COMATULTr»AE. 1 To NOTE XXXV. THE COMATULAE OF THE LEYDEN MUSEUM. BY P. HERBERT CARPENTER, M. A. The Coma^?i^a-collectioii of the Leyrlen Museum is one of considerable importance , owing to its containing a large proportion of the types of the species described by Johan- nes Muller in his classical memoir'), »Ueber die Gattung Comatula Lam. und ihre Arten." MüUer's descriptions, however, are notoriously incom- plete, and have undergone no revision since their publi- cation nearly forty jears ago, during which time a very large number of Comatulae have been discovered. Some of these have been referred with more or less success to one or other of Müller's species , but without careful compari- son with his types no accurate specific determinations have been at all possible. When I visited the Leyden Museum last autumn for the purpose of examining the seven types of Müllerian species wliich it contains , I was not surpri- sed to find a number of other Comatulae in the collection. Thanks to the good offices of my friend Dr. Hubrecht , to whom I am indebted for many acts of kindness , the whole of the foreign (7o;«rtiu/a-collection numberiug twenty- five specimens was sent over to my laboratory at Eton , in order that I might study it in more detail than was pos- 1) Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849. pp. 387—265. Notes from tlie Leytleii ÜVIuseuin , Vol. III. 17 i coNrATi.'i.inAE. sible during a short visit to the Museum. For this act of liberality on the part of the Director , Dr. Schlegel , I would here express my heartiest thanks. Besides Antedon rosacea and Ant. Eschrichtii of ih.e Euro- pean seas, the collection includes ten species of Antedon from the Eastern seas. Two of these, Ant. elongata , and Ant. flagellata are the original types of Müllerian species ; while a third belongs to Ant. carinata Lam. sp., the types of which are at Paris and Berlin. The remaining seven species are new, though they present but little variety of type. Four of them have only ten arms , and the other six all belong to one simple type in which the rays divide three or four times, each division consisting of two joints, the axillary without a syzygy. The genus Actinometra is represented by a type speci- men of Act. salaris Mull, which seems to have been sub- sequently described and figured as Comatula hamata by Kuhl and van Hasselt '). There are also nine other species including the types of C. timorensis, C. japonica, C. No- vae Guineae and C. Bennetti all of which , except the last , are now referred to the genus Actinometra for the first time. Simple ten-armed forms with the two outer radials not united by syzygy as they are in Act. salaris, are con- spicuous by their absence , as is usual among the Actino- metrae of the Eastern Seas; but in every type the rays divide more than once and the first division consists of three joints, the axillary with a syzygy. In two of the nine species there is no further division of the rays , while the remaining seven fall into two groups. "In the one group which includes but two species, the second and subsequent ray-divisions consist of two joints only which are united by a syzygy, as are also the second and third radials: while in four of the five remaining species the second and 1) Iferklots, J. A., Echinodormcs peiutes d'après nature par les soins Je Kuhl , van Hasselt et Sal. Muller (1868), Arastenlani. Bijdrage tot de Dierkunde, IX, 18G9, p. 10, Pi. IX. ISToles li'om the I^oyclen TVIiiseuiii, Vol. III. (■■OMA'l'UI.II'AK. •I 75 1. perspmo-'^a. 2. carinnta Lam. subsequent ray divisions all resemble the first. Tlie fifth species is peculiar; the third and fifth divisions resemble the first, but the second and fourth consist of only two joints without a syzygy. The statements just made are tabulated in the accomp- anying Key to the species described in the following pages. Family Comatulidae. I. Mouth central or subcentral: anus excentric '). Ambulacra spotted with sacculi. Oral pinnules not provided with a terminal comb. Genus Antedon, de Frem. A. Ten arms. X. 60 overlapping cirrhus-joints . /3. Less than 30 cirrhus-joints. I. Arm-joints compressed and keeled. ....... II. Arm-joints rounded. 1. Second radials closely uni- ted laterally. Second brachials have a strong backward projec- tion into first brachials. 3. pinmformiK. 2. Second radials not united laterally. Second brachials without backward projection . . 4. serripinvn. B. Rays may divide three or four times; each division of two joints, the axil- lary without a syzygy. X. Later cirrhus joints spiny. I. Rays in close contact; the lower joints of their outer arms flattened laterally . Lower pinnules stout. 5. flagelldta. Mus. Leyd. 1) The generic diffureuces between Antedon and Actmometra are given in more detail in my First Report on the Comaiulae dredged by the U. S. Coast Snrvey. See the Ball. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. IX, n» 4. Cambridge, Ü. S.18S1. Notes from the Leyden IVIuseum, Vol. III. d7C COMATUr.lDAE. II. Rays well separated. Lower pinnules slender . 6. elongata. Mus. /3. Later cirrhus-joints not spiny. Leyd. I. Pinnule on sixth brachial larger than that on fourth brachial 7. himaculata. II. Pinnule on fourth brachial larger than that on sixth brachial. 1. Lower pinnules not specially stiff. Smooth wedgeshaped arm joints with forward projec- tions alternately on opposite sides. a. Second radials much lon- ger at sides than in the middle. Rays in close con- tact; outer joints of pri- mary arms flattened later- ally 8. hremcuneata. b. Second radials scarcely longer at sides than in the middle. Rays well sepa- rated 0. laevicirra. 2. Lower pinnules stiff" and sty- liform. Arm-joints bluntly wedge- shaped' without forward pro- jections 10. splcata. n. Mouth more or less excentric ; anus subcentral. No sacculi at sides of ambulacra. Oral pinnules provided with termi- nal combs Genus Actinometra Mull. A. Second and third radials united by syzygy. IN'ote.s frona the Ijeyden ïMii-«euin, Vol. III. COMATULinAE. 17" oi. Ten arms .'S. Many arms. Rays may divide five times or more. First di- vision of 3 joints , the axil- lary with a syzygy. Subse- quent divisions of two joints united by syzygy. I. Centrodorsal bears func- tional cirrhi II. Centrodorsal stellate, with- out functional cirrhi . B. Second and third radials united by ligament. Many arms. First ray division of three joints, the axillary with a syzygy. X. Rays divide three times. Sub- sequent divisions like the first. I. Lower pinnules large and massive II. Lower pinnules not spe- cially stout. 1. 50 cirrhi. First two ra- dials concealed. Axil- laries long with sharp distal angle .... 2. Not more than 25 cirrhi. 3 radials visible. Axillaries have wide an- g^e /3. Rays may divide five times or more. I. Third and fifth ray-divisions like the first. Second and fourth divisions of two joints, the axillary with- out a syzygy !N"otei5 from the Leyclen Museum 11. Solaris Lam. 12. Novae Ouinede. Mus. Leyd. 13. typica Loven. 14. robusiipinna. 15. japonica. Mus. Leyd. 10. parvicirra. Mull. 17. alternans. , Vol. in. d78 AXTF.ÜON l-'i:i!SlMN'OSA. II. All ray-divisions like the first. 1, Rays ill close contact: the joints flattened la- terally as far as the third axillary 18. ScldegeUi. 2. Rays more or less se- parated. Lower joints not flattened. a. 50 cirrhi of 25 une- qual joints . . . 19. Bennetti. Mus. h. 25 cirrhi of about 30 Leyd. tolerably equal joints. 20. Peronii. I. Antedon de Freminville. 1811. 1. Antedon. perspinosa , n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal discoidal , bearing upon its margin about 20 long and slender cirrhi. These are composed of about 60 joints, the lowest of which are slightly longer than broad. Each joint in the lower and middle parts of the cirrhus expands towards its distal end so as to overlap the base of the next joint , and its edges are fringed with small spines. This overlap gradually disappears on the ventral side of the later joints , and becomes gradually replaced on the dorsal side by two small spines near the middle of each joint. In the terminal joints these spines become smaller and closer together, and the penultimate one bears a single larger spine in opposition to the ter- minal claw. The first radials are partially visible ; the second twice their length , nearly oblong , and quite free laterally : the axillaries pentagonal with a wide distal angle and nearly twice the length of the second radials. The middle line of their apposed edges is marked by a slight spiny tuber- Notes from the Leydeii MuseiiMi, Vol. III. ANTEDON PRR.SPIXOSA. 171) cle, and there is a similar but less marked one on the junction of the first and second brachials. Arms ten , of 150 -)- joints. First brachials rhomboidal , almost completely united laterally; the second longer and more wedge- shaped. These two joints and the axillaries have irregular blunt processes on their outer edges. The next four or five joints are transversely oblong. The following ones longer, sharply wedgeshaped, and overlapping. Towards the ends of the arms they become blunter and squarer. The raised distal edges of all the joints are fringed with short spines. The first syzygium is on the third brachial, and the next is usually on the seventh or eighth brachial. After this the syzygial interval may be from three to eighteen joints, being usually three or four joints in the lower parts of the arms, and six or seven joints in their outer portions. The lower pinnules are stiff and styliform, con- sisting of about fifteen long, cylindrical, and overlapping joints with expanded and spiny distal edges. That on the fourth brachial is slightly longer than that on the second; and the following ones gradually diminish in stoutness and stiffness, but increase in length and in the number of joints. Those on the outer parts of the arms reach nearly twenty millim. in length and consist of about thirty elongated joints with expanded distal ends bearing nu- merous spines, the outermost of which are much longer than the rest. Disc naked and much incised ; 7 mm. in diameter. Spread, about 30 centim. Colour, dark reddish brown: sacculi moderately close along the pinnule ambulacra. Locality. The Island of Jobie. Coll. von Rosenberg. 2. Antedon cnrintiin , Lam. sp. 1811. Antedon gorgoniaf de Freminville. Nouv. Bull. d. Scienc. par la Soc. Philomat., II, p. 349. Notes from the I-«eytlen IMuseum , "Vol. III. 180 AXTEDON PiNNIFORMTS. 1815. Alecto carinata? Leacli. Zool. MiscelL, II, p. 63. 1816. Comatula carinata , Lamarck. Syst. d'Anim. sans Vert. II, p. 536. 1834. Comatula carinata , de Blaiaville. Manuel d'Acti- nologie, p. 249. 1843. Alecto carinata , Muller. Wiegm. Archiv. 1843 , I, p. 135. 1849. Comatula (Alecto) carinata, Muller. Ahhandl. d. Berlin. Akad., p. 252. 1862. Comatula carinata, Dujardin. Hist. Nat. des Zoophy- tes. Echinodermes , p. 200. l8Qh ? uilecto Braziliensis , Lütken. M.S. 1868. Antedon Dühenii, Verrill (non Bölsclie). Trans. Conn. Acad. I, p. 365 (with?). 1878. Antedon carinatus, Pourtales. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. V, p. 214 (with?). 1879. Antedon Brasiliensis , P. H. Carpenter. Proc. Roy. Soc. N". 194, p. 386. 1879. Antedon carinata , P. H. Carpenter. Trans. Linn. Soc, Sec. Ser. Zool., II, p. 29. 1879. Antedon carinatus'? Rathbun. Trans, Conn. Acad. V, p. 156. 1881. Antedon carinata, P. H. Carpenter. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. IX. N". 4. The Museum contains a small and mutilated specimen of this widely distributed species from the Indian Ocean. It differs from specimens obtained at Mauritius (the ori- ginal locality of the species) in the somewhat larger relative size of the lower pinnules, and in the greater smoothness of the outer portions of the arms. 3. Atèfedon pinttifoi-tnis , n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a convex disc bearing about 12 marginal cirrhi. These have about 25 thick joints none of whicli J^otes trom the Leyden IMuseuiu, Vol. III. ANTEnON PINNIFORMIS. '181 are longer than broad. Each one from the eighth onwards bears a slight dorsal spine which becomes somewhat larg- er on the penultimate joiut. The first radials are par- tially visible; the second oblong and almost completely united laterally. Axillaries widely pentagonal, nearly twice the length of the second radials , with strong backward projections into them , the surfaces of both joints rising somewhat towards their junction. Ten arms. First bra- chials bluntly wedgeshaped , and closely united laterally. Each has its distal border incised to receive a strong back- ward projection of the irregularly shaped second brachial. Third brachial oblong, a syzygy. The next five joints are wide and nearly oblong, with slight backward projections from their proximal edges alternately on opposite sides of the arm ; the following joints longer and wedgeshaped , be- coming more oblong again in the outer parts of the arms. Syzygia very irregular after the first one on the third brachial; the next may be anywhere between 14 and 21; then an interval of 5 — 18 joints between successive syzygia. The stoutest pinnules are those borne by the fourth and fifth brachials, which consist of about 12 thick joints slightly longer than broad. Those on the second and third bra- chials are less stout at the base but about as long as those on the sixth and seventh joints, the immediate successors of which are the shortest pinnules on the arm The fol- lowing pinnules gradually increase in length , their compo- nent joints becoming longer but more slender. The outer pinnules are longer than the lower ones, and being very closely set give the arms a very feathery appearance. Disc naked ; 5 mm. in diameter. Spread about 1 2 centim. Colour, white: the arms rather scantily clothed with a browner perisome, so that the ambulacra are close down on the muscles. Sacculi closely set along the pinnule ambulacra. Locality. Andai, New Guinea. >Jotes Iroin the Leyde» IMuseuni, Vol. HI. '182 ANTEDON ^^KRmPINNA. 1. Anledon gerripinttfi, , ii. sj». Description of an individual. ("eutrodor.sal tliscoidal , bearing about 12 marginal cirrbi. These have about 18 thick joints none of which are longer than broad , the penultimate one bearing a blunt spine. The first radials are scarcely visible even at the angles of the calyx; the second nearly oblong and not united la- terally ; the axillaries less than twice their length , almost tiiaugular , with Avide distal angles and slight backward projections from the middle of their bases. Ten arms. First brachials almost rhomboidal , and closely united laterally ; the second distinctly shorter and more wedgeshaped. Third brachial a syzygy, transversely oblong or nearly square. The next few joints short and oblong , and the following ones longer and sharply wedgeshaped , gradually becoming blunter towards the arm-ends. The first syzygium is on the third brachial, and the next usually between 11 and 15; after which the syzy- gial interval is usually 3 or 4 joints. The stoutest pinnules are those borne by the fourth and fifth brachials. They consist of about 15 joints, all but the uppermost of which are short, broad, and thick with their distal edges projecting beyond the base of the next joint, so as to give the pinnule a serrated outline. The pinnules on the second and fourth joints are slightly longer than those on the third and fifth joints respectively. Those immediately following are shorter and composed of a few elongated joints , after which the length gradually increases, though never much exceeding that of the large lower pinnules. Disc , naked and somewhat incised ; barely 5 mm. in diameter. Spread about 6 centim. Colour, white with deep purple bando on the arms, es- l)ecially at the syzygies. Sacculi closely set along the pin- nule ambulacra , and rather farther apart on the arms. Locality. Andai, New Guinea. JVotes from the Leyden ]Museuin, "Vol. III. ANTEDON FLAGELLATA. l8o 5. Antedon flugellttlu , Mus. Leyd. sp. 1841. Alecto Jiagellata, Muller. Monatsbericht d. Berliu. Akad. p. 186. — ld., Wiegman's Archiv. 1841,1, p. 145. 1849. Comatula Jiagellata^ Muller. Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849, p. 263. 1862. Comatula jiagellata, Dujardin. Hist. nat. des Zoophy- tes. Echinodermès , p. 206. Description of aii individual. Centrodorsal moderately thick , with a smooth dorsal surface and three irregular rows of cirrhi on its sides. About 40 cirrhi, of 25-35 tolerably equal joints, hardly any of which (in mature cirrhi) are longer than wide. The lowest joints are short, the length increasing gradually up to the tenth joint which is about square. The next two or three joints are of the same shape or a trifle longer , after which the length grad- ually decreases and a blunt dorsal spine appears near the distal ends of the joints. It increases slightly in size for two or three joints , then diminishes and comes to be nearer their proximal ends, reappearing on the penultimate joint as a moderately strong opposing spine. The first radials are scarcely visible even at the angles of the calyx; the second and third very convex, the for- mer in close contact laterally ; the latter less than twice their length , almost triangular , with very open angles. 38 arms, each of about 200 joints. The rays may di- vide four times, each division of two joints, the axillary not a syzygy , short and wide with an open angle. The first joints after each division closely united laterally, and slightly raised in the middle of their junction with their successors. The first three or four brachials on the two outer arms of each ray have their outer sides flattened where they are opposed to their fellows of the next ray. First brachials rhomboidal; the second shorter and more wedgeshaped. Tbe third a syzygy and more nearly oblong; the next Notes from the Leyden JMuseum, Vol. 111. 184 ANTEDON ELONGATA. five or six short aud oblong , after which the joints become sharply wed Reshaped and somewhat longer, though still relatively short. After about the 50th joint they become blunter and more oblong, and finally somewhat squarer towards the arm-ends. The first syzygium is on the third brachial , and the next usually between 15 and 21; then an interval of 9 — 16 joints between successive syzygia. The largest pinnules are those borne on the fourth and five following brachials. Those on the sixth and seventh brachials are the longest on the arm and consist of 25 — 30 stout cylindrical joints. The first pair, on the second and third brachials, are considerably shorter and smaller than their three successors on each side; the pinnule on the tenth brachial is small on the inner arms of the ray, but more equal to its predecessor on the outer arms. The next few joints bear the smallest pinnules on the arm , after which the length gradually increases towards the arm-ends , but the pinnules never become specially long. Disc , naked and much incised ; 25 mm. in diameter. Total spread about 25 centim. Colour brownish white with greyer perisome. Sacculi not very abundant along the pinnule ambulacra. Localiti/. Uncertain. Coll. Brugnians. Remarks. The general fades of this fine species leaves little room for doubting its Oriental origin ; but 1 have never come across a second specimen of it. The specific name as in the case of Müller's other types in the Leyden Mu- seum (except Actinometra Solaris) , seems to have been a Museum name which was adopted by him. Two Mi/zostoma-cysts occur on the arms of this speci- men , which seem to have escaped Müller's attention. 6. Anfedott. elongttta, Mus. Leyd. sp. 1841. Aleeto elongata, Muller. Monatsbericht d. Berlin. Akad. p. 187. — Id., Wiegman's Archiv. 1841,1, p. 146. Notes iroin tUe Leyden Museum, Vol. 111. ANTEDON ELONGATA. 185 1849. Comatula elongata , Muller. Abhaudl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849, p. 257. 1862. Comatula elongata , Dujardiu. Hist. nat. des Zoo- phytes. Echinodermes , p. 204. Description of an individual. Ceutrodorsal a moderately thick convex disc bearing about 30 cirrhi in two irregular rows round its margin. The cirrhi have 25 — 30 tolerably even sized joints, the sixth and four following ones of which are slightly longer than broad. The succeeding ones bear slight dorsal spines, that on the penul- timate joint enlarging somewhat as an opposing spine to the terminal claw. The first radials are just visible; the second, united la- terally, short, wide, and very convex; the axillaries short, less than twice the length of the second radials , and penta- gonal with wide distal angles. The rays are well separa- ted and bear more than twenty (20 -\-) arms of over two hundred joints. They may divide three times , each divi- sion of two joints , the axillary not a syzygy. The first joints after each axillary are rhomboidal, closely united laterally , and form with their successors a slight tubercu- lar elevation in the middle of their line of junction. Second brachials bluntly wedgeshaped. and slightly long- er than preceding joints ; the third (syzygies) and fourth , short and oblong. The next few joints have slightly obli- que terminal faces , and the following ones are smooth , short, and sharply wedgeshaped, becoming shorter and blunter about the fortieth joint and squarer towards the ends of the long arms. First syzygium on the third brachial ; the next usually between 8 and 17; then an interval of 4 — 11, usually 6 — 8 joints between successive syzygia. The first two pinnules are moderately short and slender , the size increasing up to those borne on the sixth , seventh , and eighth brachials. These have wide basal joints, the later ones being longer and tapering rather rapidly. Notes from the Leyclen IVIuseuni, Vol. III. 12 l<^*3 ANTKHON RI.MACULATA. Pinnules ou ninth and tenth brachials a good deal smaller than that ou the eighth, but larger than the first pair. The following ones gradually increase in length and slenderness , their component joints becoming more and more cylindrical , but they never exceed the length of' the third pair. Terminal pinnules again shorter , very thin and delicate. Disc lost. Spread about 25 centim. Diameter across the circle of palmar axillaries about 14 mm. Colour , brownish white with darker perisome. Sacculi numerous at sides of pinnule ambulacra. Locality. New Guinea. Coll. S. Muller. Remarks. This is another of Müller's types for which he employed a Museum-name. I have not seen any du- plicate of it. 7. Aniedon bimucnlnttt , n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a thick spreading disc , with a slightly hol- lowed dorsal surface , and bearing about 40 marginal cirrhi. These have about 25 joints, of Avhich the fifth and three following ones are slightly the longest. The following joints diminish slowly in size and the penultimate has a blunt opposing spine to the terminal claw. The first radials are just visible at the angles of tlie calyx ; the second short , and in close contact laterally ; tlie axillaries more than twice their length, widely penta- gonal with open distal angles. More than thirty-six (36 -f-) arms of 150 joints. The rays may divide three times , each division of two joints which are slightly raisetl in the middle of their junction , the axillary not a syzygy. The first joints after each axill- ary are rhomboidal and closely united laterally. Second brachials shorter than the first and more wedgeshaped ; the third (syzygics) and five or six following joints more oblong. Tlie next joints are short and sharply wedgeshaped, becoming JNoies Irom tlie Leyden JMuseuxTi , Vol. III. ANTELON LIREVICUNEATA. 'i^V' blunter again about the 40th joint , more oblong , and squarer or slightly elongated towards the arm-ends. First syzygium on the third brachial; the next between 18 and 23; then an interval of 6—18, usually 7 — 11 joints between successive syzygia. Lower pinnules stiff. The first pair small; the next pair nearly twice their length, and the following ones, on the sixth and seventh brachials respectively, are the longest on the arm , consist- ing of about 30 stout cylindrical joints. Pinnule on the eighth brachial nearly as long as that on the sixth , but the next pair are much smaller , after which the size increases very gradually till near the arm-ends; but the outer pinnules though slender never become spe- cially long. The pinnules on the tilth and seventh brachials are nearly equal on some of the smaller arms and the relative sizes of all the lower pinnules are apt to vary a good deal upon arms which have been restored from the first or sec- ond brachials. Disc, naked and much incised; 17 mm. in diameter. Spread , about 2Ü centim. Colour. Skeleton grey up to the last axillary. Arm-ba- ses grey or white, and marked with a double row of pur- plish spots. The first of these is near the outer end of the line between the second and third brachials; the next towards the inner end of the line separating the third and fourth joints , and so on alternately on opposite sides for four or five joints. Beyond this limit the arms are dark purple , or almost black , with occasional white patches. Sacculi numerous along the pinnule ambulacra. Locality. Amboyna. The peculiar colouring and the large size of the third pair of pinnules readily distinguish this species among the few Antedons hitherto recorded from the Moluccas. 8. Antedon hrevicnnenta , n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a thick disc with a slightly hollowed Notes from the Leydeii Museum, Vol. lU. 188 Antkhon MrtKviruNKATA. dorsal surface, aud a single or partially double row of marginal cirrlii. There are ahout 80 of these consis- ting of 25 — 30 tolerably equal joints, the 6th and 7th about scjuare and the next two or three just longer than broad. The following joints diminish gradually in size towards the end , but without developing dorsal spines except for a small and blunt one on the penul- timate. First radials not visible; second and third very convex, the former being shorter in the middle than at the sides where they are closely united to their fellows ; axillaries short, pentagonal, with wide distal angles, less than twice the length of the second. 39 arms. Rays in close contact but dividing three times , each division of two joints , the axillary not a syzygy. The joints of the primai-y arms on the outer sides of the rays are somewhat flattened laterally where they are in contact with their fellows. First brachials large and rhomboidal ; the second shorter , aud much more wedgeshaped : the third (syzygy) nearly square , rather longer on inner than on outer side. The next five joints nearly oblong with slight forward projections alternately from the outer and inner sides of their distal edges. The following joints are smooth , short and wedgeshaped , retaining the forward projection about as far as the 60th , but much more mark- edly in some arms than in others. Later joints gradually become blunter and nearly square at the extreme arm- ends. First syzygium on 3rd brachial ; the next on 4 , 5 , 9, or as far as 17; then an interval of 7 — 18 joints, usually about 10, between successive syzygia. The largest and stoutest pinnule on the outer side of the arm is the second, borne by the 4th brachial. It is about 1 mm. long and consists of about 25 joints which are stout at the base but taper away rapidly towards the end. 5th brachial bears a similar but somewhat smaller ])innule. Relative sizes of pinnules on 2nd and 6th br. nitlicr variable, but both are smaller than that on 4th JVott-w li'oiTi Ihe Lcytleii ]Vlu»euiii, Vol. III. ANTEDOM LA RVI ('I a I! A. i80 br. Fourth pinnule (on 8tli br.) of only 7 ov 8 small joints , a good deal shorter than the third , and only about one quarter as long as the second pinnule. Follow- ing pinnules gradually increase in length and size, and the joints of the later oues become more elongated ; but they never reach the length of the large basal pinnules , nor are they very closely set. Disc, naked and deeply incised, almost to the centre; diameter 10 mm. Spread, 18 centira. Colour, calyx and arm-bases white with darker patch- es; lower arms a dirty brownish grey, and their outer portions the same mottled with white. Sacculi not very close on pinnule ambulacra. Locality , Amboyna. 9. Antedon Inericirfa , n. sp. Description of ati individual. Centrodorsal discoidal with a flat cirrhus-free dorsal sur- face, and bearing about 30 cirrhi in a single or partially double marginal row. Cirrhi of 25 — 30 tolerably uniform smooth joints, few or none of which are longer than broad; pen- ultimate has a faint opposing spine to the small terminal claw. First radials not visible ; the second short and nearly united laterally ; axillaries more than twice their length , pentagonal with wide distal angles. Nearly 40 arms of about 160 smooth joints. Rays div- ide three times; each division of two joints, the first clos- ely united to their fellows, and the axillary not a syzygy. First brachials almost rhomboidal , relatively long and nar- row , closely united to their fellows. Second joints much shorter and nearly oblong; third (syzygy) nearly square. The next six joints short and nearly oblong; the following ones longer and sharply wedgeshaped with traces of a forward projection alternately on opposite sides, as in the last species. Outer joints becoming blunter, squarer and slightly elongated towards arm-ends. NTotes from tlio Tjeyvlen IMuseuiTi, Vol, III, 190 AXTEDON .SPIC.VTA. First sjzygiuiu on 3rd brachial ; the next between 18 and 21; then an interval of — 13 joints, usually 11, between successive syzygia. The longest and stoutest pinnules on the arm-bases are those borne by the 4th and 5th brachials , the former con- sisting of about 25 tapering joints being considerably the larger. Third pair (on 6 and 7 br.) smaller than the first pair , and the fourth pair still more so , being the small- est pinnules on the arm. The length of the following pinnules gradually increases but never reaches that of the second pair, and their component joints are not specially delicate , while they are well clothed with perisome up to the arm-ends where the size again decreases. Disc naked, and somewhat incised; 12 mm. in diameter. Spread , 25 centim. Colour, blackish with lighter bands. Locality. Aru-Islauds. Coll. von Rosenberg. 10. Anledotê spicutu , n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal thice , discoidal , with a small , slightly hol- lowed dorsal surface, and very sloping sides which bear about 25 cirrhi in an irregular double row. These have about 25 joints , the fourth of which is longer than wide ; the next three are the longest and the following ones diminish gradually in length, the penultimate having a tolerably strong opposing spine. First radials barely visible ; the second oblong and not united laterally ; axillaries pentagonal with wide distal an- gles and relatively short, only half as long again as the preceding joints. The outer edges of the axillaries and of the next three or four joints bear small irregular tu- bercles. 28 arms of nearly 200 joints. Rays divide three times; each division of two joints, the first almost com- pletely united to their fellows , and the axillary not a sy- zygy. First brachials widely rhomboidal; the second of about the same length but more wedgeshaped; the third Notr.=5 from llie IjoyiltMi 1Mu.seiiiii, \'"ol. III. AXTFDOX SPICATA. I O 1 (syzygy) nearly square. Tlie next four are oblong , and the following ones wedgeshaped , of medium length , and very slightly overlapping; the later ones are blunter and more oblong, becomiog squarer and slightly elongated at the arm-ends. The muscle-plates of successive joints stand up rather pro- minently, alternately on either side of the ambulacral groove. First syzygium on 3rd brachial; the next between 15 and 18; then an interval of 3 — 10 joints, usually 5 — 7, between successive syzygia. The second brachial bears a moderately long but slen- der pinnule, and the next joint a shorter one; the next pair on 4th and 5th joints are longer than the first pinn- ule , stiff, tapering, and styliform , consisting of about 15 elongated joints. That on the 4t]i joint is the longer , reaching 15 mm. The next pinnule is stiff' but shorter again , and the following ones decrease till about the tenth brachial , aft- er which the size increases slowly. Towards the arm-ends the pinnules become slender and filiform , but they never reach the length of the second pair. Disc naked and much incised; 17 mm. in diameter. Spread , 20 ceutim. Colour, the skeleton light purplish red with darker bands at the junctions; the perisome very much darker, almost black. Sacculi closely set along the pinnule ambulacra. Locality. The Banda Sea. Coll Dr. Semmelink. Remarks. This type differs from Ant. articulata , the Mo- luccan species described by Muller, in having fewer cirrhus joints and no spines on the later ones. The syzygial in- terval on the arms is nmch shorter , and the fourth pin- nule is relatively smaller. Antedon seems to be comparatively rare in the Moluc- cas. I know of more than a dozen Actinometr a -speties from these islands, but of only six Antedons which with one ten-armed exception {Ant. Jacquinoti Mull, sp.) all agree in the characters of the ray-divisions. Three of jS'otes from tlie Leyden üMuseum "Vol. HI. i92 ACTINOMKTRA SOLARIS. them have beeu described above; two are at Paris, and the remaining one in the University Museum at Berlin , having been brought from Batjan by Prof. E. von Martens. Ant. spicafa is closely allied to the Fijian Anf. protecta Liitken M.8. which has nearly 50 cirrhi, smoother arm- joints , and a relatively smaller pinnule on the fifth brach- ial ; but the stiff and pointed lower pinnules are striking features of both species. II. Actinometra. Muller, 1841; emend. P. H. Car- penter. 1877 '). 11. Actinotnetfu sohiris , Lam. sp. 181G. Comatula Solaris, Lamarck. Syst. d'Anim. sans Vert. IL p. 534. 1834. Comatula Solaris, de Blainville. Manuel d'Actinolo- gie. p. 249. 1841. Actinometra imperialis , Muller. Monatsber. d. Ber- lin. Akad. 1841. p. 181. Wiegman's Archiv. 1841. I. p. 141. 1843. Alexto Solaris , Muller. Wiegman's Archiv. I. p. 135. 1849. Comatula {Actinometra) Solaris, Muller. Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849. p. 248. 1862. Comatula Solaris, Dujardin. Hist. nat. des Zoophy- tes. Echinodermes. p. 200. 1862. Actinometra. imperialis , ibid. p. 209. 1869 Comatula [Actinometra?) hamata , Kuhl and v. Hasselt, Herklots J. A. Echinodermes peintes d'après nature par les soins de Kuhl , van Has- selt, et Sal. Muller. Amsterdam. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. IX p. 10. PI. IX. 1879. Actinometra Solaris, P. H. Carpenter. Trans. Linn. Soc. , Sec. Ser. Zool. Vol. II. p. 27. The single specimen of this species in the Museum ap- I) Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. Vol XIII. p. 441. Sec also. Trans. Linn. Soc, Sec. Ser. Zool. Vol. II p.p. 18 — 20. Notes from the Leytlen IVIuseum , Vol. III. ACTINOMETRA NOVAE GUINEAE. i 98 pears to be the one brought from Cape Bantano by Sal- omon Muller, and figured in the »Echinodermes peintes d'après nature" as Coi7iatula (Artinometra?) hamata. Kuhl and van Hasselt. The ij^e is a very variable one, how- ever , and this specimen does not appear to be sufficiently distinct from Lamarck's original specimen in the Paris Mus- eum to justify the establishment of an other species. 12. Aciinotnetfa JXfovae Guineae , Mus. Leyd. sp. 1841. Alecio Novae Guineae, , Muller. Monatsber. d. Ber- lin. Akad. 1841. p. 186. Wiegm. Archiv. 1841. 1. p. 146. 1849. Comatula Novae (rwmeag , Muller. Abhandl. d. Ber- lin. Akad. 1849. p. 264 1862. Comatula Novae Guineae , Dujardin. Hist. Nat. des Zoophytes. Echinodermes. p. 208. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a thin pentagonal disc , with its angles slightly produced and about 15 cirrhus-sockets on its slop- ing sides. Cirrhi all lost. Traces of clefts appear between the sides of the centrodorsal and the inner margins of the short first radials. Second radials shorter than the first, widely hexagonal , and only partly united laterally. Axillaries free , pentagonal , barely two and a half times the length of the second , to which they are united by syzygy. Rays quite free laterally, dividing four or five times. Primary arms of three distichal joints, the axill- ary a syzygial or double joint. In subsequent divisions every second joint is an axillary united by syzygy to its predecessor, which is only partly united laterally with its fellow. 56 arms First brachial a syzygy, oblong or nearly square ; the second usually simple , but sometimes a syzygy. Tlie next two or three joints are transversely oblong, and their immediate successors longer , wedgeshaped , and slightly overlapping. After this both length and breadth diminish and tlie joints gradually become blunter and smoother, Notes from tlie Tjeytlen Museum, Vol. ITI. iOA ACTINOMETIiA XOVAR GUIXEAK. elongating again towards the arm-ends. Tlie arms are dimorphic , those on one side of the calyx (probahly pos- teriorj being shorter, with only 60 — 70 joints, and taper- ing more rapidly than the longer anterior arms with 80 — 90 joints. First brachial a syzygy, and frequently also the second, especially on those single undivided arms borne by axill- aries which bear dividing arras on tlieir other faces. The next syzygy usually on the 8th or 9th joint , after wliich an interval of two joints, or sometimes only of ones between, successive syzygia. The second distichal bears a moderately long pinnule with a well marked terminal comb. The next pinnule (nor- mally) is on the epizygal of the first brachial. Its size and that of the pinnule on the second brachial vary consider- ably, being greater on the outer than on the inner arms of each ray ; but there is a gradual decrease from the first pinnule to those on the fourth and fifth brachials after which they increase again , losing the terminal comb about the 8th brachial. Their cuboidal joints have spiny tufts in the mediodorsal line, and at the distal end of each joint are one or two rather larger lateral spines. Towards the arm-ends the pinnules gradually become more slender, but increase very little in length , their joints becoming oblong and the large lateral spines almost entirely limited to their outer sides. Disc lost; some of the shorter arms have only an im- perfect groove and tentacular apparatus , or none at all. Colour, skeleton greyish white; the perisome a darker grey. Spread, about 180 centim. Diameter of calyx measured across the radials, 10,5 mm. Locality, The Island of Eidouma, New Guinea. Coll. Sal. Muller. Remarks. The above description differs considerably from that which was drawn up by Muller on the basis of Tro- schel's examination of this specimen. He is not very clear rWotes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. III. ACTINOMETRA TVPICA. 195 as to whether there are three or four joints in the primary arms ; but he says distinctly that no axillary has a syzygy. As a matter of fact there are three distichal joints of the usual character, the third or axillary being a syzygial or double joint; and though the successive axillaries are separ- ated only by single joints, yet these very joints are unit- ed by syzygies to the axillaries above them. Further , the second and third radials are united by syzygy, and the first brachial is also a syzygial or double joint , as to both of which characters Muller is silent. Misled by Müller's description I have mentioned Co7n. Novae-Guineae as amon^' the Comatidae dredged by the » Challenger" ^). This, however, is not the case, though the type in question (from Banda) corresponds very closel7 with Müller's specific diagnosis of the New Guinea spe- cimen. Even as it is I cannot be positively sure that there are syzygies in this last between the two outer radials , and between each axillary and the joint below it, as it presents no natural fractures; and future dissection of an- other specimen may show that this is not the case. Under these circumstances the specific diagnosis of the type would require a second revision ; but I venture to think that this will not be necessary. The nearest ally of Actinomeira Novae Guiiieae is the sin- gular type described by Loven under the name of Phano- genia to which we will now pass on. 13. JLctittoinetvu iypica , Loven. sp. 1866. Phanogenia iyJD^ca , Loven. Ofvers. af. K. Vet. Akad. Förh. Arg. 23. N». 9. p. 231. Actinometra stellata , Lütken. M.S. Museum Go- deffroy. Locality , Jobie. Coll. von Rosenberg. I) ?ron. Roy. Sop. 1879. iN°. 191, p. .'JSfi. iS'otes from the Leydeii IVIuseum , Vol. III. 1-J^ ACTlN'OMI-rriiA TYPICA. The genus Phanogevki was established by Lovéu iii 1866 for the reception oJ some remarkable Comat.ulae from Sin- gapore '). They are especially characterised by having a more or less stellate centroilorsal which bears few or no traces of cirrhus-sockets , and occupies but does uot com- pletely fill the central space within the radial pentagon. The same peculiarity was noted by Dr. Liitken in an Ac- tinometra of the Godeffroy collection from Fyi, to which he gave the M.S. name Actinometra stellata ; and duplic- ates of the type have been distributed from the (lodeffroy Museum under this name. Having examined some of these duplicates and also , by the kindness of Prof. Loven , his original specimens of Fhanogenia I am disposed to regard the two types as identical. During my visit to Copenhagen last autumn I was glad to learn that the same idea had also occurred to Dr. Liitken , with whom I am pleased to find myself in accordance as to the generic position of the type. In my preliminary report '■) upon the Comatulae of the » Challenger" Expedition I pointed out that the peculiar stellate condition of the centrodorsal of P/ia?«or/enm » appears to be one of the concluding stages of a long series of chang- es in the shape and relations of the centrodorsal , which do not commence until some time after the loss of the stem , and the entry upon the free state of existence." I also gave some account of these stages as exhibited by Ac- tinometra jukesii and by other species of the genus ^). But not having seen Phano(jenia at that time I felt unable to refer it to Actinometra in the face of Loven's description , » Os centrale sulci tentaculiferi fere quales in Ante- done.'' Since my examination of it, however, I do not 1) Phanogciiia, ett hittills okiindt slilgle ;if I'ria CriiioiilciT. Ofver.s. al' K. Vet.. Akad. Förli Arg. 23. N". 9. pp. 223—333. 2) Proc R. S. 1879. N". 194. i)p. 390—392. 3) It is worth notice that a fossil Acfiuomnfra with a stellate centrodorsal devoid of cirrhus-sockets has been found in the Gault {Albieii) of Folkestone* (^uart. .lourn. Geol. Soc. Vol. XXXVl. p. 51. Notes from the Leyden IVTuseuiii, \'"ol. III. ACTINOMETRA TVPiCA. 197 think that it can be regarded as generically distinct from Actinomet7'a ; though there are certain features about it, besides the stellate centrodorsal , which distinguish it in a very marked manner from the other species of the genus. In ordinary Actiiwmetra-s^ecies ') the mouth is some little way from the centre of the disc which is occupied by the anal tube. But in Loven's specimens from Singapore , as in Liitken's from Fiji and in others which I shall mention immediately , the mouth , though not absolutely central , is only slightly excentric , and the anus is at or near the margin of the disc. In fact it is sometimes very difficult to find the anus at all. In this respect the disc of Ac- tinometra ttjpica approaches that of Antedon ; but the distrib- ution of the ambulacra is not so symmetrical as in An- tedon , and the anal interradius is always by far the largest. The presence of a terminal comb on the oral pinnules , the general features of the calyx , and the absence of sacculi from the pinnule ambulacra also distinguish this type very sharply from Antedon. Another character in which Act. typica differs from ordin- ary Actinometra-?,^ec\.Q^ and also from Antedon , is in the peculiar mode of union of the second and third radials which 1 believe to be an imperfect form of syzygy , although Loven ^) describes it as a ligamentous articulation. When two joints are united by syzygy, as the two outer radials are in Act. juk^êsii, Act. Solaris, Act. robusta and others, each of their apposed faces is marked by a num- ber of low ridges , which diverge from the opening of the central canal and extend towards the dorsal margin of each joint, causing it to be delicately toothed ^). In the natural positions of the apposed faces their ridges correspond in position , so that the presence of the syzygy is indicat- 1) Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. Zool. Vol. II. Fl. 1. PI. 2. figs 1, 8. 2) Loc. cit. p. 228. 3) This is well shown in fig. ID on Tl. XXXVI of Dr. Carpenter's meuioir on Antedon rosacea. Phil. 'J'rans. ISBB. Notes from the Leydeii ÜMiiseuiii, Vol. Jll. 198 ACriNOMFTUA I'YI'ICA. ed l)y n delicate dotted line which crosses the dorsal sur- face of the compound joint, the dots indicating the gajis hetwceu adjacent pairs of corresponding ridges ^). Jn a true ligamentous articulation, on the other hand, such as occurs between the outer radials of every Ante- (lon ^) and of most Actinometrae •') each of the articular faces is divided by a vertical ridge into two fossae which give attachment to the large interarticular ligaments. Each of these fossae is marked more or less distinctly by a series of concentric lines like the lines of growth in a bivalve shell ; and the vertical articular ridge that separates them usually stands up rather prominently, especially around the opening of the central canal. In Actinometra typica , however , these features are not visible on the apposed faces of the two outer radials *) , which are almost flat and cannot be said to have any dis- tinct articular ridge; and although there is a median ver- tical line on each face which divides it into two lateral halves, yet these are not fossae and show no traces of any concentric markings. Each of them is marked by a num- ber of little elevations, squarish or oblong in shape, and so arranged as to have their longer axes radiating out- wards from the central canal. This is much more marked in some cases than in others, and the result is that the joint-face looks as if the radiating ridges of a syzygy were interrupted at intervals. They do not , however , reach the dorsal margin, or only very rarely, so that the dotted line indicating a syzygy is hardly traceable. In an ordinary Antedon- f^yiygy there is no division of the joint-face into two lateral portions as in the case just described which is thus somewhat intermediate in its nat- ure, presenting a distinct approach to a ligamentous ar- 1) Phil, Trans, loc. cit. PI. XXXV 1. Hgs. 5 D, (3 1). 2) Ibid. figs. 2B, 3A, 4B, 5A. 3) liiiin. Trans, loc. cit. PI. 7. liiis. 2 1j, 8a, 5b, (j;i. 4_) K. Vet. Akad. Furh. loc. cit. j). 230. lig. c. (Oonniarc also iig.s. (i, k, 1.) JN'otes from tlie Xjeyden Miuscum, "Vol. III. ACTlNOMETfU TYPICA. 19^ ticulation while .still retaining its syzygial character. Loven has given a diagram of it as an articular face in J'hano- genia {Act. typica) , and I have studied it in a much mu- tilated specimen dredged by the » Challenger" in the neigh- bourhood of the Fiji Islands. The only reason for calling it an articulation is the presence of the median vertical line , which can hardly be called a ridge , dividing the face into two parts. But Loven figures a similar ridge on the »iac- ies syzygii brachialis 1 — 2 rami tertii" which is an un- doubted syzygy ^) with radiating striae reaching the dorsal margin. I find traces of a similar median line on the syzy- gial faces of the lower arm-divisions of the » Challenger" specimen, but it gradually disappears and the syzygial faces of the outer arm-joints are of the ordinary character. It may be noted here that radiating striae are not nec- essarily characteristic of a syzygy, being absent in Pen- tacrinus and in Rhizocrinus , in which the apposed faces are smooth and devoid of any markings whatever. The following are the characters which I believe to be more especially distinctive of Actinometra typica. Loven has already given an admirable detailed description of the type -). » Centrodorsal stellate, with few or no cirrhus-sockets , and nearly flush with the radials. Second and third ra- dials united by syzygy, but the junction line is rarely dotted. Rays may divide 7 or 8 times. Primary arms of three disti- chal joints , the axillary a syzygy ■'). Subsequent divisions each of two joints united by syzygy. A syzygy in the first brachials 5 the next usually between the 8tli and 10th brach- ials, and then an interval of two joints between succes- 1) Loc. cit. p. 230. d. 2) Loc. cit. pp. 231—333. 3) According to the usual rule; oue would expect the first and second dis- ticlials (l)oth in this and in the preceding species) to be united by syzygy like the outer radials. Not having seen a joint face I cannot speak positively, but judging from Loven's description (p. 233) 1 think that there may possibly be ii ligamentous articulation in this position. Notes from the JLieydeii ÜMuseum, Vol. 111. 200 ACTINOMKTIfA TYPKA. sive syzygia. Pinnules decrease in length to about the 6th brachial and then increase again , but rarely , if ever, reach- ing the length of the lowest pinnules. Joints of middle and later pinnules very spiny. Mouth usually subcentral and radial, but the ambulacra unequal. Anus marginal." No two specimens of this type that I have seen are pre- cisely similar , but they pass into one another so very gradually that it is practically impossible to separate them. Von Rosenberg's specimen from Jobie is an exceedingly fine one with a disc measuring 20 mm. in diameter, and a spread of 25 ceutim. It is remarkable for the great length of its lowest pinnules, the first one reaching 10 mm., and also for the great development of spines on the elongated joints of the middle and later pinnules. Their edges are fringed with strong spines , and a still larger one projects forwards and upwards on each side near the dis- tal end of each joint. Loven's specimens from Singapore present the same features though to a less extent. They also have a deeper funnel in tlie centre of the radial pen- tagon and the centrodorsal sunk in it to nearer the level of the radials. The lower brachials are also more wedge- shaped, and their margins are elevated alternately on op- posite sides. Some large specimens from Cebu in the Philippines which are preserved in the Zoological Museums at Dresden and Vienna also belong to this species. They do not diflFer much from the type except that the lower pinnules decrease more gradually in size. In the » Challenger" specimen dredged near Fiji the arms are shorter and less fleshy, with less spiny joints, the terminal faces of which are less closely applied than in the type. The basal pinnules are relatively shorter and their joints less spiny; while those of the terminal pinnules are almost smooth and the pin- nules stifFer, so that the arms have a less feathery ap- pearance. A Fiji specimen on the other hand , obtained from the Godeflroy Museum has moderately feathery arms and more Notes from the Leydexi Muséum, Vol. III. ACTINOMETRA ROUUÜTIPINNA. 201 spiny pinnules. As in the » Challenger" specimen and in von Rosenberg's large one from Jobie four of the primary arms consist of but two distichal joints which are united by syzy- gy as in the later arm-divisions ; and it is quite possible that specimens may eventually be met with which have more than half the primary arms in this condition. Variat- ions of a similar character are common in other Actino- metrae and notably in Act. porvicirra but the arm-divisions of Antedon are generally much more regular. Act. typica is the nearest ally oï Act. Novae Guitieae , hui the metamorphosis of the centrodorsal is carried much fur- ther than in that type, it being markedly stellate in shape and bearing few or no cirrhus-sockets. In Act. Novae Guineae, on the other hand the centrodorsal bears some 15 functional cirrhus-sockets and presents but little departure from the ordinary shape. The joints of the terminal pinn- ules in Act. typica also are much longer and more slen- der than those of Act. Novae Guincae , which are compara- tively stout and but little louger than broad. They are also peculiar in having the large lateral spines almost en- tirely limited to the outer side of each joint , instead of occurring on both sides as in Act. typica. 14. JËctinometfa robustipinnu, u. sp. Description of a much mutilated individual. Centrodorsal a thick disc slightly flattened at the dor- sal pole , and bearing about 40 cirrhus-sockets in two mar- ginal rows. First radials partially visible all round the calyx, but slightly diverging at each angle so as to leave a gap. This is bridged over by the proximal portions of the short second radials having lateral extensions which meet those of their fellows on either side. Axillaries pen- tagonal , quite free laterally, and rather more than twice the length of the second radials , with moderately sharp distal angles. Rays may divide three times; 17 -f" arms. Six of the primary arms consist of three distichal joints , ]>f otes froiTi the Leyden IMuseum , Vol. III. 13 202 ACTINOMETRA JAI'ONICA. the axillary a syzygy ; aud iu tliree others there are only two joiuts , the axillary not a syzygy , the remaining one being broken away. The secondary arms (when present) consist of three palmar joints , the axillary a syzygy. The first pair of joints beyond each axillary are closely united laterally. The pinnules borne by the second joints after each axil- lary are enormously large aud stout ; so much so , that the joints bearing them have almost the appearance of being axillaries themselves. Each pinnule contains 20 -h massive joints, the ventral edges of which are produced so as to stand up as plates sloping slightly inwards to- wards the ambulacral groove. Disc lost. Colour, light brownish white. Diameter of centrodor- sal, 7 ni.m. ; total diameter between palmar axillaries, 25 mm. LocoUty. The Moluccas. Coll. Macklot. Remarks. Although no traces remain either of the disc or of a terminal comb on the oral pinnules , the flatten- ed cal^x and the wide funnel in the centre of the radial pentagon indicate the generic position of this specimen which is markedly different from most species of Actino- metra that I have seen. 15. Jlvtinotnetvfê Jnponioa , Mus. Leyd. sp. 1841. Alecto japonica, Muller. Monatsber. d. Berlin. Akad. 1841. p. 18Ö. Wiegm. Arcliiv. 1841. p. 145. 1849. Comatula japonica , Muller. Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849. p. 260. 1862. Comatula japonica , Dujardin. Hist. Nat. des Zoo- phytes. Echinodermes , p. 205. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal wide , discoidal , slightly hollowed in the centre, and concealing the greater part of the radials. About 50 cirrhi of some 20 joints, of which the third is longer than wide and the fifth the longest. The following ones decrease slowly in length , the terminal ones being Notes irom the Leydoii M^useuni , "Vol. III. ACTINOMETRA .lAPONICA. 2Ö3 deep and much compressed, with small and blunt dorsal spines, that on the penultimate joint not being specially large. Axillaries long with sharp distal angles. 27 -farms; the rays dividing three times. Primary and secondary arms each of three joints , the axillary a syzygy. First joints beyond each axillary only partly united later- ally. First and second brachials both bluntly wedgeshap- ed, the first being the shorter and the more oblong. The next three joints short and nearly oblong; the following ones both longer and wider, wedgeshaped, and overlap- ping. After about the 1 5th joint the width decreases and the joints become more oblong, though still overlapping. First syzygium on 3rd brachial; the next between the 10th and 14th joint; then an interval of 2— 4 joints be- tween successive syzygia. All the lower pinnules are long, expecially the first ones on the second distichals which reach about 20 mm. in length. The following ones diminish gradually in length, that on the 6th brachial being a good deal shorter than its predecessor (on 4th br.) though still large. After this the pinnules are stouter and tolerably uniform in length , eventually becoming longer and more slender. The large lower pinnules have sharp keels on the 6 or 7 basal joints. After the fifth or sixth brachial this car- ination is confined to the first four joints, dying away altogether after about the 20th arm-joint. The lowest pinnules , as far as the fifth brachials , have terminal combs. Mouth interradial. Disc naked, 25 mm. in diameter. Spread probably between 15 and 2Ü centimetres. Colour light brown, the perisome being darker. Locality^ Japan. Coll. von Siebold. Remarks, This is a very well defined species, the axill- aries being longer and having sharper distal angles than those of any Actinomefra I have seen. The great length of the lower pinnules is also remarkable. On this specimen, which is one of the types examin- ed for Muller by Troschel I found over a dozen 3[yzo- Notes froin tlie Leyden IMiiseiim, Vol. III. 204 ACTIXOMF.TRA PARVICIRRA. stomidae. Tbey have been sent to ray friend Prof. L. Graff of Aschaffeuburg for determination and description. 16. Aetinotnetrn p«tft)icirm , Mull. sp. 1841. Alecto parvicirra. Mull. Monatsber. d. Berlin. Akad. 1841. p. 185 and Wiegman's Archiv 1841. I. p. 145. 1841. Alecto iimorensis. Mull. Monatsber. d. Berlin. Akad. 1841. p. 186. Wiegman's Arcbiv. 1841. I. p. 145. 1849. Comatida {Alecto) parvicirra. Mull. Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849. p. 260. 1849. Comatida timorensis. Mull. Ibid. p. 263. 1862. Comatula parvicirra. Dujardin. Hist. Nat. des Zoophytes. Echinodermes. p. 206. 1862. Comcitula timorensis. Dujardin. Ibid. p. 206. 1876. Actinometra {Comatida) armata. P. H. Carpenter. Journ. Anat. and Physiol. X. p. 582. 1876. Actinometra armata. P. H. Carpenter. Journ. Anat. and Physiol. XI. p. 91. 1877. Actinometra polijmorpha. P. H. Carpenter. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XIII. p. 439. 1 870. Actinometra pohjmorpha. P. H. Carpenter. Trans. Linn. Soc. , Sec. Ser. Zool. II. p. 51. 1881. Actinometra polymorpha. 'P. H. Carpenter. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. N. S.'xXI. p. 185. After much consideration I liave been led to regard ]\1 filler's original specimens of Comatula timorensis Mus. Leyd. as identical with those described by him under the specific name parvicirra. The two descriptions are on the same page in VoL I of Wiegman's Archiv for IRIl . while in the Berlin. Monats- berichte for the same year Alecto parvicirra is described on p. 185, and Alecto timorensis on p. 186. Muller says but little about his type specimens of parvicirra except that they are in the Paris Museum and that their locality is not known , his specific diagnosis being very meagre Notes from the Leyden Museum , Vol. III. ACTINOMETItA l'ARVICHJKA. 205 in its character. A specimen iu the same Museum whicli had beeu obtained by Hombron and Jacquiiiot at Vavao (Friendly Islands) during the voyage of the Astrolabe was regarded by Muller as probably belonging to the same spe- cies {C. parvidrra). This specimen I found in the Mu- seum under the name C. hrevicirr'a^ Troschel ; while three small specimens from the voyage of Perou and Lesueur, bearing the Museum name of C. simplex may possibly be the originals of C. parvicirra. The chief difficulty in the way of this identification is the fact that iu none of them do the rays divide more than twice, tlie number of arms being less than twenty; while Muller speaks of twenty- seven arms , the rays sometimes dividing three times. But whether they be his original specimens or not , they are identical with the one from Vavao which he placed under C. parvicirra and also with his type specimens of C. ti- niorensis. I prefer to retain the former name to designate the species, not because ^/gcto/;rt7'<;M"?Vra appears on p. 185 , and Alecto timorensis on p. 186 of the Berlin. Monatsbe- richte for 1841 , but because the former really expresses a distinctive characteristic of the type , and has the advant- age of not connecting it with any definite locality. The use of geographical terms as specific titles is oft- en very tempting, but sooner or later the species is found at other localities than the one first recorded , and then the name becomes somewhat misleading. In the case of this species therefore which , for a Comatula , has a wide range , the name parvicirra has so much more in its fav- our than timorensis has that I prefer to use it, despite the slight uncertainty about the specimens for which it was originally employed by Muller. The closer examination of the Paris specimens which I made during my second visit to the Museum last autumn , aided by the knowledge gained during four years of pretty continuous study of the Comatulae , has also led me to identify C. parvicirra with the series of specimens from the Philippine Islands which I have described under the Noten from iho Ijey i^ and If. The grooved anterior arms taper slowly, having 120 -)- joints, while in the short hinder arms there are only about 70 joints the last half of which lose the wedgeshaped appearance presented by the lower joints and become rapidly blunter and squarer ; but they never become elongated like the terminal joints of the an- terior arms. Another specimen referable to this species is one from Bennett's collection, from some unknown locality in the East Indies. The overlap of the arm-joints is nearly as marked as in the Timor examples, but the spines on the outer cirrhus-joints are less developed and fewer of the lower pinnules have a terminal comb. This individual is remarkable for having dimorphic arms which are all groov- ed. The posterior arms taper much more rapidly than the anterior ones and are composed of fewer joints , but their ambulacra are nearly as well developed. Two other examples of the same type were obtained at the Island Solor by Dr. Semmelink. They both agree in the relatively small size of the pinnule on the fourth brach- ial, and in having the terminal, comb on the lowest pinn- ules larger than in the Timor specimens though the number of pinnules bearing it is small, not more than five or six on each arm. The overlap of the arm-joints also is less marked. While resembling one another iu their differences from the type, these two individuals from So- lor are nevertheless very unlike. 1) Journ. Anat. and Physiol. X. 1876, pp. 5S1, .582; XI, 1877, pp. 90,91. >3"otes from the ILieydeii TMiiseum, Vol. III. '208 ACTINOMIiTRA AI.TERXANS. The smaller oue lias stiff pinnules which are not well clothed with perisome, while in the other which is but little larger the pinnules of the lower and middle parts of the arm are stout and fleshy , very much as in one of the Ubay varieties of the Philippine series. The mouth too does not occupy its usual interradial pos- ition , and the anus is not quite in the centre of the disc. The arms of both individuals though all grooved , are di- morphic , the posterior ones being shorter and tapering more rapidly. The Museum contains yet another example of this species. It is a small and immature specimen collected by Hoedt on the south coast of Ceram. The distichal and second brachial pinnules are relatively rather large , the latter being considerably longer than its successor on the third brach- ial which may be the smallest pinnule on the arm. The overlap of the arm-joints is also but slightly marked. To this species I would also refer a small 20-arraed spec- imen brought to the Berlin Museum by Prof, von Martens from Kupang, Timor. It is peculiar for the small size of the pinnule on the fourth brachial which is less than half the length of that on the second brachial. 17. JM-Ctinontetm ultemttns ^ n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a pentagonal disc slightly hollowed in the centre, with its angles produced into five blunt processes which are separated from the radials by the outer ends of the basal rays. No cirrhi nor any distinct traces of funct- ional cirrhus-sockets. First radials short , below the level of the centrodorsal but not separated from it by distinct clefts; the second much longer and wider, broadly hexa- gonal , and partly united laterally ; axillaries barely half as long again , almost triangular with very open angles. Num- erous arms of 150 -j- joints. Noti'S from the Ijeytleii IVrusoiiin , Vol. III. ACTINOMETRA ALTKRXANS. 200 Tlie rays are quite free from the second radials onwards and may divide five or rarely six times, the successive div- isions consisting alternately of three joints with the axill- ary a syzygy, and two joints without a syzygy. The first joints after each axillary quite free or but slightly united laterally. First two brachials about equal in length , nearly oblong ; the third (syzygy) longer with its terminal faces sloping obliquely inwards so that the outer side is the longer; the next few joints shorter and bluntly wedgeshap- ed. The following ones are longer again, more sharply wedgeshaped and overlajjping , with slight spines on their distal edges. The overlap is sometimes so marked that the joints seem to have a sharp dorsal keel with spiny edges. After about the 30th joint they are shorter , blunter and more oblong, becoming squarer and less strongly overlap- ping towards the arm-ends. First syzygium on 3rd brachial; the next between 12 and 17; then an interval of 3 or 4 joints between success- ive syzygia. The second joints after the first (radial) , and third (palm- ar), axillaries bear slender pinnules of moderate length, the first of which is slightly the longer. The next pinn- ule which is on the second brachial (except when there is a sixth ray-division) is a good deal shorter , and that on the fourth joint still more so. The next six or eight pinnules (5 to 10 or 12 br.) are a little longer, consisting of 15 more massive joints, the lower ones of which are trapezoidal with their outer distal angles produced into short processes. The following pinnules become gradually longer and more slender, composed of longer joints still retaining processes on their outer sides and fringed with small spines. The lower pinnules as far as the 4th brachial have a small terminal comb, which occurs also on some of the laiger pinnules immediately following. Disc lost; diameter across the radials 13 mm. Spread about 25 centim. Colour blackish brown. Locality unknown. Notes from tUe Leydeii IVLuseum, "\'"ol. Ill, '210 ACTINOMliTRA SCHLKGELH. Remarks. The specimen described above is a somewhat mutilated one belonging to a type which is entirely differ- ent from any hitherto described, and at the same time rather rare. I only know of two other species which present the same curious alternation in the number of joints in the successive arm-divisions. It is also interesting as showing a stage in the meta- morphosis of the centrodorsal which is less advanced than that exhibited by Actinometra typica. As in that type the ends of the basal rays are visible externally. The nearest ally of this species is one discovered by Prof. Semper at Paudan near Bohol in the Philippine Islands. It has a thin stellate centrodorsal with traces of cirrhus-sockets still visible , but the joints of the arms and pinnules are quite smooth , and there is no sudden increase in the width of the pinnule joints on the lower parts of the arms , while all the lower pinnules are stouter and more fleshy than in Act. alternans. 18. Actinoinett*tt Svhiegetii , n. sp. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a thin circular disc , hollowed in the cen- tre and bearing about 20 marginal cirrhus-sockets. Cirrhi" lost. First radials almost entirely concealed except for their angles which are rounded , thickened and turned upwards so as to rise somewhat above the level of the rest of the calyx ^). Their distal edges are incurved to receive the convex proximal edges of the trapezoidal second radials which are closely united laterally. Axillaries short, barely half as long again as the second radials, widely triangu- lar and in contact laterally. More than 80 arms , the rays dividing five times; each division of three joints the axill- ary with a syzygy. Rays and their subdivisions somewhat closely united by plated perisome as far as the palmar 1) Tlie inuiith is supposed to bu dowiivvarils and I he dorsal surlaoc ujiwards. Notes tVoixi the Leyden Museum , Vol. Ill ACTINOMETRA .SCHLEGELII. 211 axillaries, and the apposed sides of contiguous joints are flattened laterally First joints after each axillary closely united laterally, and the second ones but little separated. First two brachials wide and about equal in length, the second being the more wedgeshaped. The next two or three joints roughly oblong , and the following ones wide, wedgeshaped, and strongly overlap- ping , their distal edges being much raised Arms dimorphic. In the long slowly tapering anterior ones of 150 + joints the joints are wedgeshaped till quite near the end, the later ones being relatively shorter , blunter, and smoother, and the terminal ones squarer elongating just at the end. The posterior arms taper much more rapidly and end af- ter about 120 joints, those of the latter third being very bluntly wedgeshaped and the terminal ones squarer. First syzygium on 3rd brachial; the next from 9 — 13 usually on 10 or 11; then an interval of 1 — 5, usually 3, joints between successive syzygia. Second joints of all the ray divisions have long and fairly stout pinnules, decreasing rather rapidly to that on the 4th brachial, which is not, however, specially short or slender. The following ones considerably stouter and gradually increasing in length , but decreasing in stoutness after about the 25th joint Terminal pinnules slender but not unusually long, especially in the posterior arms The large basal joints of the stout lower pinnules slightly over- lap one another; and the lowest pinnules have a moderate terminal comb which disappears after about the 8th brach- ial. Disc lost; several ungrooved arms. Diameter across the radials 14 mm. Spread probably about 25 ceutim. Colour , skeleton brownish white , the perisome darker. Locality , East Indies ? Remarks. I have much pleasure in connecting this fine species with the name of Professor Schlegel , the accom- plished director of the Leyden Museum. Its specially dis- tinctive character is the peculiarity presented by the first radials , which are flush with the second along the middle line , rVotes* frona the Leyden Museuiu , Vol. Ill, 2 1 '2 ACTINOM KTüA liliN S KTTI . but are thickened aud turned upwards at the angles which appear as five small tubercles around the edge of the cen- trodorsal. It also differs from Act. Bennetti which has a much larger number of cirrlii , in the rays aud their sub- divisions being more closely united, the arm-joints less spiny , and the lower pinnules more massive. 19. Actinonietra Bennetti^ Mus. Leyd. sp. 1841. Alecto Bennetti., Muller. Monatsbericht d. BerHn. Akad. 1811. p. 187. Wiegman's Archiv. 1841. I. p. 146. 1849. Comatula Bennetti, Muller. Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849. p. 264. 1862. Comatula Bennetti, Dujardin. Hist. nat. des Zoo- phytes. Echinodermes , p. 208. 1866. Actinometra Bennetti, Böhlsche. Wiegman's Archiv. 1866. I. p 90. 1879. Actinometra Bennetti, P. H. Carpenter. Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2. Zool. II. p. 27. Centrodorsal large , convex , hollowed in the centre , with two or tliree irregular rows of cirrhus-sockets on its sides , and its angles produced into short processes above which the ends of the basal rays are sometimes visible Cirrhi 40 — 50, of about 25 rather stout joints: the fifth or sixth is slightly longer than broad , the next three or four slightly the longest and the following ones decreasing very grad- ually, nearly all of them being longer than broad. The terminal joints are slightly compressed aud the penultim- ate has a very faint opposing spine. Portions of the first radials are just visible at the angles of the calyx: the second , which are partially concealed by the large centrodorsal have curved proximal edges and are more or less united laterally; the axillaries broadly pentagonal, with incurved distal edges. 70 — 80 arms, the rays divid- ing four or sometimes five times. Each division of o three joints, the axillary with a syzygy. The perisome uniting the rays and their divisions, is more or less plated Notes from the Leydeii IMuseuni, Vol. III. ACTINOMETRA BENNETTI. 213 as far as the third (palmar) axillaries. Arms of 100 -|- joints. First brachials large, partly united with their fel- lows, and not quite oblong, their outer sides being slightly the longer : second joints somewhat shorter and more oblong; third (syzygy) square or just longer than wide. The next four or five joints are transversely oblong, their hinder edges having slight backward projections alternately on opposite sides, the folloAving joints longer , rather sharply wedgeshaped , and overlapping with spiny distal edges. Those after the 40th become shorter , blunter , and more oblong and overlap less distinctly. First syzygium on 3rd brachial; the next between 15 and 18; (17—38, Böhlsche) then an interval of 2—5 (7, Böhlsche) joints, usually 3 or 4 between successive sy- zygia. The second joints of the arm-divisions bear long pinn- ules ; the first two are nearly equal , of 70 joints and nearly 30 mm. in length. The size decreases to that on the sec- ond brachial which is not quite half as long as the first (distichal) pinnule. The next five or six decrease rather more rapidly and the following ones increase again. The pinnules as far as the third or fourth brachial have very strong blunt processes on their last 12 or 15 joints ; in the next six or eight joints the terminal comb becomes less and less prominent and finally disappears altogether. Mouth , radial or nearly so ; all the arms grooved. A few calcareous granules on the disc, especially round the anal-tube. Diameter of disc 30 — 35 mm. Spread about 28 centim. Colour brown or reddish brown. Locality unknown. Coll. Bennett. Remarks. The two specimens on which the above des- cription is based and which were examined by Troschel for Muller , are both considerably mutilated. They differ slightly in the number of cirrhi borne by the centrodorsal and in the extent of its cirrhus-free surface ; also in the development of spines upon the arm-joints, and in the extent to which the perisome is plated between the rays. Notes trotii tlie Leyden Museum , "Vol. III. 214 ACTIXOMETRA TERONII. Müller's description of these two specimens differs some- what fi'om that given above , as he speaks of every fourth joint in the arm-divisons as being an axillary without a syzygium. There are, it is true, four joints, but the last two of these are united by syzygy as in Art. japovica and Act. pm'vinrra. Böhlsche ^j has already pointed out this mistake of Muller (i. e. of Trosehel's) when describing an individual from the Loyalty Islands in the Zoological Museum at Göttingen, There is a similar one from the same neighbourhood (Uea) in the Natural History Museum at Stuttgart, and another from the Pelew Islands in the University Museum at Copenhagen. 20. A-Ctinomeffa Pevonii , n. sp. 1816. Comatula multiradiata, Lamarck (in part). Syst. d'Anim. sans Vert. II, p. 534. 1834. Comatula multiradiata , de Blainville (in part). Ma- nuel d'Actinologie. p. 249. 1849. Comatula (Alecto) multiradiata, Muller (in part). Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 1849, p. 261. 1862. Actinometra miUtiradiata , Dujardin fin part). Hist. Nat. des Zoophytes. Echinodermes. p. 210. Description of an individual. Centrodorsal a convex disc somewhat hollowed in the centre. Cirrhi 25 — 30, in two rows, stout and long (some- times 40 mm.) and composed of about 30 tolerably uniform joints. The joints increase in length up to about the sixth and then slowly diminish, the later ones beiug somewhat compressed laterally and the p^Miultiraate having a faint opposing spine. First radials only visible at the angles where small basals appear; the second planoconvex, barely meeting laterally. Axillaries widely pentagonal with rather sharp distal angles. 66 arms , the rays n Wicfrman's Archiv. 1«C6. I. p. 90. Notes Irom the Leyden. JMuseum, Vol 111. ACTINOMETRA PKRONII. 215 dividing three or occasioually four- times ; each division of three joints, the axillary a syzygy. First distichals very slightly united laterally, the first joints after the other axillaries rather more closely so. Eays well separated, the perisome between them and that between their first divis- ions covered with minute plates. Arras of 150 — 200 joints, the anterior ones slightly the longer. First two brachials somewhat variable in shape, the first being rather the longer. The third (syzygy) short , oblong or nearly square. The next five or six joints nearly oblong, the following ones gradually becoming short and sharply wedgeshaped with slightly raised distal edges. To- wards the middle of the arm the joints are shorter and blunter , with finely denticulate edges , and the terminal ones are oblong or nearly square. The distal margins of most of the arm-joints have pointed forward projections altern- ately on opposite sides. First syzygium on 3rd brachial: the next from 19—25; then an interval of 3— 9 , usually 3 or 4 , joints between successive syzygia. The second joints of the arm-divisions bear long pinn- ules ; the first two are tolerably equal , 30 mm. long, with large basal joints. The size decreases rapidly to about the 8th brachial , after which the pinnules are uni- form in length for a few joints but gradually become stout- er ; the following ones slowly increase in length to near the end of the arm , but are always much shorter than the lowest pinnules. These bear a well marked terminal comb which disappears after about the 10th brachial. The mouth has no very definite position ; between it and the anus are a few calcareous granules. Diameter of disc 35 mm. Spread about 25 centim. Colour light brown. Locality. The South coast of Cerara. Coll. Hoedt. Remarks. I believe this fine specimen to be identical with two others in the Bonn and Paris Museums respect- ively, which were described by Muller along with another Notes from the Lcyden Museum, "V^ol. lU. 216 ACTIXOMF.TRA PERONII. quite distinct type under the name Comatula multiradiata Mull. This specific name was first employed by Linnaeus for various Comatulae (including one in the Retzian collect- ion) which he described , together with the other Starfish- es , under the common name Asierias '). Lamarck *) also employed it to designate some many-armed Comatulae from the voyage of Peron and Lesueur in 1803; and a remarkable specimen in the Bonn Museum was referred to the same type by Goldfuss ') who afterwards dissected it. This , however , may be left out of consideration altogether as no example presenting such very remarkable peculiar- ities as were described by Goldfuss has been met with dur- ing the last fifty years , and his type is now generally known by the name Comaster ^). The name multiradiata is such an exceedingly natural one for a many-armed Comattda, that its very general application to any type with more than ten arms is hardly to be wondered at , and the determination of its proper limits is by no means an easy process. The first steps in this direction were taken by Muller ^) who redescribed one of Lamarck's original specimens under the specific name multifida , leaving multiradiata for the Refzian specimen with which he grouped some Comatidae in the Paris Museum from the voyage of Peron and Lesueur (1803) , and a fine specimen brought from the Moluccas in 1829 by Quoy and Gaimard. He also spoke of a spec- imen in the Bonn Museum by the same name , and said that it ))stimmt audi durch den Besitz der Syzygien an den Axillaria der Arme rait Co7n. multiradiata Retz." I have been courteously permitted to examine all these specimens at Lund, Paris, and Bonn, a privilege for which 1 am much indebted to Professors Quennerstedt, Perrier 1) Systema Naturae, editio decima turtia (Lipsiae 17S8), pars VI, p. 31f)G. 2) Systcme d'Animaux sans Vertcbres, 2rac Ed. (Paris, 1816), Tom. II p 531. 3) Petrcfacta Gcrmaniac, I (üusseldorf, 1826—35), p. 302. 4) .lourn Tjiiiii Sor. Zool. Vo^. XV. pp. éSl— 450. 5) Abhandl. d. Berlin. Akad. 184'.), pp. 261, 262. 265 Notes from the Leyclen JMizseuin , Vol. 111. ACTINOMETRA PERONU. 217 and von Troschel respectively, and I find that Müller's work may be carried a stage farther. The Bonn sjjecimen and a spirit one from Peron's voyage differ very considerably frorn the Retzian type. This re- sembles one of Peron's dry specimens and also that of Quoy and Gaimard from the Moluccas in having but two joints in the secondary and tertiary arms , though there are three joints in the primary arms. In the Bonn specimen on the other hand , and in one from Peron's voyage there are three joints in the secondary and tertiary as well as in the primary arms. But in both types the axillaries are always syzygial or double joints as mentioned by Muller, this being probably the cause which led him to unite them , and at the same time to separate them from Lamarck's other specimen which has no syzygies in the axillary joints (C. multijida). The Leyden specimen which I have described above re- sembles that at Bonn and its fellow at Paris in having three joints in all the arm-divisions , and I have called it Act. Pe- ro7m, the Paris example of the type having been obtained in 1803 by Peron and Lesueur. This type is very similar to Act. Bennetti but differs in having fewer cirrhi, and in the joints composing them being tolerably uniform in size. The arm -joints too are relatively shorter, while both the first and the subsequent syzygial intervals are longer than in Act. Bennetti', and the pinnules which have stouter and shorter joints are more clothed with perisome. This specimen was the host of a Myzostoma which will be described by Professor Graff. Notes from tlae Leyden IMuseum, Vol. III. 14