PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEN( Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 95-136, 22 figs., 4 tables. THE HARVESTMEN FAMILY PHALANGODIDAE. 1. THE NEW GENUS CALICINA, WITH NOTES ON SITALCINA (OPILIONES: LANIATORES) By Darrell Ubick Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4599 and Thomas S. Briggs Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4599 Abstract: The Californian phalangodid genus Sitalcina Banks is shown to be polyphyletic, and is restricted to include only those species closely related to the type species Sitalces californica Banks. A new genus, Calicina, described to accommodate most of the remaining species, is defined by the presence of a tarsal spur on the male palpus, penis glans with apically directed stylus, ovipositor with double row of apical setae, and ovipositor cuticle with microspines. At least the first of these characters is a synapomorphy. Of the 25 species of Calicina recognized, 18 are transferred from Sitalcina: breva Briggs (elevated from subspecies), cloughensis Briggs and Hom, digita Briggs and Hom, ensata Briggs, kaweahensis Briggs and Horn, keenea Briggs, macula Briggs, mariposa Briggs, minor Briggs and Hom, morroensis Briggs, palapraeputia Briggs, piedra Briggs, polina Briggs, sequoia Briggs and Hom, serpentinea Briggs and Hom, sierra Briggs and Hom, topanga Briggs, and yosemitensis Briggs. The remaining species are new: arida, basalta, conifera, diminua, dimorphica, galena, and mesaensis. Based on genitalic characters, primarily glans structure, four species groups and nine subgroups are rec-ognized. Their relationships are hypothesized using cladistic analysis and vicariance biogeography. The distribution of Calicina is strongly concordant with that of the slender salamander, Batrachoseps, and with the presumed distributions of exotic terranes. Interspecific variation in the somatic morphology of Calicina appears to be the result of paedomorphosis and troglobism. These modifications, present in most species, are probably adaptations to xeric environments and, possibly, competition with other phalangodids. Received October 7, 1987. Accepted May 11, 1988 Table of Contents Phylogeny 121 Biogeography 125 Abstract 95 Natural History 130 Introduction 96 Ecology 131 Materials and Methods 96 Acknowledgments 135 Taxonomy 98 Literature Cited 135 195]
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