Vol. 86, Nos. 1 & 2, January & February 1975 A REVIEW OF THE NEARCTIC GENERA OF OLIGOTROPHIDI WITH PIERCING OVIPOSITORS (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYHDAE)' Raymond J. Gagne ABSTRACT: Descriptions of Cystiphora, Procystiphora, Sackenomyia, and Lygocecis, new genus, show that ovipositors modified for piercing plants have evolved independent-ly at least 6 times within the supertribe Oligotrophidi. Lauhertia is synonymized under Cystiphora and Phlyctidobia under Sackenomyia. Sackenomyia viburnifolia (Felt) is renamed and several new combinations are proposed. DESCRIPTORS: Cecidomyiidae; Cystiphora, Procystiphora, Sackenomyia and Lygo-cecis n.g.; North America At least four groups of species of Nearctic Oligotrophidi have ovipositors modified for piercing plant tissue. While preparing a key to the genera of Cecidomyiidae, I found that the generic placement of most of those species was haphazard. It showed little regard for the various adaptations of the female abdomens, but was based instead on what now appear to be superficial characters, such as the number of palpal segments and whether the tarsal claws are toothed or simple. Cystiphora and Sackenomyia each contained two unrelated species groups; one of them common to both genera. On the other hand, Procystiphora, based on Nearctic species, had been misinterpreted and contained 2 additional, separate groups of exotic species. In this paper I am redescribing the several genera involved and describing a new genus for the practical purpose of properly placing the Nearctic species. I am also interested in determining generic affinities and the relationships of the Nearctic species to their exotic congeners to provide a foundation for future studies. The genera treated here are: Procystiphora, reared from Jiincus and possibly Carex; Sackenomyia, leaf gallmakers on Viburnum; Cystiphora, leaf gallmakers on the composite tribe Cichoreae; and Lygocecis, new genus, stem gallmakers on Salix. The various modifications of the female postabdomen in these genera and in the 2 exotic species groups formerly placed in Procystiphora show that a piercing ovipositor evolved at least 6 times within the Oligotrophidi. Three genera, Sackenomyia, Procystiphora, and Lygocecis, new genus, are so Accepted for publication: August 26, 1974 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA Mail Address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. ENT. NEWS, 86: 1 & 2: 5 -12, January & February 1975
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