A New Species and Notes on Drymonia (Gesneriaceae) from Costa Rica Ricardo Kriebel Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. rkriebel@inbio.ac.cr ABSTRACT. A new species of Drymonia Martins, D. rubripilosa, is described, illustrated, and compared to D. multiflora (Oersted ex Hanstein) Wiehler, its closest presumed relative. The new species is distinguished by its sparsely to densely red-pilose stem apices, petioles, pedicels, calyxes, corollas, and ovaries. Its bivalved, fleshy capsule with fleshy indehiscent endocarp concealing the seeds is unique for Costa Rican species, shared otherwise only with D. folsomii and D. multiJlora. Taxonomic comparison with D. multiflora and keys to separate the latter from D. rubripilosa are discussed. REiSLtMN. Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Drymonia Martius, D. rubripilosa, y se la compara con D. multiflora (Oersted ex Hanstein) Wiehler, especie que se presume es su pariente mas cercana. La nueva especie se distingue por sus ramitas distales, peciolos, pedicelos, calices, corolas y ovarios esparcida a mode- radamente rojo-pilosos. Su capsula bivalvada, car- nosa, con el endocarpo indehiscente y carnoso, que cubre a las semillas, es unico para las especies costarricenses, y compartido unicamente con D. folsomii y D. multiflora. Se hace la comparacion taxonomica con D. multiflora y se disculen las claves para separar a esta de D. rubripilosa. Key words: Costa Rica, Drymonia, Gesneriaceae. Drymonia Marlius is one of the largest genera of Gesneriaceae in the Neotropics, with an estimated 140 species (Burtt & Wiehler, 1995). Traditionally, Drymonia has been separated from other genera in the tribe Episciae because of its basal poricidal de- hiscence of the anthers. Other characters that stand out in the genus are the scandent habit of many of its species and the usually funnel-shaped corolla with spurred base and laciniate lobes. The last and only revision of Costa Rican Drymonia was carried out by C. V. Morton in 1938 for Paul Standley's Flora of Costa Rica; Morton recognized 12 species of the genus. Since then, nomenclatural and taxonomic actions have yielded a total of 19 species for the country, making the genus the second largest in Costa Rica after Columnea (36 spp.) and before Besleria (15 spp.). Continuing efforts to document Costa Rica's flora through the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica project have produced interesting speci- mens of a new species of Drymonia as proposed below. Drymonia rubripilosa Kriebel, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Limdn: Faja Costefia de Limdn, Asunci6n, 9�54'10"N, 83�10'20"W, 280 m, 15 Mar. 1995, A. Estrada 399 (holotype, INB; isotypes, CR, MO). Figure 1. Ilaec species Drymoniae multilorae (Oersted ex Hanst.) Wiehler affinis, sed pedicellis minorilus, lamina el calycis lobalis majoribus, ramis, petiolis, pedicellis, corolla el ovario rubropilosis differt. Semi-woody lianas; stems � terete, sparsely to densely red-pilose apically, trichomes ca. 1 mm long, internodes 1-7.5 cm, 1.5-4 mm diam., with reddish flaky epidermis in older stems, frequently with adventitious roots. Leaves somewhat unequal in a pair; petiole 3-10 mm long, 0.75-1.25 mm diam., red- pilose; blade elliptic, oblong or obovate, 3-13 X 1.6- 6 cm, chartaceous, apex acuminate, base acute to rounded, margin denticulate to serrate, veins pinnate, 3 to 6 on each side, prominent on lower side, usually red, glabrous adaxially, sparsely to moderately pilose amaxially, especially on the prominent veins, tri- chomes 0.75-1.3 mm long. Inflorescence of solitary, axillary lowers; peduncles lacking; bracts inconspic- uous, linear, 2.5-5 mm long, red; pedicels 5-10 mm long, densely red-pilose. Flowers with calyx lobes divided almost to the base, 1.6-3 cm long, 3-15 mm wide at the base, the dorsal lobe somewhat smaller than the rest, lanceolate, the apex subulate, the margin deeply toothed to fimbriate, red to dark red; corolla 3-4 cm long, white with yellowish tinges inside the tube, with purple veins on the lobes adaxially, red-pilose especially on the distal exterior half of the tube dorsally, the latter ventricose toward the limb but then somewhat contracted, the spur ca. 5 mm long, glabrous, the limb somewhat 2-lipped, the lobes erose, the ventral lobe somewhat larger; stamens adnate to the corolla base, filaments connate above attachment to corolla, coiling after anthesis; disc a single posterior nectariferous gland; ovary 3-4 mm long at anthesis, red-pilose; style ca. 2 cm long. Fruit NovoN 16: 65-68. PUBLISHED ON 25 MAY 2006. Novon cm. [ 1cm. 1 ,o ] ]l D IcmmE. c 5mm. B.1cm. D. C.m. 5mm. jcm. GH Icm. Figure I. DOr'YI ia rubripilo.sa Kriebel. A . I la ii. - I. Calyx lol'. (-C. Corolla, la.ral view. - 1). CorIlla. Iroiial virw. 1. (;,. I. I . Alvri ex l cl,(l. 3991.). Volume 16, Number 1 2006 Kriebel Drymonia from Costa Rica a fleshy capsule persistent in the calyx, ovoid, 1.6 X 1.3 cm, purple, dehiscing by 2 valves that are light purple adaxially and that expose a mass of seeds within the persistent purple endocarp, the latter indehiscenl; seeds 0.4-1 mmn, oblong, beige, with inconspicuous longitudinal lines, not twisted. Distribution and habitat. Drymonia rubripilosa is so far endemic to Costa Rica, where it is restricted to remaining forests in the northern (Boca Tapada region) and central (Barhilla and Braulio Carrillo National Parks, La Selva OTS Field Slalion) Caribbe- an lowlands, at 50-300 ml, where it can be found climbing over small trees in the underslory or in clearings. It is anticipated to appear in similar habitats in Nicaragua. Phenology. Plants have been collected in flower from March to June and in fruit from June to September. Drymonia rubripilosa can be distinguished by its scandent habit with numlerous adventitious roots: sparse to dense red-pilose indlument on distal Iranchlets and pedicels, the calyx, and the distal half of the corolla tubes and ovaries; short pedicels; andI a conspicuously spurred corolla base and an essentially white corolla with ipurple-nerved lobes. It is most similar to and has been found to growx sympalrically with D. multiflora (Oersted ex lHanslein) \\ieitler at the La Selva Field Station, Sarapiqui . Heredia, Costa Rica, where they were first distin- guished in 1979 in the following extract from a "Key to the Ia Selva Drymonia" (B. Hammel, pers. obs.): 7. Plants red-brown pubescent; older stemis with tlhin briown epidern is ....................... ............ D. "llmagentl a calyx" ID. ruhripilosal 7'. Plants glabrous; stems green .............. .......... D. "little mlage tll a calyx" ID. miulliforal Although the above key would apply to Drymonia rubripilosa, it would not completely discriminate D. multi/lora because a few specimens of D. multiflora found in the Talamanca mountain range have reddish flaky epidermis on the stems. A more complete key to separate these sometimes confused species is pre- sented below. KlinY Tor T\i D)lat Y\o i Sr'Ec::s iN CorST\ Illfr la. Stem apices, petioles, pedicels, tle clislal half of corolla tubes and ovaries sparsely to densely red- pilose; leaf blades 3-13 X (1.2-)1.6-6 em; pedicels 0.5-1 cm long: calyx lobes 1.6-3 cm long; epidermis of the sterns usually reddlish brown and flaky; corolla base conspicuously spurred; northern and central Caribbean lowlands in Costa Hica, 50-300 n elevation .......... I. rubripilosa lb. Stem apices and petioles strigillose to white- sericeous; pedicels white-sericeous Io white-pilose; corollas glabrous to white-pilose; ovary white- pubescent; leaf blades 1.4-6.7(-11.5) X ().7-2( 4) (n; pedicels 1-3.5 cm long: calyx lobes to 1.7 (ci long; epidermis of the steir s green, rarely reddlish and flaky; corolla base usually not spurred; Caribbean slope of the Guanacaste, Tilarin, Central and Talamanca mountain ranges in Costa Iica, also in Mexico, Nicaragua, andl lanama, (100-)70()-1400 ni elevation. ............... ..... . . . nultiflora (Oersted ex Ilaiislein) \ iehler To recognize specimens and individuals of Drymo- nia rubrifilosa in the field, it is also important to understand its sister species, D. multiflora. The latter seems to have two recognizable forms in Costa Rica. From the 41 specimens of D. multi/lora examined at INB, 26 share the following characters: chartaceous, elliptic Io lanceolate leaf blades to 6.7 em with weakly impressed secondary veins and strigillose to glabrous surfaces abaxially, calyx lobes pulerulent to glabrous, margins toothed, pedicels strigillose. and corollas mostly lacking a spur at the base, glabrous throughout, and to 2.5 cm long. Sixteen of these specimens are from the Talamanca mountain range in Costa Rica, and 10 are from the Tilarnti mountain range, where both forms are sympalric. The second form is restricted to the northern cordilleras of Tilarin and Guanacaste in Costa Rica (represented by 15 specimens) and differs from the first in its membra- nous to somewhat translucent, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-obovate, usually larger leaves to 11.5 cm, wilh clearly impressed and moderately strigose secolary venlation abaxially, calyx lobes sparsely to moderalely pilose, calyx margins deeply toothed, pedicels strigillose to sparsely pilose, and corolla wilt a conspicuous spur at the base, sparsely pilose andi longer to 3.1 cm. I believe the differences noted above are not worthy of specific slalus, but do reflect the population variability in D. multi/lora. Another vegetatively similar species to both taxa discussed above is Drymonia folsomii I. Skog, which, in Costa Rica, is restricted to 'Tapanti National Park and therefore is sympatric with D. multiflora but not with D. rubripilosa. Drymonia fol.sofii and D. multiflora are easily distinguished because the first has a subcampanulate corolla with a purple spot inside and white lobes (vs. a + straight and funnel- shaped corolla with white tube sometimes tinged with yellow, with purple-veined corolla lobes in D. multiflora). These three species (Drfmonia folsomii I). multi- flora, and D. rubripilosa) share what seems to be a unique fruiting character for Costa Rican species of the genus. In these species, the bivalved, fleshy capsule opens to expose a fleshy, indehiscent endocarp surrounding the seeds (vs. a bivalved, fleshy capsule opening to expose a mass of funicles and Novon seeds without any trace of the endocarp). The reason for this could have to d