PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 102(2), 1989, pp. 520-531 CHROMOSOMES OF TEN SPECIES OF PHILIPPINE FRUIT BATS (CHIROPTERA: PTEROPODIDAE) Eric A. Rickart, Lawrence R. Heaney, and Mark. J. Rosenfeld Abstract.— Standard karyotypes and silver-stained nucleolar organizer re-gions (Ag-NORs) often species of Philippine pteropodids are described. Results are discussed in the context of an updated version of Andersen's (1912) phy-logeny. Data for Cynopterus brachyotis (2N = 34), Eonycteris spelaea (2N = 36) and Macroglossus minimus (2N = 34) agree with previous reports. Pteropus hypomelanus (2N = 38) and Rousettus amplexicaudatus (2N = 36) have stan-dard karyotypes identical to those of congeners. The Philippine endemic species Haplonycteris fischeri (2N = 58), Ptenochirus jagori (2N = 44) and Ptenochirus minor (2N = 46) have distinctive karyotypes consisting primarily of acrocentric elements. Haplonycteris has the highest diploid number for the suborder. The karyotypes of Harpyionycteris whiteheadi (2N =36) and Nyctimene rabori (2N = 38) are distinctive, but share some apparenntly derived features with cy-nopterine genera. In all taxa examined, the Ag-NORs corresponded to the secondary constrictions on the pair of "marker" chromosomes. These results demonstrate that the cynopterine section is the most chromosomally variable clade in the Pteropodidae. The family Pteropodidae is a large and diverse assemblage of Old World bats that appears to constitute a natural group dis-tinct from other chiropterans (Smith 1980, Koopman 1984). In the only monographic study of the entire family, Andersen (1912) used morphological criteria to construct a detailed phylogeny. Andersen's work re-mains the most complete statement of re-lationships within the family. However, it is important to test and, if necessary, modify his kinship hypotheses using independent evidence. Prior analysis of standard karyotypes of pteropodids had led to the early assumption that chromosomal variation within the family is relatively limited (Haiduk et al. 1980). However, differential staining tech-niques have shown that several genera with similar standard karyotypes substantially differ in banding patterns (Haiduk et al. 1981). Nevertheless, fewer than half of the recognized pteropodid genera have been karyotyped to date, and fewer have been examined for banding patterns (Haiduk et al. 1981). In this paper, we present standard karyo-types of ten species of Philippine pteropod-ids representing nine genera and two subfamilies. Chromosomal data for the gen-era Haplonycteris, Harpyionycteris, Nycti-mene, and Ptenochirus, and for eight of the species are reported for the first time. We also present results on silver-stained nu-cleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) for each species and discuss variation in pteropodid "marker" chromosomes. We have inter-preted our results in the context of Ander-sen's (1912) phylogeny, as updated to in-clude genera described since 1912. Materials and methods.— Our animals were all freshly collected from wild popu-lations and killed with sodium pentabar-bitol (Nembutal) or with chloroform within 24 h of capture. Chromosome terminology and preparation methods followed those of Patton (1967) with the exception that 0.4% potassium chloride was used for the hypo-
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