PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 116(2):317-329. 2003. Leptodactylus caatingae, a new species of frog from eastern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) W. Ronald Heyer and Flora A. Junca (WRH) Amphibians and Reptiles, MRC 162, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., e-mail:
[email protected]; (FAJ) Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Animals Pe^onhentos e Herpetologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Campus Universitario — km 03 (BR 116), 44031-460 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, e-mail:
[email protected] Abstract. — A new species of frog of the genus Leptodactylus is described from eastern Brazil. The new species differs little morphologically from L. latinasus, but the advertisement calls are very different. The geographic dis-tribution of L. latinasus and the new species, together with the respective levels of differentiation of morphology and call, is mirrored in the species pair L. bufonius and L. troglodytes. Presumably the same historical event or events lead to differentiation of these species pairs. In a revision of the Leptodactylus fuscus species group (Heyer 1978), Leptodactylus latinasus was characterized as having a ma-jor distribution pattern in Argentina, Uru-guay, and the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and a few disjunct localities in east-em Brazil. The late Dr. Adao J. Cardoso recorded the advertisement call of a male L. latinasus from the State of Bahia in Brazil and brought the recording to the attention of WRH, pointing out that its call was very different from the other known recordings of L. latinasus from Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. More recently, FAJ collected a series of specimens of this east-ern Brazil form from the fossil sand dune region of Bahia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the eastern Brazilian popula-tion currently identified as L. latinasus as a new species and provide new field obser-vations for the taxon. Materials and Methods All specimens of the new species in the MZUSP, UEFS, and ZUEC collections (museum abbreviations follow Leviton et al. 1985 with UEFS being the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana) were bor-rowed and data were taken from them. Data for Leptodactylus latinasus are those used in Heyer (1978) with some additional data for eye-nostril distance, tympanum diame-ter, and belly patterns (data for these char-acters were not evaluated in the study pub-lished as Heyer 1978). Measurement data include snout-vent length (SVL), head length, head width, eye-nostril distance, thigh length, shank length, and foot length, following Heyer et al. (1990) except for the eye-nostril distance being measured by calipers as the distance from the anterior corner of the eye to mid-nostril and the tympanum diameter being measured by calipers as the maximum di-ameter of the tympanum including the an-nulus. Measurement data were analyzed using the software program SYSTAT 10 for prin-cipal component analysis (Stenson and Wil-kinson 2000) and discriminant function analysis (Engelman 2000). The advertisement call analyzed of the new species is USNM recording 234, cut 1, from Joazeiro, Fazenda Mary, Bahia, Bra-
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