Vol. 115. No. 1. January & February 2004 TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MAYFLY GENERA JAPPA AND ULMEROPHLEBIA (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE) 1 Y. J. Bae, : K. J. Finlay,' and I. C. Campbell 3 ABSTRACT: The Australian burrowing mayfly genera Jappa and Ulmerophlebia are confirmed as monophyletic groups. Their adult and larval stages are redescribed and their egg stages are newly described. Additional taxonomic and phylogenetic discussions are provided. KEYWORDS: Ephemeroptera, Letophlebiidae, Jappa, Ulmerophlebia, Australia. The Australian mayfly genera Jappa Marker and Ulmerophlebia Demoulin (Leptophlebiidae) are unique among Ephemeroptera because of the convergent adaptation with the burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroidea) from the Northern Hem-isphere (Campbell, 1990; Bae and McCafferty, 1991, 1995). Members of the Ephemeroidea do not occur in Australia, and these are the genera of Ephemer-optera most closely adapted to hyporheic habitats in Australia. The larvae are generally found under cobble-or boulder-sized stones embedded in sand and silt substrate in mid-sized to large lowland streams (Riek, 1970; Peters and Camp-bell, 1991; Edmunds and McCafferty, 1996). The larvae of Jappa possess a characteristic head with a two-pronged frontal process or "cephalic tusks" (Fig. 1 ) that is analogous to the mandibular tusks of Ephemeroidea, in particular those of Potamanthidae (see Bae and McCafferty, 1991: Figs. 11-14), while the larvae of Ulmerophlebia lack such structure (Fig. 2). Despite this morphological difference, the generic distinction of the genera has been continuously questioned by mayfly taxonomists not only because their general morphology in adult and larval stages is similar, but because generic con-cepts have not been well defined. Harker ( 1 954) established the genus Jappa based on adult and larval stages. At that time, forewing length to width ratio and "a burrowing type larva" with tusk-like head frontal processes or "horns" were used as the major defining char-acteristics. Demoulin (1955) erected the genus Ulmerophlebia to include a spec-ies, Euphyurus mjobergi Ulmer, described (as an adult only) by Ulmer (1916), but did not compare it with Jappa. Previously, Ulmer (1920) recombined E. mjobergi with Deleatidium Eaton; and Demoulin (1955) distingui phlebia from Deleatidium mainly by wing and genitaLdiajjflttvrs. 1 Received on June 27, 2002. Accepted on May 18, 2004. Department of Biology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul ac.kr. 'School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia. E-mail: ian. campbell( 'sci.monash.edu.au. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115(1): 1 . January & February 2004 Mailed on November 12, 2004
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