An Autogamous Rainforest Species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands Warren L. WagnerDepartment of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.
[email protected] of Stephen G. Weller and Ann K. SakaiEcology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717, U.S.A.
[email protected],
[email protected] Arthur C. MedeirosBiological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Haleakala National Park, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, Hawaii 96768, U.S.A.ASTRA(:T. A new autogamous species of Schie-dea is described and illustrated. It is known onlyfrom cliff habitat in rainforest on a single ridge inthe Natural Area Reserve, Hanawi, East Maui.With the addition of this species there are 28 spe-cies in this endemic Hawaiian genus. The new spe-cies appears to be most closely related to Schiedeanuttallii, a species of mesic habitats on O'ahu, Mo-loka'i, and Maui. In June 1992 James Jacobi and Arthur Medeiroswere collecting in the wet forests of Hanawi, EastMaui, when they discovered a species of SchiedeaChamisso & Schlechtendal they considered to beprobably new to science. It appeared similar to S.nuttallii Hooker, but close study of the herbariumspecimens showed that it was a closely related newspecies from a much wetter habitat than S. nuttallii.In June 1995 Ken Wood and Steve Perlman revis-ited the population with Medeiros, W. Evanson, andR. Hobdy. They obtained seeds for greenhousepropagation at the University of California, Irvine.Studies of plants grown in the greenhouse con-firmed that they represented a new species, herenamed Schiedea jacobii. With the addition of thisspecies there are 28 species in this endemic Ha-waiian genus. Observations in the greenhouse alsoshowed that the new species is autogamous and thatit shares several characteristics with another rain-forest species in the genus, S. diffusa A. Gray.These shared characters, related to the breedingsystem and to seed dispersal, include anthers shed-ding pollen while the styles are elongated and re-ceptive, and seeds persistent on the placenta aftercapsule dehiscence. The latter feature may be as-sociated with germination of seeds in the capsule,followed by dispersal of small seedlings, as notedfor S. diffuisa (Wagner, unpublished obs.).Schiedea jacobii W. L. Wagner, Weller & Med-eiros, sp. nov. TYPE: Cultivated from seeds at University of California, Irvine greenhouse in 1997. Source: Hawaiian Islands. Maui: East Maui, Hanawi, Kuhiwa unit, E of Hanawi Stream, between Hanawai Stream and Kuhiwa drainage [20�45'N, 156�7'40"W], 6340 ft., E-facing slope, ca. 20 ft. below ridge top, in Me-trosideros montane wet forest, 22 June 1995, S. Perlman, K. Wood, A. Medeiros, R. Hobdr & B. Evanson 14807 (holotype, US-3351775; isotypes, BISH, CANB, CHR, K, MO, NY, PTBG). Figure 1A-H. Haec species S. inttallii similis. sed alt ea caulibusquadrangularibus, tloribus autogamis, sepalis sub anguloca. 100-135 e pedicello al)eiitilbs. tlubt apicali 1.4-1.8Figure 1. Schiedea jacobii W.. ,. Wagner. XWeller & Medeiros. -A. Flowering stem. -B. Stern cross section. -C.Portion of inflorescence branch. -I). Flower, showing stamens ready to dehisce and styles elongated and receptive.-E. Adaxial view of sepal with nectary and stamen. -F. D)ehisced capsule surrounded by the sepals exposing themass of persistent seeds. -(.. Seed lateral view . -. Seed. marginal view. Drawn from live greenhouse material ofthe type.Novo\ 9: 284-287. 1999.
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