PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 103(1), 1990, pp. 248-253 SIX NEW COMBINATIONS IN BACCHAROIDES MOENCH AND CYANTHILLIUM "SUJME (VERNONIEAE: ASTERACEAE) Harold Robinson Abstract.— ThvQQ species, Vernonia adoensis Schultz-Bip. ex Walp., V. gui-neensis Benth., and V. lasiopus O. HofFm. in Engl., are transferred to the genus Baccharoides Moench, and three species, Conyza cinerea L., C. patula Ait., and Herderia stellulifera Benth. are transferred to the genus Cyanthillium Blume. The present paper provides six new com-binations of Old World Vemonieae that are known to belong to the genera Baccharoides Moench and Cyanthillium Blume. The ap-plicability of these generic names to these species groups was first noted by the author almost ten years ago (Robinson et al. 1 980), and it was anticipated that other workers more familiar with the paleotropical mem-bers of the Vernonieae would provide the necessary combinations. A recent study of eastern African members of the tribe by Jef-frey (1988) also cites these generic names as synonyms under his Vernonia Group 2 subgroup C and Vernonia Group 4, al-though he retains the broad concept of Ver-nonia. At this point it is not certain when anyone will undertake more detailed studies of these groups. However, the author does need to refer to a few members of these genera and does not intend to use older, incorrect names. Instead of making isolated combinations as needed, as was done with Gymnanthemum coloratum (Robinson & Kahn 1986), an effort is made here to place needed combinations together in one paper. Detailed monographic studies and the ma-jority of the combinations are left to future workers. In spite of the limited scope of the present effort, some explanation is offered. The summary of the Vemonieae by S. B. Jones (1977) showed that the Eastern Hemi-sphere species placed in the genus Vernonia were all chemically and cytologically dis-tinct from the Western Hemisphere mem-bers of that genus. Although generic limits were not discussed by Jones, his study placed the Old World Vernonia in a group on the opposite side the basic division in the genus from typical Vernonia in the eastern United States. Subsequent studies by Jones (1979b, 1981) showed that certain pollen types also were restricted to Old World members of Vernonia s.l., types that are shared by some Old World members of the tribe tradition-ally placed in other genera. The characters noted by Jones have been treated by the present author as evidence of a basic divi-sion in the Vernonieae between groups that have included many genera in each hemi-sphere, and traditional Vernonia s.l. can be seen as an excessively paraphyletic core ge-nus that is defined only by what "it is not" rather than by what "it is." In progressing toward definitive generic concepts in the Vernonieae, the pattern seen by Jones jus-tifies removing at least all of the Eastern Hemisphere members of the tribe from Ver-nonia. This segregation of the Old World genera was partially put into practice by the use of the names Baccharoides Moench, Gymnanthemum Cass., and Cyanthillium Blume, by Robinson et al. (1 980) and in the transfers made in the study of Distephanus Cass. (Robinson «fe Kahn 1986). At present there is good reason not to transfer all the Old World species of Ver-nonia out of the genus. Morphological and
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