An Autogamous Rainforest Species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands Warren L. Wagner Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. wagner.warren@nmnh.si.edu Department of Stephen G. Weller and Ann K. Sakai Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717, U.S.A. sgweller@uci.edu, aksakai@uci.edu Arthur C. Medeiros Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Haleakala National Park, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, Hawaii 96768, U.S.A. ASTRA(:T. A new autogamous species of Schie- dea is described and illustrated. It is known only from cliff habitat in rainforest on a single ridge in the Natural Area Reserve, Hanawi, East Maui. With the addition of this species there are 28 spe- cies in this endemic Hawaiian genus. The new spe- cies appears to be most closely related to Schiedea nuttallii, a species of mesic habitats on O'ahu, Mo- loka'i, and Maui. In June 1992 James Jacobi and Arthur Medeiros were collecting in the wet forests of Hanawi, East Maui, when they discovered a species of Schiedea Chamisso & Schlechtendal they considered to be probably new to science. It appeared similar to S. nuttallii Hooker, but close study of the herbarium specimens showed that it was a closely related new species from a much wetter habitat than S. nuttallii. In June 1995 Ken Wood and Steve Perlman revis- ited the population with Medeiros, W. Evanson, and R. Hobdy. They obtained seeds for greenhouse propagation at the University of California, Irvine. Studies of plants grown in the greenhouse con- firmed that they represented a new species, here named Schiedea jacobii. With the addition of this species there are 28 species in this endemic Ha- waiian genus. Observations in the greenhouse also showed that the new species is autogamous and that it shares several characteristics with another rain- forest species in the genus, S. diffusa A. Gray. These shared characters, related to the breeding system and to seed dispersal, include anthers shed- ding pollen while the styles are elongated and re- ceptive, and seeds persistent on the placenta after capsule dehiscence. The latter feature may be as- sociated with germination of seeds in the capsule, followed by dispersal of small seedlings, as noted for S. diffuisa (Wagner, unpublished obs.). Schiedea jacobii W. L. Wagner, Weller & Med- eiros, sp. nov. TYPE: Cultivated from seeds at University of California, Irvine greenhouse in 1997. Source: Hawaiian Islands. Maui: East Maui, Hanawi, Kuhiwa unit, E of Hanawi Stream, between Hanawai Stream and Kuhiwa drainage [20�45'N, 156�7'40"W], 6340 ft., E- facing slope, ca. 20 ft. below ridge top, in Me- trosideros montane wet forest, 22 June 1995, S. Perlman, K. Wood, A. Medeiros, R. Hobdr & B. Evanson 14807 (holotype, US-3351775; isotypes, BISH, CANB, CHR, K, MO, NY, PTBG). Figure 1A-H. Haec species S. inttallii similis. sed alt ea caulibus quadrangularibus, tloribus autogamis, sepalis sub angulo ca. 100-135 e pedicello al)eiitilbs. tlubt apicali 1.4-1.8 Figure 1. Schiedea jacobii W.. ,. Wagner. XWeller & Medeiros. -A. Flowering stem. -B. Stern cross section. -C. Portion of inflorescence branch. -I). Flower, showing stamens ready to dehisce and styles elongated and receptive. -E. Adaxial view of sepal with nectary and stamen. -F. D)ehisced capsule surrounded by the sepals exposing the mass of persistent seeds. -(.. Seed lateral view . - . Seed. marginal view. Drawn from live greenhouse material of the type. Novo\ 9: 284-287. 1999. Volume 9, Number 2 1999 Wagner et al. Schiedea jacobii 0.5mm G 285 J",.^f'fyw L' /^ Novon nuni longo ncltarii omniis. stylibus plrumqule 4. semiiniblus colhacrentibus ct persisteinlius dliffert. Perennial herbs or suhshrubs, pale yellowish green throughout; stems 4.0-7.6 dm long, ascend- ing to sprawling when longer, conspicuously qua- drangular, the angles weakly winged, glabrous throughout. Leaves opposite; blade coriaceous, 4.5- 10.5 cm long, 1.4-2.6 cm wide, lanceolate to ob- long-elliptic, only the midvein evident and slightly eccentric, margin slightly thickened and weakly revolute, apex acute to attenuate, base acute to ob- tuse; petiole 0.4-0.8 cm long, the base often flared at juncture with stem and the leaf pair slightly con- nate by petioles. Flowers perfect, facultatively au- togamous, in diachasia on the main and upper lat- eral branches, these forming an open, panicle-like inflorescence 40-50 cm long, the lateral branches 11-18 cm long, ascending, each with 25-35 flow- ers; bracts yellowish green, foliaceous, nearly as large as the leaves in lower portions of central axis and the lateral branches, those in upper part of inflorescence and subtending flowers narrowly lan- ceolate to subulate, 3-11 mm long; pedicels 3-8 mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly in fruit, but none over 9 mm long, conspicuously asymmetri- cally flattened. Sepals 3.9-4.2 mm long, lanceolate, dull yellowish green, greener toward the midrib, sometimes with purple toward apex, thick and opaque, ascending, concave to shallowly navicular toward apex, oriented at ca. 100� to 1350 angle to the pedicel, abaxially smooth and rounded, gla- brous, the margins weakly scarious, sparsely cili- ate, the apex attenuate. Nectary base 0.4-0.5 mm long, somewhat broadened and flattened at base, dark yellow, the nectary shaft 1.4-1.8 mm long, the apex deeply bifid. Stamens 10, the filaments weakly dimorphic, the antisepalous whorl 3.2-3.5 mm long, the alternate set 2.8-3.0 mml long, the anthers attached near the middle, subequal, 0.3-0.4 mm long, yellow, dehiscing after flower opens. Styles (3)4-5, the stigmas receptive when flower opens. Capsule ovoid, 3.7-4.2 mm long. Seeds ca. 16-22 per capsule, 0.7-0.8 mm long, suborbicular, asym- metrical, compressed, brown, rugose, remaining co- herent as a unit and persistent on placenta after dehiscence, seeds eventually dispersing (or per- haps germinating in situ in the wild). Etymology. We are pleased to name this spe- cies in honor of its discoverer, James D. Jacobi, Biological Resources Division, Pacific Islands Sci- ence Center, who has made significant contribu- tions to vegetation ecology and alien plant manage- ment in Hawaii. Distribution and ecology. Known only from wet cliffs, between Hanawai Stream and Kuhiwa drain- age, East Maui, at 1930 m. This area is within a protected Hawaii State Natural Area Reserve. The habitat is a Metrosideros Banks ex Gaertner mon- tane wet forest with Cheirodendron trigynum (Gau- dichaud) A. Heller, Coprosma ochracea W. R. B. Oliver, Dubautia dolosa O. Degener & Sherff, D. plantaginea Gaudichaud, Melicope sp., Sadleria cy- atheoides Kaulfuss, Broussaisia arguta Gaudi- chaud, Elaphoglossum sp., Uncinia uncinata (L.f.) Klikenthal, Deschampsia nubigena Hillebrand, Myrsine lessertiana A. de Candolle, Dryopteris sub- bipinnata W. H. Wagner & Hobdy, D. wallichiana (Sprengel) Hylander, Labordia sp., Peperomia sp., Pipturus forbesii Krajina, Astelia menziesiana Small, Carex alligata Boott, Rubus hawaiiensis A. Gray, and Vaccinium sp. The only known population con- sisted of nine plants when first discovered in 1992, although time for exploration was limited. In 1995 shoots representing only two to four plants could be located with several hours of searching the area. Two recently dead plants were located near the liv- ing ones and eight cotyledon-stage individuals, which may be this species, were found growing among bryophytes. All of the living plants in 1995 were contained within a 2-m" area. A separate small population located downhill in 1992 was not relocated because of a small landslide/tree fall. Other populations may occur in this rugged, largely inaccessible region of East Maui, especially on wet cliffs. Degradation of forests in the Hanawi area by alien animals appears to be the major threat to Schiedea jacobii. The only known population is cur- rently without any evidence of pigs because of Nat- ural Area Reserve System staff efforts. PIarape.s. H tAAIIAN ISI.ANI)S. Maui: East Maui, Hlanawi. Kuhiwa unit. I of Itanawi Stream. between Han- awai Stream and Kuhiwa drainage 120 I.5'N. 150�7''40"W . E-facing slope. ca. (0 in below ridge top. 22 Junc 1)5. Perlman el