New or Noteworthy Species of Cardamine (Brassicaceae) from China Ihsan A. Al-ShehbazMissouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A.ABSTRACT. Cardamine changbaiana, C. fargesi-ana, and C. lihengiana are described as new, andtheir relationships and distinguishing charactersare discussed. The new combination C. purpuras-cens is proposed, and a detailed description andspecimen citation of this poorly understood speciesof Cardamine are provided. During revision of the Brassicaceae for the forth-coming volume 8 of the Flora of China, it becamenecessary to provide formal description of the fol-lowing novelties to make the names available forthis volume.Cardamine changbaiana Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Jilin: Changbai Shan, Tianchi, rocky slopes, 2600 m, 1 Aug. 1957, Qian Jiaju 580 (holotype, PE). Herba perennis scaposa, glabra. rhizomata. 2-8 cmalta. Folia basalia rosulata, ovata, subcordata, vel oblonga,simplicia vel triloba, 2-10 X 1.5-8 mm; petiolis nonaur-iculatis. 0.3-3.5 cm longis. Folia caulina nulla vel unum.Pedicelli fructiferi 2-7 mm longi, erecti. Sepala oblonga,1.3-1.7 X 0.6-0.8 mm. Petala alba, obovata, 3-3.5 X1.5-1.8 mm. Fructus lineares. 1-2 cm X 1.3-2 mm: stvlo0.5-2 mm longo. Semina oblonga vel oblongo-ovata. 1.2-1.5 X 0.8-1.1 mm. Perennial herbs 2-8 cm tall, scapose, glabrousthroughout. Rhizome slender, 0.4-0.7 mm diam.Stems erect, leafless, or rarely 1-leaved. Basalleaves rosulate, fleshy; petiole 0.3-3.5 cm long; leafblade simple or rarely 3-lobed, broadly ovate, sub-cordate, or oblong, 2-10 x 1.5-8 mm, cordate toobtuse, margins entire or repand, apex rounded toobtuse. Cauline leaves absent, rarely 1 and petio-late, similar but narrower than basal leaves, petiolebase not auriculate. Racemes terminal, 2-to 5(to7)-flowered, ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels erect tosubascending, 2-7 mm long, straight. Sepals ob-long, 1.3-1.7 X 0.6-0.8 mm. Petals white, obovate,3-3.5 X 1.5-1.8 mm, base tapering into claw 0.4-1 mm long, apex rounded to subemarginate. Fila-ments 1.4-2 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.6-0.8 mmlong. Ovules 8 to 12 per ovary. Fruit linear, 1-2cm x 1.3-2 mm; gynophore 0.3-1 mm long; valvessmooth, glabrous; style 0.5-2 mm long. Seedsbrown, oblong to oblong-ovate, 1.2-1.5 X 0.8-1.1mm, neither winged nor margined. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting in July andAugust. Habitat. Rocky slopes on wet soil; elevation2500-2600 m. Distribution. China (Jilin Province). On the basis of Nakai's (1914) original descrip-tion of Cardamine resedifolia L. var. morii Nakai.it appears that the variety is the same as C. chang-baiana, sharing similar plant size, fruit length, andlong-petiolate leaves. For reasons discussed below,however, I prefer to describe the taxon as a newspecies instead of proposing a new combinationwithout examining the two syntypes of that variety.Nakai (1914) indicated that the petals of varietymorii are 5 mm long and the leaves are lyrate, butin the three specimens of C. changbaiana availablefor my study, the petals are 3-3.5 mm long and theleaves are simple. Cardamine changbaiana is clearly very differentfrom the European C. resedifolia in a number of fea-tures. The former has petals 3-3.5 mm long, wing-less seeds, oblong anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long, leaflessor 1-leaved stems, nonauriculate petiolar bases,smooth fruit valves, 8 to 12 ovules per ovary, andundivided cauline leaves. By contrast, C. resedifoliahas petals 5-6 mm long, broadly winged seeds (wingca. 0.5 mm diam.), ovate anthers 0.2-0.4 mm long,leafy stems, strongly auriculate to amplexicaul pet-iolar bases, torulose valves, 20 to 30 ovules per ova-ry, and pinnatisect to deeply ternate cauline leaves(Akeroyd, 1993; Schultze-Motel, 1986). Further-more, the type locality of C. changbaiana is sepa-rated by about 10,000 air miles from the nearest siteof C. resedifolia in Rumania (Jalas & Suominen,1994), and I prefer not to recognize the two as va-rieties of a single species. Cardamine changbaianaand C. resedifolia are well illustrated in Cheo (1987)and Schultze-Motel (1986), respectively. The nearest relative of Cardamine changbaianais C. nipponica Franchet & Savatier (Japan, Tai-wan). The former has leafless or rarely 1-leavedstems, simple or rarely 3-lobed basal leaves, non-auriculate petioles, obovate petals 3-3.5 mm, and NovoN 10: 323-328. 2000.
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