PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FOURTH SERIES Vol. XXXVII, No. 15, pp. 473-488; 2 figs.; 1 table. October 13, 1970 BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE BY GIANT WAVES NEAR POINT JOE, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA By W. I. Follett California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118 INTRODUCTION In the vicinity of Point Joe, Monterey County, California, on the morning of February 9, 1960, giant waves driven by winds of gale force cast ashore a number of fishes that normally inhabit one or more zones of the benthic environment. The powerful winds, which for three days battered the California coast from Humboldt County to San Luis Obispo County, generated waves up to 40 feet in height,^ causing extensive damage along the shoreline of the Monterey Peninsula. More than 50 boulders were cast onto or across the Seventeen Mile Drive near Point Joe (these were shown in photographs published on the front page of the Monterey Peninsula Herald, February 9, 1960). An automobile being driven along the Seventeen Mile Drive near Point Joe was picked up by a wave and moved about 150 feet. The Seventeen Mile Drive was partly torn out north of Cypress Point. A huge wave entered a third-story window of a waterfront hotel at Cannery Row, Monterey. A 300-foot pier and its boathouse were destroyed at Stillwater Cove. Suspecting that fishes might have been cast ashore by these enormous waves. Miss E. Eugenia Patten and Miss Priscilla J. Ferguson, of Carmel, California, immediately began to search the region south of Point Joe, and continued their search of that area from February 9 to February 24, 1960. By their assiduous ^ No tsunami is known to have occurred in the eastern Pacific during February 1960. See Talley and Cloud (1960, p. 36). [473] 1970 ^^''Oie MASS. OCT 30 474 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. Figure 1. Offshore view of area where benthic fishes were cast ashore, showing logs that giant waves deposited over the channel of the intermittent stream. Photograph by E. Eugenia Patten, February 1960. efforts, they collected 36 fishes cast ashore by this storm, all but one of which rep- resent species that have been recorded from the outer sublittoral zone (depths from about 50 to 200 meters; see Zonation, p. 482). The relatively flat unforested area where these fishes were cast ashore is approximately 0.9 mile (by road) southward from Point Joe. It extends for some 90 yards in a northerly and southerly direction between the shoreline and the Seventeen Mile Drive, and varies in width from 20 to 25 yards. This area slopes gently toward the ocean, terminating at the top of an irregular bluff about 10 feet above normal high water. The narrow channel of a short intermittent stream which enters the Pacific Ocean at 36°35'47" N., 121°57'37" W. (see Monterey Sheet 1657 III SW, Army Map Service Series V895), crosses the area from east to west. (From the stream, the area extends some 75 yards northward and 15 yards southward.) An offshore view of this area (fig. 1) shows several logs that the giant waves deposited over the channel of the intermittent stream; an inshore view (fig. 2) shows a number of boulders that the waves cast ashore and lodged in two branches of the stream. The locality where these fishes were cast ashore is about four miles (by road) from Stillwater Cove, where thousands of blue lanternfish, Taiictonbcania crenu- laris (Jordan and Gilbert), were found dead on October 17, 1952, along some 200 yards of beach, at the high-tide level. The mass stranding of that bathypela- gic species may have been caused by attacking predators, since it occurred during Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT : BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE 475 Figure 2. Inshore view of area where benthic fishes were cast ashore, showing boulders that giant waves lodged in two branches of the intermittent stream. Photograph by E. Eugenia Patten, February 1960. clear weather, with only a sli,a;ht wind and less than one-foot surf action (Aughtry, 1953, p. 190). FISHES REPRESENTED The collection comprises 36 fishes, representing seven species, five genera, and five families: Family Embiotocidae — Surfperches Micrometrus aurora (Jordan and Gilbert) — reef perch Family Scorpaenidae — Scorpionfishes Sebastes jlavidus (Ayres) — yellowtail rockfish Sebastes rosaccus Girard — rosy rockfish Sebastes helvomaculatus Ayres — rosethorn rockfish Family Gobiidae — Gobies Coryphopterus nicholsii (Bean) — blackeye goby Family Brotulidae — Brotulas Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres) — red brotula Family Ophidiidae — Cusk-eels Chilara taylori (Girard) — spotted cusk-eel 476 CALIFORMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IProc. 4th Ser. DISCUSSION The meristic data were taken from radiographs, and are expressed as by Hubbs and Lagler (1958). The abbreviation "CAS" precedes a catalog number of the Department of Ichthyology of the California Academy of Sciences. Family Embiotocidae — Surf perches Micrometrus aurora (Jordan and Gilbert). The reef perch (see Tarp, 1952, fig. 31), was originally described from 15 examples "taken in the bay of Monterey, and purchased by us in the San Fran- cisco market" (Jordan and Gilbert. 1880. p. 299, as Abeona aurora). Micrometrus aurora ranges from Tomales Bay, Marin County, California (Tarp, 1952, p. 86), to the first point south of the mouth of Rio San Telmo, Baja California (CAS 27142). The specimens from the vicinity of Rio San Telmo represent an extension of the recorded range from the southernmost locality noted by Tarp ( 1952, p. 86: 1^/4 miles south of the mouth of Rio San Isidro). This species has been recorded from Point Finos (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881, p. 51), which is about 2 V- miles generally northward from Point Joe. According to Hubbs ( 1921a, p. 183, as Amphigonoptcrus aurora), this species is restricted to the reefs, and commonly lives and breeds in the pools and channels of medium tidal height, particularly those that are largely open, free of eelgrass and algae, and floored with sand. Its habitat differs widely from that usual for the other species of this family, most of which live in the surf along sandy beaches, or in sheltered bays. The reef perch attains a standard length of 141 mm. (Hubbs, 1921a, p. 201). Material. One specimen (small adult), standard length 74 mm., CAS 26760. The characters and meristic data are in accord with those noted by Tarp (1952, p. 84). Family Scorpaenidae — Scorpion fishes I concur with Matsubara (1943, p. 178) in regarding Sebastodes Gill (1861, p. 165) as a subgenus of SeZ>fl5/e5 Cuvier (1829, p. 166). The vernacular "rockcod" for the species of this genus was criticized more than a century ago by Ayres (1854-1855, p. 94): "They are taken in rocky localities along the coast and in the Bay of San Francisco, and the title Rock Fish applies to them very well. One more inappropriate, on the contrary, than that of Rock Cod, could scarcely have been selected, inasmuch as they are very widely removed from the family in which the Codfishes are classed." Neverthe- less "rockcod" still persists among sportsmen and commerical fishermen. Be- cause of the extent of this popular usage, "rockcod" may eventually be recognized as the "official" vernacular despite its impropriety — as was the vernacular "ling- cod" for Ophiodon clongatus Girard, also widely removed from the cods. Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT: BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE All Sebastes flavidus (Ayres). The yellowtail rockfish (see Phillips, 1957, fig. 17) was originally described from the San Francisco market (Ayres, 1863, p. 209, fig. 64). Sebastes flavidus ranges from the vicinity of Forrester Island, Alaska (West- rheim, 1966, p. 1469), to San Diego, California (Phillips, 1964, p. 28). The yellowtail rockfish occurs over reefs, especially in depths greater than 15 m. (50 feet), and also over deep sand and mud bottoms to depths of 183 m. (100 fathoms), but it is usually found at depths between 24 m. and 46 m. (be- tween 13 and 25 fathoms), according to Odemar, Wild, and Wilson (1968, p. 126). The young do not normally inhabit the tide-pools (Hubbs and Schultz, 1933, pp. 20, 21). I collected a young specimen (standard length 62 mm., CAS 25897) from the Monterey municipal wharf in 4.9 m. Specimens have been re- corded from Cordell Bank, Marin County, California, in 51 m. to 72 m. (Follett, 1952, p. 415; "28 to 40 fathoms"); from Baynes Sound, British Columbia, in 55 m. to 72 m. (Clemens and Wilby, 1961, p. 254; "30 to 40 fathoms"); from the southern edge of Astoria Canyon, Oregon, in 110 m. to 133 m. (Pereyra, Pearcy, and Carvey, 1969, p. 2211; "60-73 fath"). It has been taken in depths of 187 m. to 194 m. (Westrheim, 1966, p. 1469) and 366 m. or more (Alverson, Pruter, and Ronholt, 1964, fig. 43; "200-299 fathoms"). The yellowtail rockfish attains a length of 66 cm. (Phillips, 1957, p. 56; Clemens and Wilby, 1961, p. 253; Miller and Gotshall, 1965, p. 117; "26 inches"), as determined from Canadian specimens (see Phillips, 1968, Appendix A-5). The maximum length recorded from California is about 58 cm. (Phillips, 1964, pp. 19, 28; "23 inches"). Material. One specimen (young), standard length 73 mm., CAS 26761. The characters and meristic data are in accord with those noted by Phillips (1957, p. 57; 1964, p. 28). Sebastes rosaceus Girard. The rosy rockfish (see Phillips, 1957, fig. 47), was originally described from San Diego, California (Girard, 1854, p. 146). Sebastes rosaceus ranges from Cordell Bank, ^larin County, California (Follett, 1952, p. 417). to Turtle Bay, Baja CaHfornia (Phillips, 1957, p. 116). Records from farther north than Cordell Bank appear to have been based on misidentified specimens of 5. helvomaculatus (Lo-chai Chen, personal correspon- dence, January 20, 1970). This species has been recorded from reefs in and near Monterey Bay, Cali- fornia, in less than 15 m. to more than 46 m. (Miller, Odemar, and Gotshall, 1967, pp. 95, 96, 102, 103; "less than 50 feet to more than 150 feet"); from Cordell Bank, Marin County, CaHfornia, in 51 m. to 62 m. (Follett, 1952, p. 417; "28 to 34 fathoms") ; from off San Nicolas Island, California, in 58 m. to 60 m. 478 CALIFORMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. (Gilbert. 1915, p. 336; "32-33 fathoms"). It has been taken at depths as great as 130 m. to 140 m. (Lo-chai Chen, personal correspondence, December 1, 1969). The rosy rockfish attains a length of 36 cm. (Miller and Gotshall, 1965, p. 116; "14.2 inches"). Material. Four specimens (young), standard length 53 mm. to 67 mm., CAS 26762; identification confirmed by Lo-chai Chen. Four other specimens, stan- dard length 37 mm. to 60 mm., may represent Sebastes rosaceiis, but they have not been identified with certainty. Sebastes helvomaculatus Ayres. The rosethorn rockfish (see Phillips, 1957, fig. 48) was long ago described by Ayres (1859, p. 26, fig. 8). from a specimen obtained in the San Francisco mar- ket. However, this species was for nearly a century thereafter relegated to the synonymy of Sebastes rosaceus Girard — as by Gill (1864, p. 147), Jordan and Gilbert (1883, p. 667), Eigenmann and Beeson (1894, p. 395), Jordan and Evermann (1898a, p. 1808), and Jordan, Evermann, and Clark (1930, p. 367). The distinctive coloration of this species was noted by Carl L. Hubbs (personal communication). Later, Phillips (1957, pp. 30, 31, 118, 119) noted (in addition to the coloration) distinctive morphometric characters, which, however, were considered inadequate by Heyamoto and Hitz (1962, p. 848) and by Westrheim (1965, p. 232). Sebastes helvomaculatus ranges from the Gulf of Alaska (Westrheim, 1965, p. 2i2) to Guadalupe Island, Baja California (Phillips, 1957, p. 118). This species has been recorded from depths of 133 m. (Westrheim, 1965, p. 2i2\ "73 fathoms") to 457 m. (Heyamoto and Hitz, 1962, p. 848; "250 fathoms"). The rosethorn rockfish attains a length of 2>?) cm. (Phillips, 1957, p. 118; "13 inches"). Material. One specimen (large young), standard length 89 mm., CAS 27139; identified by Lo-chai Chen. One or more of the four small specimens noted under Sebastes rosaceus as not identified with certainty may represent Sebastes helvo- maculatus. Family Gobiidae — Gobies Coryphopterus nicholsii (Bean). The blackeye goby (see Barnhart, 1936, fig. 245, as Rhinogobiops nicholsii; see also Ebert and Turner, 1962, fig. 1 ), also called "bluespot goby" and "crested goby," was originally described from a specimen taken at Departure Bay, British Columbia, in 37 m. (Bean, 1882, p. 469, as Gobius nicholsii; "20 fathoms"). Coi-yphopterus nicholsii ranges from Skidegate Channel, Queen Charlotte Islands (Clemens and Wilby, 1961, p. 359), to San Martin Island, Baja Califor- nia (Limbaugh, 1955, p. 120). Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT : BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE 479 This species is generally known as an inshore, shallow- water, benthic inhab- itant (Berry and Perkins, 1966, p. 676). According to Gilbert (1915, p. 359), this species "has also been taken in shallow water, but not between tides, at Monterey." Two specimens were collected within the littoral (intertidal) zone, by Rolf L. BoHn, on August 18, 1947, at a rocky point 0.5 mile south of Malpaso Creek, Monterey County. Using small pieces of prawn for bait, I collected with rod and line two specimens (Stanford Natural History Museum catalog nos. 35015 and 35016) on March 16, 1940, in San Francisco Bay, at a depth of 6 m., from the Van Ness Avenue pier, San Francisco. It has been recorded from off San Elijo Lagoon, San Diego County, in 12 m. and 18 m. (Turner, Ebert, and Given, 1965, p. 109; "40 feet and 60 feet"), and from off Hermosa Beach and Santa Monica in 18 m. (Ebert and Turner, 1962, p. 250; "60 feet"). Two speci- mens, standard length 36 mm. and 37 mm. (CAS 27140), were collected south- west of South Coronado Island, Baja California, in 18 m. to 25 m. It has been recorded from near Pacific Grove, California, in 18 m. or 27 m. (Snyder, 1913, p. 459; "10 or 15 fathoms"); from British Columbia at six localities— in depths of 37 m. or less (Clemens and Wilby, 1961, p. 359; "20 fathoms or less") ; from Anacapa Passage, CaHfornia (Jordan and Evermann, 1898b, p. 2218; '^Albatross station 2944"), in 55 m. (see Tanner, 1892, p. 493; "30 fathoms"; see also U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart no. 5202, 1937) ; and from the vicinity of San Diego in 91 m. (Starks and Mann, 1911, p. 16, as Rhinogobius nicholsii; "50 fathoms"). Also, it has been reported as sometimes taken in more than 640 m. (Barnhart, 1936, p. 81; "2100 feet"). Its pelagic prejuvenile stages have been taken at depths of approximately 1,863 m. and 2,234 m. (Berry and Perkins, 1966, pp. 626.627,676). The blackeye goby attains a length of about 15 cm. (Ebert and Turner, 1962, p. 250; "6 inches"). Material. Seven specimens (young to adult), standard length 33 mm. to 65 mm., CAS 26763. (The stomach of a 54-mm. specimen contained a gastropod, Turbonilla species, 2.8 mm. in length, identified by Allyn G. Smith.) In all seven specimens, the sixth dorsal spine is remote from the fifth, and the attenuate, unsegmented first element of the second dorsal fin, as well as that of the anal fin, appears to represent a spine. So interpreted, the dorsal formula is VI-I,13 in four specimens and VI-I,12 in three; the anal formula is 1,12 in three specimens and 1,11 in four. There are 17 segmented caudal rays (counting both unbranched and branched rays) in six specimens. There are 2 unbranched segmented caudal rays above and 1 below in the three specimens in which these rays are discernible. The vertebral formula is 10 -f 16 = 26 in all seven specimens. The interpretation of the first element of the second dorsal fin and of the anal fin as a spine is in accord with that of Hubbs (1943, p. 134), Ginsburg (1953, p. 18), and Bohlke and Robins (1960, p. 104). The dorsal, anal, and 480 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. vertebral counts are in accord with those of Clothier (1951, p. 73). The caudal- ray counts are in accord with those of Ginsburg (1945, pp. 136, 137). Family Brotulidae — Brotulas Pending further study of the ophidioids, I retain the family Brotulidae Swainson (1838, p. 317, as Brotulinae-) as distinct from the family Ophidiidae Bonaparte (1831, p. 38, as Ophididae-')- On the basis of the otoliths, these two nominal families should not be merged according to John E. Fitch (personal communication, May 7, 1969). Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres). The red brotula (see Best, 1957, fig. 1), was originally described from a 305-mm. (12-inch) specimen collected more than a century ago near the entrance to San Francisco Bay (Ayres, 1854, p. 202, as Brosmius marginatus). Brosmophycis marginata ranges from Petersburg, Alaska (Schultz and De- Lacy, 1936, p. 142), at least to Ensenada, Baja California (Fitch, 1968, p. 24). This species was recorded from Puget Sound by Gilbert and Thompson ( 1905, p. 985) ; from five other localities in Washington, by Schultz and DeLacy (1936, p. 142); and from British Columbia at four localities, including English Bay at 55 m. ("30 fathoms"), by Clemens and Wilby (1961, p. 394). Ten specimens, taken at seven localities along the coast of California, from off the mouth of the Klamath River to Ship Rock, Santa Catalina Island, in depths of 37 m. to 91 m., were recorded by Best (1957, p. 97; "120 to 300 feet"). It is said to occur mostly in depths of 18 m. to 122 m. (Fitch, 1968, p. 24; "60 to 400 feet"). A specimen deposited at the Cabrillo JNIarine Museum, San Pedro, California, was washed up in a severe storm on December 3, 1939, at Cabrillo Beach. Larvae have been collected north of Santa Catalina Island, California, and off El Des- canso, Baja California (Ahlstrom, 1959, p. 110). Selle (1924, p. 143) recorded a specimen from "90 miles south of Los Angeles Harbor." This record, published under the title "San Pedro Rarities," may constitute the basis for the statement by Jordan, Evermann, and Clark (1930, p. 479) that this species had been "recently taken at San Pedro, Calif." This "San Pedro" record was apparently accepted by Barnhart (1936, p. 92), Schultz (1936, p. 197), and Schultz and DeLacy (1936, p. 142). The red brotula has been said to reach a length of nearly 46 cm. (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881, p. 65; "18 inches"). Material. Eleven specimens (large young to small adult), standard length 101 mm. to 250 mm., CAS 26764: 2 The priority of the name of a taxon in the family-group is not affected by elevation in rank within the group (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 1964, Article 23c). •■' A family-group name of which the suffix is incorrect is available with its original date and authorship, but in properly emended form (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1964, Article 11 (e) (ii). Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT: BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE 481 The caudal-ray counts of 16 (8 + 8) in ten specimens and 17 (9 + 8) in one specimen suggest that Brosmophycis marginata normally has twice the number of caudal rays noted for two other brotulids known from California: 8 (4 + 4) in a specimen of Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, standard length 60 mm. (CAS 27145), picked up at the drift-line on Moss Beach, Monterey County, California, on April 5, 1959, by Miss E. Eugenia Patten; 8(4 + 4) in a specimen of Cataetyx rubrirostris collected off northern Oregon (Grinols and Greenfield, 1966, p. 212) ; 9(5 + 4) in a specimen of Cataetyx rubrirostris collected off northern Oregon (Grinols and Greenfield, 1966, p. 212) ; 8(4 + 4) in a specimen of Parabassogigas grandis (Giinther), standard length 127 cm. (CAS 25724), collected some 40 miles west-south- west of Farallon Lighthouse, California, on September 22, 1952, by Warren Beadle and R. G. Hamilton; 8 (4 + 4) in a specimen of Parabassogigas grandis, total length 135 cm. (cata- log no. 39255 in the Zoological Institute, University of Tokyo), collected February 28, 1938 (?), off Katsu-ura, Wakayama Pre- fecture (eastern coast of Kii Peninsula), south of Nagoya, Japan. Ray counts of D. 92, A. 70 taken by Jordan and Evermann (1898b. p. 2502) from a specimen of Brosmophycis marginata collected off San Francisco were corrected to D. 100, A. 76 by Gilbert and Thompson (1905, p. 985). Vertebral counts of 16 + 47 = 63, 16 + 48 = 64, 17 + 47 = 64, and 17 + 48 = 65 were noted by Best (1957, p. 98). Family Ophidiidae — Cusk-eels Chilara taylori (Girard). The spotted cusk-eel (see Herald, 1953, figs. 1-3, as Otophidium taylori) was originally described from six small specimens, the largest 3% inches in 482 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4Tn Ser. length, taken in "the sands of Monterey Beach," CaUfornia (Girard, 1858, p. 138, as Ophidian taylori) . This species has long been referred to the genus Otophidium Gill in Jordan (1887, p. 914), but its high vertebral counts indicate that it should be referred instead to the genus Chilara Jordan and Evermann (1896, p. 482). The type- species of Otophidium (Genypterus omostigma Jordan and Gilbert, 1882, p. 301; by original designation) has a relatively low vertebral count (14 + 43 = 57, as determined from a radiograph of the holotype; see Bohlke and Robins, 1959, p. 42). In contrast, the type-species of Chilara {Ophidion taylori, by original des- ignation) has a high vertebral count (18 + 69 = 87, etc.; see vertebral counts, below). Therefore, on the basis of the vertebral count, the genus Chilara appears worthy of recognition. The binomen Chilara taylori is well known from the usage of Jordan and Everman (1896, p. 482; 1898b, p. 2489), Starks and Morris (1907, p. 240), and Snyder (1913, p. 460). Chilara taylori ranges from northern Oregon to San Cristobal Bay, Baja California (Fitch and Lavenberg, 1968, p. 75). Recorded depths of capture are 1.2 m. (Herald, 1953, p. 381; "4 feet"); 13 m. to 126 m. (Gilbert, 1895, p. 472; "7 to 69 fathoms") ; 18 m. or 22 m. (Snyder, 1913, p. 460; "10 or 12 fathoms") ; 18 m. to 244 m. or more (Fitch and Laven- berg, 1968, p. 75; "60 to 800 feet or more") ; 55 m. (Hubbs, 1916, p. 166). A specimen of this species has been taken from the stomach of Sebastes auri- culatus Girard (Hubbs, 1921b, p. 28), and another specimen, about 25 cm. in length, from the stomach of a 115-cm. specimen of Alcpisanrus jerox Lowe (Roedel and McCully, 1939, p. 35, as Alepisaurus acscidapius). The spotted cusk-eel has been said to reach a length of about 36 cm. (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881, p. 65, as Ophidium taylori] "14 inches"). Material. Seven specimens (large young to small adult), standard length 74 mm. to 190 mm., CAS 26765. Six specimens have each 4 + 5 caudal rays, the articulation of these rays with the hypurals somewhat resembling that in Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus (see Whitehouse, 1910, pi. 50, fig. 30, as Ophidium barbatum) . Four specimens have each a vertebral formula of 18 + 69 = 87; one, 18 + 70 = 88: one, 18 + 71 = 89; and one, 19 + 71 = 90. (Of the specimens noted by Clothier, 1951, p. 79, pi. 23, two had each a total of 87 vertebrae; eight, 88; and one, 89.) ZONATION I follow the terminology of Hedgpeth (1957, fig. 1) for the classification of the benthic environment below the littoral (intertidal) zone: Inner sublittoral, between low water and a depth of about 50 meters; Outer sublittoral, depths from about 50 to 200 meters; Bathyal, depths below 200 meters (to about 4000 meters). Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT : BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE 483 Of the seven species represented among the fishes cast ashore near Point Joe, Sebastes helvomaculatus is noteworthy as an inhabitant of the bathyal zone, al- though it has been recorded as well from the outer sublittoral zone; Sebastes rosaceus and Brosmophycis marginata have been recorded from both the outer and the inner sublittoral zone; Coryphopterus nicholsii and Chilara taylori are known to range from the outer sublittoral into the littoral (intertidal) zone; Sebastes jlavidus descends to the lower limits of the outer sublittoral, but a young example, of a size comparable to that of the specimen in this collection, has been taken within the inner sublittoral zone; only Micrometrus aurora appears re- stricted to the littoral (intertidal) zone. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deep appreciation to Miss E. Eugenia Patten, member of the California Academy of Sciences, and to Miss Priscilla J. Ferguson, for this remarkable collection; to Dr. Tokiharu Abe, of Tokaiku Suisan Kenkyujo, Tokyo, for radiographs of the Katsu-ura specimen of Parabassogigas grandis; to Dr. Lo-chai Chen, of San Diego State College (formerly of the Scripps Institu- tion of Oceanography), for determination of the specimens referable to Sebastes rosaceus and S. helvomaculatus; to Mr. William K. Cloud, of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, for records of tsunamis during 1960; to Mrs. Lillian J. Demp- ster, of the California Academy of Sciences, for assistance with the manuscript; to Mr. Maurice C. Giles, of the California Academy of Sciences, for enlargements of the photographs; to Dr. Carl L. Hubbs, of the Scripps Institution of Ocean- ography, for assistance and advice and for the Cabrillo Beach record of Brosmo- phycis marginata; to Dr. C. Richard Robins, of the University of Miami, for advice on Chilara: and to Mr. Allyn G. Smith, of the California Academy of Sciences, for determination of the gastropod found in the stomach of a speci- men of Coryphopterus nicholsii. LITERATURE CITED Ahlstrom, Elbert H. 1959. Vertical distribution of pelafric fish eggs and larvae off California and Baja Cali- fornia. United States Fish and WildUfe Service Fishery Bulletin, vol. 60, no. 161, pp. i-iv, 107-146, figs. 1-13. Alverson, D. L., a. T. Pruter, and L. L. Ronholt 1964. A study of demersal fishes and fisheries of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. H. R. MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries. Institute of Fisheries, The University of Brit- ish Columbia, Vancouver, 190 pp., 72 figs. AuGHTRY, Robert H. 1953. A note on mass mortahty of the myctophid fish Tarktonbeania crenularis. Copeia, 1953, no. 3, pp. 190-192, fig. 1. Ayres, William 0. 1854. [Descriptions of Brosmius marginatus and Syngnathus grjseo-lineatus.'] The Pacific, vol. 3, no. 51, Oct. 27, p. 202 [misprinted "102"]. 484 CALIFORMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 1854-1855. New species of Californian fishes. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Nat- ural History, vol. 5, pp. 94-103. 1859. [New fishes of the Pacific coast.] Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 25-32. 1863. [Descriptions of Sebastodes jlavidus and Sebastodes ovalis.] Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 209-211, figs. 64-66. Barnhart, Percy Spencer 1936. Marine fishes of southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, vi + 209 pp., 290 figs. Bean, Tarleton H. 1882. Notes on a collection of fishes made by Captain Henry E. Nichols, U.S.N., in British Columbia and southern Alaska, with descriptions of new species and a new genus (Delolepis) . Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 4, pp. 463-474. Berry, Frederick H., and Herbert C. Perkins 1966. Survey of pelagic fishes of the California Current area. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 625-682, figs 1-30. Best, E. A. 1957. Recent occurrences of the red brotula, Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres), in Cali- fornia waters. California Fish and Game, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 97-98, fig. 1. BoHLKE, James E., and C. Richard Robins 1959. Studies on fishes of the family Ophidiidae. — II. Three new species from the Bahamas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. Ill, pp. 37-52, pi. 5, figs. 1-3. 1960. A revision of the gobioid fish genus Coryphoptenis. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 103-128, pis. 1-2, figs. 1-3. Bonaparte, Carlo Luciano 1831. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degh animali vertebrati. Rome, 78 pp. Clemens, W. A., and G. V. Wilby 1961. Fishes of the Pacific coast of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 68 (second edition), 443 pp., colored frontispiece, 6 colored pis., 281 figs. Clothier, Charles R. [1951]* A key to some southern California fishes based on vertebral characters. State of California Division of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin 79, 1950, 83 pp., 23 pis., 22 figs. Cuvier, Georges 1829. Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a I'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a I'anatomie comparee. Vol. 2 (new edition). Paris, xv -f- 406 pp. Ebert, Earl E., and Charles H. Turner 1962. The nesting behavior, eggs and larvae of the bluespot goby. CaUfornia Fish and Game, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 249-252, figs. 1-^. Eigenmann, Carl H., and Charles H. Beeson 1894. A revision of the fishes of the subfamily Sebastinae of the Pacific coast of Amer- ica. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 17, pp. 375-407. 'Date from Follett (1952, p. 424). Square brackets indicate extrinsic evidence of the date, in accordance with Recommendation 22A(3) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1964). Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT: BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE 485 Fitch, John E. 1968. Otoliths and other fish remains from the Timms Point silt (early Pleistocene) at San Pedro, California. Los Angeles County Museum, Contributions in Science, no. 146, 29 pp., 4 figs. Fitch, John E., and Robert J. Lavenberg 1968. Deep-water teleostean fishes of California. University of California Press, Berke- ley and Los Angeles, 155 pp., 74 figs. FoLLETT, W. I. 1952. Annotated list of fishes obtained by the CaUfornia Academy of Sciences during six cruises of the U.S.S. Mulberry conducted by the United States Navy off central California in 1949 and 1950. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th ser., vol. 27, no. 16, pp. .S99-432, pis. 21-26. Gilbert, Charles H. 1895. The ichthyological collections of the steamer Albatross during the years 1890 and 1891. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for the Year Ending June 30, 1893, part 19, pp. 393-476, pis. 20-35. 1915. Fishes collected by the United States Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in southern California in 1904. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 48, pp. 305-380, pis. 14-22. Gilbert, Charles H., and Joseph C. Thompson 1905. Notes on the fishes of Puget Sound. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 28, pp. 973-987, figs. 1-3. Gill, Theodore 1861. Notes on some genera of fishes of the western coast of North America. Proceed- ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 13, pp. 164-168. 1864. Critical remarks on the genera Sebastes and Sebastodes of Ayres. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1864, pp. 145-147. Ginsburg, Isaac 1945. Contribution to a methodology in the caudal fin ray count of fishes and its use in classification. Copeia, 1945, no. 3, pp. 133-142. 1953. Ten new American gobioid fishes in the United States National Museum, including additions to a revision of Gobionellus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 18-26. Girard, Charles 1854. Observations upon a collection of fishes made on the Pacific coast of the United States, by Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, LT.S.A., for the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, pp. 142-156. 1858. Fishes. In General report upon the zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes. Reports of explorations and surveys. . .for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. U.S. Senate Executive Document no. 78, 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, vol. 10, part 4, pp. i-xiv, 1-400, pis. 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 26, 29, 30, 34, 37, 40, 41, 48, 53, 59, 61, 64, 65, 71. Grinols, Richard B., and David W. Greenfield 1966. New records of Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. California Fish and Game, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 211-213, fig. 1. Hedgpeth, Joel W. 1957. Classification of marine environments. Geological Society of .America. Memoir 67, vol. 1, pp. 17-27, figs. 1-5. 486 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. Herald, Earl S. 1953. Spotted cusk-eel, the strange fish that stands on its tail. California Fish and Game, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 381-384, figs. 1-3. Heyamoto, Hiromu, and Charles R. Hitz 1962. Northern range extensions of three species of rockfish (Sebastodes rubrivinctus, S. aurora, and S. helvomaculatiis) . Copeia, 1962, no. 4, pp. 847-848, fig. 1. HuBBS, Carl L. 1916. Notes on the marine fishes of CaUfornia. University of California Publications in Zoology, vol. 16, no. 13, pp. 153-169, pis. 18-20. 19-2 la. The ecolog>- and life-history of Amphigonopterus aurora and of other viviparous perches of CaUfornia. Biological Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 181-209, figs. 1-5. 1921b. Notes on Sebastodes. Copeia, no. 93, pp. 27-28. 1943. [Review of] Fishes of the Phoenix and Samoan islands collected in 1939 during the expedition of the U.S.S. "Bushnell," by Leonard P. Schultz. Copeia, 1943, no. 2, pp. 133-134. HuBBS, Carl L., and Karl F. Lagler 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Bulletin of the Cranbrook Institute of Science, vol. 26 (revised edition), xiii + 213 pp., 44 colored pis., 251 figs. HuBBS, Carl L., and Leonard P. Schultz 1933. Descriptions of two new American species referable to the rockfish genus Sebas- todes, with notes on related species. University of Washington Publications in Biology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 15-44, pis. 1-2. Jordan, David Starr 1887. A catalogue of the fishes known to inhabit the waters of North America, north of the Tropic of Cancer, with notes on the species discovered in 1883 and 1884. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1885, part 13, pp. 789-973. Jordan, David Starr, and Barton Warren Evermann 1896. A check-list of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates of North and Middle America. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for the Year Ending June 30, 1895, part 21, pp. 207-584. 1898a. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, no. 47, pp. i-xxx, 1241-2183. 1898b. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-Hke vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part 3. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, no. 47, pp. i-xxiv, 2183a-3136. Jordan, David Starr, Barton Warren Evermann, and Howard Walton Clark 1930. Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia. Report of the LTnited States Commissioner of Fisheries for the Fiscal Year 1928, with Appen- dixes, part 2, iv -|- 670 pp. Jordan, D.wid S., and Charles H. Gilbert 1880. Description of a new embiotocoid (Abeona aurora), from Monterey, California, with notes on a related species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 3, pp. 299-301. 1881. Notes on the fi.shes of the Pacific coast of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 4, pp. 29-70. Vol. XXXVII] FOLLETT: BENTHIC FISHES CAST ASHORE 487 1882. Notes on fishes observed about Pensacola, Florida, and Galveston, Texas, with description of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 5, pp. 241-307. 1883." Synopsis of the fishes of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, no. 16, Ivi -|- 1018 pp. Lembaugh, Conrad 1955. Fish life in the kelp beds and the effects of kelp harvesting. University of Califor- nia, La Jolla, Institute of Marine Resources, IMR Reference 55-9, iii + 158 pp., 21 figs. Matsubara, Kiyomatsu 1943. Studies on the scorpaenoid fishes of Japan. Anatomy, phylogeny and taxonomy (II). The Transactions of the Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo, no. 2, pp. 171-486, pis. 1^, figs. 67-156. Miller, Daniel J., and Daniel Gotshall 1965. Ocean sportfish catch and effort from Oregon to Point Arguello, California, July 1, 1957-June 30, 1961. Cahfornia Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin 130, 135 pp., 16 figs. Miller, Daniel J., Melvyn W. Odemar, and Daniel W. Gotsilall 1967. Life history and catch analysis of the blue rockfish (Sebastodes mystinus) off central California, 1961-1965. California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Operations, MRO Reference no. 67-14, iii + 130 pp., 46 figs. Odemar, Melvyn W., Paul W. Wild, and Kenneth C. Wllson 1968. A survey of the marine environment from Fort Ross, Sonoma County, to Point Lobos, Monterey County. California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Operations, MRO Reference no. 68-12, v -|- 238 pp., 28 figs. Perey'ra, Walter T., Willlam G. Pearcy', and Forrest E. Carvey% Jr. 1969. Sebastodes flavidus, a shelf rockfish feeding on mesopelagic fauna, with consider- ation of the ecological implications. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 2211-2215, figs. 1-2. Phillips, Julius B. 1957. A review of the rockfishes of California (family Scorpaenidae) . State of Cahfor- nia Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin 104, 158 pp., 66 figs. 1964. Life history studies on ten species of rockfish (genus Sebastodes) . California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin 126, 70 pp., 44 figs. 1968. Review of rockfish program. Cahfornia Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Operations, MRO Reference no. 68-1, 2 7 pp., 8 figs., 8 appendices. Roedel, Phll M., and Howard McCully 1939. Occurrence of the wolf-fish, Alepisaurus aesculapius (Bean) in southern Califor- nia. California Fish and Game, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 35-37. Schultz, Leonard P. 1936. Keys to the fishes of Washington, Oregon and closely adjoining regions. Univer- sity of Washington Pubhcations in Biology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 103-228, figs. 1-50. Schultz, Leonard P., and Allan C. DeLacy' 1936. Fishes of the American Northwest. A catalogue of the fishes of Washington and Oregon, with distributional records and a bibliography. Mid-Pacific Magazine, vol.49, no. 2, pp. 127-142. S[elle], WCllbur] a. 1924. San Pedro rarities. California Fish and Game, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 143-144. •"^The date "1883" on the original cover was confirmed by Jordan (1887, p. 789). who noted the date of publication as ''about .April 1, 1883." ■■" '. CALIFORMA ACADEMY OF SCIEXCES [Proc. 4th Ser. -^^ -^SnS'PBR,'' "^IIIS^^CJiTERBEIN ^'^^^^^•i l^A^'N'o'tes oh RaHzanJa makna Jenkins and other species of fishes of rare occurrence on the CaHfornia coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, - - vol/44, no. t961, pp. 455-460, pi. 63. Starks, Edwin Chapin, and William M. Mann '-'^Skts 19H*i' New and rare fishes from southern California. University of California Publica- - . '^ ti'ons in Zoology-, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 9-19, figs. 1-2. Starks, Edwin Cha'pi'n,~And Earl Leonard Morris 1907. The marine fishes of southern California. University of California Publications, Zoology, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 159-251, pi. 21. SwAiNSON, William 1838. The natural history of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. Vol. 1. London, vi + 368 pp., 100 figs. Talley, H. Carroll, Jr., and Wllllam K. Cloud 1962. United States earthquakes, 1960. U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geo- detic Survey, Washington, iv -|- 90 pp., 8 figs. Tanner, Z. L. 1892. Report upon the investigations of the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross for the year ending June 30, 1889. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1888, part 16, pp. 395-512, pis. 50-52. Tarp, Fred Harald 1952. A revision of the family Embiotocidae (the surfperches). State of California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin 88, 99 pp., 32 figs. Turner, Charles H., Earl E. Ebert, and Robert R. Given 1965. Survey of the marine environment offshore of San Ehjo Lagoon, San Diego County. CaHfornia Fish and Game, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 81-112, figs. 1-16. Westrheim, S. J. 1965. Northern range extensions for four species of rockfish (Sebastodes goodei, S. helvomacidatus, S. nibrivinctus, and S. zacentriis) in the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 231-235, figs. 1-2. 1966. Northern range extensions for three species of rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus, S. pancispinis, and S. pinniger) in the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Fish- eries Research Board of Canada, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1469-1471. Whitehouse, Richard H. 1910. The caudal fin of the Teleostomi. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1910, pp. 590-627, pis. 47-50, fig. 57.