A New Species of Poupartia (Anacardiaceae) from Madagascar Armand Randrianasolo and James S. Miller Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Poupartia orientalis Capuron ex A. Randrianasolo & J. S. Miller is described from Madagascar, and its distribution, habitat, and phe- nology are discussed. Poupartia orientalis is similar to P silvatica H. Perrier but is distinct in its ev- ergreen habit and subcoriaceous leaflets with fewer and less prominent tertiary veins. Poupartia Commerson is a genus presently con- sidered to comprise seven species restricted to Madagascar, the Mascarenes, and the Seychelles. Perrier de la Bathie (1946) recognized five species in Madagascar, but Poupartia caffra (Sonder) H. Perrier was transferred to Sclerocarya Hochstetter by Kokwaro (1986), and P gummifera Sprague, a species that occurs in Madagascar and Seychelle Islands, was transferred to Operculicarya H. Perrier by Capuron (1975). More recently, Friedmann (1994) accepted P gummifera in his treatment of Anacardiaceae of the Seychelles over Operculicarya gummifera (H. Perrier) Capuron, a decision agree- ing with Eggli's (1995) revision that excluded 0. gummifera from his concept of Operculicarva. Three other species of Poupartia are endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Friedmann, 1997), bringing to seven the total number of species in this genus prior to this publication. Latin American and Asian taxa previously considered to belong to Poupartia have all been transferred to other genera (Hill, 1937; Metcalf, 1931; Cheng & Ming, 1980). A forthcoming revision of Poupartia will provide ad- ditional information about P gummifera as well as a key for identifying all known species (Randriana- solo & J. S. Miller, in prep.). During preparation of a revision (of Anacardi- aceae for Madagascar, it became apparent that a group of specimens collected in the northeastern and mid-eastern regions of the island represents an undescribed species. Although no specimens of male individuals were observed, study of the female flowers and fruits indicates that this undescribed species belongs to Poupartia. Poupartia orientalis Capuron ex A. Randriana- solo & J. S. Miller, sp. nov. TYPE: Madagas- car. Toamasina (Est): foret sublittorale, sur sa- bles, au Sud de Soanieran'Ivongo (P.K. 154), 27 Nov. 1962 (fl and yfr), SF 22124 Capuron (holotype, P; isotype, MO). Figure 1. NovoN 9: 546-548. 1999. Arbor uisquce ad 15-20 in alto. oltia persistcitia. alter- a:; toliolis 7 ;i 13. oppiositis vel sui1oppositis. itcr inali obovato. lateralilus inaequaliter ovatis. 3,.5- .0 ncm longis, apice acuminalis. base iniequaliter obttusis. supra ct infra glabhratis: petiolulis 3-4 rini longis. Inflorcscc ntia axillar- is. racitrosa. .-7 cmi lorga: pedicellis 1-5 t n longis. Ilores Ifctini i 5-miiri: lou)l lis (orollinis reflexis. oxalis. 2.5-3.5 Imm longis: s llis 5. Frunlts (Iruipaleus. lat ovo- idul s ad suil)gloi)l)osi . I.5-2 rii longus. 5-loe'laris. 5 oper<'ulatits. Evergreen trees, 15-20 m tall; young twigs gen- erally glabrous and with lentieels, rarely with sparse hairs at the tips of branches or branchlets. Leaves alternate, often clustered at the end of branches or branchlets. imparipinnately compound, 15-30 cm long; leaflets 7 to 13, opposite or subop- posite, subcoriaceous, lateral leaflets asymnnmetri- cally ovate and the terminal ones obovate, 3.5-9 cm long, 1.5-4 em wide, the apex long acuminate, the base unequally obtuse, sometimes very shortly decurrent, the margin entire and slightly revolute, the adaxial surface pubescent when young, almost glabrous when older except for a few hairs left on the midvein and on the margin at the leaflet base, abaxial surface pubescent when young, glabrous when mature, venation pinnate, generally brochi- dodromous but sometimes basal lateral veins reti- culodromous, the midvein prominent on the lower surface, the lateral veins arcuate, very slightly prominent on the lower surface, the tertiary veins very few, not prominent, ramified and admedial, sometimes connecting two adjacent lateral veins; petiolule of terminal leaflet 5-30 mm long; petio- lules of lateral leaflets 3-4 mm long, pubescent or glabrescent. Male inflorescence and flowers un- known. Female inflorescence axillary, racemose. 5- 7 cm long, pubescent, sometimes glabrous; bracts very caducous, not observed. Flowers generally 5- merous, unisexual, small, ca. 3 mm long; pedicels 41-5 nmn long, scabrous or pubescent; calyx lobes deltate, ca. 1 mm long and ca. 1 mm wide, pubes- cent, imbricate; corolla lobes reflexed at anthesis, ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, glabrous, yellow or pale yellow, imbricate. Staminodes in 2 whorls of 5; filaments 1-1.5 mm long (episepalous ones longer than epipetalous), straight and broad- ened at the base, inserted basally on the outer sur- face of the disc, glabrous, white; anthers ovate, ca. Volume 9, Number 4 1999 Randrianasolo & Miller Poupartia orientalis from Madagascar 547 5 mm g Figure 1. Poupartia orientalis Capuron ex A. Randrianasolo & J. S. Miller. -a. Branch with inflorescences. -b. Female flower with one petal removed. -c. Leaflet tertiary veins. -d. Infructescence. -e. Fruit. -f. Cross section of fruit. -g. Polar view of endocarp opercula. -h. Inflorescence branches. Drawn from the type. 548 Novon 0.3 ruil long, yellow, dorsifixel, introrse, dehiscent by longitudinal slits, sterile and glabrous; disce fleshy and c(rater-shaped. ca. 1.5 nin diarn. and ca. 0.5 nuin thick; ovary very widlyi ovate to subglo- bose, 1-1.2 m111 long, ca. I tiii broad, glabrous, 5- locular of which 41 are fertile (only two ovules de- velop. tihe rest atbort), ovules anatroptous. with apical placentation: stvles 5. distinclt an short. 0.2-0.5 tnii long, latero-alical, around the top, with five capitate stigmas. Fruits drupaceous, vtery widely ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-2 'ii long. 1.3-2 (in broad, glabrous exocarp thin. niesocarp thin and resinous. emndlarlp lionv and ttick, with 5 op- erelles. Hlabitat an1 di.tribution. Poupartia orientali. is known froum northeastern andl iid-eastern littoral and sulblittoral wet forests of Madagascar, where it grows on sandy or lateritic soils. l'henolog. This species flowers in October- Novemnber andl fruits fromn I)ecember through J une. Ierniaculair nalme. Sakoanala. Sakoala. Di:clussion. In lprviios publications, species of tfiistirtia have been described either as polyga- tnmodioecious ('Perrier de la BaLthie, 1I146) or dine- cious (Friedlnann, 114. 19977). Our oblservations oif specitens of,1 the Malagasy species inchluded in this genus confirm that male and female flowers are' consistently founl on separate individuals. In al- lition, the male flowers always display a reduced gynou'iun1 with the fertile stamens, and female towers Lhav r1'educ1 andil sterile stailliens o slanl- inlodes with lie functllional gynoecliui. Soliittiles female flowers sleem to have regular-sized stamelts. bult the anthers of these stalllelis lack Iplleni grains and are sterile and non-fuincltional. Thi's, observa- tions suggest that PIoipartir ' species art' dioecious, anll although lomuirti orientaili:. is known only fromI specimens with fiemale flowers, it appears inol to be all exception.t Pouipartti orientalis anti . <'l clipeli/'ri ((Guillau- Ininl) lt. Perrier, both from eastern Madagascar. are the only two evergreen' sp'cie's of Ppaltiartia in Madagascar. l However, despite their overlappingl distribution and ecological similarity, numerous characters distinguisht these two species froi one another. Palpufrtia orientalics has 5-locular fruits with five opercules (Fig. 1) compared with thie uni- locular, but bi-oper(ulate fruits of P. chapelieri. In addition. P orientalis has pedicels that are 4-5 nun long and petals that are 2.5-3.5 Imni long. as cot,- pared to the nearly sessile and smaller flowers Iof P chapellieri. which have pedticels 0.3-0.5 liin loing and petals ca. 2 IinI long. P'ipa(rtii .ilraticla tl. Perrier is perhaps the species mnost easily confused with P orientalis, as it has a similar infllrescence and flower size. However, P. silratica differs in be- ing eciduous. in having il aiI nembranaceous leaf- lets with more ramified, closely spaced tertiary veins, and in occurring only in the northwest and west of Madagascar. ReH' (;alpuron, a French oltanist working in Madagascar. was tihe first person to recognize that specimenlis collec'ted from northeast Madagascar probably represented a new species, and he anno- tated the specimens as such. However, he did not publish the name Pouparltjia orien talis; we honor him and his contributions to the Malagasy flora by accepting the name that he proposed. I'nar, a/,t,. MAI)\(;AS<;AI. Anisirananii: Antalalaha I';st (No' d). lalt'le hisalltique i'Anihllniitzanlia. tlr' ol' \mn ralunliag (anl ' alalia). I Ic'Ir'S. 51r'i12'l. I I Siint I17. NF 277;t ' greiiu C l it(P. Teialimauini: Bricka- (4illll'. utn ldikiji L.ohsarindtva. lli 7' 3t". 4 I vtl0'. 15 un ilost' i.i . F 'H0Oi (P): Marotslntselra, t;iraikarlaina 1 25'S. '.2'l. 12 hI'l>. 1951. .h' 1291i.5 (MOI. It 2 I l'sh ts: Miaroanilse.lr. .laiinl i (-13 5. tiiggli. I . I993. \ silnoltIical re isiont of Opt'rculii'ctr (i (A \inuantuliiane ae). Bull. Mils. Natl. Ilst. Nat.. f"lnit ser.. 17(;3- 1): 11 -1511. l'riitliin inn I. 1 . l. \inacardiaciae '. IPp. .117-422 in: t lor, ,Is S 'vchellh-.. I)icni l ,'dloi. . lEdlilions (de I'Orston,. Paris. . l 7. Atl;ircdi'lcl'es. 77 inle l aniille. Flore des M1ascarcignts. Published It\ Thel" Sugar inlusir He- search Insliluht. Mauritiius: (Or>tmin. Paris; and oy\al IBmotanic (Gardeni-s. Ke. Illt. A. \\. 1937. T'hmil e icltotl of gerniiniation of seeds cnIclch.sd in a slonIIy endi. Anncardiacenc. Flora of 'lT'ropical l as f Mrica. A. \. Halkenia. ioll'rdanla ltostot. Mletcalf F.iP I931. Notes oin Chinese plants. J. Arnold Arlbor. 12: 27() 273. 1'errii'r i la BSaihiw'. II. 14(). Anacardnliacccs. 114 I nte laniillc. I"lore de Mailigascar e l des (Coiiort's. M11iisinl National ,'tHi-stire Nalturclle. Paris.