PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 
106(3), 1993, pp. 455^66 
NEW RECORDS OF ENTOCYTHERID OSTRACODS 
INFESTING BURROWING AND CAVE-DWELLING 
CRAYFISHES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 
TWO NEW SPECIES 
Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., and Daniel J. Peters 
Abstract.— The ranges, including several scores of new localities, of 15 en- 
tocytherid ostracods infesting burrowing and cave-dwelling crayfishes collected 
in the southeastern United States (most from Kentucky, Tennessee, and West 
Virginia) are summarized. The genera represented are Ascetocy there, Cymo- 
cythere, Dactylocy there, Donnaldsoncy there, Lordocythere, Phymocythere, and 
Uncinocythere. The new Dactylocythere cryptoteresis and Phymocythere lophota 
are described from Upshur and Wirt counties, West Virginia, respectively. 
This study of entocytherids associated 
with burrowing and cave-dwelling crayfish- 
es was prompted by the receipt of some 50 
lots of ostracods from Raymond F. Jezeri- 
nac and G. Whitney Stocker, of The Ohio 
State University at Newark. The specimens 
were retrieved by them from crayfish col- 
lections made from burrows and caves in 
Kentucky and West Virginia. Augmenting 
these lots are a large number of samples 
provided us previously by Raymond W. 
Bouchard, of the Academy of Natural Sci- 
ences of Philadelphia. This report consists 
of summaries of the distributions of the 1 5 
entocytherid species that were obtained in 
the collections made by Jezerinac and 
Stocker; included also are new locality re- 
cords provided by Bouchard and others. 
Two of the species included are previously 
undescribed, Dactylocythere cryptoteresis 
and Phymocythere lophota, both from West 
Virginia. 
As has been pointed out in many previous 
entocytherid studies, most collections have 
been made by students of crayfishes and 
usually all of the specimens collected in a 
locality were preserved together in a single 
container. Consequently only in instances 
in which a single crayfish species was col- 
lected at a locality can one be certain as to 
the host of the ostracods found in the con- 
tainer. Thus all of the crayfishes listed under 
"Hosts" below should be considered "pos- 
sible hosts." Definitely established associ- 
ations with hosts are marked by asterisks 
The synonymies presented include cita- 
tions to the original description, and update 
the synonymies and references cited by Hart 
& Hart (1974) or Hobbs & Peters (1977). 
Among the abbreviations used in listing the 
localities are: Ck = creek, R = river, US 
Hwy = U.S. Highways, Rte = State High- 
ways or Routes, Co. Rd = County Roads, 
cos = counties. In citing the hosts, subge- 
neric names are omitted as are citations to 
their authors and dates, all of which are list- 
ed in a recent checklist of American cray- 
fishes (Hobbs 1989). 
Ascetocythere myxoides Hobbs & Hart 
Ascetocythere myxoides Hobbs & Hart, 
1966:45-46, figs. 2 1-23. -Hart & Hart, 
1974:42-43, pi. VIII, figs. 1-3, pi. XLVII. 
Previously known range. — Reported from 
the Cheat and Potomac basins from only 2 
localities in Randolph County, West Vir- 
ginia (type locality), and Prince Georges 
456 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
County, Maryland. Subsequent collecting in 
the latter locality failed to disclose the pres- 
ence of either the entocytherid or its host, 
and inasmuch as neither has been reported 
to occur in the piedmont or coastal plain 
section of Maryland and neighboring states, 
the latter locality must be questioned. 
New locality records.— West Virginia: 
Grant Co., 4. 1 airmi (6.6 airkm) SW of Stre- 
by on Nat. Forest Rd, 18 Aug 1985, R. F. 
Jezerinac, on Cambarus b. bartonii & C. 
monongalensis. Preston Co., Ditch 1.0 mi 
(1.6 km) N of Brandonville, 10 Sep 1984, 
G. W. Stocker, on C. dubius. Pocahontas 
Co., Roadside ditch and seep 1.0 mi (1.6 
km) S of Thomwood on US Hwy 250, 23 
Jun 1987, GWS, RFJ, on C monongalensis 
and C bartonii carinirostris. Randolph Co., 
E shore of Shavers Fk of Cheat River in 
Monongahela Nat. Forest, 28 Jul 1969, C. 
Adler, S. Arnold, on C monongalensis. 
Pennsylvania: Greene Co., 1.8 airmi (2.9 
airkm) NE of Crabapple, 1 5 Sep 1 984, GWS, 
V. Stocker, on C. monongalensis. 
Hosts: Cambarus b. bartonii, C. b. cari- 
nirostris, C. dubius*, and C. monongalen- 
sis*. This entocytherid is probably restrict- 
ed to the last two species. 
Drainage systems.— ChediX and Guyan- 
dotte basins (to Ohio and Mississippi) and 
perhaps the Potomac basin. 
Ascetocythere riopeli Hobbs & Walton 
Ascetocythere riopeli Hobbs & Walton, 1976: 
393-395, fig. la-d. 
Previously known range.— The Cumber- 
land Basin from only 2 localities in Letcher 
and Pike counties, Kentucky. 
New locality records.— K^entucky: Wolfe 
Co., Roadside ditch 2 mi (3.2 km) S of Rog- 
ers on Big Andy Ridge Rd, offRte 715, 10 
Oct 1987, GWS, RFJ, et al., on C. dubius. 
Breathitt Co., Seep 3.0 mi (4.8 km) NNE of 
Camp Lewis on Rte 30, 16 Apr 1988, GWS, 
RFJ, et al., on C. dubius. 
Host: Cambarus buntingi, C distans, C. 
dubius*, C robustus, and Orconectes rusti- 
cus. As pointed out by Hobbs and Walton, 
1976:396, "it is highly probable that this 
ostracod is confined to [the burrowing] C. 
dubius. " 
Drainage systems. —Big Sandy, Cumber- 
land, Kentucky, and Licking basins (to Ohio 
and Mississippi). 
Ascetocythere sclera Hobbs & Hart 
Ascetocythere sclera Hobbs & Hart, 1966: 
42-43, figs. 15, 16.-Hart&Hart, 1974: 
40-41, pi. VIII, figs. 8-13, pi. XLVIL- 
Hobbs & McClure, 1983:777.-Hobbs & 
Peters, 1991:71-72. 
Previously known range. —Big Sandy, 
Clinch, Elk, Guyandotte, Kanawha, and Po- 
tomac basins in Buchanan, Dickinson, 
Highland, Russell, and Tazewell counties, 
Virginia; and Clay, McDowell, Raleigh (type 
locality), and Wyoming counties. West Vir- 
ginia. 
New locality records. —West Virginia: 
Boone Co., Seep, 4.3 mi (6.9 km) N of Kop- 
perston on Rte 85, 5 Jul 1988, GWS, RFJ. 
Kanawha Co., Kanawha State Forest camp- 
ground, 5 mi (8.5 km) W of Marmet, 8 Oct 
1988, GWS, RFJ. Wyoming Co., Burrows 
along spring in Twin Falls State Park, 7.8 
mi (12.5 km) E of Pineville, 6 Jul 1988, 
GWS, RFJ. Ditch 1 mi (1.6 km) N of 
McGraws on Co. Rd 5, 29 Jul 1988, GWS, 
T. Jones. Cambarus dubius served as the 
host in all of these localities. 
Host.— It is probably restricted to Cam- 
barus dubius. 
Drainage systems. —Big Sandy, Coal, Elk, 
Guyandotte, Kanawha basins (to the Ohio 
and Mississippi); Clinch Basin (to the Ten- 
nessee, Ohio, and Mississippi); and Poto- 
mac Basin. 
Cymocythere gonia Hobbs & Hart 
Cymocythere gonia Hobbs & Hart, 1966: 
51, figs. 36, 37. -Hart & Hart, 1974:44- 
45, pi. IX, figs. 12-14, pi. XLVII.-Hobbs 
& Walton, 1975:15. 
VOLUME 106, NUMBER 3 
457 
Previously known range.— YioXsXon Basin 
from 2 localities in Grainger (type locality) 
and Loudon counties, Tennessee. 
New locality records. —Alabama: Cle- 
burne Co., trib to Henry Ck off Co. Rd 66 
(T15S, RIOE, Sec 26N), 21 Apr 1973, R. 
W. Bouchard, J. D. Way, on C. halli and C. 
striatus. Marshall Co., Trib to Big Spring 
Ck at Co. Rd 12 (T9S, R2E, Sec 28SW), 20 
Apr 1973, RWB, JDW, on C. striatus, Pro- 
cambarus a. acutus, and O. erichsonianus. 
Shelby Co., Peavine Ck in Oak Mt. St. Park 
(T20S, R2W, Sec 8), 24 Mar 1974, RWB, 
J. W. Bouchard, on C striatus, C. acan- 
thura, and P. lophotus. Georgia: Catoosa Co., 
Hurricane Ck above jet with Peters Ck off 
Rte 151, 24 Apr 1968, E. T. Hall, Jr., H. 
H. Hobbs, Jr., on C. extraneus, C. girardi- 
anus, C. striatus, and P. lophotus. Tennes- 
see: Anderson Co., Seepage area on SE side 
of Poplar Ck at Rte 61, 13-16 Mar 1972, 
D. A. Etnier, F. L. Oakberg, on C. deweesae. 
Blount Co., Pitner Ck off Co. Rd 2427, NW 
of Ellejoy, 4 May 1970, D. Walker, on C 
bartonii cavatus, C. longirostris, O. erich- 
sonianus. Swamp on US Hwy 129 approx 
2.5 mi (4 km) N of Rte 72, 27 Apr 1971, 
DAE, on C. acanthura, C. striatus. Tem- 
porary pond at Co. Rd 2423, NE of Mid- 
way, 30 Apr 1970, RWB, on C acanthura, 
C. striatus, C. longirostris. Cocke Co., Bur- 
rows between Del Rio and Harmony Grove 
on St Rte 107, 2 March 1972, RWB, FLO, 
DAE, C. Saylor, J. P. Dewees, on C acan- 
thura. Grainger Co., ditch, 1 mi (1.6 km) N 
of Bean Station on unnumbered Co. Rd, 23 
Jul 1987, GWS, RFJ, D. Chrisman, on 
Cambarus acanthura and C. striatus. Sevier 
Co., Ditch, 3 mi (4.8 km) E of Boyds Creek 
on Rte 338, 31 Mar 1986, GWS, RFJ, on 
C. diogenes. Cove Ck at Co. Rd 2422, SW 
of Pigeon Forge, 22 Apr 1969, RWB, on C 
b. bartonii, C. longirostris, O. erichsonianus 
and O. forceps. 
Hosts. — Cambarus acanthura"^, C. bar- 
tonii bartonii, C. b. cavatus, C. halli, C. di- 
ogenes*, C. longirostris, C. striatus, C. dew- 
eesae. *, Orconectes erichsonianus, O. 
forceps, O. spinosus, Procambarus a. acutus, 
and P. lophotus. 
Drainage systems. — Holston, French 
Broad, and Tennessee basins (to Ohio and 
Mississippi) and Cahaba and Tallapoosa 
basins (to Alabama and Mobile rivers). 
Dactylocythere coloholca Hobbs & Hobbs 
Dactylocythere coloholca Hobbs & Hobbs, 
1970:7, fig. 2.-Hart & Hart, 1974:53- 
54, pi. Ill, figs. 1-5, pi. XLVIIL 
Previously known range. —A single local- 
ity in the Cumberland Basin in Whitley 
County, Kentucky; no subsequent report of 
it has appeared in the literature. 
New locality records. —Kentucky: Breath- 
itt Co., Ditch 1.0 mi (1.6 km) S of Co. line 
on Rte 30, 16 Apr 1988, GWS, RFJ, M. 
Allen, on C. dubius. Morgan Co., Ditch 2.5 
mi ENE of Hazel Green on unnamed Rd 
off Rte 203, 10 Oct 1987, GWS, RFJ, D. 
Chrisman, P. Matesich, on C. dubius. Wolfe 
Co., Ditch in Koomer Ridge National For- 
est campground, campsite No 4, 4.2 mi (6.7 
km) ESE of Slade, 10 Oct 1987, GWS, RFJ, 
et al., on C. dubius. Ditch along Big Andy 
Ridge Rd off Rte 715, 2.0 mi (3.2 km) S of 
Rogers, 10 Oct 1987, GWS, RFJ, DC, PM, 
on C. dubius. Tennessee: Morgan Co., 1 1.6 
mi (18.6 km) E of Grimsley on Co. Rd., 5 
Jul 1969, P. C. Holt, V. F. Hoh, on C. cri- 
nipes and C. sphenoides. Fentress Co., 
Frizsche Ck, about 0.1 mi (0.2 km) E of 
Allardt on unmarked road, 10 Jul 1969, 
PCH, VFH, on C distans. Campbell Branch, 
0.4 mi (0.7 km) NW of jet Rte 52 on un- 
marked road, 10 Jul 1969, PCH, VFH, C 
distans. Virginia: Lee Co., Wallin Ck. 0.5 
mi (0.8 km) W of Scott Co. line on US Hwy 
58, 15 Nov 1970, RWB, JDW, on C lon- 
girostris, C. (C.) sp., Orconectes erichsoni- 
anus. West Virginia: Upshur Co., Burrows 
at jet of Rte 20 and Co. Rd 40/2, 0.2 mi 
(3.2 km) N of Arlington, 26 May 1989, 
GWS, RFJ, on C. diogenes. 
Hosts. —Cambarus crinipes, C di- 
458 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
ogenes*, C. dubius*, C. distans"^, C. longi- 
rostris, C. sphenoides*, C. sp., and Orco- 
nectes erichsonianus. 
Drainage 5V5/e'm5. — Cumberland, Ken- 
tucky, Little Kanawha, Powell, and Ten- 
nessee basins (to Ohio and Mississippi). 
Remarks. —Specimens collected in the lo- 
calities cited above in Morgan and Wolfe 
counties, Kentucky, are somewhat smaller 
than those reported from the type locality by 
Hobbs & Hobbs (1970): ranging from 420 
to 460 {X= 437) Mm in length and 231-259 
{X = 241) ^m in height. In addition, the 
subangular posteroventral margin of the 
shell is sometimes more rounded; of the 3 
teeth on the preaxial border of the clasping 
apparatus, only the most proximal is well 
developed; and the accessory groove in some 
of the specimens almost reaches the level 
of the dorsal extremity of the spermatic loop. 
Dactylocythere crawfordi Hart 
Dactyl ocyt here crawfordi Hart, 1965:255, 
figs. l,2.-Hart&Hart, 1974:55, pi. XIII, 
figs. 10-13, pi. XLIV.-Hobbs & Mc- 
Clure, 1983:776.-Hobbs& Peters, 1989: 
327; 1991:67, 71. 
Previously known range.— GtqbX Miami, 
Little Miami, Muskingum, Ohio, Scioto, and 
White basins in Decatur, Marion, and White 
counties, Indiana; Auglaise, Clinton, Frank- 
lin, Jackson, Licking, and Logan (type lo- 
cality) counties, Ohio; and Mason County, 
West Virginia. 
New locality records.— (The host was 
Cambarus diogenes unless otherwise not- 
ed.) Kentucky: Christian Co., Creek in Per- 
ryville State Park off Rte 109, Apr 1969, J. 
E. Pugh, D. J. Peters, HHH. Taylor Co., 
Ditch 1.0 mi (1.6 km) SW of Mannsville on 
Rte 70, 25 Mar 1987, GWS, RFJ, on Cam- 
barus diogenes and C. ortmanni. Ohio: Erie 
Co., Ditch, 3.2 mi (5.7 km) SE of Castalia, 
9 Oct 1983, J. Norrocky; Miller Rd, % mi 
(1 km) E of Rte 99, 29 Oct 1983, JN; Ditch 
on Wahl Rd just E of White's Landing, 15 
Mar 1984, JN. Jackson Co., 2.8 mi (4.5 km) 
NNE of Jackson, 1 May 1983, GWS, RFJ, 
R. F. Thoma. Ottawa Co., 8.1 mi (12 km) 
NE of Clinton, 10 Oct 1983, JN, on Orco- 
nectes rusticus. Perry Co., ditch 2.75 mi (4.4 
km) WSW of Coming, 3 Sep 1 983, JN. Pond 
bank 8 mi (12.8 km) SE of New Lexington, 
3 Sep 1983, JN. Sandusky Co., W side of 
White's Landing, Sec 4, between Rts 277 & 
283, 11 Dec 1983, JN, on F. fodiens. 1 mi 
( 1 .6 km) S of White's Landing, 22 Nov 1983, 
JN. Ditch 2 mi (3.2 km) NNW of Vickery, 
20 Feb 1984, JN, on F. fodiens. 
Hosts. — Cambarus diogenes*, C laevis, 
C. ortmanni, F. fodiens*, Orconectes s. san- 
bornii, and O. rusticus*. 
Drainage systems. —White Basin (to Wa- 
bash and Mississippi); Little Basin (to Cum- 
berland, Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi); 
Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Rac- 
coon, Licking-Muskingum, Hocking, Ka- 
nawha, and Green basins (to Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi); and Lake Erie Basin. 
Dactylocythere crena Hobbs & Walton 
Dactylocythere crena Hobbs & Walton, 
1975:14, figs. 2a-f. 
Previously known range.— Y^iov^n from 
only the type locality in the French Broad 
Basin, in Loudon County, Tennessee. 
New locality records. —Through an over- 
sight, Hobbs and Walton did not cite the 
two following localities from which they had 
specimens: Tennessee: Blount Co., Banks of 
little Tennessee River between Harrison 
Branch and Tallasee at Rte 72 and US Hwy 
129, 26 Apr 1970, DAE, on C. striatus. 
Temporary pond at Co. Rd 2423, NE of 
Midway, 30 Apr 1970, RWB, on C. acan- 
thura, C. striatus, C. longirostris. An addi- 
tional record was recently obtained in Se- 
vier Co., 3 mi E of Boyds Creek on Rte 338, 
31 Mar 1986, GWS, RFJ, on C diogenes. 
Hosts. —Cambarus acanthura, C. di- 
ogenes*, C. longirostris, and C striatus*. 
Drainage systems.— YxQwch. Broad and 
Little Tennessee basins (to Tennessee, Ohio, 
and Mississippi). 
VOLUME 106, NUMBER 3 
459 
Fig. 1. a-c, Dactylocythere cryptoteresis, n. sp.; d, e, Phymocythere lophota, n. sp. (a, e, Copulatory complex 
of paratypic male; b, d, Shell of holotypic male; c, Shell of allotypic female). 
Dactylocythere cryptoteresis, new species 
Fig. la-c 
Diagnosis.— yidi\Q with eye pigmented and 
located about 0.2 shell length from anterior 
margin. Shell (Fig. lb) ovate with greatest 
height slightly posterior to midlength where 
1.3 times height at levels of eye. Margin 
entire, lacking emarginations and promi- 
nences and nowhere angular. Submarginal 
setae absent dorsally and more abundant 
anterodorsally and posteroventrally. Shell 
length of males 413-448 {X = 425, n = A) 
Mm; shell height 224-238 {X = 229, n = 4) 
jum. 
Copulatory complex (Fig. 1 a) with arched 
peniferum gently rounded ventrally and 
meeting cephalic margin in acute angle. Ac- 
cessory groove reaching or almost reaching 
dorsal extremity of spermatic loop. Clasp- 
ing apparatus with horizontal and vertical 
rami disposed at angle of about 70 degrees, 
subequal in length but thickening and merg- 
ing imperceptibly in area of junction. Dorsal 
ramus entire, lacking shoulder on cephalic 
margin, comparatively thick, and weakly 
sinuous. Horizontal ramus with gently 
curved, entire postaxial margin; preaxial 
margin irregular and bearing 2 reduced 
(sometimes almost indescemible) teeth; apex 
of ramus with 4 acute, reflexed subapical 
denticles. Finger guard rather obscure but 
massive, short, and apparently unsclero- 
tized. Dorsal and ventral fingers unremark- 
able. 
Triunguis female. — Triunguis female with 
pigmented eye located 0.2 shell length from 
anterior margin. Shell (Fig. Ic) ovate with 
slight concavity ventrally just anterior to 
midlength; greatest height short distance 
posterior to midlength where almost 1.4 
times height at level of eye. Margins entire 
and nowhere angular. Submarginal setae as 
in male. Shell length 420-441 (^ = 431, « 
= 7) Mm; shell height 259-280 {X = 270, n 
= 7) Mm. (Unfortunately several of the fe- 
males became fragmented in remounting the 
specimens.) 
Genital complex consisting of bulbous 
tuberculiform lobe situated posterodorsally 
and projecting cephaloventrally; lacking 
J-shaped rod and amiculum. Slender tub- 
uliform pendant, which frequently previ- 
ously identified (perhaps mistakenly) as part 
of female genitalia, lying immediately an- 
terior to lobe. 
Type locality. —Crayfish burrows in ditch 
460 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
at junction of Rte 20 and Co. Rd 40/2, 0.2 
mi (3.2 km) north of Arlington, Upshur Co., 
West Virginia. This locality, sampled on 26 
May 1989 by G. W. Stocker and R. F. Jez- 
erinac, is in the Little Kanawha River basin. 
Disposition of types. —The holotypic male 
and allotypic female are deposited in the 
National Museum of Natural History 
(Smithsonian Institution), USNM 260072 
and 260073, respectively. Paratypic males 
are in the collection of H. H. Hobbs III, 
Wittenberg University, and the Smithson- 
ian Institution. 
Host. — Cambarus dio genes. 
Entocytherid associates. —Dactylocy there 
coloholca. 
Relationships. —Dactylocythere crypto- 
teresis seems to have its closest affinities 
with those members of the genus in which 
the females lack an amiculum and is more 
similar to D. coloholca than to the others. 
The rounded posteroventral margin of the 
shell, the thickened junction of the rami of 
the clasping apparatus of the male, the re- 
duced size of the teeth on the preaxial bor- 
der of the horizontal ramus, and an acces- 
sory groove reaching dorsally to about the 
level of the dorsal extremity of the sper- 
matic loop will distinguish this ostracod 
from its relatives. 
Etymology.— G. crypto = hidden + ter- 
esis = guard; alluding to the difficulty in 
discerning the limits of the finger guard in 
males of this species; noun in apposition. 
Dactylocythere daphnioides (Hobbs) 
Entocythere daphnioides Hobbs, 1955:325, 
figs. 1-9. 
Dactylocythere daphnioides.— Hart, 1962: 
1 30. -Hobbs, Holt, & Walton, 1 967:42. - 
Hart & Hart, 1974:56, pi. XIV, figs. 1-5, 
pi. XLVIII.-Hobbs & Peters, 1977:27, 
29-30, 41, 50, 52, 57, 72, fig. 10; 1989: 
324, 327-329. 
Previously known range.— In describing 
this ostracod, Hobbs (1955) reported ma- 
terial that covered most of the currently 
known range. Hobbs, Holt, & Walton (1967: 
42) cited a few new localities and described 
its range as extending "from the Watauga 
drainage system in Avery and Watauga 
Counties, N.C.; the New River system from 
Alleghany and Ashe Counties, N.C., to Po- 
cahontas County, W. Va.; and the Pound 
drainage system in Dickerson County, Va." 
In their monograph. Hart & Hart (1974:56) 
added a number of new localities among 
which are four (those from Kentucky, Mis- 
souri, Clay and Fentress counties, Tennes- 
see) in need of confirmation. The most re- 
cent additions to the range was presented 
by Hobbs & Peters (1977:28, 72) who cited 
32 "localities in the Mountain and upper 
Piedmont provinces [of North Carolina] in 
the headwaters of the Pee Dee [Yadkin], 
Catawba, Little Tennessee, French Broad, 
Nolichucky, Watauga, and New rivers." Ex- 
cluding the questioned localities mentioned 
above, this entocytherid ranges through the 
upper Pee Dee, and Catawba basins of North 
Carolina, the Tennessee River basin above 
Walden Gorge, headwaters of the Big Sandy 
River in Virginia, and throughout much of 
the Kanawha Basin. 
New localities. —Beca.use it has not been 
reported previously from subterranean wa- 
ters, we cite the three following localities: 
West Virginia: Greenbrier Co., General Da- 
vis Cave (37°45'20"N, 80°33'15"W), 9 Sep 
1989, GWS et al., on C. nerterius. McClungs 
Cave (37°52'52"N, 80°23'24"W) 9 Sep 1989, 
GWS, D. Hemmerly, TJ, on C. nerterius. 
Pocahontas Co., Cave Creek Cave 
(38°12'12'^N, 80°08'40"W), 20 Jul 1989, 
GWN, RFJ, TJ, on C. bartonii carinirostris. 
Hosts. — Cambarus acuminatus, C. as- 
perimanus, C. b. bartonii*, C. b. cariniros- 
tris*, C. chasmodactylus*, C. dubius*, C. 
longirostris, C. longulus, C. nerterius*, C. 
reburrus, C. robustus*, C. sciotensis*, C. ve- 
teranus, Orconectes s. sanbornii* and O. s. 
erismophorous* . 
Drainage systems.— ScdiXXQXQd localities 
in headwater tributaries of the Catawba and 
Little Tennessee rivers in North Carolina 
VOLUME 106, NUMBER 3 
461 
and Tennessee northward, in tributaries of 
the Tennessee, Pee Dee, Big Sandy, and New 
rivers, northward to the Greenbrier River 
in Pocahotas County and Little Kanawha 
Basin in Wirt County, West Virginia. 
Dactylocy there macroholca Hobbs & Hobbs 
Dactylocythere macroholca Hobbs & Hobbs, 
1970:9, fig. 3. -Hart & Hart, 1974:62, pi. 
XVI, figs. 6-10, pi. XLIX.- Hobbs & 
Walton, 1977:606, 609. -Hobbs & Pe- 
ters, 1989:326, 327-329; 1991:64, 69. 
Previously known ra«g^.— Known fi*om 
only 9 localities in the Barren, Cumberland, 
Kentucky, and Licking basins in Allen, Bath, 
Madison, and Mason counties, Kentucky; 
and Fentress, Hawkins, and Pickett coun- 
ties, Tennessee. 
New localities. — Seventeen new localities 
have come to our attention in this study. 
Indiana: Randolph Co., Ditch 1 .4 airmi (2.2 
airkm) SSE of Lynx on Co. Rd 700s, 1 May 
1986, GWS, RFJ, on Cambarus diogenes. 
Kentucky: Cumberland Co., Roadside ditch 
at intersection of Rts 912 & 704, 24 Mar 
1987, GWS, RFJ, DH, on C striatus and 
C (Jugicambarus) sp. Grayson Co., Bear Ck 
at Grayson Springs, 7.4 mi (1 1.8 km) N of 
Peoria on Rte 226, 1 1 Apr 1973, J. E. Pugh, 
G. B. Hobbs, HHH, on C tenebrosus. War- 
ren Co., Stream 4.4 mi (7 km) SB of Butler 
Co. line on US Hwy 23 1, 1 1 Apr 1973, JEP, 
GWH, HHH, on C. graysoni, C. tenebrosus, 
C. diogenes, and O. putnami. Stream 4.4 mi 
(7 km) SE of Butler Co. line on US Hwy 
231, on C. diogenes, C. striatus, C. tenebro- 
sus, and O. putnami. Tennessee: Cannon 
Co., Brawley's Fk off Co. Rd 4323 S of Cur- 
lee, 28 Mar 1971, RWB, JDW, on C. gray- 
soni, C. sp., and O. placidus. Clay Co., Hur- 
ricane Ck at Rte 52 in Oak Grove, 24 Dec 
1968, RWB, W. C. Stames, on C graysoni, 
C. tenebrosus, O. compressus, and O. put- 
nami. Big Trace Ck in Hermitage Springs 
at Rte 52, 1 1 Mar 1968, RWB, WCS, on C 
graysoni, C. rusticiformis, O. compressus, 
and O. putnami. Hurricane Ck at Rte 52, 
Oak Grove, 20 Mar 1972, RWB, JDW, on 
C graysoni, C. tenebrosus, O. compressus, 
and O. putnami. Davidson Co., Sevenmile 
CkatCo.Rd6158inOglesby,27Marl971, 
RWB, JDW, on C. graysoni, C. tenebrosus, 
O. shoupi, and O. sp. DeKalb Co., Dry Ck 
at Co. Rd 4360 off US Hwy 70, S of Dow- 
elltown, 9 Nov 1968, RWB, WCS, on C. 
friaufl, C. graysoni, C. tenebrosus, and O. 
placidus. Hawkins Co., Approx 3 mi (4.8 
km) S of Kyle's Ford on Rte 70, 25 Sep 
1971, RWB, DAE, FLO, CS, on C. dubius. 
Lawrence Co., Little Shoal Ck in Davey 
Crockett St Park off^ US Hwy 64, 27 Oct 
1973, RWB, JWB, on C. girardianus, C. 
graysoni, C. (Hiaticambarus) sp., O. spi- 
nosus, and O. forceps. Macon Co., Stream 
about 300 m E of Sumner Co. line at Rte 
52, 24 Dec 1968, RWB, WCS, on C. gray- 
soni, O. compressus, and O. putnami. Put- 
nam Co., Falling Water River off US Hwy 
70N, NW of Rocky Point, 30 Jul 1969, 
RWB, R. Sayrs, A. Gnilka, on C. graysoni, 
C. rusticiformis, C. tenebrosus, and O. pla- 
cidus. Smith Co., Trib of Snow Ck in Elm- 
wood off US Hwy 70, 23 Mar 1971, RWB, 
JDW, on C. friaufl, C. graysoni, C. tenebro- 
sus, and O. sp. Sumner Co., Bledsoe Ck at 
US Hwy 23 1 -3 1 E and Rte 6, N of Boze, 24 
Mar 1971, RWB, JDW, on C graysoni, C. 
tenebrosus, O. placidus, and O. sp. Caney 
Fork Ck at Rte 52, E of Portland, 17 Aug 
1969, RWB, on C. graysoni, C. tenebrosus, 
O. compressus, O. placidus, and O. sp. 
Hosts. — Cambarus batchi*, C. diogenes*, 
C. dubius*, C. friaufl, C. girardianus, C. 
graysoni, C. laevis*, C. rusticiformis, C. 
striatus, C. tenebrosus*, C. (Hiaticambarus) 
sp., C (Jugicambarus) sp., C. sp., Orco- 
nectes compressus, O. forceps, O. placidus, 
O. putnami, O. shoupi, O. spinosus, and O. 
sp. 
Drainage systef7is.— The range includes 
segments of the following river basins: Ten- 
nessee (including the Holston), Cumber- 
land, Barren-Green, Kentucky, Licking, and 
Whitewater (to Ohio and Mississippi riv- 
ers). 
462 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
Dactylocythere myura Hobbs & Walton 
Dactylocythere myura Hobbs & Walton, 
1970:859, figs. 2e, f, 3e, f, h.-Hart & 
Hart, 1974:64, pi. XVII, figs. 11-14, pi. 
XLIX. 
Previously known ranges.— Only 2 local- 
ities in the South Fork of the Holston River 
basin in Smith and Washington counties, 
Virginia. 
New locality. —Tennessee: Sullivan Co., 
Roadside ditch 11.9 mi SW of Tennessee- 
Virginia line on US Hwy 11, 13 Sep 1969, 
RWB, on C. dubius. Virginia: Washington 
Co., Along Garrett Ck, 1.5 mi (2.4 km) S 
of Holston on Co Rd 1 1 , 9 Aug 1 984, GWS, 
RFJ, on C. dubius. Ditch 1.2 mi E of Bow- 
den on US Hwy 33, 10 Apr 1986, GWS, 
RFJ, on C. dubius. 
Host. — Cambarus dubius. 
Drainage systems. —SouXh Fork of Hol- 
ston River Basin (to Tennessee River). 
Dactylocythere prionata (Hart & Hobbs) 
Entocythere prionata Hart & Hobbs, 1961: 
174, figs. 15-17. 
Dactylocythere prionata Hart, 1 962: 1 30. — 
Hart & Hart, 1966:5; 1974:66, pi. XVIII, 
figs. 11-13, pi. XLIX. 
Previously known range. -Caves and 
springs in the Barren, Cumberland, and 
Kentucky basins of Jackson, Pulaski, and 
Warren counties, Kentucky. 
New locality r^cor^^. —Kentucky: Pulaski 
Co., Stream flowing into Sloan's Valley 
Cave, 5 Apr 1969, JEP, DJP, HHH, on C. 
tenebrosus. Taylor Co., 1 mi (1.6 km) SW 
of Mannsville on Rte 70, 25 Mar 1987, 
GWS, RFJ, on C diogenes and C. ortmanni. 
Wayne Co., 3 caves: 2 at Rte 92 in Elk Spring 
Valley between Rte 776 and Oil Valley, and 
another at Rte 92, NW of Coopersville, 9 
Apr 1971, RWB, on C. tenebrosus. Oldham- 
Trimble COS., Pattons Ck, 2 mi (3.2 km) NW 
of Sligo, 19 Apr 1980, J. A. Thoma, RFJ, 
M. McCluskey, on C diogenes, C. ortman- 
ni, C. ornatus, and O. rusticus. Tennessee: 
Clay Co., Hurricane Ck on Rte 52 at Oak 
Grove, 20 Mar 1972, RWB, on C. graysoni, 
C. tenebrosus, O. compressus, and O. put- 
nami. Scott Co., Marsh at Kentucky-Ten- 
nessee state line on US Hwy 27,9 Apr 1971, 
RWB, DAE, on C diogenes, and C striatus. 
Hosts.— Cambarus diogenes, C. graysoni, 
C. ornatus, C. ortmanni, C. striatus, C. te- 
nebrosus*, Orconectes australis packardi*, 
O. compressus, O. putnami, and O. rusticus. 
Drainage systems. —Cumberland, Bar- 
ren-Green, Kentucky and Ohio basins. 
Donnaldsoncythere donnaldsonensis (Klie) 
Entocythere donnaldsonensis Klie, 1931: 
334, figs. 1-9. 
Donnaldsoncythere donnaldsonensis. — Hart, 
1 962: 1 31.- Hart & Hart, 1974:78-79, pi. 
XXIII, fig. 6, pi. L.- Hobbs & Walton, 
1976:396, 399, 403; 1977:603, 606, 609, 
612.-Hobbs & Peters, 1977:22, 24-25, 
30, 33, 38, 41, 44, 50, 52, 55, 57, 69 fig. 
21; 1982:300. 307, 308, 311,312 (fig. 7); 
1989:325, 326, 327-328; 1991:67, 69, 70- 
72, 73, 74.- Hobbs &McClure, 1983:772, 
776, 777, 778. 
Donnaldsoncythere hiwasseensis. —Hobbs 
& Walton, 1975:10, 12, 13, 18, 19.-Pe- 
ters, 1975:iii, 5, 7-8, 10, 14, 19-20, 22, 
25-31, 33-34, 46. 
[For a complete synonymy, see Hobbs & 
Peters (1977:43-44); only references to lo- 
calities that have been recorded subsequent 
to those hsted by Hart & Hart (1974) are 
included here.] 
This ostracod occurs so commonly (and 
on such a wide range of ecologically diverse 
crayfishes) throughout its known range— ac- 
cording to Hobbs & Peters 1 977:44, "north- 
em Georgia to Indiana and Maine"— that 
there seems little reason to cite new local- 
ities that do not extend the currently rec- 
ognized limits of its distribution. New re- 
cords that have come to our attention 
include those in Kentucky: Breathitt, El- 
liott, Magoffin, Morgan, and Wolfe cos, on 
C dubius; Virginia: Washington Co., on C. 
dubius; and West Virginia: Boone, Braxton, 
Greenbrier, Kanawha, Mercer, Pocahontas, 
VOLUME 106, NUMBER 3 
463 
Randolph, Wirt, and Wyoming cos, on C 
carinirostris, C. dubius, C. monongalensis, 
and C nerterius. 
Hosts,— For reasons pointed out above, 
listing the large number of hosts here seems 
a bit excessive. One might anticipate that it 
probably infests all crayfish species occur- 
ring within its range. 
Drainage 5'y5/^w5.— Atlantic Basin: Sa- 
vannah, Santee, Pee Dee, Roanoke, James, 
York, Potomac, Susquehanna, Delaware, 
Hudson, and St. Francis; Gulf of Mexico 
Basin: Coosa, Tennessee (all tributaries 
above and including the Sequatchie and in 
the Elk and Duck), Cumberland (wide- 
spread), Ohio (from headwaters and south- 
em tributaries to Whitewater basin in In- 
diana). St. Lawrence Basin: Lake Erie basin 
eastward to northern Maine. 
Lordocythere petersi Hobbs & Hobbs 
Lordocythere petersi Hobbs & Hobbs, 1 970: 
11, 16, fig. 9a-Ki.-Hart & Hart, 1974: 
103, pi. XXX, figs. 4-7, pi. LIIL- Hobbs 
& Peters, 1977:58-59, fig. 30; 1991:72. 
Previously known range.— Four localities 
in the Cumberland, Emory, and Hiwassee 
basins in Whitley Co., Kentucky (type lo- 
cality), Cherokee Co., North Carolina, and 
Morgan and Scott counties, Tennessee. 
New locality records.— Kentucky: Knox 
Co., G. R. Hampton Elementary School 
grounds on Rte 1 1 in Barbourville, 1 Apr 
1986, GWS, RFJ, on C diogenes. 
Hosts.— Cambarus acanthura*, C. di- 
ogenes*, C. dubius, C. nodosus*, and C. 
sphenoides. 
Drainage ^y^^^m^.— Cumberland, Emo- 
ry, and Hiwassee basins (to Tennessee and 
Mississippi rivers). 
Phymocythere lophota, new species 
Fig. Id, e 
Diagnosis.— yi2\Q with eye pigmented and 
located slightly less than 0.2 shell length from 
anterior margin. Shell (Fig. Id) subovate, 
shallowly excavate ventrally anterior to 
midlength; greatest height about 0.6 shell 
length from anterior margin where 1 .4 times 
height at level of eye. Margins entire, lack- 
ing emarginations and prominences. Sub- 
marginal setae absent dorsally but rather 
evenly distributed along other borders. Shell 
length 399-406 {X = 404, n = 3) ixm; shell 
height 217-224 {X = 219, n = 3) ixm. 
Copulatory complex (Fig. le) with peni- 
ferum arched F)osteriorly, swollen ventrally 
and with ventral emargination resulting in 
bilobed appearance, swollen anteroventral 
area with crest and produced anteriorly in 
subacute, sclerotized, beaklike prominence 
disposed anterodorsally. Long inverted 
U-shaped penis situated in swollen area, its 
basal part situated in posterior lobe and 
apex, which directed anteroventrally, lying 
in anterior lobe. Clasping apparatus 
L-shaped with vertical ramus tapering and 
joining horizontal ramus in gentle curve 
rather than at angle; latter ramus increasing 
in size distally and bearing 4 small reflexed 
subapical denticles; both rami otherwise 
unadorned. Finger guard tapering from 
swollen base but slightly compressed and 
troughlike apically. Ventral finger strongly 
curved caudally at about 1 00 degrees at end 
of basal two-fifths; dorsal finger unremark- 
able. 
Triunguis female. —Unknown. 
Type locality. —SX2indm%sXonQ Creek at 
bridge on Co. Rd 3, 2.8 mi (4.3 km) NE of 
Cherry, 4.1 mi (6.6 km) ESE of Elizabeth, 
Wirt Co., West Virginia. This creek is in the 
Little Kanawha River drainage. The spec- 
imens were collected by G. W. Stocker and 
R. F. Jezerinac on 7 Oct 1988. 
Disposition of types. —The holotypic male 
is deposited in the National Museum of 
Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), 
USNM 260074. Paratypes are in the col- 
lection of H. H. Hobbs III, Wittenberg Uni- 
versity and the Smithsonian Institution. 
Host. — Cambarus monongalensis. 
Entocytherid associates. —Donnaldson- 
cy there donnaldsonensis. 
Range and specimens examined. — Known 
only from a single collection, consisting of 
4 males, made in the type locality. 
464 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
Relationships.— This is the second spe- 
cies to be assigned to the genus Phymocy- 
there. It differs from Ph. phyma in possess- 
ing an anterodorsally directed acute 
prominence on the swollen, crested, bilobed 
ventral part of the peniferum. 
Etymology.— G. lophos = crest; lophotos 
= crested (lophotus-a-um) adj.; alluding to 
the crest and acute prominence on the an- 
tero ventral part of the peniferum. 
Phymocythere phyma (Hobbs & Walton) 
Entocy there phyma Hobbs & Walton, 1 962: 
42, figs. 10-13. 
Cymocythere phyma. —Hart, 1 962: 1 29. 
Phymocythere phyma. —Hobbs & Hart, 
1966:48-49.-Hobbs& Walton, 1966:7; 
Hobbs, Holt, & Walton, 1967:46. -Wal- 
ton & Hobbs, 1971:88. -Hart & Hart, 
1974:1 10, pi. XXXII, figs. 7-9, pi. LIIL- 
Hobbs & McClure, 1983:777. 
Previously known range. —TwelvQ local- 
ities in the Big Sandy, Cheat, James, New 
(Kanawha), Potomac, and Tygart basins in 
Craig, Giles, and Rockingham counties, 
Virginia; and Greenbrier, McDowell, Pen- 
dleton, Randolph, and Summers counties. 
West Virginia. 
New localities.— West Virginia: Green- 
brier Co., U.S. 219 Cave, 7 Jul 1989, GWS, 
RFJ, on Cambarus nerterius. General Davis 
Cave, 1 mi (1.6 km) NW of Fort Spring, 9 
Sep 1989, GWS, DH, TJ, S. Van Luik, on 
C. nerterius. Wades Cave 3.2 mi S of Max- 
welton, 9 Sep 1988, GWS, DH, TJ, on C. 
b. carinirostris. Monroe Co., Steeles Cave 
(37°33'52''N, 80°33'00''W), 8 Sep 1989, 
GWS, DH, TJ, on C. b. carinirostris and O. 
virilis. McDowell Co., Panther Ck, 5 mi (8 
km) S of Panther, 19 Jun 1981, RFT, on C. 
dubius, C. sciotensis, Cambarus sp., and Or- 
conectes sp. 
Hosts. — Cambarus b. bartonii*, C. b. car- 
inirostris*, C dubius, C. nerterius*, C. ro- 
bustus, C sciotensis, C sp., Orconectes spi- 
nosus, O. virilis and O. sp. 
Drainage systems.— Big Sandy, Cheat, 
Greenbrier, New, and Tygart basins (to 
Ohio), James, and Potomac basins (to At- 
lantic Ocean). 
Uncinocythere zancla Hobbs & Walton 
Uncinocythere zancla Hobbs & Walton, 
1963:456-457, figs. 1-3. Hart & Hart, 
1966:8; 1974:140-141, pi. XXXVIII, figs. 
10-12, pi. LVII.-Hobbs& Walton, 1976: 
397(?); 1977:606. 
Previously known range. —Hart and Hart 
(1974: 141) cited the localities (29, however, 
the three records from North Carolina and 
Georgia were based on misidentifications) 
and hosts (14, however, three must be de- 
leted for the reason just given) known for 
this entocytherid at that time. Subsequently 
1 1 more localities, involving 1 1 additional 
hosts, became known. Of these, we have 
been unable to confirm the locality cited by 
Hobbs & Walton (1977) reporting this os- 
tracod from Sevier Co., Tennessee, on 
Cambarus carolinus; inasmuch as this lo- 
cality is somewhat removed from the other 
known localities, and the host is not oth- 
erwise known to harbor this ostracod, nei- 
ther the locality nor the host appears in the 
summary below. The record in Carter Co., 
Kentucky, cited by Hobbs and Peters (1 989: 
326, 327, 328, 329) was based on the mis- 
identification of specimens of U. simondsi 
(Hobbs & Walton, 1960). Until now, the 
species was known to be widespread in the 
Cumberland, Duck, and Elk basins, and a 
few localities were recorded in the north- 
ward flowing segment of the Tennessee Riv- 
er. Localities had been established in Adair, 
Allen, Hardin, and Hart counties, Ken- 
tucky; and Cannon, Davidson, DeKalb, 
Dickson, Fentress, Franklin, Hickman, 
Humphreys, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marshall, 
Maury, Perry, Pickett, Putnam, Rutherford, 
Wayne, Williamson, and Wilson counties, 
Tennessee. As pointed out by Hobbs & Pe- 
ters (1977:63) the published records for 
North Carolina were based on misidentifi- 
cations. 
New localities. —More than 100 addition- 
al localities are now known from Adair, Al- 
VOLUME 106, NUMBER 3 
465 
len, Grant, Grayson, Hardin, Hart, Logan, 
Madison, Taylor, and Warren counties, 
Kentucky; and Bedford, Clay, Cannon, 
Cheatham, Clay, Coffee, Davidson, De- 
Kalb, Dickson, Fentress, Giles, Hickman, 
Houston, Humphreys, Lawrence, Lewis, 
Lincoln, Macon, Marshall, Maury, Mont- 
gomery, Overton, Pickett, Putnam, Rob- 
ertson, Rutherford, Smith, Stewart, Sum- 
ner, Trousdale, Wayne, Williamson, and 
Wilson counties, Tennessee. 
Hosts.— Barbicambarus cornutus, Cam- 
barus bartonii bartonii, C. b. cavatus, C. 
brachydactylus, C. carolinus, C. crinipes, C. 
cumberlandensis, C. diogenes, C. dubius, C. 
friaufi, C. gentryi, C. girardianus, C. gray- 
soni, C. ortmanni, C. robustus, C. rustici- 
formis, C. striatus*, C. tenebrosus, Orco- 
nectes barrenensis, O. compressus, O. 
erichsonianus, O. forceps, O. i. inermis*, O. 
mirus, O. placidus*, O. putnami*, O. rhoad- 
esi, O. rusticus, O. shoupi, O. spinosus, and 
O. sp. 
Drainage systems. —Tennessee Basin be- 
tween mouth of Sequatchie River and 
northward flowing segment (including the 
Elk, and Duck watersheds), and Cumber- 
land (including the Harpeth), and Green 
river systems. 
Acknowledgments 
We extend our thanks to Raymond F. 
Jezerinac and G. Whitney Stocker, as we do 
to Raymond W. Bouchard, for making 
available to us most of the material studied 
and to other collectors cited among the new 
locality records. We are also grateful to the 
three just named for furnishing us with the 
identifications of the hosts and for com- 
ments on the manuscript. For their con- 
structive criticisms of this work, we extend 
appreciation to C. W. Hart, Jr., of the 
Smithsonian Institution, and H. H. Hobbs 
III, of Wittenberg University. 
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(HHH) Department of Invertebrate Zo- 
ology, National Museum of Natural His- 
tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 
D.C. 20560, U.S.A.; (DJP) York High 
School, 9300 George Washington Highway, 
Yorktown, Virginia 23692, U.S.A.