'^ Phonasca lichtensteini Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, p. 331. 
^ Euphonia violacea var. minor Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. , 1823, j). 29. 
•'Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 158. 
N(i.l28i. BIRDS COLLECTED IX PARAdVAY—OBEiaiOLSEIL 145 
This species, the CorypJwsjji mj k.s crt.statii.s of authors, should l)e 
called CoryphoHplngns eucullatux^ as MiiUer's long-neg'lectcd name has 
a imuiber of years priority. 
ARREMON CALLISTUS Oberholser. 
Arremon. caUhtvx (jBERHOLfSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, 1901, p. 188. 
Chavx.. Hp. — Much like ArreiiKm jMjUonotus^ but upper parts darker; 
black jugular band broader; wing without a yellowish olive green 
humeral patch; bend of wing white; size slightl}^ larger. 
Description. — Type, adult male, No. 173425, U.S.N.M. ; Sapucay, 
Paraguay. July 22, 1900; William T, Foster. Pileum black, the occi- 
put centrally' slate color; rest of upper surface slate color; tail slate 
black, narrowly margined with slate; wings blackish slate, the quills 
edged with the coloi- of the back, the exposed portions of secondary 
coverts entirel}^ slate color, with a very slight yellowish olive wash on 
the lesser series, the alula and primary coverts black, the edge of the 
wing- at the wrist white with a faint tinge of yellowish; sides of head 
black, a ])road white stripe leading from above the e3'e on each side to 
the nape; sides of neck slate color; entire under surface white, the 
jugulum with a rather (10 millimeters) wide black band, reaching 
laterally halfway up the sides of the neck; sides of breast slate color; 
sides of body, flanks and lining- of wing slate gra}", the last with also 
some white and some slate color. Mandible and basal half of maxillar 
tomia yellowish orange, remainder of maxilla black; "iris brown." 
Length of wing, 80 mm.; tail. 73 mm.; exposed culmen, 12.5 nmi. ; 
tarsus, 24 mm.; middle toe, 16.5 mm. 
The above-described specimen, which is the only one sent by Mr. 
Foster, differs so much from all of* a large series of Arremon poJio- 
notus with which it has been compared that it seems impossibly identi- 
fiable with that species. The discrepancies are not such as can be 
attributed to sex, age, or even to individual peculiarity; the bird is 
undoubtedly an adult male, and as such has been treated. With species 
other than pol!oiiotiis it needs no comparison. 
EMBERIZOIDES MACROURUS HERBICOLA (Vieillot). 
Siilvia herbicola Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XI, 1817, p. 192. 
Eiaberizoides herbicola Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1888, p. 769. 
One specimen, an adult female. ''Iris light brown." This form is 
apparently well entitled to subspecific recognition, for though but little 
different in size, the almost invariably unstreaked crissum serves 
for its easy recognition. 
EMBERNAGRA PLATENSIS (Gmelin). 
Emberiza plateiisis Gmei,in, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 886. 
Embernagra platensis D'OiiBKiNy, Voyage. Amer. M^rid., Ois., 1835-44, p. 284. 
The single specimen is rather more grayish above and less buff'y 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 10 
146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
below than examples from Buenos Ayres, but this is probably due to 
its fresh plumag-e. "Iris brown/' 
MYOSPIZA MANIMBE ( Lichtenstein) . 
Fringllla manimbi' Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 25. 
One example, an adult male in freshly molted plumage. "Iris 
brown." There seem to be absoluteh'^ no constant characters to sup- 
port the separation of the birds of this region as a subspecies dorsalls.^ 
BRACHYSPIZA CAPENSIS CAPENSIS (Miiller). 
Frliigillac((j/t'iisis MvLi^En, Syst. Nat., Anlumg, 177H, p. 165. 
Brachyspiza caperms Ridgway, Auk, XV, 1898, p. 821. 
One specimen, an adult male. "Iris light brown." 
SYCALIS PELZELNI Sclater. 
Si/calis pclzelni SvhATKR, Ibi^, 1872, p. 42. 
One specimen in fresh plumage. The flanks and sides are ver}^ 
obscurely streaked, and the dull pectoral band is conspicuous. The 
orange yellow of the forehead is much obscured by dusky. "Iris 
brown." 
SPOROPHILA ALBOGULARIS (Spix). 
Lo.rid. alhognhtrix 8pix, Av. (ten. et. Spec. Nov. Bras?., II, 1824, p. 4(), pi. i>x, 
figs. 1,2. 
Sporophila aUxigtdarls CwASii^, Mas. Ileiu., I, 1851, p. 149. 
A single female Spdi'ophjla l)elongs apparently to this species. " Iris 
brown." 
CYANOLOXIA GLAUCOCiERULEA i d'Orbigny). 
Pyrrhula glaucoimilea d'Orbigny, Voy. Anier. ]\leri(l., Ois^., 1835-44, pi. i>, fig. 2. 
Ci/anolo.ria glmicocaerulea Bonaparte, Coiisp. Avium, I, 1850, \k 503. 
Two specimens. "Iris brown." One of these is an inuuature male 
just l)eginning to assume the blue plumage of the adult, in which con- 
dition it is paler below than the adult female. The other example is 
an adult female, but is darker, particularly above, than another of 
the same sex, in this approaching Lhjdnoeoiiipsa sterea, though in other 
respects remaining typical of C. (jJdncocd'i'ulea. 
CYANOCOMPSA STEREA Oberholser. 
Clinnocotiipm Meiwa ()berhol!sek, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wasliiiigtun, XIV, 1901, j). 188. 
Cliai's. sj>. — Similar to Cyanocouqmi eyaned., but bill much smaller; 
the blue of forehead and crown less purplish; the female much deeper, 
less rufescent brown, particularly on the upper surface. 
Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Land Birds, I, 1874, p. 549. 
I 
NO. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUAY— OBERHOLSER. 147 
Descrij?tion. — Type, immature male, No. 173416, U.S.N.M.; Sapu- 
cay, Paraguaj^, July 21, 1900; William T. Foster. Upper parts deep 
umber brown, rather paler on nape and rump, more rufescent on the 
latter; crown and forehead dull blue, the forehead lighter and more 
greeni,sh; wings and tail sepia brown, the wing-coverts and outer mar- 
gins of the wing-quills like the back, some blue like that of the head 
showing on the bend of the wing; sides of the head and neck dull 
deep brown, with some admixture of l)luish, the lores deep Inifl'; entire 
under surface brown, much paler and more rufescent than that of the 
upper parts, lightest on the chin and middle of the abdomen. Wing, 
73 nun.; tail, 67 mm.; exposed culmen, 12mm,; depth of bill at base, 
10.5 mm,; tarsus, 18 mm.; middle toe, 14.5 mm. 
A female taken June 23, 1900, is quite similar to the immature male, 
except for the lack of all bluish trace, and being of a noticeabl}^ more 
rufous hue throughout. Wing, 71 mm.; tail, 65 mm.; expo.sed cul- 
men, 12.5 mm.; depth of bill at base, 10 mm.; tarsus, 21 mm.; middle 
toe, 15 mm. 
The two specimens of this new species have been carefully com- 
pared with a good series of ( 'yanoconipsa cyanea from various i)arts 
of its range, and they are certainly distinct. Unfortunateh^ the male 
is not adult, but enough of blue shows on the head and bend of the 
wing to indicate a color as well as a size difference from Cyanocompsa 
eycnwa. Compared with Cyanocom2)>iCt glaucoccerulea it has a very 
much larger and differently shaped bill, though in other dimensions 
there seems to be no material difference; what there is of blue color 
is darker, decidedlj^ less greenish; the female is also much more deeply 
colored throughout. In fact this new species is in nearly all of its 
characters to some extent intermediate between Cyanocomjjsa cyanea 
and Cyanoloxia glaucocmrulea.