PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Fourth Series 
U4 f j^ I a R .V R 
Vol. XXIII, No. 36, pp. 537-554, pi. 48 
August 18, 1943 
No. 36 
MOLLUSKS OF THE CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 
BY 
ALLYN G. SMITH 
Research Associate in Paleontology 
Previous to the California Academy of Sciences' expedition into 
the Clearwater Mountains of Idaho in the fall of 1941, this area 
had been relatively unknown to the conchologist. It thus affords 
considerable satisfaction to report on the moUuscan fauna, which 
was collected in this region by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, Dr. Robert T. 
Orr, Mr. Cecil Tose and Mr. Anatole Loukashkin. 
The first extensive collection of land and fresh-water mollusks 
in Idaho was made by Henry Hemphill in the 1880's. The results of 
his work showed the extent of the fauna and brought to light a 
number of new species, several of them limited in range and strik- 
ingly different in their characters from species found elsewhere. The 
Academy, fortunately, is in possession of much of the original 
Hemphill material, including several lots of land slugs, which are 
still well-preserved in alcohol. 
The route that Hemphill followed is not positively known. After 
collecting extensively in the vicinity of Great Salt Lake, Utah, he 
crossed the line into Idaho near Franklin, which was one of his 
collecting stations. His next group of collecting localities appears to 
be in the Salmon River Mountains along the banks of the Little 
Salmon and Salmon rivers on the road now designated as U. S. 
Highway 95 between New Meadows and White Bird, in Adams and 
Idaho counties. He did some collecting in the neighborhood of 
Stites, in northern Idaho County, and at Orofino, in Clearwater 
County, these localities being nearest to the Clearwater Mountains 
in northeastern Idaho County that were visited by the Academy's 
expedition. Hemphill also made extensive collections in the terri- 
August 18, 1943. 
538 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
tory around Coeur d'Alene Lake, particularly at "Old Mission," 
Rathdrum, and Post Falls in Kootenai County, and at Kingston in 
Shoshone County. 
In the early 1900's, the Rev. E. H. Ashmun moved from Arizona, 
where he had done much careful collecting, to Weiser, Idaho, where 
he held a pastorate for three or four years until poor health forced 
another move to the San Francisco Bay region. His collection, now 
being held intact by the author for Mrs. Ashmun, contains much 
land snail material from the drainage basin of the Weiser River 
from Weiser north to Meadows and the Payette Lakes, in Adams 
County. 
In 1930, Dr. H. Burrington Baker collected along Hemphill's 
route at least as far as Orofino, covering the Salmon River Moun- 
tains within walking distance of the highway. He discovered several 
striking new species and re-collected several others taken originally 
by Hemphill. 
In 1931, and again in 1941, the author made collecting trips along 
the same general route between Weiser and Lewiston. While the 
shells collected contained no new species, the re-discovery of three 
of Hemphill's species, formerly designated from the "Salmon River 
Mountains" or from the "banks of the Salmon," makes it now pos- 
sible to report them from exact localities. The three species include 
Oreohelix jugalis (Hemphill), 0. inter sum (Hemphill), and Triodopsis 
harfordiana (Cooper). The first of these was found in piles of water- 
worn boulders near the west bank of the Salmon River, one mile 
north of Riggins; the second was collected sparingly in lava rock- 
slides facing east, to the west of the highway but several hundred 
yards away from the bank of the Little Salmon, about 3 miles south 
of Riggins; the third was found in rock-slides of blue limestone on 
the right side of John Day Creek, about 2 miles from its mouth. 
T. harfordiana was not uncommon at this location but, unfor- 
tunately, was not recognized in the field and only a few specimens 
collected. 
Compared with the relative scarcity of native land snails in Cali- 
fornia, the Idaho region, generally, is a veritable collector's para- 
dise, except perhaps in winter when snow conditions make collect- 
ing difficult or impossible, especially in the higher mountains. In 
favorable forested areas Allogona ptychophora and one or more 
races of Triodopsis mullani are common everywhere, more often 
than not being found in considerable numbers crawling about on 
the moist vegetation. At lower elevations, small species, such as 
Vallonia cyclophorella, Helicodiscus salnionensis, Polygyrella poly- 
gyrella, and Columella edentula, are easy to collect in quantity. In 
the Clearwater Mountains the Academy's collectors found this gen- 
erally true except for a relative scarcity of the smaller species and 
the common occurrence of Anguispira nimapuna and the shelled- 
slug Hemphillia camelus. This can be attributed possibly to the 
absence of any limestone outcrops near the Academy's collecting 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OP CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 539 
stations and would also be a reason for the comparative rarity of 
Oreohelix there. As a rule, the presence of limestone formations in 
the Idaho region is an almost certain indication of the existence of a 
rich molluscan fauna, both in numbers of species and individuals. 
In 1910 a very disastrous fire swept through a large area in central 
eastern Idaho, including part of the Crags Mountains. An excellent 
account of this fire may be found in Vol. 48, No. 7, of American 
Forests, for July, 1942. Brush and other vegetation has regrown on 
the lower parts of the burned over area but a new forest growth has 
scarcely started. The collecting party made a trip from Selway 
Falls to the Crags Mountains and careful search was made for small 
land shells and insects at an elevation of 6,000 to 7,000 feet where, 
up to the time of the fire, there had been a magnificent stand of 
timber. No moUusks and very few insects were found. Vegetation 
was limited to grasses and. sedges, some annual flowering plants and 
scattered bushes of various kinds. In ordinary forest fires many 
land snails must escape destruction due to their habits and habitat 
but when one of these extremely hot conflagrations passes over a 
region it seems to wreak total extermination. 
Fortunately the two camps made south of Selway Falls were in 
heavily forested areas which had never been burned so far as could 
be determined, and lumber interests had not done any logging. 
There most of the collection was made, and it may be assumed that 
the mollusks found represent the natural fauna undisturbed by man. 
For an account of the geography, geology, fauna and flora of the 
territory visited by the expedition, the reader is referred to the 
preceding paper, "Mammals of the Clearwater Mountains, Idaho," 
by Dr. Robert T. Orr, of the Academy's Department of Ornithology 
and Mammalogy. 
List of the Species 
The following list is based on the shells collected at four stations, 
ranging in elevation from around 1,900 feet to about 5,800 feet. A 
total of twenty-one species and subspecies were taken, including one 
new to science that is described and figured on subsequent pages. 
For several species the habitat range is extended beyond previously 
known limits. 
GASTROPODA: CAMAENIDAE 
Oreohelix strigosa goniogyra Pilsbry 
Oreohelix strigosa goniogyra Pilsbry, 1939, p. 428, figs. 279:12-16. 
Described originally from shells collected by H. B. Baker on 
lower Race Creek, in Idaho County, at 1700-1800 feet elevation, it 
was with some surprise that this carinated subspecies of strigosa 
was collected by the Academy's expedition at two new localities. 
540 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Specimens were scarce and hard to find in spite of a diligent search. 
Identification is confirmed by comparison with a set of 20 shells 
collected by the author at or near the type locality in June, 1941 
(AGS 7848). 
The expedition's shells agree well with Pilsbry's excellent figures, 
except that there is less of a tendency toward multiple banding. Of 
eight adult or nearly adult specimens collected, six were strongly 
double banded, the other two being plainly colored with brown 
flecks and subobsolete bands. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Cr., 13^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho Co., 
Idaho; elev. 1900 feet. Four adults, seven immature 
specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,500 4:}4 mi. southwest of Selway Falls; elev. 5800 feet. 
Three adults, three immature specimens. 
Shells from Locality 31,500 are somewhat less strongly carinate 
with more deeply impressed sutures. Measurements of adult speci- 
mens are as follows: 
C. A. S. 31,499 Diameter, 23.4 mm. Height, 16.7 mm. 
C. A. S. 31,500 
23.6 
20.4 
21.2 
20.4 
17.1 
15.5 " (Not mature) 
14.4 " 
14.6 " 
14.6 " 
12.2 " 
At Locality 31,500 two smaller shells of beehive shape with a 
small umbilicus were collected, which appear to belong to a different 
race. Both were dead "bones," badly worn, giving no opportunity 
to tell more than that they are double-banded shells measuring: 
Diameter, 15.4 mm.; height, 12.3 mm. 
Diameter, 15.4 mm.; height, 10.8 mm. 
This extension of the range of goniogyra would seem to place this 
subspecies of strigosa above the level of a mere locality variation. 
Polygyrella polygyrella (Bland and Cooper) 
Polygyrella polygyrella, Henderson, 1921, p. 86, fig. 43; — Pilsbry, 1939, p. 558, 
fig. 370. 
Shells of this species were collected as follows: 
C. A. S. 31,496 Lava slide 2 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. 
Eleven adults, eighteen immature specimens. Di- 
ameter, 8.5-9.3 mm.; whorls 6J^-7 J^. 
C. A. S. 31,498 25 mi. east of Kooskia. Fifteen adults, four immature. 
Diameter, 9.9-11.9 mm.; whorls, 1H-^)4- 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OF CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS. IDAHO 541 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Cr., l}4 mi. south of Selway Falls. Sixty-one 
adults, thirty-one immature. Diameter 9. 0-10. 5mm.; 
whorls, 7 M-8J^. 
C. A. S. 31,500 4J^ mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Six adults, seven 
immature. Diameter, 8.7-9.8 mm.; whorls 73^-8. 
In general, shells from Idaho are slightly smaller, darker, and 
have a less prominent parietal tooth than those from the Bitter- 
root Mountains of Montana. Except in size, the Idaho lots col- 
lected by the expedition show no particular variations. 
Family POLYGYRIDAE 
Triodopsis mullani magnidentata Pilsbry 
Triodopsis mullani magnidentata Pilsbry, 1940, p. 862, fig. 499, f, f. 
In a lava slide two miles east of Kooskia, along with two large- 
sized specimens of T. mullani olneyae (Pilsbry), two specimens of 
this small subspecies were taken. One, a dead shell, shows the strong 
tooth characters; the other, which is a younger shell, does not have 
the teeth fully developed. Measurements are: 
Diameter, 9.9 mm.; height, 5.2 mm.; whorls, 5. 
Diameter, 10.0 mm.; height, 5.1 mm.; whorls, 4%. 
This is a considerable extension of range for the subspecies, the 
original lot (the only one known) having been found by H. B. Baker 
near Cul-de-Sac, Nez Perce County, Idaho ("Mission Creek, 7 or 8 
miles above Jaques Spur"). 
Triodopsis mullani olneyae (Pilsbry) 
Triodopsis mullani olneyae, Pilsbry, 1940, p. 864, figs. 499:i-l. 
Shells of the mullani group were taken at four collecting stations 
visited by the expedition. Practically all specimens appear to be 
closest to olneyae, although in the two lots from near Selway Falls 
there is considerable variation, a fact not unusual in the group. The 
following lots were collected: 
C. A. S. 31,496 2 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. Two adults; 
nine immature specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,498 25 mi. east of Kooskia. Four adults. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Creek, IH mi. south of Selway Falls. One 
hundred twenty-three adults; fifty-two immature. 
C. A. S. 31,500 4J4 mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Twenty adults; 
twelve immature. 
542 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Adults from the first two of the above localities average about 
17 mm. in diameter, but in the lots from near Selway Falls the size 
is extremel}^ variable, as may be observed from the following 
measurements : 
C. A. S. 31,500 Diameter, 17.7; height, 10.2 mm. Largest, 
Diameter, 11.9; height, 6.1 mm. Smallest. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Diameter, 15.4; height, 8.0 mm. Most depressed. 
Diameter, 17.3; height, 11.0 mm. Most elevated. 
Among the shells from Selway Falls, depressed specimens are rare. 
Except for the smaller umbilicus, they are close to T. mullani clappi 
(Hemphill) found farther to the south along the Little Salmon River 
near Lucile and Riggins, in Idaho County, although reported also 
from Orofino, in Clearwater County. 
The surface of the shells is variable, ranging from a matte or semi- 
matte to highly polished. Under a magnification of X 14 few of the 
duller shells show hair scars and on an occasional adult specimen a 
few of the hairs themselves can still be seen. These are features not 
found on the polished shells. The matte surface, with its hair scars 
and occasional hairs, is very thin and. apparently is easily worn off 
by the movement of the snail in crawling, thus exposing the polished 
surface underneath. Why some fully adult shells should be polished 
and others not is a question that cannot be answered without greater 
knowledge than we now have of the growth and development of the 
shells, and the effect of ecological conditions, particularly food and 
the amount of acid content in the soil. 
Young shells are sparsely hirsute, but occasionally a young 
polished shell is found that apparently never has had any epidermal 
hairs except possibly in the nuclear stage. In unusually well pre- 
served young specimens the hairs are short and more closely set than 
they are when the shells are closer to the adult stage. Apparently 
these are lost after the shells attain three or four whorls. In most 
half-grown shells the nuclear and two postnuclear whorls are 
polished. Fairly long sparsely-set hairs begin at the end of the third 
whorl (rarely appearing on the second) and persist in most speci- 
mens until the last whorl begins. At the stage of growth from this 
point until after the characteristic rolled lip is formed the hairs begin 
to break off, leaving scars in some shells where the matte surface 
is not entirely worn off. 
The peristome of most of the specimens is strongly reflected and 
rolled back along the edge. The body whorl immediately behind it 
is deeply channeled. A basal lamella is present in all shells, which is 
typical for olneyae, although variable in shape and prominence. In 
some specimens the lamella terminates rather abruptly at its right 
end instead of merging evenly with the inner lip. In a number of 
shells this termination is decorated with a small tooth-like projec- 
tion, as in typical mullani. In only one rather small shell from near 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OF CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 543 
Selway Falls was an outer lip-tooth present. A strong parietal 
tooth, generally short and of a triangular pyramidal shape with a 
rounded top, is present in most specimens. In a few, this tooth is 
reduced to a weak ovate tubercle; in four or five specimens the 
parietal tooth is absent. 
The umbilicus of a large proportion of the shells is small and 
open, but in many of the Selway Falls specimens this is partially 
covered by the basal reflection of the lip. None is imperforate. 
The elevated form from the lots found near Selway Falls is almost 
a distinct race, separable from olneyae, in addition to the greater 
elevation of the spire, by the tumid body whorl, smaller half-covered 
umbilicus, subquadrate rather than semi-lunate aperture, narrower 
peristome, and more polished shell surface. In the lot from Meadow 
Creek, twenty-one out of one hundred twenty-three adults are of 
this elevated form; in the other lot from near Selway Falls about 
half are this form. Three adults and one immature specimen are 
milk-white albinos. Immature shells are sparsely hirsute and can- 
not be separated with assurance from the other form. The parietal 
tooth is usually weaker, and in four shells it is absent. In size, the 
major diameter ranges from 14.5 to 16.4 mm.; the height from 8.7 
to 10.4 mm.; and the number of whorls from 5>^ to 5^. An average 
shell measures: diameter, 15.6 mm.; height, 10.1 mm. As inter- 
grades with the other form of olneyae exist in both lots, the above 
account, rather than a formal description, will serve to call attention 
to this relatively minor variation in a general group of snails in 
which such "little races" appear to be the rule rather than the 
exception. 
AUogona ptychophora (A. D. Brown) 
Polygyra ptychophora, Henderson, 1929, p. 84, fig. 41. 
AUogona ptychophora, Pilsbry, 1940, pp. 887-891, figs. 509 g-n, 510, drawings 5, 6. 
AUogona ptychophora form castanea, Pilsbry, 1940, pp. 890-891, fig. 509 g, h. 
Snails of this common Idaho species were abundant. In the main, 
they were found crawling on the ground and over mossy rocks. The 
shells are rather thin-textured and medium-sized for the species, 
ranging from 17.5 to 22.2 mm. in diameter, and from 11.9 to 14.7 
mm. in height. Transverse sculpture consists of many closely- 
spaced, low, sinuous ribs extending across the body whorl, with a 
spiral sculpture of fine, subobsolete striations. Traces of malleations 
occur on some specimens. On about one-third of them there is a 
trace of a basal tooth. The following lots were collected: 
C. A. S. 31,496 In a lava slide, 2 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. 
Three adults and several immature specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,497 8}/2 mi- east of Kooskia, on a road to Selway Falls. 
Twenty-nine adults, three immature. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Cr., l}4 mi. south of Selway Falls. Forty- 
five adults, fifteen immature. 
544 CALIFORNTA ACADEMY np SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
All specimens of the medium-sized, thin-textured ptychophora 
collected by the expedition appear to belong to the race described 
as Helix ptychophorus var castaneus by Hemphill in 1890 and sub- 
sequently considered as a "form" by Pilsbry. In the Academy's 
Type Collection are six syntypes of the form castanea (Hemp- 
hill) from Rathdrum, Idaho (CAS 8136 H. H., nos. 1221-1226, 
incl.) and six additional syntypes from Old Mission, Idaho (CAS 
8134 H. H., nos. 1227-1232, inch). Also in the collection are six 
other lots comprising thirty-three shells from Spokane Falls, Wash- 
ington; Weiser Canyon, Idaho; and from the banks of the Salmon 
River, Idaho. Comparison of expedition shells with these and with 
many lots collected by the late Rev. E. H. Ashmun and by the 
author, principally along the Weiser, Little Salmon, and Salmon 
rivers, brings to light no marked or constant differences. Small, 
heavily textured and generally light-colored shells collected with 
Oreohelix idohoensis (Newc.) one mile south of Lucile, Idaho, along 
a highly mineralized creek are the only exceptions observed al- 
though the conditions of their habitat are probably sufficient to 
result in this particular variation. 
The name castanea is somewhat misleading. Many light-colored 
shells occur in freshly collected lots, although there is a larger ratio 
of dark-colored shells in the lots taken by the expedition. Hemp- 
hill's original lots from Rathdrum and Old Mission are now all 
generally light in color but may have been considerably darker when 
collected. One suspects that these shells may have faded consider- 
ably in the course of years. The name castanea might well be dropped 
as it does not appear to represent a race of ptychophora that can be 
easily separated from typical specimens, more particularly from the 
neotype collected near Ward, Montana (Pilsbry, 1940, p. 889, 
fig. 509, i. j.). A. p. solida (Vanatta) has definite and apparently 
constant characters that set it apart from the typical form. Although 
it is possible that the smooth form collected by H. B. Baker near 
Stites, Idaho (Pilsbry, 1940, p. 891, fig. 509, m, n.), might be- a 
valid subspecies, more collecting in this vicinity would seem de- 
sirable to determine its range and limit of variation before such a 
step is taken. 
As Pilsbry has given a full account of the anatomy of ptychophora, 
none of the animals collected was dissected. To his account may be 
added the existence of a considerable variation in the color of the 
mantle of the animal. There are three well marked color groupings: 
first, animals with a uniformly blue-black mantle; second, those 
with a whitish mantle strongly marked with irregular black spots or 
maculations; and third, those with a uniformly light cream-colored 
mantle marked with faint brownish areas. There is no evident con- 
nection between the mantle color of the animal and the hue of the 
shell, darkest colored shells more often having light or black-spotted 
animals than those of the blue-black color. In a series of thirty- 
two shells collected in June, 1941, at the south entrance of the 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OF CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 545 
Wciser National Forest (AGS 7838), nine animals had the dark 
mantle, thirteen had a speckled mantle, and ten had the light- 
colored mantle. Corresponding shells in each group varied from 
light to dark. 
The wide range of variation in A. ptychophora is interesting and 
the relative abundance of specimens within its territory ought to 
present no great difficulties in working it out completely. There 
still remain large uncollected areas, however, to cover. 
Allogona lombardii A. G. Smith, new species 
Plate 48, figs. 1 to 4 
The shell is large and heavy, approximately the size and texture 
of medium-sized A. townsendiana (Lea), moderately elevated, with 
from 5^ to 63^ whorls, the last one tumid. Nuclear whorls one 
and one-half to two, glossy, smooth except for fine transverse ribbing 
in the vicinity of the suture. Umbilicus small, contained from ten 
to thirteen times in the major diameter of the shell. Sutures well 
impressed. Aperture semi-lunate, the peristome heavy, white, 
strongly reflected, the edge slightly rolled back. Some shells have a 
subobsolete basal tooth or short basal lamella near the columellar 
end of the peristome. Sculpture consisting of transverse sinuous 
ribs, most prominent on the body whorl, closely though variably 
spaced, and generally extending continuously across the whorls. 
Closely set, wavy, spiral striations, generally present above and 
below, are strongest near the summits of the whorls, although on 
many shells these striations are subobsolete. Malleations absent. 
Color ranging from a dark bistre-brown to a light buff-brown, shells 
of darker color predominating. Ridges of the transverse sculpture 
in the darker specimens are light buff, serving to set them off in a 
most striking manner from the darker ground-color of the shell. 
Surface of fresh shells shining but not highly polished. 
Holotype: C. A. S. Paleo, Type Collection, No. 7893, Major 
diameter, 27.0 mm.; height, 19.0 mm.; whorls, 5^. 
Type Locality: C. A. S. Locality 31,499, along Meadow Creek, 
1/^ m. south of Selway Falls, Idaho Co., Idaho, elevation 1900 feet. 
In addition to the holotype, seventy-three adult and seven immature 
specimens were collected. 
Paratypes: Specimens from the type locality so designated have 
been deposited in the Academy's Paleo. Type Collection (Nos. 7894 
to 7898, inch); in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia, the U. S. National Museum, Stanford University, 
the Los Angeles Museum, the San Diego Society of Natural History; 
and the private collections of Mr. and Mrs. Emery P. Chace, S. S. 
Berry, and A. G. Smith. 
546 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Proc. 4th Ser. 
Other Localities: C. A. S. Locality 31,500, 4^ mi. southwest of 
Selway Falls, Idaho Co., Idaho, at an altitude of 5,800 feet, a total 
of eleven adult and three immature specimens. 
Remarks: At both localities where this remarkable snail was col- 
lected it was found along with the race of A. ptychophora just 
discussed. No intergrades between the two were taken, and because 
the shells of the large, robust, heavily-ribbed form present so differ- 
ent an aspect, it is given status as a separate species. 
Compared with A. townsendiana (Lea), a snail found only in 
humid coastal region west of the Cascade Mountains, it is about 
equal in heavy shell texture and nearly equal in size. Also, it is 
more elevated, has a smaller umbilicus, more prominent transverse 
sculpture, and differs further in the complete lack of malleations. 
The shells of lomhardii tend toward a relatively elevated spire, 
only five out of a total of twenty on which specific notes were made 
having the spire depressed. In this same group of twenty, the basal 
tooth is subobsolete in nine shells, in two the tooth is quite strong, 
while in the remaining eleven shells there is hardly a suggestion of 
a tooth or none at all. 
In older shells the epidermis, which is thin, becomes worn off. 
In senile specimens often there is hardly any of it left. Two or 
three extremely light yellowish specimens, possibly xanthic, were 
taken, one being the largest shell in the following table of measure- 
ments, which demonstrates the range in size of the species: 
Spacing of the transverse ribbing is quite variable, being as small 
as 0.5 mm. in some shells to LO mm. in others, while occasional 
spacing of as much as L6 mm. occurs. On individual specimens a 
considerable difference in rib spacing exists. All ribs are not con- 
tinuous across the body whorl and in some shells occasional ribs 
begin well below the suture and even at the periphery. Some ribs 
are broken and in others a tendency towards branching may be 
noted, although these are minor sculptural features. 
Very young shells of lomhardii cannot be separated for sure from 
the young of ptychophora. This can be done, however, when the 
snails are about one-quarter grown, when the heavier texture and 
the more prominent ribbing of the former begin to develop. 
By all odds, Allogona lomhardii is the most heavily ribbed of any 
of the large number of lots of the western Allogonas examined. 
Approaching it in type of sculpture, but not in size, is a lot of six 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OF CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 547 
shells from Boswell, Kootenay Lake, British Columbia (C. A. S. 
27,064), which probably should take the same name. 
It is a pleasure to name this new and striking addition to our 
West Coast mollusk fauna in honor of Mr. M. E. Lombardi, whose 
interest and very material help made possible the Academy's recent 
expedition into a little-known region in the mountains of Idaho. 
SAGDIDAE 
Microphysula ingersollii (Bland) 
Micro physula ingersollii, Henderson, 1929, p. 90, fig. 46; — Pilsbry, 1940, p. 991, 
figs. 579, A, B, C. 
Shells of this species were picked from leaf mold as follows: 
C. A. S. 31,496 Lava slide, 2 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. 
Two adult specimens. ,''rCl"r»~l 
C. A. S. 31,500 Meadow Creek, Ij^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idah<5.\^^^^^ — 1, 
One immature specimen. '^^^ '^^ ^ 
iuj ins J^A 
COCHLICOPIDAE X^/ ^ ,,^, 
Cochlicopa lubrica (Miiller) \^ 
9 
Cochlicopa lubrica, Henderson, 1929, p. 94, fig. 55. 
About thirty immature specimens were found in the leaf-mold 
along Meadow Creek, 1^ miles south of Selway Falls (C. A. S. 
31,499). Careful search of the ground-cover failed to produce adult 
shells. As this species is not uncommon in the Idaho region it is 
difficult to account for its apparent scarcity at the expedition's 
collecting stations, unless it be a lack of lime in the soil. 
ZONITIDAE 
Zonotoides arboreus (Say) 
Zonotoides arboreus, Baker, H. B., 1928, p. 39, pi. 8, figs. 6-9 (for anatomy); — 
Henderson, 1929, p. 102, fig. 65 (for synonymy). 
C. A. S. 31,496 Lava slide, 2 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. 
One adult, one immature specimen. 
C. A. S. 31,498 25 mi. east of Kooskia. Two adult specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Creek, 1 J^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Five adult specimens. 
548 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [PROC. 4th Ser. 
ARIONIDAE 
Hemphillia camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta 
Hemphillia camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1898, pp. 234, 235; pi. 9, figs. 3, 4; 
pi. 12, figs. 41, 42; pi. 16, fig. 85. 
This was the commonest slug collected by the members of the 
expedition and a large series from young to fully adult specimens 
was taken. The species was found more abundantly on Meadow 
Creek, around 1,900 feet elevation, than higher in the mountains. 
Hemphill has reported on the curious propensity of this slug to whip 
its tail violently from side to side when disturbed, which Dr. Hanna 
also stated was true from his experience while collecting it in Idaho. 
This brings to mind a remark, made to the author many years ago 
by P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, that Hemphillia could actually jump 
a short distance by a quick flexure of its tail. 
According to Dr. Hanna, Hemphillia was collected frequently in 
the vicinity of traps set for the capture of small mammals, some- 
times being found crawling on a mouse or shrew that had been 
caught. Camp refuse placed to attract slugs generally failed to draw 
them but the species did appear to show a fondness for orange peel. 
Until positive identification is established by dissection of the 
animals, all specimens of Hemphillia collected by the expedition are 
referred to camelus rather than to glandulosa, its congener that has 
so far apparently been found only west of the Cascade Mountains. 
The following lots have been placed in the Academy's collection: 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Creek, IJ^ miles south of Selway Falls, 
Idaho Co., Idaho. Between thirty and forty speci- 
mens of all ages, sealed in alcohol in two test-tubes. 
C. A. S. 31,500 43^ miles southwest of Selway Falls. Two adult and 
one half-grown specimens also preserved in alcohol. 
In addition to the above lots, the Academy has the following lots 
Hemphillia in its alcoholic collection: 
C. A. S. 11,653 H. glandulosa Binney and Bland. Syntypes Nos. 2239 
to 2254, inclusive. A series of seventeen small indi- 
viduals from Astoria, Oregon, the label marked 
"original lot" and "Types" in Hemphill's hand- 
writing. 
C. A. S. 11,652 H. glandulosa Binney and Bland. Kalama, Wash. 
One very large specimen collected by Henry 
Hemphill. 
C. A. S. 28,093 H. glandulosa Binney and Bland, Olympia, Wash. 
Eighteen specimens (including only three full-grown 
or nearly so) collected by Henry Hemphill. 
C. A. S. 11,654 H. camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta. Near Old Mission, 
Idaho. Six topotypes, probably from the original 
lot, collected by Henry Hemphill. 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OF CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 549 
C. A. S. 31,788 H. camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta. Old Mission, Idaho, 
or Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. About fifteen specimens 
collected by Hemphill. 
C. A. S. 31,748 H. camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta. Near Stites, Idaho. 
Seven full-grown specimens collected by Hemphill. 
C. A. S. 28,077 H. camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta. Slate Creek, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Twelve adult specimens collected by 
Hemphill. 
C. A. S. 31,743 H. camelus Pilsbry and Vanatta. Slate Creek, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Four adult specimens collected by 
Hemphill. 
These lots are still in a fair to good state of preservation, in spite 
of having been collected in 1889 or earlier. 
Prophysaon andersoni (J. G. Cooper) 
Prophysaon andersoni, Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1898, pp. 245-248; pi. 10, figs. 18-22; 
pi. 11, figs. 28, 29; pi. 13, figs. 59-62; pi. 16, figs. 92, 93. 
Slugs of the genus Prophysaon, which are provisionally assigned 
to this species, were collected at two localities. They did not appear 
to be at all common. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Creek, IJ^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Four medium-sized individuals pre- 
served in alcohol. 
C. A. S. 31,500 43^ mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Four specimens 
preserved in alcohol. 
Confirmation of the identification of these slugs must await dis- 
section of the animals. In the Academy's alcoholic collection is a 
lot of three that appear to be this same species. They were collected 
by Henry Hemphill near Stites, Idaho (C. A. S. 31,747). 
Zacoleus idahoensis Pilsbry 
Zacoleus idahoensis Pilsbry, 1903, pp. 626-629, pi. 28, figs. 1-11. 
This little-known small black slug was described from specimens 
sent to Dr. Pilsbry by the Rev. E. H. Ashmun, who collected it, 
apparently in quantity, at Meadows, Washington Co. (now Adams 
Co.), Idaho. Although confirmation must depend upon dissection, 
specimens of what are almost certainly this species were collected 
by the members of the Academy's expedition as follows: 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Creek, IJ^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Three specimens preserved in alcohol. 
C. A. S. 31,500 43^ mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Three specimens 
preserved in alcohol. 
550 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
The Academ3'*s alcoholic collection contains the following addi- 
tional lots that are provisionally referred to this species : 
C. A. S. 31,544 Meadows, Adams Co., Idaho. About twenty-five 
specimens, probably topotypes from the original 
lot, collected around 1900 by E. H. Ashmun. 
C. A. S. 31,511 Meadows, Adams Co., Idaho. Another lot of thirty 
to forty topotypes, possibly from the original lot 
collected by Ashmun. 
C. A. S. 31,546 Weiser, Idaho. Two specimens collected by Ashmun. 
C. A. S. 31,549 2 mi. south of Tamarack, Adams Co., Idaho. One 
specimen collected by A. G. Smith, June 3, 1941. 
ENDODONTIDAE 
Anguispira kochi (Pfeiffer) 
Anguispira kochi occidentalis Martens, Henderson, 1929, p. 112, fig. 77. 
Anguispira kochi kochi, MacMillan, 1940, p. 394, pi. 40, figs. 2, 3. 
Common around Selway Falls, being taken crawling on mossy 
rocks and vegetation along with Allogona ptychophora, A. lombardii, 
Triodopsis mullani olneyae, and Anguispira nimapuna. 
C. A. S, 31,499 Meadow Creek, \}4 mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Twenty-nine adults, forty-four imma- 
ture specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,500 ^1^2 mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Seven adults, four 
immature specimens. 
From the first-listed locality fully-grown shells were fairly large 
and show considerable variation in the height of the spire. Sample 
measurements are: 
Diameter, 25.2; height, 18.2 mm. (moderately elevated) 
Diameter, 23.9; height, 19.0 mm. (elevated) 
Diameter, 26.3; height, 17.6 mm. (depressed) 
Shells from Locality 31,500 are smaller, probably due to the less 
favorable conditions found at the higher altitude. The largest shell 
in this lot has a diameter of 18.9 mm., and a height of 13.5 mm. 
MacMillan states that the range of kochi extends "west to Cali- 
fornia and north to Southwestern British Columbia," This should 
be clarified, for specimens are not known to have been collected in 
California, or west of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific North- 
west. It has not been reported from Nevada or Arizona. It is com- 
mon in suitably forested areas in Idaho, eastern Oregon, and eastern 
Washington at least as far west as Spokane. 
Vol. XXIII) SMITH— MOLLUSKS OF CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 551 
Anguispira nimapuna H. B. Baker 
Anguispira nimapuna B.\ker, 1932, p. 82, pi. 5, figs. 4-6; — MacMillan, 1940, 
p. 391, pi. 38, figs. 7, 8. 
A large series was collected by the expedition near Selway Falls, 
where it was common crawling over mossy rocks in the moist 
weather. Identification is made certain by comparison with para- 
types furnished the Academy by Dr. Pilsbry. 
C. A. S. 31,498 25 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. One full- 
grown large (but dead) adult specimen. 
C. A. S. 31,499 1 J^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho Co., Idaho, along 
Meadow Creek. One hundred sixty adults, one 
hundred thirteen immature specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,500 43/^ mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Six adults, ten 
immature specimens. 
Measurements of three shells from C. A. S. 31,499 give the ex- 
tremes in size and shape: 
Before these shells were collected by the expedition, A. nimapuna 
was known only from the type locality near Stites, in northwestern 
Idaho County, Idaho. 
Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb) 
Discus cronkhitei cronkhitei, Henderson, 1929, p. 113, fig. 78; — MacMillan, 1940, 
p. 405, pi. 39, figs. 15, 16. 
A single specimen, found 4^^ miles south of Selway Falls, Idaho 
County, Idaho, is not different from those found commonly in the 
mountains of northern California and at several Oregon localities, 
with which it was compared. 
Helicodiscus salmonensis Hemphill 
Helicodiscus salmonensis, Pilsbry and Ferriss, 1906, p. 157; — Henderson, 1929, 
p. 114, fig. 80;— Hanna, 1939, p. 301, pi. C, figs. 11-13. 
A single specimen was taken in a lava slide, 2 miles east of Kooskia, 
Idaho County, Idaho (CAS 31,496). 
552 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Punctum randolphii (Dall) 
Pyramidula ? randolphii Dall, 1895, p. 130. 
Punctum randolphi, Henderson, 1929, p. 117, fig. 84. 
But one specimen of this minute species was collected in leaf mold 
43^ miles southwest of Selway Falls, Idaho County, Idaho. Com- 
parison was made with a topotype collected by P. B. Randolph at 
Seattle (AGS 7087). 
Radiodiscus abietum H. B. Baker 
Radiodiscus abietum Baker, H. B., 1930, p. 124, pi. 6. 
This little-known species is limited to Idaho, so far as is known. 
The expedition collected it at three localities: 
C. A. S. 31,496 Lava slide, 2 mi. east of Kooskia, Idaho Co., Idaho. 
Three adult specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,499 Meadow Creek, 1}^ mi. south of Selway Falls, Idaho 
Co., Idaho. Six adults, six immature specimens. 
C. A. S. 31,500 4}4 mi. southwest of Selway Falls. Three adult 
specimens. 
Comparison of shells from the above lots were made with a series 
collected by H. B. Baker collected on John Day Creek in Idaho 
County, and placed in the Academy's collection for this purpose 
through the courtes}^ of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia. 
PELECYPODA: MARGARITIFERIDAE 
Margaritifera margaritifera falcata (Gould) 
Margaritifera margaritifera falcata, Henderson, 1929, p. 53, fig. 1. 
One specimen was collected from Meadow Creek, 1^ miles south 
of Selway Falls, Idaho County, Idaho (CAS 31,499). 
SPHAERIIDAE 
Pisidium (species?) 
Pisidium (various species), Henderson, 1929. pp. 66-71, figs. 19-27. 
Twenty specimens of a small representative of this genus were 
collected in Meadow Creek, \}4 mi. south of Selway Falls (CAS 
31,499). 
Vol. XXIII] SMITH— MOLLUSKS OP CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO 553 
LITERATURE CITED 
Baker, H. B. 
1928. Minute American Zonitidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 80:1-44, 
pis. 1-8. 
1930. New and Problematic West American Land Snails. Nautilus, 43:121-128, 
pis. 5, 6 (in January, 1930 issue). 
1932. New Land Snails from Idaho and Eastern Oregon. Nautilus, 45:82-87, 
pi. 5. 
Ball, Wm. H. 
1895. New Species of Land Shells from Puget Sound. Nautilus, 8:129, 130. 
Binney, W. G. 
1883. A Supplement to the Fifth Volume of the Terrestrial Air-Breathing 
Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories. Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., 11:135-166, pis. 1-4. 
1885. A Manual of American Land Shells. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 28, 
528 pp., 516 text figs. 
1886. Second Supplement to the Fifth Volume (etc.). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 
Harvard Coll., 13:23-48, pis. 1-3. 
1890. Third Supplement. Ibid., 19:183-226, pis. 1-11. 
1892. Fourth Supplement. Ibid., 22:163-204, pis. 1-4. 
Hanna, G.D. 
1939. Exotic Mollusks in California. Bull. Dept. Agric. (Calif.), 28:298-321, 
pis. A-D. 
Henderson, J. 
1921. Non-Marine MoUusca of Oregon and Washington. Univ. Colorado 
Studies, 17:47-190 pp., figs. 1-186. 
MacMillan, G. K. 
1940. A Monographic Study of the Snails of the Genera Anguispira and Discus 
of North America, exclusive of Mexico. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 27:371- 
426, pis. 38-42. 
Pilsbry, H. A. 
1903. A New American Genus of Arionidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 
55:626-629, pi. 28, figs. 1-11. 
1939. Land MoUusca of North America (North of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, Monograph 3, 1, part 1:1-574, figs. 1-377. 
1940. Ibid., part 2:575-994, figs. 378-580. 
Pilsbry, H. A. and Ferriss, J. H. 
1906. MoUusca of the Southwestern United States — 2. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, 56:123-175, pis. 5-9. 
Pilsbry, H. A. and Vanatta, E. G. 
1898. A Revision of the North American slugs: Btnneya, Hemphillia, Hes- 
perarion, Prophysaon and Anadenulus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 
delphia, 50:219-261, pis. 9-16. 
554 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Plate 48 
Fig. 1. — AUogona lombardii A. G. Smith, new species, Holotype No. 7893, (Calif. 
Acad. Sci. Paleo. Type Coll.), from Loc. 31499 (C.A.S.), along Meadow Creek, IJ^ 
miles south of Selway Falls, Idaho County, Idaho, elevation 1900 feet. Major 
diameter, 27.0 mm.; height, 19.0 mm.; whorls, 5^. Apertural view. 
Fig. 2. — AUogona lombardii A. G. Smith, new species. Basal view of specimen 
shown in Fig. 1. 
Fig. 3. — AUogona lombardii A. G. Smith, new species. Apical view of specimen 
shown in Fig. 1. 
Fig. 4. — Moist forest undergrowth and litter in which AUogona lombardii oc- 
curred, 3 miles southwest of Selway Falls, 5500 feet elevation, Idaho County, 
Idaho. Photograph taken September 19, 1941.