Mr. Templeton on some undescrihed exotic Crustacea. 185 
XLI. Descrij^tioiis of some undescrihed exotic Crustacea. 
By Robert Templeton, Esq., R.^., Sfc. 
[Read 1st June, 1835.] 
The following pages contain notices of a few of the minuter Crus- 
tacea which were picked up either at Mauritius or on the way 
thither ; they are interesting from their either presenting new forms, 
or adding species to those genera of which European species alone 
have been yet detected. A considerable number yet remain unex- 
amined, which I hoj)e will prove sufliciently interesting to form the 
subject of another memoir. 
Artillery Barracks, Woolwich, 
May, 1835. 
Anisopus dubius. pi. XX, fig. 1, 
Greenish, dotted over with reddish brown specks. Head large, 
subquadrangular, carrying 4 antennae, the superior nearly as long 
as the body, and exceeding in length by about one fifth part the in- 
ferior ; the 1st joint is minute, the 2nd large and thick, the 3rd elon- 
gate, nearly cylindric, and wanting the little process which charac- 
terizes the true Gammari, 4th joint multiarticulate, tapering. The 
inferior antenna has the 2nd and 3rd joints, subequal, much longer 
than any of those of the superior, and the remaining similar, but of 
smaller dimensions. Both antennje are spiny or hairy. The tho- 
racic rings are narrow, and extend inferiorly into j^lates concealing 
the upper part of the 5 anterior pairs of legs. Those of the abdo- 
men are much larger and end in a 4-articulated tail, with a jointed 
stylet on each side proceeding from the inferior posterior angle of 
the ultimate and penultimate articulations. The first pair of legs is 
extremely minute and terminates in a simple claw, the 2nd much 
longer, as are the 3 succeeding pairs, and terminates in joints 
slightly dilated, the last carrying a tolerably strong curved claw. 
The 3rd pair has the last joint very much dilated, subtriangular, not 
toothed, but bearing a very strong curved claw ; the posterior edge 
is waved and hairy. The 2 succeeding pairs of legs resemble the 
1st pair except in their greater size ; but the 6th and 7th pairs, of 
nearly equal dimensions, exceed all the anterior legs in being both 
much longer and much more robust, and besides differ in having the 
coxae very much dilated, and the last joint of each leg clavated, sur- 
mounted by two blunt teeth, and a large dentuted curved claw di- 
186 Mr. R. Templeton's Descriptions of 
rected forwards. Immediately behind these legs arises, from the in- 
ferior part of each joint, the bifurcate articulated appendages which 
are called fin-feet ; so that all the rings of the body have either 
true or fin feet or styles articulated to them, in this respect diflfer- 
ing from all hitherto noticed genera. 
This species swims with considerable rapidity and has all the 
habits of our common European marine Gamtnari. Its size is about 
^th of an inch, and its colour subject to but little variety, being of 
a greenish tint more or less brownish in the specimens I have ex- 
amined. In its generic characters the great and disproportionate 
length of the 2 last pairs of feet, the fin-feet arising from the suc- 
ceeding joints, and the appearance presented by the antennae, which 
are much longer than in the contiguous genera, at once distinguish 
it. The claws also oflfer distinctions. 
Fig. 1. a, The animal magnified. 
b, The last joint and claw of the 6th pair of legs. 
The feet of one side only are figured, to prevent misconcep- 
tion or confusion in the drawing?. 
Thaumalea depilis. Plate XX. fig. 2. 
Erythrocephalns melanophthalmus ? Tilesius, Neue Ann. Wetter- 
ausch. i. p. 6. pi. xxi. a. fig. 5. 
Body hyaline, with a few dark specks, especially along the edges 
of the abdominal plates or rings. The head is quadrangulai, not 
large ; the eyes deeply imbedded in it ; front retracted inferiorly, 
from about its middle arise the superior antennae, which are short 
and tumid ; 1st joints short, forming together a truncated cone on 
which rests the elongate spindle-shaped 4th joint. The inferior an- 
tennae arise from the inferior part of the frontal surface ; they are 
much smaller than the superior, composed of 4 joints, of which the 
1st is small and obconic, the remainder in length subequal, the last 
conic. The body swells out to about the 5th ring, when it again be- 
comes gradually reduced in size and ends in a bifurcate articulated 
tail. There are only 6 legs apparent, the 2 first jiairs being very 
short and apparently without claws, the 4 posterior pairs of about 
equal length, tapering, and with slender slightly curved claws. From 
the abdominal joints proceed bifurcate articulated appendages, but, 
as well as the whole animal, apparently devoid of hairs. 
This minute species swims but badly, having none of the celerity 
of motion so conspicuous among the Gammari, to which it bears re- 
semblance in its form. It differs from every genus I am acquainted 
with, in the antennae, in the relative dimensions of the legs, the 
some undescrihed exotic Crustacea. 187 
elongate and undilated form of the tarsal joints, and in the claws. 
I confess my inability to allot to it its proper place among the mi- 
nute Crustacea, the differences being in fact more conspicuous than 
qualities by which its affinities to any one genus can be traced. It 
was found off Port Natal, in the summer of 1835, in lat. 37° S. and 
21° East, while I was searching for Zoea in the sea- water. It is 
about -^th of an inch in length. 
Fig. 2. a, The animal greatly magnified. 
b, One of the inferior antennae. 
Anofherura minutissima. Plate XX. fig. 3. 
Cyclops ecornis } Tilesius, Neue Ann. Wetterausch. i. p. 7. pi. xxi. 
b. fig. 15. 
Dark greenish. The head very large, with two minute spines in 
front curving downwards over the base of the superior antennae . Su- 
perior antennae of about -j^rd of the length of the body, with two ra- 
ther elongate joints about their middle ; the rest short, and some 
of them spiny or hairy. Inferior antennae with the apical joint re- 
sembling a straight claw, the preceding joint being contracted 
posteriorly at its middle and furnished with short thick hairs. Be- 
neath the head project two pairs of legs, the 1st with the joints 
hairy and successively smaller until they reach the tarsus, which is 
dilated, ovate, and furnished with a claw directed forwards. The 
last pair of legs is much larger and longer; 1st joint short and 
thick ; next elongate, a little contracted near its middle, and having 
projecting from its distal head immediately in front of the articula- 
tion a toothed spine which presents a most singular appearance ; the 
3rd joint is also elongate, not so thick, contracted beyond its middle, 
and spiny along the back ; the 4th is about of equal length, and car- 
ries a set of curved spines and a claw. The 4 thoracic (?) annuli 
are successively smaller, and furnished with bifid appendages at- 
tached to lateral toothed plates, or processes from the rings ; and the 
tail is composed of six joints, numerously articulated and bifid at its 
extremity, and stands straight up at right angles to the line of di- 
rection of the body when the animal is at rest. The body is never 
rolled up in a ball and is quite opake. It is about V^th of an inch 
long. It was found among marine plants. 
Fig. 3. a, The animal magnified. 
Plexocera mirabilis. Plate XX. fig. 4. 
Body and large joint of the antenna black. Head white or hyaline. 
Eyes sessile. Antennae large, elongate, composed of 5 joints ; the 
first two subequal, and apparently subdivided or partially subdivided ; 
188 Mr. R. Templeton's Descrijjtiojis of 
the 3rd nearly as long as both taken together, spindle-shaped, and 
supporting the extreme joints, which are reniform, closing upwards or 
forwards on each other as the finger does into the palm of the hand, 
the apical joint having two long hairs arising from its tip. The 
anterior leg (?) with two elongate joints projecting beyond the facial 
plates, the tip surmounted by two hairs. Second leg with a large 
dilated tarsus, and a strong claw directed forwards, closing on the 
tarsus during each sweep of the leg with a snapping motion, rapid 
and very peculiar. The third pair of legs resembles in every re- 
spect the first pair, excepting that it is more profusely furnished 
with hairs at the tip. From the three succeeding abdominal an- 
nuli proceed inferiorly 4-articulated appendages or fin- legs, elongate 
and hairy, especially at the tips ; and between these and those of the 
opposite side curves forwards the tail, which terminates in a thin an- 
giQated hyaline process. 
This singular little animal swims with great rapidity, the antennar 
being widely separated, and their apical joints almost in perpetual 
motion, seizing apparently on objects so minute as to escajDe my no- 
tice. When at rest the tail and posterior legs were folded in, and 
the antenn?e downwards, so that the animal resembled a ball, a pe- 
culiarity noted by Risso in his genus Typhis ; there were here how- 
ever no thoracic plates beneatli which they could be concealed. The 
snapping spring-like motion, M^ith Avhich it moved the claw of the 
second pair of legs struck me as very peculiar, and as indicative of 
a degree of vivacity which is rather rare among the smaller CrustaceOy 
as they usually seize upon objects with an appearance of delibera- 
tion and dread, the result most probably of dear-bought experience^ 
Fig. 4. a, Natui-al size. 
b, The animal as it appears when swimming. 
c, A very magnified view. 
d, The tail. 
e, e\ The last joints of the antennae, exhibiting the apical stretcfied out 
and fokled in upon the other. 
/, The claw of the second pair of legs, with the tarsus on which it plays, 
Cerapus {Say) abditus, Plate XX. fig. 5, 
Brownish, antennee and legs paler. Body elongate, composed of 
about 14 rings, including the head and tail, the latter having about 
3 joints. The head is large, subtriangular, most dilated anteriorly, 
a minute rostrum projecting forwards between the superior antennae. 
The eyes are nearly sessile and smooth. The front is almost verti- 
cal and gives origin to four nearly equal antennae ; the superior ta- 
pering, about |rds as long as the body, has three joints of nearly 
so)7ie undescribed exotic Crustacea. 189 
equal lengths, and a fourth 5 - articulate about as long as the two 
which precede it. Of the three the 1st is somewhat thicker, and 
perhaps shorter than the two succeeding. The inferior antenna has 
the 1st joint very short, thick, and somewhat conical, and the 2nd 
and 3rd much longer and thicker than the corresponding joints 
of the superior, the apical remaining part, or 4th joint, being but 
very slightly longer than either ; it also is composed of five joints. 
Both sets of antennae are hairy, the hairs arising from the inferior 
surface in a double row, and becoming longer as they approach the 
apex of each of the first three joints ; in the remaining part they are 
short, in threes or fours, and more resembling spines than hairs. Be- 
tween the antennae stand obliquely upward two palpi, each composed 
of two elongate filiform joints, the extreme with a very long brush 
of hairs. Lower down we find three joints of another (maxillary ?) 
palpus, the extreme joint being very minute, nearly as long, but not 
so rotund as that upon which it rests, and not so hairy. The joint 
supporting the head is small, appearing like a neck, and gives origin 
to no legs. One pair however arises immediately in front of it from 
the after part of the head, whose basal joints are small, the two 
apical longer, more dilated and angulated, the angles giving rise to 
pencils of hairs. From the inferior part of the apex, which is trans- 
versely truncated, arises a short much-curved claw, not fitted into 
any perceptible fissure in the under part of the joint. The 2nd pair 
of legs arises from the 2nd ring from the head, and has the penulti- 
mate joint extremely large, subquadrangular, with a large tooth pro- 
jecting from the inferior posterior angle, and another smaller from 
between it and the surface of articulation of the last joint. The 
last joint arches over the above-mentioned teeth, and has a strong 
hooked claw, arising from the inner side of the apex. The last pair 
of legs have the same number of joints as those described, but they 
are devoid of peculiarity, being subequal and tolerably cylindric. 
From the 8th annulus arises on each side one of those bifid hairy 
appendages or fin-feet which are common to the Gammari. They 
difi^er in no essential point from the appearances presented by them 
in that tribe ; but from the inferior posterior part of the same ring, 
and partially concealed by a lateral plate, is to be found on each 
side a distinct leg, closely resembhng the third pair, but want- 
ing the claw, a minute joint with a tuft of hairs replacing it. The 
two succeeding annuli each offer one of these last, but they become 
successively smaller and more filiform. 
The entire animal is about ^th of an inch long, exclusive of the 
antennae, and it presents some peculiarities, with one exception. 
190 Mr. R. Templeton's Descriptions of 
unique in this family. It has formed for itself or seized upon a little 
membranous tube, nearly ^th of an inch long, which does not re- 
semble the case of Tichtlaria, but seems composed of a series of rings, 
and resembles in texture the papyritious covering of the pendulous 
wasps'-nests. It is perfectly cylindrical, of a brown colour, and 
opake. When disturbed the little animal retires within this tube, 
the tips of the antennae alone appearing, with which it continues to 
investigate its neighbourhood ; and whenever the feeling of perfect 
security prevails, it comes out as far as the second or third ring from 
the head, the antennae being perpetually in motion, extended to the 
right or left, or as if lashing the objects about it. When it wishes 
to change its place it seizes with its clav/s the little fragments of 
sea- weed about it, and dragging, urges itself forward. I have never 
seen it dash itself through the water by any mode similar to that of 
the Gammari; and I should infer that the tube was its natural place 
of residence from the want of legs or fin-feet at the middle rings, in 
which it differs from C. tubularis of Say, that author figuring a re- 
gular succession of both. I have observed the tail slightly pro- 
truded, and the members which are sketched as attached to adjoin- 
ing rings used as feelers. While watching it, which I did for some 
hours, I was exceedingly surprised and amused to find it disappear- 
ing from one end of the tube, and reappearing like magic at the 
other, having doubled itself up towards its belly in the passage, but 
with such quickness, considering the narrow calibre of its mansion, 
that I could hardly credit my eyes but that it had two heads, and 
indeed a gentleman who was in the pavilion with me at the time 
could not be persuaded to the contrary. The animal however 
scarcely remained a second at this extremit5% but shot back to the 
one it had formerly occupied ; and during the time I watched it I 
never saw it remain permanently at it, or rather I should say for a 
longer period than a second, or second and half at furthest. The 
maxiUae resemble those of Scolopendra, but are very minute, and I 
believe the smaller palpi arise from them or a very closely adjoining 
part, but vision is so indistinct in so small an object as to make me 
hesitate in affirming this. The circulation of the blood was di- 
stinctly visible in the antennae, and the globules, unlike those I had 
hitherto examined, were rotund and of comparatively large dimen- 
sions. From the upper part of the head a spine, with a very dilated 
base, extends forwards to between the roots of the superior antennae. 
The eyes were black, with a pale encircling ring. The head brown, 
dotted with white, especially behind ; and the antennae pale, annu- 
lated imperfectly with reddish brown. 
some undescrihed exotic Crustacea. 191 
Fig. 5. a, The tube, of its natural size. 
b, The animal out of its tube. ~ 
c, The animal as it appears in its tube. 
d, The head seen above, showing the palpi. ^ 
e, The superior antennae. -~ 
e', The tip of the same antennae. 
f, The inferior antennae. 
/', The tip of the inferior antennae on the same scale. 
g, The palpus standing obliquely upwards. 
h, The (maxillary?) palpus which is attached to the parts of the moutli. 
i, The first pair of legs. 
j, The two ultimate joints with the claw of the second pair of legs, 
/f. The supplemental legs arising from the joints immediately preceding 
the tail. 
Caprella {Lam.) scaura. Plate XX. fig. 6. 
Pale brown. Body linear. Superior antennae twice as long as 
the inferior : the 1st joint thick, contracting a little towards its apex ; 
2nd elongate, obpyriform ; 3rd very slender and waved ; 4th equally 
long, with minute spines arising from teeth or elevations on the in- 
ferior surface, beyond its middle subarticulated. Inferior antennae 
with the first 2 joints minute ; 3rd elongate, and similar in form to 
the 2nd of the upper antennae ; 4th of about the same length, waved, 
and, as well as the last, with a double series of hairs arising from 
the inferior edge, and increasing in length as they approach the 
apex of the joint; 5th not so long, tapering, spiny, and articulate. 
Eyes sessile, compound, in an irregular arch behind the root of the 
inferior antennae. Head rotund, with an occipital spine, and a pair 
of feet, 5-jointed, attached behind: a triarticulate claw-bearing pal- 
pus projects in front. The joint of the body which supports the 
head is long, cylindrical in the middle, but swollen out at the extre- 
mities. The second joint of the body is much the longest, tumid 
posteriorly, and giving attachment at the thickest part to a very elon- 
gate slender pair of legs. The 1st joint very long and waved, 2nd 
and 3rd minute ; 4th dilated, especially in the middle, hairy, with two 
toothlike processes inferiorly and a large dentate claw articulated to 
its apex. The two next joints of the body are shorter and rather 
thicker than the anterior, and have attached, a little beyond their 
middle, at a part which juts out, two vesicular appendages, which are 
narrow, ovate, and scarcely so long as the joint from which tliey ori- 
ginate. The three last joints give attachment posteriorly to three 
pairs of legs, successively longer, monodactyle and hairy ; the 1st leg 
has five joints, the 2nd six, and the last four. Two small spines 
arise from near the base of the ultimate joint in each leg. 
From the tip of the antennte to the claw of the hind leg measures 
192 Mr. R. Templeton's Desc7uptiotis of 
about one inch. The animal is very slow and deliberate in its mo- 
tions. It was found among marine plants at Riviere Noir, Mau- 
ritius. 
Fig. 6. a. The animal magnified. 
b, The anterior part of the head, showing the anterior pair of legs and 
the palpus. 
c, Extremity of superior antenna. 
Caprella {Lam.) nodosa. Plate XXI. fig. 7. 
Pale brown, with a darker longitudinal line marking the position 
of the intestinal canal. Head very short, the separation from the 
1st joint being only distinguishable by a minute dark dorsal line ; 
the eyes black and smooth, not apparently compound : superiorly the 
head is furnished with a small blunt spine curved forwards. Supe- 
rior antennae longest : 1st and 2nd joints robust, elongate, and al- 
most ever porrect, the greatest amount of motion taking jilace at 
the articulation between the 2nd and 3rd joints ; the 3rd is shorter, 
somewhat obconic, and supports the remaining joint, which is taper- 
ing, multiarticulate, the subdivisions being nearly of equal lengths, 
and furnished with a few short, often articulated, blunt spines to- 
wards their distal extremities. The three first joints have similar 
processes, but they are not confined to this latter 2)osition. The infe- 
rior antenna is in length about one third less ; in other respects it 
bears a considerable degree of similarity to that just described. As 
far as I could observe, the animal has a double set of palpi, but pro- 
jecting so little beyond the buccal plates as to be scarcely distin- 
guishable ; the hook and one joint of the inferior was alone porrected 
sufficiently to be sketched. The 1st joint of the body is short, per- 
forming the office of a neck, and has arising from the head imme- 
diately in front of it a small leg, precisely similar to that attached to 
the anterior part of the succeeding joint, and of which a more mag- 
nified sketch is given. The 2nd joint of the body is longer than the 
head and 1st joint taken together, but both are so extremely shox-t 
as to distinguish this from all other authenticated species. In some 
specimens this joint and some of the others have two or three small 
processes in groups, moveable and occasionally articulated, project- 
ing from the back. The 3rd and 4th joints of the body are rather 
elongate, and each has a flat pyriform vesicular appendage articulated 
to it, within whose edge is distinctly to be seen a large vessel carry- 
ing blood ; the globules are oval, and easily to be distinguished pass- 
ing across the appendages in wavy lines with irregular velocity, 
pausing sometimes as if stagnated, and again urged forwards until 
they mingle in the stream, returning along the posterior edge of the 
sotne rindescrihed exotic Crustacea. 198 
appendage. Leach and Desmarest consider these as rudimentary- 
feet, while Latreille looks upon them as branchi?e. There seem no 
laminae or offsets from them passing into the water, and in delicacy 
or transparency they are not in the least different from the legs or an- 
tennae, so that I am inclined to concur in the correctness of the former 
of these opinions. In the females, between the pairs of appendages, 
and extending from the anterior inferior extremity of the third seg- 
ment of the body to the posterior part of the fourth, is to be found 
a complicated apparatus, which Bosc calls " un ovaire tres volumi- 
neux lorsque la fecondation est operee." Its essential parts consist 
of three mobile plates ; one placed anteriorly, and arising by an ar- 
ticulation from the anterior inferior part of the 3rd joint, is most ex- 
ternal, and permits the posterior edge of the second plate to project 
a little from beneath it. The lateral edges of this plate are mem- 
branous, and continued into the exterior covering of the sides of the 
3rd and 4th joints, or into little lateral plates occupying the same 
position, so that a free motion is allowed on the anterior extremity 
as a centre, towards the belly of the animal, and producing a sliding 
motion over the other two plates. The second plate is narrower, 
lies beneath the first, and covers the apical half of the third or pos- 
terior plate. The third has similar attachments to that first de- 
scribed from the posterior part of the fourth joint, but has its lateral 
or superior edge, unlike it, irregularly waved, and extended as far 
forwards as the vesicular appendage to the 3rd joint. These plates 
are continually in motion, moving like a hinge on their basal extremi- 
ties, and sliding over each other against the contiguous plate, as the 
free edges were made to approximate or recede from the belly of the 
animal. I succeeded in abstracting a number of young from the 
cavity, which is perhaps capable of holding a dozen or fifteen. They 
were not inclosed in a shell, being probably beyond the period re- 
quired for their sojourn in the egg. Tliey were however rolled up 
in a little oval ball, the legs and antennaj being all turned in. The 
fleshy opake part of their body was at a tolerable distance within 
the hyaline membrane forming the exterior covering of the body, 
especially in the legs and antennae, where it appeared occupying the 
centre of the joints like a little heap of dark globules. The joints 
were proportionably shorter and thicker, but equally numerous as in 
the adult state. At this period respiration was going on, for I saw 
the plates forming the ovary in continual motion, the water gliding 
in and out as the plates were moved with the sliding motion over 
each other. The edges of the plates are fimbriated to prevent the 
escape of the minute ova, and at the same time to admit of free pas- 
sage to the water ; and the blood was distinctly seen penetrating 
194 Mr. R. Templeton's Descriptions of 
through vessels; which traverse the plates principally in a longitudi- 
nal direction. Of the remaining segments of the body the fifth was 
by far the largest and had several clusters of the little processes no- 
ticed above ; and to its distal extremity was attached a leg com- 
posed of five hairy joints, the last having a strong hooked claw. The 
next segment was smaller, but with a much larger leg, and the last 
smallest of all, and with by far the largest pair of legs, and a little 
subtriangular process placed between and above their attachment. 
This species of Caprella is found in considerable numbers among 
the marine plants at Mauritius ; it is about -^th of an inch long, and 
moves with considerable velocity through the water. It is not vo- 
racious, never follows any of the smaller Crustacea to seize on them, 
but contentedly devours the very minute ones which chance throws 
in its way. The specimens vary a little in the appearance of the 
joints. 
Fig. 7. a, Animal magnified. 
h, Part of the second and remaining joints of tlie superior antennae. 
c, Last joint of the inferior antennae. 
d, Second leg. 
e, Second joint of that leg seen obliquely. 
/, Ovary. / 1, Anterior part of the third joint. /2, Fourth joint. The 
arrow shows the direction of the current of blood. 
g, The young ; the joints equally numerous as in the adult, but propor- 
tionally shorter and thicker. 
h. The fimbriated margin of one of the plates seen from below. 
Sapphirina (Thompson) fulgens. Plate XXI. fig. 8. 
(Syn. Oniscus fulgens, TUesius, Neue Ann. Wetterausch. i. p. 10. 
pi. 213. fig. 24. Sapphirina Indicator, Thomps. Zool. Researches, 
pi. 8. fig. 2.) 
Minute, hyaline, but usually returning a most beautiful ultra- 
marine blue tint, or transmitting the supplementary colour; ovate. 
Head large ; eyes two, central, brick-coloured, with a darker middle; 
antennae two, spiny, triarticulate (?), small, the last joint alone pro- 
jecting beyond the head. Body composed of eight segments, the 
most anterior as broad as the head, from thence gradually diminishing 
in extent as they approach the posterior extremity of the animal ; 
last ring arched, furnished with a small hairy scale or appendix on 
each side ; fin-legs numerous. 
This little animal moves very slowly through the water, having to 
depend entirely on the fin-legs for its progress ; but the brilliancy of 
its tints makes it an object of great attraction, and leads the observer 
to suppose its size much greater than it really is ; at a depth of five 
or six feet it seems as large as a shilling, and still larger at night. 
some undescribed exotic Crustacea. 195 
when it becomes luminous. It was found in great numbers in calm 
weather oiF the southern peninsula of Africa. 
Fig. 8. a, Tlie animal magnified. 
Calanus (Leach) Arietis. Plate XXI. fig. 9. 
Pearly blue, purplish interiorly. Elongate-ovate, narrowed slightly 
anteriorly. Head small, quadrate, seemingly formed of a central 
part containing a deeply immersed rufous eye, and two lateral parts 
forming the roots of two extremely large antennae. Antennae curved, 
multiarticulate, spiny, the penultimate and preceding joint being 
furnished with two rather long spine-like processes directed back- 
wards, and carrying numerous acute ciliae, which, as in Beroe and 
Cestus, are perpetually in motion, throwing out iridescent tints. 
Behind the head the body is irregularly tumid, and gives origin be- 
neath to three pairs of robust, somewhat clavate legs, carrying nu- 
merous long waved spines or hairs. The fin-legs could not be ob- 
served, from the minuteness of the animal rendering vision obscure; 
they seemed however pretty numerous. The last segment of the 
body was concave posteriorly, and supported the tail, which was 
about half the length of the body, and dilated posteriorly, the seg- 
ments having on each side an obtuse process descending and covering 
the articulation with the next segment laterally. The last joint had 
on each side a quadrangular appendage, with long curved spines, 
and internally a valvular part was observed to expand and contract 
with extreme regularity, like the dorsal vessel of some insects. 
This minute species, which unquestionably belongs to the genus 
Calanus of Leach, was detected in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. 
The- ciliaj at the extremities of the antennae are extremely curious, 
and I believe not to be found in other species of the same genus ; but 
I have not lately had an opportunity of examining G. longicornis, 
from which this differs in many other respects. 
Fig. 9. a, Calanus Arietis, magnified. 
h, Portion of one of the ciliated spines. 
c, The form of the posterior edge of the caudal segments. 
d, The anterior leg, in one specimen. 
Cyclops ? (Midler) laticauda. Plate XXI. fig. 10. 
Hyaline ; the eyes, which are separate, and minute dots along the 
dorsal plates rufous. Head very large. Antennae very short and 
spiny, three irregular joints only, projecting beyond the head ; first 
segment of the body as broad as the head, rest diminishing in width, 
last angulate posteriorly ; first and second caudal segments smaller 
than the third, which is nearly semicircular in outline ; three poste- 
196 Mr. R. Templeton's Descriptiojis of 
rior similar in form, but of smaller, size ; the ultimate with two rather 
large spined appendages. The first segment with a curved process, 
terminated by two spines or hairs on each side, (Male generative 
organs ?) 
In considerable numbers off the Cape, June, 1835. No variety in 
form or appearance. 
Fig. 10 fl, Animal magnified. 
b, Right antenna. 
Cyclops (Mull.) obesicornis. Plate XXI. fig. 11. 
Ovate, somewhat variable in colour, but usually dark green with 
reddish streaks. Eye red, single, deejily immersed ; antennae very 
large, geniculate, multiarticulate, the basal articulations not clearly 
defined, an irregular transverse line alone marking their position ; 
spiny, one very remarkable in every specimen curving forwards from 
the angle : palpi (.'') slender and very hairy. Tail tapering, bifurcate, 
and terminated by a number of spines, of which two are rather con- 
spicuous from their length. 
The antennae of this species are usually dark reddish, in palei; spe- 
cimens they assume a pale pink, but differ in none in the slightest 
degree in form. They are found in considerable numbers in a little 
rivulet which crosses a part of M. Geneve's property at Riviere Noir, 
Isle of France. 
Fig. 11, a, C. oheslcornis magnified. 
b, The left antenna. 
Cyclops (Mull.) longispina. Plate XXI. fig. 12. 
Ovate, hyaline or slightly pinkish. Exceedingly minute. Eye 
pink, diffused, deeply immersed. Antenna; moderate in length, 
rather robust, armed with a tooth-like process arising from the second 
joint, and with a spine partially concealed by it. Tail not dilated, 
with a few long spines proceeding from the bifurcate apex, one ex- 
tremely long, and repeatedly jointed from about its middle. The 
palpus robust, tapering, composed of three subequal basal joints, and 
a longer and more slender apical one furnished with three diverging 
hairs. 
This beautiful little animal was exceedingly common in the water 
in which the last was detected ; its size, the process of the antennae, 
and the long spines of the tail sufficiently distinguish it from every 
hitherto described species. 
Fig. 12, a, C. longispina, magnified. 
b, Right antenna. 
c, Right palpus. 
d) Left division of the tail. 
some undescrihed exotic Crustacea. 197 
Cyclops (^Miiller) similis. Plate XXI. fig. 13. 
C. captivus ? Mul. 
Blueish or brownish. Eyes and a dash on each side of the head and 
first annulus of the body red. Body ovate, a circular scale termi- 
nating it posteriorly, and from whence arises a diminutive tail, as in 
the other species, spiny. The eyes are double, each kidney-shaped, 
the facets looking outwards and a little forwards. Antennae about 
half the length of the body, many-jointed, with hairs or spines, espe- 
cially towards the tip, those passing backwards being the longest. 
The palpus was waved, the penultimate joint minute, the rest elon- 
gate, and the tip terminated by a set (5) of bi- or tri-articulated hairs, 
curved and moveable on the palpus, their appearance leaving me still 
in doubt whether they should not be accounted claws. I believe the 
animal used them as organs of prehension, from the mode in which 
they were moved about. The outer edge of the last joint of the legs 
is dentate, the teeth blunt. 
This species approaches so nearly to the description and figure of 
C captivus of Miiller, that singular as would appear the extensive 
range of the animal through the ocean, I hesitate considerably in re- 
fusing to refer it to his synonymy. One of the females had a little 
cluster of eggs, each hyaline with a pink centre, beneath the tail ; 
they were about forty in number. The animal was found among 
marine plants at Mauritius. 
Fig. 13, a, Magnified figure. 
h. Left antenna. 
c. Right palpus. 
d. Tip of the palpus. 
e. The eyes. 
Cyprts {Mull.) ARisTATA. Plate XXII. fig. 14. 
Green, elongate, dorsum arched, beneath slightly concave, poste- 
rior extremity protuberant, anteriorly furnished with minute spines. 
Antennae 5-jointed, long bristles arising from the 3 terminal joints. 
Posterior pair of legs furnished with a long claw directed forwards, 
anterior pair with four claws, one being toothed and attached to a 
minute joint which terminates the leg. 
In fresh water among Charce and Conferva, Mauritius. 
Fig. 14, a, C. aristata, magnified. 
b, View from above. 
c, Enlarged view of the spines anteriorly. 
d, Left antenna. 
e, Last joint of hind leg, witli the claw. 
/, Fore leg. 
g, Tip, showing the minute joint and the toothed claw. 
VOL. I. PART III. Q 
198 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Hahits 
Cypris (Midi,) MucRONATA. Plate XXII. fig. 15. 
Ovate, green, one variety feruginous, scaly posteriorly vv^ith a mi- 
nute aculeus curving upwards. Anterior legs with three subequal 
claws ; posterior with short not much curved claws. Motion very 
slow. 
This minute species was found with the last. 
Fig. 15, a, C. mucronata, magnified. 
b, The aculeus. 
c, One of the claws on the hinder legs. 
XLII. Notes upon the Hahits of various British Insects. 
By J. O. Westwood, F.L.S., Sfc. 
[Read August 3, 1835.] 
The science which the entomologist cultivates may justly be deemed 
one of the most interesting of pursuits, constantly affording, as it 
does, fresh matter for gratification ; for it fortunately happens that 
should he be unsuccessful during his rambles in the capture of objects 
of rarity, he has at command the means of endless observation upon 
the habits of those which do fall in his way, and which, from the com- 
paratively little hitherto recorded, will delight him if new, and will 
not tire him, if even already noticed. 
In some of my recent excursions, when tired with my walk and 
" heated in the chase," I have seated myself on some soft turfy spot 
near the residence of some of the sand- wasps, and have amused my- 
self with watching their various employments. 
Ammophila hirsuta first attracted my attention. The specimen was 
a female engaged in constructing her nest ; she was very busily em- 
ployed scratching in the sand with her fore legs, and soon formed a 
hole about a third of an inch deep. Whilst thus engaged I placed 
myself as near to her as possible ; on withdrawing her head she 
discovered my proximity to her, when creeping upon a little stone 
close by, she reconnoitred and then flew away. I lost sight of her 
for some time, but on proceeding to the next sand-bank I found her 
flying about, and as she soon quitted this spot I fancied she might 
have returned to her old quarters, which I found to be the case on 
my returning there. In this manner we continued to play at hide- 
and-seek with each other for several times, until I fairly drove her