ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA . XXIV Harold N. Moldenke VERBENA [Dorst.] L. Additional synonymy: Verbenella Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 237 — 238. 18U0. Glandularia Schau. apud Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 199. 1858. Verbera Bert, ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: kl, in syn. 1977. Additional & emended bibliography: Apul. Barb., Herb., ed. 1. lh30-lU83j Anon., Dialogue des Creatures, dial. 30. lU82j April. Barb,, Herb., ed. 2. 1528; Anon., Bastiment de3 Receptes, fol. 59 vert. iShh; H. Bock [Tragus], Stirp. Max. Germ. 102, 210, & 211. 1552; Clus., Rar. Stirp. Obser. Hist. 2: 372—373. 1576} Dodoens [l'Ecluse], Hist. PI. 96 L 97. 1667} P. Herm., Parad. Eatav. Prodr. [ed. Warton] . 1689J Dill, in Tay, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, 236. 1721*; P. Herm., Mus. Zeyl., ed. 2, 58. 1726; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 1, 10 — 11. 1737; Breyn., Prodr. Fasc. Rar. PI., ed. 2, 2: 100 & 10U. 1739; Strand in L., Amoen. Acad. 69: bh9. 1756; L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, imp. 1, 2: 851 (1759) and ed. 10, imp. 2, 2: 851. 1760; Chomel, Abr6g. Hist. PI. Usuel., ed. 6, 1: 1U3 (1761) and ed. 6, 2 (2): 18, 85—87, & 251. 1761} L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 27—29. 1762; Jacq., Obs. Bot. U: 6—7, pi. 85 & 86. 1771} Ginanni, Is tor. Civ. Nat. Pinet. Ravenn. 177. 177U; Chomel, Abr£g. Hist. PI. Usual, ed. 6 nov., 89, 313, 527, & 637. 1782; Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 8. 1788; F. Hernandez, Hist. PI. Nuev. Espafi., ed. 1, 1: 139 & U39 (1790) and ed. 1, y. 3 & U86. 1790; k'oebch, Suppl. Meth. PI. 131 & 150—151. 1802; Chomel, Ab- reg. Hist. PI. Usuel., ed. 7, 1: 175 & 195 (1803) and ed. 7, 2: 293 & U88. 1803} Stokes, Bot. L'at. Med. 1: 38—39. 1812; A. Rich., Bot. M6d. 1: 2U2— 2U3. 1823; Dierbach Arzneimit. Hippok. 85 & 270. 182U; A. Rich, [transl. G. KunzeJ , Med. Eot. 1: 381 (l82h) and 2: 1302. 1826; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, Ul8— 1*19. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2U6— 2h7 (1330) and ed. 2, 2U6— 2U7. 1332; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 602 & 680. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552, 553, 575, & 602. 1832} A. Dietr., Handb. Pharmaceut. Bot. Ill & U.2. 1837} D. Dietr., Taschenb. Arzneigew. Deutschl. 58 & 262. I838; Baxt. in Lour., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: 630. 1839 j G. Don. in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2U6— 2U7. 1839; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: IQh & 7U.. 1839; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 575 & 602. 1839} Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3 768. 1839 J Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9s 227 & 236— 2U. 18U0; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 52U, U35— 557, 6II4, & 736. 18U7; Webb in Hook., Niger Fl. 161. 182*9} Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850} G. Don in Loud., Hort. Erit. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 680 & 733. 1850; Anon., Croniqueur du Perigord 120. 1853 j F. Lenormant, Bull. Soc . Bot. France 2: 315— 320. 1855} Schnitzlein, Iconogr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. [2], [3], & 137, fig. h— 22 & 30. 1856} Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 117 118 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 3: 199, h9k—h96, & 507. 1858} A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 50. 1862} Paine, Ann. Rep. Univ. N. Y. 18: [PI. Oneida Co.] 109. 1865; Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1, 936 — 9h2 (1865) and ed. 2, 2: 973 — 979. 1866} Symphor Vaudor€, Lettr. Vieux Laboureur 88. 1867} J. Cousin, Seer. Mag. 1868: 7, 37, & h$. 1868} Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 3, Is 1197—1203. 1870} Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. U: U13. 18 7U} Chenaux, Diable & Ses Comes 53 & 5U. 1876} Anon., Rev. du Tarn 1877: 39. 1877} Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 6: 112 [PI. David. 1: 232], 1883} Strobl, Oes- terr. Bot. Zeitschr. 33s U06. 1883} Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr. Suppl. 3: 195. 188U} Balf . f ., Bot. Socotra 232 & 1*37. 1888; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 502 & 510. 1891} J. Camus, Recept. France in Bull. Soc. Syndic. Pharmac. Cote-d'Or. 10. 1892} J. Feller, Bull. Folklore 2: 105—109. 1893} Nairne, Flow. PI. West. India 2u9. l89u} Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. U, 1065—1070. 189U} Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 178. 1898} Van Tieghem, Elem. Bot., ed. 3, 2: 372 & 373. 1898} Bidault, Superst. M<§d. Morvan 36. 1899} Diels, Fl. Cent .-China 5U7. 1902} Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 3, 187. 1903} Anon., Rev. Tradit. Populaires 190Us 162 (190U) and 1905: 160 & 296. 1905} Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 78, 182, & 257. 1907} Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 5, 192 (1907) and ed. 6, 198. 1909} Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 7, 31U, fig. 1j13 C— F. 1912} Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 7U— 75. 1912} Beg. & Vacc, Ann. di Bot. 12: 118. 1913} Reynier, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 62 [ser. h, 15] J 205. 1915} Pamp., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It., ser. 2, 23: 28U. 1916} Skottsb., Kgl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 56 (5): 291—292. 1916} Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 8, 318, fig. U13 C— F. 1919} Pennell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club U6: 186. 1919} Knoche, Fl. Balearic, imp. 1, 1: 59. 1921} Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 1*5 (l)s 583. 1923} Sydow in Just, Bot. Jah- resber. U5 (l) : U02. 1923} Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 9 & 10, 339, fig. Ul8 C— F. 192l>; Robledo, Bot. Med. 267 & 392. 192k} Cavara, Atti Soc. It. Prodr. Sc. lij: 337. 1925} Krause in Just, Bolt. Jahresber. U*: 1172, 1195, & 1212. 1926} Pittier, Man. PI. Usuel. Venez. 395, 398, & 1*50. 1926} Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. I46 (1): 717 & 718. 1926} Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. Uh: 153U. 1927} Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. U9 (1): 522. 1928} Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. U6 (2): 712. 1929} Freise, Bol. Agric. S2o Paulo 3^s U80 & U9U. 1933} Gunther, Herb. Apul. Barb. [I6v], 106, 113, 128, & 129. 1935; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, ser. 2, 21* (2): [Comm. Loud. J 15, 331, & UU*. 1935} Diels in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 11, 339, fig. U32 C— F. 1936} M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 1, 188 & 214*. 1938} Rohde, Rose Recipes, imp. 1, 21. 1939} W. Trea- lease, PI. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody PI., ed. 5, imp. 1, llth & 187. 19U0} F. Hernandez, Hist. PI. Nuev. Espafi., ed. 2, 653 & 67U. 19^3} Roi, Atl. PI. Med. Chin. [Mus. Heude Not. Bot. Chin. 8:] 96. 19li6} A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 1, 90, 168, & 283. 1951} Conard, PI. Iowa hk. 1951} Hatta, Kubo, & Watanabe, List Med. PI. ll*. 1952} Sonohara, Tawada, & Amano [ed. E. H. Walker], Fl. Okin. 132. 1952} Pdtelot, Arch. Recherch. Agron. & 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 119 Past. Viet. 18: 178, [2U3], & 2hk. 1953J P^telot, PI. M6d. Camb. Laos & Viet. 2: 178, [2l*3], & 2hh (195U) and Us 21, 39, 70, 170, 18U, 193, 208, & 300. 195U; Spencer, Just Weeds, ed. 2, xii & 199- 20li, fig. 61 & 65. 1957 J H. A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77. 1959; Hall & Thompson, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 39: 7h. 1959 J Cooperroder, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (5)« 70. 1962; Lind & Tallantire, Some Com. Flow. PI. Uganda, ed. 1, 11*5 & 2^8. 1962; Whitlock & Rankin, New Techn. Dried Fls. 25. 1962; A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 2, 90, 168, & 283. 1966; Banerji, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 19 (2): 75. 1966; Bwan in Thieret, Southwest. La. Journ. 7: 11, 3U, & U2. 1967; P. W. Thomp- son, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 52: 37. 1967; B. C. Harris, Eat Weeds 39. 1968; Spencer, All About Weeds xii & 199— 20U, fig. 61* & 65. 1968j W. Trelease, PI. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody PI., ed. 5, imp. 2, Ihh & 187. 1968; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 2, 10—11. 1968; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 1*8: 571. 1969; Barriga-Bonilla, Hernandez-Camacho, Jaramillo-T . , Jarami llo-Me jia , Mora-Osejo, Pinto-Escobar, & Ruiz-Carranza, Isla San Andres 59. 1969} Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 715 — 717. 1969; J. Hutchinson, Evol. & Phylog. Flow. PI. Dicot. U67— U70, fig. UlU. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tax. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77 & 78 . 1969; Rimpler, Lloydia 33s li91. 1970; Scully, Treas . Am. Ind. Herbs LU5, 159, 193, 207, 215, 2U9, 25U, 270, 283—281;, & 289. 1970; Anon., Bioresearch Ind. 7: 1061. 1971; Kashroo, Singh, &. Malik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13: 52. 1971; R. E. Harrison, Handb. Bulbs & Peren. S. Hemisph., ed. 3, 266—267, 281, & 282. 1971; Hartwell, Lloydia 3Us 387 & 1*37. 1971; Kaul, Bull. Bot. Surv. In- dia 13: 2U0. 1971; Lind & Tallantire, Some Com. Flow. PI. Uganda, ed. 2, lh5 & 21*8. 1971; Stalter, Castanea 36: 17U & 2l*2. 1971; Anon., Commonw. Myc . Inst. Index Fungi 3s 821*. 1972; Fong, Tro- jinkova, Tr6janek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35s 11*7. 1972; Healy, Gard. Guide PI. Names 37 & 225. 1972; Solbrig in Valentine, Tax. Phytogeogr. & Evol. 91. 1972; Ellison, Kingsbury, & Hyypio, Coram. Wild Fls. N. Y. [Cornell Ext. Bull. 990:] 19. 1973; Frohne & Jen- sen, System. Pflanzenr. 203, 261, & 305. 1973; Gillanders, Pater- son, & Rotherham, Know Your Rock Gard. PI. 1*5, 63, & 101. 1973; Hathaway & Ramsey, Castanea 38: 77. 1973; Hilbig, Wiss. Zeitschr. Mart .-Luth .-Univ. Halle 22: 56 & 102. 1973; A. & C. Krochmal, Guide Medic. PI. U. S. 229—230, 21*6, 257, & 258, fig. 259. 1973; Law, Concise Herb. Encycl. 85, 117, 129, 156, 208, 251, 252, 263, & 266. 1973; Rodhe, Rose Recipes, imp. 2, 21. 1973; Williamson, Sunset West. Gard. Book, imp. 11, 178, 179. & U37. 1973; Ayensu, Rep. Endang. & Threat. Spec. 98 & 129. 197U; H. Bennett, Concise Chem. & Techn. Diet., ed. 3, 256 & 1102. 197U; Bolkh., Grif, Mat- vej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 715—717. 197Uj E. T. Browne, Castanea 39: 183. 197U; H. B. Carter, Sir Jos. Banks & PI. Coll. Kew 3U0. 197U; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17* 75, 76, & 78. 1971* j Ellenberg. Script. Geobot. 9s 80. 197U; Farns- worth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (U)s x. 197U; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. PI. 3s 1752—1755 (197U) and Us 2295. 1971*; S. B. Jones, Castanea 39: 137. 197U; Knoche, Fl. Balear., imp. 2, Lc 59. 197U; 120 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 Le6n & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 279—283, 291—297, fig. 121. 1971*} Loewenfeld & Back, Complete Book Herbs & Spices 261 — 261*. 197U; R. W. Long, Fla. Sci. 37s 37. 197U} L6pez-Palacios , Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes II4.S 23. 1971*} A. & D. L&ve, Cytotax. Atl. Slov. Fl. 601 & 12U1. 1971*} Mrs. P. Martin, Am. Horticultur- ist 53 (5): 33. 1971*} Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 58: 3837. 197U} Mol- denke & Neff, Orig. & Struct. Ecosyst. Tech. Rep. 7l*-l8: UO, 51, 57, 101, 116, & 118. 197Uj Moser, Natl. Geogr. 1U6: 510. 197Uj Porteres, Journ. Agric. Trop. & Bot. Appl. 21: 6. 1971*} Rogerson & Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 383. 1971*} Rousseau, Geogr. Florist. Que 1 . [Trav. Doc. Cent, £tud. Nord 7:] 376—377, 1*65, 1*67, 1*73, 1*79, U80 502, 50U, 505, 516, 550, 61*3, 61*1*, & 788, maps 826 — 829. 197U5 Soukup, Biota 10: 231. 197liJ Stanley & Linskens, Pollen 1*7, 95, & 306. 1971*} Stark, Am. Horticulturist 53 (5): 7 & 11. 1971*} Sunding, Garcia de Orb. Bot. 2: 20. 1971*} L. H. Swift, Bot. Classif . 312. 1971*} Van Saun k Kemp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 371. 197li} Welsh, Utah PI., ed. 3, 232, 35U, & 173. 1971*} Whitney in Foley, Herbs for Use & Delight [198] & [207]. 197k', Ta-ckholm, Stud. Fl. Egypt, ed. 2, 1*52— l*51i, 817, 830, 876, & 886, pi. 156, fig. A. 197lij Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 312. 1971*} Anon., N. Y. Times D.I4I. April 6. 1975} Balgooy, Pacif . PI. Areas 3 J 21*5, 1975} [Bard], Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 1*30 & 1*31. 1975} D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland PI. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1395—11*00 & 1775, fig. 651*. 1975} 0. & I. Degener & Pekelo, Hawaii. PI. Names X.l*, X.5, & X.21. 1975} Duncan & Foote, Wildfls. SE. U. S. 15, 150, [151], & 295. 1975} R. & A. Fitter, Wild Fls. Brit. & N. Eu. 192, 193, & 336. 1975} Garcia, MacBryde, Molina, & Herrera-MacBryde, Malez. Preval. Am. Cent. 87, 131, 11*3, & 161. 1975} Goebel, Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 377 & 379. 1975} Greller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 1*16. 1975} Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 31 & 111. 1975} Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 26: 1* — 7. 1975} E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975} A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 1*15 (1975) and 32: 375. 1975} Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 59: 6926 (1975) and 60: 68. 1975} L6pez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 30, 51, 75—77, 79, & 88—91*. [fig. 17]. 1975} Kooijiian, Act. Bot. Neerl. 21*: [1*59] & 1*63 — U61*. 1975} Mahesh., J urn. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 82: 180. 1975} Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 129-180, 182, 185, 192, 506, & 508—512 (1975), 31: 28, 371*— 379, 383, 381*, 387, 388, 392, 393, 398, & 1*09— 1*12 (1975), and 32: 52, 229, & 230. 1975} Molina R., Ceiba 19: 95. 1975} Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19l*~ 198. 1975} J. C. & N. C. Roberts, Field Guide Baja Calif., ed. 1, 35. 1975} Tovar Serpa, Biota 10: 286 & 298. 1975} United Communications (Woodmere, N. Y.), Herbal Visual & Study Chart. 1975} Weberling & Schwantes, Pflanzensyst., ed. 2 [Ulmer, Uni-Taschenb . 62:] 11*1*. 1975} Whit- lock & Rankin, Dried Fls. 25. 1975} H. D. Wils., Vase. PI. Holmes Co. Cat. 51*. 1975} Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732. 1976} M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 138 & 21*1*. 1976} Burkart, Journ. Arnold Arb. 57: 221*. 1976} L. J. Clark, Wild Fls. Pacif. Northw. 1*1*2*— 1*1*5 & 603. 1976} Duke, Phytologia 3U: 27. 1976} 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 121 Fleming, Genelle, & Long, Wild Fls. Fla. 1$ & 67. 1976; Follman- Schrag, Excerpt. Bot. A. 26: $18. 1976$ F. R. Fosberg, Rhodora 78: 113. 1976; Galiano & Cabezudo, Lagascalia 6: 1$0. 1976; Grim6, Bot. Black Am. 186, 190—191, 220, & 230. 1976; J. H. Harv., Journ. Gard. Hist. Soc . U (3): 38. 1976; S. R. Hill, Sida 6: 32$. 1976; Hurd & Linsley, Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 220: 10. 1976; Keys, Chinese Herbs 283—281; 4 387. 1976; Lacoursiere, Pontbriand, fc Dumas, Natur. Ganad. 103: 17U. 1976; Lakela, Long, Fleming, & Genelle, PI. Tampa Bay, ed. 3 [Bot. Lab. Univ. S. Fla. Contrib. 730 115, 116, 168, 178, & 182. 1976; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 733, 71*0—71*2, 9l*0, & 961. 1976; L6pez-Palacios, Re- vist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 1*9 — $0. 1976; Lousley, Fl. Surrey 282, map 288. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: $12 (1976), 33: 37U— 37$, 1*80, & $12 (1976), and 31*: 19—20 1$3, 21*7— 2$2, 2$!*, 2$6— 263, 266—268, 270, 271*, 278, 279, $0U, & $12. 1976; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 3$: 173. 1976; A. R. Moldenke, Phytologia 3k: 3li$, 3$6, & 361. 1976; Norman, Fla. Scient. 39: 30. 1976; Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1976: 63 & 90. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 2, 17—19, & 22. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vase. PI. S. Dak. 368—369, $20, $29. $36, & $37. 1976; Vanderpoel, Natl. Wildlife 1$ (1): $0. 1976; [Voss] , Mich. Bot. 1$: 237. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. OkLn. & South. Ryuk. 882— 381*, 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 3$: $12 (1977) and 36: 28—31, 33, 3$, 36, 39, 1*0, 1*2, 1*7, 1*8, $1, & $2. 1977J A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 3$: 173 (1977) and 36: 87 & 88. 1977; F. H. Montgomery, Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. $ & 6, 202, fig. 1—3, & 230. 1977; Taylor & MacBryde, Vase. PI. Brit. Col. 1*36 & 751. 1977. Svrift (197U) tells us that "Verbena is an ancient Latin term for ceremonial foliage rather than a name for a specific class of plants . In post-classical times the name became applied to vervain, probably in connection with medicinal uses". Garcia and his associates (197$) inform us that the vernacular name, "verbena", in Central America is applied also to Browallia ameri- cana L . and Salvia occidentalis Sw . The Fitter work cited in the bibliography above is dated "197l* n on the title-page, but was not actually issued until February 17, 197$. Don (1330) divides the genus into two sections based on leaf characters: Indivisae with undivided leaf -blades, and Trifidae with trif id blades . The following two taxa described by Sloane (1739) are still puzzling and have not as yet been satisfactorily identified as far as I know: " VERBENA Americana procumbens , Veronicae aquaticae folio subro- tundo, flosculis ad foliorum alas ; nobis. Teucrium America num procumbens Veronicae aquaticae foliis subrotundis ; Hermanni, Catal. Hort." " VERBENA nodi flora major Indica , flore niveo ; nobis . In Horto Fageliano , nomine Teucrii & Veronicae , legimus." Similarly, the following taxon of P. Hermann (1726) is still 122 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 unidentified: " TELKAPAIA . Verbena Indica rotundifolia spicis comosis." No such name as "telkapala" is used in Sri Lanka today according to local botanists there now. Roi (19^6) lists a Chinese vernacular name for members of this genus, "ma pien ts'ao" — probably actually for V. officinalis L. or xV. hybrida Voss. The Commonwealth MycologicaT Institute (1972) lists the fungus, Ascochyta cuneomaculata , as attacking members of the genus Verbena . The Endlicher (1838) reference cited in the bibliography of Verbena is often cited as "1836-18$6", but the pages involved with this genus were actually issued in 18 38. The Sibthorpe & Smith (1809) reference, similarly, is sometimes cited as "I806", but pages 219 — U|2 of the volume involved here were not actually published until 1809. The genus Verbenella Spach, curiously overlooked by the edi- tors of the "Index Kewensis" and by every previous worker on this group of plants, is based by Spach (I8ii0) on Verbena chamaedryfol- ia Juss . and would therefore be congeneric with what some present- day botanists regard as the genus Glandularla (1791). Gibbs (197U) reports verbenalin (cornin), stachyose, and tannin present in Verbena , but L-bornesitol (a cyclitol) and raffinose are absent, while saponins are by some workers reported as probab- ly present, by others as absent or probably absent. Bennett (197k) defines "Verbena oil" or "verbenalin" as nc i7 H 25°10» m,w * 389.2; wh. need.; m.p. 178} s.w.; sl.s.al.; s. acet.j glucoside. d-verbenone - C-^qH-jiO; m. w. 150.11; col. oil; sp. gr. 0.997 J m.p. 6.5; b.p. 227; s.w." From a fancied resemblance, Malva alcea L., a mallow, is often called the "vervain mallow" . An additional excluded species is Verbena microcephala L6pez-Palacios, Revist. Fac . Farm. Univ. Los Slides 15 J 51, sphalm. 1975 * Lantana trifolia f . hirsuta Mol- denke The "verbena" illustrated in color by Moser (197k) is a species of Abronia in the Nyctaginaceae . The M. E. Jones 359, distributed as a Verbena sp., is actually Lantana scorta Moldenke, while M. C. Johnston 266U and Stuessy 1031 are Priva grandiflora (Ort.) Molden- ke and Sohmer 5332 is Salvia occidentalis Sw. The Degeners and Pekelo (1975) record "hoi" as a Hawaiian name for the genus Verbena , probably for V_. litoralis H.B.K. Andrew R. Moldenke (1976) has found that members of this genus (section Glandularla ) in California have "strong mechanical or temporal barriers to inbreeding even though the flowers are genet- ically self -compatible" and are nearly always very heavily out- crossed, the pollination being especially effected by butterflies, but also by Bombyliidae and probably also by short-tongued groups of insects like many species of Villa , generalist feeding bees in- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 123 eluding many genera in all families and many species of bees whose males may be common generalists even though the females are restricted to one genus of plants, including Bombus, Ceratina, Megachile , Melissodes, and Osmla but not the 'table-scraping' sometimes colonial Halictinae which are usually generalist feed- VERBENA ABRAMSI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3kh. 1971*; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 26: 5 & 6. 1975. Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Trinity Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 3021*6 (Ld) . VERBENA ALATA Sweet Additional synonymy: Verbena allata Hort. ex Moldenke, Phyto- logia 3**: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 1*18— U.9. 1830; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552 & 602 (1832) and ed. 3, 602. 1839; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3] * 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3? l*9l*. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 31*1* (197U) and 31*: 278. 1976. Ferreira describes this plant as a subshrub and found in it flower and fruit in July. The corolla color of Ferreira 171* is said to have been "lilac", while on Hatschbach 17252 it was "violet". The Lindeman & Haas 3010 , distributed as _V. alata , is actually V. minutiflora Briq. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Widgren s.n. [18U5] (Mu— 1570). Parand: L. F. Fer reira 17U (Ld); Hatschbach 17252 (Ld). CULTIVATED: France: Weinkauff s.n. [hort. Paris. I83I*] (Mu — 1239). Gcr:aany: Herb . Schwasgrichen s .n . [Hort. Linsiensis] (Mu— 1238); Ferb. Zuccarini s.n. [hort. Berol. 1827] (Mu— 28l) . VERBENA ALBICANS Rojas Additional & emended bibliography: Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Ar- gent. Bot. 11, Supl. 261. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132 (1975) and 31: 388. 1975. VERBENA ALBIFLORA Rojas Additional & emended bibliography: Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Ar- gent. Bot. 11, Supl. 269. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132 (1975) and 31: 388. 1975. xVERBENA ALLENI Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 153. 1976. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 153, 250, & 279. 1976. This plant has been found growing in black calcareous soil and scattered on roadsides with Cynodon dactylon , Helenium amarum , Vernonia altissima , and Xanthium strumarium , in and after anthesis in September. The plants are described as 3 — h feet tall and the 12U PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 corollas (on Montz 2U85 ) said to have been blue when fresh. Herb- arium material has hitherto been misidentified as V. neomexicana (A. Gray) Small and as V_. xutha Lehm. The cited specimens exhibit many, slender, flexible spikes, some to as much as 1*5 cm. long, and apparently with all or almost all of the seeds aborted. Citations: LOUISIANA.: LaSalle Par.: C_. A. Brown 71*09 (Lv) . Pointe Coupee Par.: Montz 2U85 (Lv) . Saint Helena Par.: £. M. Al- len 1179 (Lv— type) . VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb. Additional bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom, Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969j Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow, PI., imp. 2, 716. 197U; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132—133, 139, & 179. 1975 J A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 35 J 173. 1977. Higgins found this plant growing in gravelly to sandy soil in pinyon- juniper association areas, while Atwood encountered it in "pinyon- juniper-sag e-ponderosa coramunity ,l and distributed his col- lection as V. bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Reitzel found it growing in "clumps 6—1.$ dm. across, 3 dm. tall, at 7700 feet altitude with Ipomopsis , Rosa , Quercus, Pjnus edulis , a few P. ponderosa , Junip- erus, Mirabilis , Sphaeralcea , and Bromus ". Dziekanowski and his associates report it very scattered in pinyon- juniper woodland with grassy areas of gramma grass and staghorn cactus. Other recent collectors have encountered V. ambrosifolia in rocky washes, "scattered on open sandy-clay flats with Ephedra , Eriogonum , Lycium , Mentzelia , Psilostrophe , Yucca , etc.'/ and "in matorral des£rtico inerme on alluvial flats in fine calcareous al- luvium with Prosopis glandulosa , Larrea, and Flourensia cernua " . The corollas on Henrickson 5858 are said to have been "light- purple" when fresh, while those on Correll & Johnston 19136 were "magenta" and those on Reitzel 27 were "pink" . The G. L_. Fisher s.n. [Nara Visa, Apr. 21, 1911], distributed as V. a mbrosifolia , actually is V. ciliata var. pubera (Greene) Perry, while Meebold 2ii22U is V_. wrightii A . Gray . The Ramirez & Cardenas 13 , previously cited as V, ambrosifolia by me in this series of notes, apparently is a mixture — the University of Texas sheet of this number definitely is V. ciliata var. longidentata Perry. The Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062 cited by me in 197h actually is V. gooddingil var. nepetifolia Tides tr. Additional citations: TEXAS: Culberson Co.: Correll & Johnston 19136 (N) . NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.: Higgins 9197 (N) . Harding Co.: S. Stephens 7561*3 (N) . Otero Co.: Reitzel 27 (N) . Rio Arriba Co.: Atwood 6298 (N) . Torrence Co.: Dziekanowski , Dunn , & Bennett 2393 (N). MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 5858 (Ld) . Nuevo Le6n: Johns - ton , Wendt , & Chiang C^ 10212 (Ld) . Tamaulipas : Kuiper & Kuiper- Lapre~ M.17 (Ut— 328636B) . 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 125 VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA f . EGLANDULOSA Perry Additional bibliography: Bolkh., Grif , Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. How. PI., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197hj Moldenke, Phytologia 30 : 132—133 & 139. 1975. Howe found this plant in flower and fruit in October. The R_. Runyon 1782 , distributed as this form and so cited by me in previous publications actually is V_. ciliata var. longldentata Perry. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Coconino Co.: D. Howe s.n. [1 October 1968] (Sd— 69988) . VERBENA AMOENA Paxt. Additional bibliography: Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850J Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 111 (197U) and 3U: 252. 1976. Gentry & Arguelles found what appears to be this species grow- ing along roadsides at 7700 feet altitude, flowering and fruit- ing in June, and describe the plant as forming large compact clumps, with secondary rooting at the stem-bases and with showy purple flowers . Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: Gentry & Arguelles 22955 (Sd— 86U65). VERBENA ANDRIEUXII Schau. Additional synonymy: Verbena andrieuxti DC. ex Moldenke, Phy- tologia 3h: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3 : U9U. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 21U (1972) and 3k: 278. 1976. I Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. aubletia Jacq. Additional citations: MEXICO: Puebla: Andrieux 138 (Mu — 21*77— isotype) . CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Bot. Staatssamml . Munch . s. n. (Mu) j Herb. Hort. Monac . s.n. (Mu) . VERBENA ARAUCANA R. A. Phil. Addtional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 182 (1972), 31: 387 (1975), and 3h'. 260. 1976. Merxmuller found this plant in flower in December, while Schajovskoy encountered it at 1300 meters altitude. Additional citations: CHILE: Malleco: Merxmuller 2lt966 (Mu) . ARGENTINA: Neuquen: Schajovskoy s.n. [I6.I.I967] (Mu). VERBENA ARISTIGERA S. Moore Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133 & 173. 1975. Recent collectors describe this plant as decumbent and have found it in flower in October and November. The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Krapovickas & al. 26800 and on Schinini & Crist6bal 986U . The Hatschbach 2388U, previously cited by me as V^ aristlgera , 126 P H Y T L G I A Vol. 36, no. 2 is perhaps better regarded as representing V_. tenuisecta Briq. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas , Cris - t6bal , Irigoyen , & Schinini 26800 (Ld) ; Schinini & Crist6bal 986U (Ld). Entre Rios : Lorentz U78 (lta.—l$6$T. VERBENA ATACAMENSIS Reiche Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3hk—3l6 & hhl. 197U. Zollner encountered this plant growing near the seacoast. Additional citations: CHILE: Antofagasta: Werdermann 789 (Mu) ; Zollner 8310 (Ac) . Atacama: Zollner 9080 (Ld) VERBENA AURANTIACA Speg. Additional synonymy: Glandularia aurantiaca Speg. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 27h, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 2lU (1972) and 3h: 271*. 1976. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Chubut: Kreitbohm 117 (Mu) . xVERBENA BAILEYANA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3U5 & U01 (1971*) and Jht 270. 1976. The Herb. Zuccarini specimens cited below are both mixtures with V. officinalis L. and were originally identified and distrib- uted as V. hastata L. and V_. scabra Vahl. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Zuccarini s. n. [Hort. bot. Monac], in part (Mu, Mu) . VERBENA BAJACALIFORNICA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 211*. 1972. Moran & Reveal refer to this plant as "fairly common" at 300 meters altitude and found it in flower in February. The corollas on their no. 2001*7 are said to have been "lavender" when fresh. Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: Moran & Reveal 2001*7 (W— 2796936). VERBENA BALANSAE Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3U5 (1971*) and 36: 35. 1977. Krapovickas and his associates describe this plant as "decum- bent", the corollas "violet" in color. Hatschbach refers to it as being xylopodiferous, with lilac (on 37118 ) or whitish (on 38688 ) flowers, and found it growing on "campo brejoso de solo vermelho" and "campo limpo", in flower in May. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Ma to Grosso: Hatschbach 38688 (Ld). Parana^ Hatschbach 37118 (Ld) . ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas , Cristobal , Schinini , Arbo, Quarfn, & Gonzalez 2611*1* Odin 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 127 VERBENA BARBATA Grah. Additional bibliography: Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1332;. Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]s 655. 1350} Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: U9h. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 112. 1971*. VERBENA BERTERII (Meisn.) Schau. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: U9U - 1558 j Moldenke & Neff, Orig. 4 Struct. Ecosyst. Tech. Rep. 7U-13: U0, 51, & 101. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133 (1975) and 31s U09. 1975} Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Additional citations: CHILE: Concepci<5n: Dessauer s.n. [Concep- ci6n, Feb. 1370] (Mu— 15U6) ; Merxmuller 2JUB0U (Mu) . Maule: Des- sauer s .n. [Eanos de Cauquenes, Oct. 1375] (Mu — 15U7) , Province undetermined: Dessauer s .n. (Mu); Frb'mbling s .n. [Chili, 1986] (Mu— 1776) . VERBENA BERTERII f . ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 215. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA Nutt. Additional synonymy: Verbena bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida [Nutt.] ex Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Suram. 77. 1969. V. bipinnati - fida var. bipinnatifida Thomas ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 273, in syn. 1976 " Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 199 & U9U. 1858; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 75. 1912; Tharp, Mycologia 9'. 120. 1917; Fedde in Just. Bot. Jahresber. U5 (1): 583. 1923; Sydow in Just, Bot. Jahresber. U5 (1): U02. 1923; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. U8: 571. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Fong, Trojankova, Tro- janek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35: 1U7. 1972; Bolkh.. Grif, Matjej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Num. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 176. 197U; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197Uj Stark, Am. Horticulturist 53 (5): 7. 197U; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975; Kooijnan. Act. Bot. Neerl. 2U: U63. 1975 J Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133— 13k, 172, & 179 (1975), 31: 377 & U09 (1975), and 31*: 2U9, 250, 270, & 278. 1976; Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls . & Veg. 1976: 90. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vase. PI. S. Dak. 368 & 536. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 29. 1977. Additional illustrations: Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1976: 90 (in color). 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this species in sandy soil, on periodically mowed roadsides, on chalk cliffs, on clay nils, and in open dry fields, on mesquite flats with Opuntia chlorotica , 0. acanthocarpa , and Yucca elata, in creosotebush -Atriplex scrub- land, and in heavy soil of meadows . Charette refers to it as "very common in roadside depressions in fields" and Brown calls it "common" in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana. Wright found it "in a 128 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 field densely populated with other species of flowers and grasses!? Barker (1969) refers to it as "Occasional, in rocky upland prairies, along roadsides and railway right-of-ways" in Kansas, where Gates (1°U0) reports it from Cowley, Geary, Pottawatomie, Riley, and Wabaunsee counties . The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Semple & Love U82, "reddish-violet" on Davidse & Davids e 100$0 , "maroon-pink" on Bisby G.6$ , and "lavender" on D. S. Correll I62lt7 and Schulz & Schulz 1336 . Correll reports the species as "scattered infre- quently" . The Schultzes describe the calyx as twice as long as the fruit [seed] "and constricted above it". Stark (197U) states that the species is found usually in "open, but fine textured soils" with a preferred pH value of 6.0 — 7.0. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V^ drummondii Baxt, and as V^ erinoides Lam. On the other hand, the Reeves R. 107$ , distributed as V. bipinnat- ifida, is actually var. latilobata Perry, Garland 200 and Meebold 22681 & 2$2U8 are V. canadensis (L.) Britton, Pr ingle 7$91 is V. elegans H.B.K., Lindheimer s.n. [Galveston, May 18U3] is V. halei Small, Bougere 223$, Hester hh2 & $17, Rys croft 2$7U & 2626 , and Webster & Wilbur 3282 are V. tenuisecta Briq . , and Bougere 1996 is V. tenuisecta var. alba Moldenke, while Higgins 888U and Hig- gins , Higgins , & Higgins 981i9 are V_. wrightii A. Gray. Meebold 27286 is a mixture with Evolvulus sp. Additional citations: ALABAMA: Pickens Co.: R. Krai 26U22 (Lc) . KANSAS: Leavenworth Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [lU May 19$U] (Ln— 2302$7) . MISSOURI: County undetermined: Kerb. Reg. Monac. U2U8 (Mu). ARKANSAS: Little River Co.: Demaree 69U36 (Ld) . LOUISIANA: LaSalle Par.: C. A. Brown 7U0$ (Lv) . OKLAHOMA: Beckham Co.: Clark 1U280 (N). TEXAS: Bexar Co.: Meebold 27286, in part (Mu) . Brazos Co.: D. Wright 23 (N). Caldwell Co.: W. M. Jones WMJ.203 (Mu) , WMJ.2$2 (Mu). Callahan Co.: Mahler U976 (Ln— 2361jlli) . Comal Co.: Charette 820 (Mu)| Lindheimer 1072 (Mu— U082) , 1073 (Mu— UO83) . Cooke Co.: Semple & Love U82 (W— 273271*0) . Dallas Co.: D. S^ Cor- " rell 172V7 (Sd— 738$2); J. Revere hon s.n. [Curtiss 1962*T"(Mu— l$li8) . Tarrant Co.: Bisby G.6$ (Ac) . Taylor Co.: S. M. Tracy 8000 (Ln— 7011$) . County undetermined: Lindheimer III .289 (Mu— 271); Torrey & Gray s.n. (Mu— 270) . NEW MEXICO: Luna Co.: Shultz & Shultz 1336 (N) . ARIZONA: Yavapai Co.: Reeves & Pinkava 11933 (N) . MEXICO: Chihuahua: Davidse & Davidse 100$0 (Ld) j McCabe 2 (Ws). CULTIVATED: Sweden: Collector undetermined s.n. [H. L. " 181*0] (Ac). VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA var. LATILOBATA Perry Emended synonymy: Verbena bipinnatifida var. latiloba Perry ex Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 19U7* Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 197$. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 129 Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: llu. 197U; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac . Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 9100 feet al- titude in Arizona. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: VL W. Jones s.n. [8 August 1967] (Sd— 7288U) . Graham Co.: Williams & Williams 3650 (Z) . Santa Cruz Co . : Reeves R .1075 (N) . xVERBENA BLANCHARDI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 11U & 386. 197U. Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Winnebago Co.: M. S. Bebb s.n. [Fountaindale] (Mu— U2u9) . VERBENA BONARIENSIS L. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena bonariensis altissima , Lavandulae canariensis spica multiplici Dill, in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pi. 300, fig. 387. 172U. Verbena bonariensis Willd. ex Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 182, in syn. 1907. Verbena bornarlensis L. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: hi, in syn. 1977. Additional & emended bibliography: Dill, in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pi. 300, fig. 387. 172h; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 1, 11. 1737; L., Sp. PI. ed. 2, 28. 1762; G. Don in Loud., Hort, Brit., ed. 1, 2U6 (1830) and ed. 2, 2U6. 1332; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2U6. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. y. U9U & U95. 1858; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 510. 1891; Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 182. 1907; Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. hh: 1195. 1926; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. hh: 153U. 1927; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 1, 188. 1938; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 2, 11. 1968; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; R. E. Harrison, Handb. Bulbs & Peren. S. Hemisph., ed. 3, 266. 1971; Fong, Trojankova, Trojanek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35* 1U7. 1972; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 716. 197U; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197U; R. D. Gibos, Chemotax. Flow. PI. 3: 1752—1755 (197U) and h'- 2295. 1971; R. W. Long, Fla. Scient. 37: 37. I97U; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland PI. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1396, 1397, & 1775. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Not. Neerl. 2U: U63. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 131—135, 152, & 167 (1975), 31: 375, 377, 389, & U09 (1975), 33: 37U (1976), and 3U: 2U8, 250, 252, 259, 260, & 278. 1976; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 188. 1976; S. R. Hill, Sida 6: 325. 1976; Long fie Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 7U-— 7U2 & 96I. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. OkLn. & South. Ryuk. 883 & 881*. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 28, 39, & u7. 1977. Additional illustrations: Dill, in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pi. 300, fig. 387. 172U. The Dillen pre-Linnean designation for this species is based 130 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 on a specimen grown in the Eltham Garden from seed sent from Bue-< nos Aires, Argentina, by Milam in 1726, according to Druce & Vines (1907), but how this can be possible when Dillen already published the designation in 1721; is not clear to me . The Eltham specimen in the Dillen herbarium was at first identified as V. bonariensis "Willd." by Klinsmann. Recent collectors describe this plant as a large or "giant" herb, 1.3 — 2.5 m. tall, the stems stiff, square, with pronounced angles and concave sides, hairy, pale- or dark-green, often maroon- tinged, the leaves "sandpapery" rough, "parchmentaceous- membranous" or "thickly velvety-herbaceous", glossy dark-green above, with pale slightly sunken veins, dull light- or gray-green beneath with prominent veins, the peduncles reddish, the small flowers in spikes, the calyx green at the base, with purple or purplish tips, the corolla hairy outside, and the infructescence gray-green. Goldsmith found V. bonariensis in scattered patches in open grassland in Rhodesiaj Bos refers to it as "abundant" in the Trans- vaal and "locally dominant" in the Cape Province of South Africa; Moll calls it a "locally fairly common annual herb" in Natal} Scheepers says of it "locally frequent at water's edge and environs, [in] well lit but dense vegetation, widespread as ruderal, especi- ally in moist open spots" in the Transvaal. Other recent collectors have encountered the species at the edge of open fields in about 50 percent shade, in rather dry soil of old fields, and among Baccharis on "spoil banks". Montz reports it "abundant along railroad 'spoils'" in Louisiana, where Arceneaux asserts that it is "a very common weed along roads, ditches, etc." and Hester says it is "plentiful everywhere" . Brown comments that there are "no appendages on anthers" (which is to be expected, since the species is not a member of the Section Glandularia ) . Wil- bur reports it "common along edge of ditch between road and corn- field" in North Carolina. Walker (1976) cites Amano 7373, Hatusima 17571 , and Walker 8133 from Okinawa and records the vernacular name, "tachi-ba-bena", which he explains as "Tachi, erect, ba, leaf, bena, meaning un- known" . Arenas encountered the species at the edges of an arroyo and comments that it "crece en yuyal" . The corollas are described as having been "lilac" in color when fresh on Ferreira I63, "blue" on Scheepers 93, "violet" on Arenas 9U9 and Cabrera 12UU6, "violet-blue" on Bos 1262 , "purple" on 0_. B_. Miller 5181* , Moll 7U5 . Sowell s.n. , and Wilbur 39j±7, "rose" on Car- auta 686 , "purple-mauve" on Goldsmith 71/62 , and with "tube purple, lobes lilac" on Bos ll;2 . Don (1830) called the species "Buenos Ayres vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens as 1732. Thomas (I969) calls it the "pretty verbena", while Claycomb asserts that in Louisiana it is known as "blue vervain" . Carauta records "pai- joaquim" from Rio de Janeiro. In Pahang, Malaya, it is said to be a "roadside weed" in waste places and has been collected in fruit in November. The Herb. Mus . Bot. Landishuth s.n., cited below, has all its 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 131 leaves very narrow-oblong and bears very close resemblance to V. inamoena Briq. DeWinter 7176 is a voucher for chemical studies conducted on the species by Dr. P. R. Enslin. The Univ. Calif . Ace. No. 63.7UO-83 , cultivated in California, was grown there from seeds collected in Teneriffe, Canary Islands. Fabris & Mar - chionni 2392 is a mixture with V. litoralls H.B.K. Gibbs (197U) reports cyanogenesis and leucoanthocyanin absent from the leaves of this species and syringin absent from the stems . Material of V_. bonariensis has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria under the designations V_. bonariensi3 Hook, and V. littoralis Kunth, and even as " Labia tae sp.", -while T. Rojas 10077 was originally identified as "V_. bonariensis L. f . transiens in V. inamoenam Briq.". On the other hand, the Clay- comb s.n. [June 13, 19U2] , Demaree 15103, Keiser 91, D. 1U Lowe 31» £• *• Moore 5200, Robinette 239, and R. R. Smith 1732 , dis- tributed as V. bonariensis , actually are V_. brasiliensis Veil., while Schlieben 769I is V. litoralis K.B.K., Arceneaux 35a, Beck U|3, and Horst JWH.B.281 are 7. rigida Spreng., and Bayliss BS . 13hh is V. tenuisecta Briq. Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Robeson Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29992 (Ac), 2999k (Gz, Ld, Tu) . Tyrrell Co.: Wilbur 39U7 (Mi). SOUTH CAROLINA: Charleston Co.: Curtis s 1963*-* (Mu— 1550). GEORGIA: Spalding Co.: Sowell s.n. [h August 1967] (Lv) . FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke~29?29 (Ac, Gz, Ld, Tu) . Putnam Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29839 (Ld) . LOUISIANA: Cameron Par.: Spindler s.n. [30 Sept. 1973] (Lv) . Iberia Par.: Hester 650 (Lv) . Jefferson Par.: C. A. Brown 20lt9 (Lv) . Lafayette Par.: Claycomb s.n. [July 6, 19l*2] (Lv) . Livingston Par.: Montz 1821; (Lv) . Ouachita Par.: R_. D. Thomas & Bot. Class 18637 (Lc) . Pointe Coupee Par.: M. Chaney 213 (Lv) . Saint Mary Par.: Montz 2289 (Lv) . Saint Tammany Par.: Arsene I253U (Lv) . Tangipahoa Par.: Correll & Correll 9259 (Lv) . Terrebonne Par.: Arceneaux 35a (Lv); Wurzlow s.n. [May 29, 191U] (Lv) . Vermilion Par.: Hester 693 (Lv) . TEXAS: Orange Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [1 May 1955] (Ln— 20^155) • MEXICO: Federal District: Karwinski s.n. [Chapultepec, Aug. 1827] (Mu — 279, Mu — 230 ) . State undetermined: Prince Paul of Wurtemberg s.n. [1830] (Mu— 15U9) . BRAZIL: Parani: L. F. Ferreira 163 (Ld) . Rio de Janeiro: Carauta 686 [Herb. FEE- MA 6811] (Ld). PARAGUAY: T. Rojas 10077 (Mu) . URUGUAY: Herter 268 [Herb. Herter 31709] (Mu) . CHILE: Arauca: Grau s.n. [31.3. 1968] (Mu) . Concepci6n: Dessauer s.n. [Concepci6n, Feb. 1870] (Mu— 1551) . Valdivia: Buchtien s.n. [Valdivia, 7/11/1902] (Mu— 3996) j Lechler s.n. [Valdivia] (Mu— 1568) . State undetermined: Leyboldt s.n. [3/l/l860] (Mu— 1569) • ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Cabrera & Fabris 21 (Mu) ; Herb. Univ. Ludov . Maximil. s.n. (Mu— 132 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 277). Corrientes: Arenas 9U9 (Ld) . Entre Rios: Cabrera 121^6 (Ma) . San Juan: Fabris & Marchionnl 2392 , in part (Mu) . RHODESIA: Fries , Norlindh , & Weimarck U003 (Mu) ; Goldsmith 71/62 (Mu) . SWA- ZILAND: CL B_. Miller 5l8U (Mu) . SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Bos 1U2 (Mu); Ecklon 85 (Mu— 285) J Penther 1795 (Mu— U085) . Natal: Moll 7U5 (Mu). Transvaal: Bos 1262 (Mu) ; DeWinter 7176 (Mu) ; Mee- bold 12837 (Mu); Scheepers 93 (Mu) ; Schlieben 7176 (Mu) . MASCARENE ISLANDS: Mauritius: Sieber Fl. Maurit. 86 (Mu— 286) . INDIA: Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s.n. [Mont. Khasia 1-3000 ped.] (Mu — 288). State undetermined: Griffith s.n. [India orientali] (Mu — 287) . MALAYA: Pahang: Poore 505 (EL— 505) J B. C_. Stone 5619 (Kl— 5220), 7236 (KL—77U7). FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: Meebold 16522 (Mu). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Lohm s.n. [Sydney, 28 .III .10] (Mu— 9138) j Meebold 27U9 (Mu) . GREAT BARRIER REEF: Stradbroke: M. S. Clemens Ux2hZ (MiTTcULTIVATED: California: Univ. Calif. Ace, No. 63.7UO-83 (Mu). France: Weinkauff s.n. [Jard. des Plant. 183U] (Mu — 12li3) . Germany: Herb. Mus. Bot. Landishuth s.n. (Mu — 278); Herb. Schmiedel s.n. (Mu — 272, Mu — 273) J Herb. Schreber s.n. (Mu — 275, Mu — 276); Herb. Schwaegrichen s.n. (Mu — 12U0; Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac . 1832] (Mu — 282), s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac . 1887] (Mu— 283); Schreber s.n. [hort. bot. Erlang. 1772] (Mu— 27U) . India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt . s.n. (Mu — 289) . Sweden: Collector undetermined s.n. [H. L. 1812] (Ac); Zetterstedt s.n. [H. L., 10 Sept. 1838] (Ac). VERBENA BONARIENSIS var. CONGLOMERATA Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3H6 & 38O. 197li. Bornmuller encountered this plant at 500 meters altitude. Lin- deman & Haas describe it as an herb, growing on grassy roadsides, and the corollas on their no. 3902 are said to have been "deep purple-blue" when fresh; the corollas were "mirple M on Schinini & Carnevali IO689. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Bornmuller 255 (Mu— U286); Lindeman & Haas 3902 (Ut — 320I4I2); Reineck & Czermak 69 (Mu— 3793) . ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Ibarrola 2053 (Ut— 33056 3B) , 2131 (Ut— 330573B) . Misiones: Schinini & Carnevali 10689 (Ld) . CULTIVATED: California: Moldenke k Moldenke 30295 (Ac, Gz, Ld, Mu, Tu, W) . VERBENA BONARIENSIS var. HISPIDA Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 37U— 375. 1976. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33s 37U— 375 (1976) and 3U: 259. 1976. Citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Bornmuller 6U7 (Mu— 1*302— type, Z — photo of type) . 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 133 VERBENA BRACTEATA Lag. & Rodr. Additional synonymy: Verbena brae tea ta (Michx.) Lag. & Rodr. ex Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19h, sphalm. 1975. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2\\1 (1830) and ed. 2, 2U7. 1332; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2U7 . 1339; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: U9U, k9&, & 507. 1858; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 510. 1391; Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. hh* 1212. 1926; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. hh: 153U. 1927; Conard, PI. Iowa hh. 195lj R. A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77. 1959; Hall & Thompson, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 39: 7U. 1959; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. U8: 571. 1969; Cooperrider, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (5): 70. 1962; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716 & 717. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 716 & 717. 197U; Welsh, Utah PI., ed. 3, 35U & U73, 197k; [Bard], Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: U31. 1975; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland PI. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1397, 1U00, & 1775. 1975; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl . 2U: U63. 1975; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 30: 135—136 (1975) and 31: 376, 377, & Ul5. 1975; Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19h— 198. 1975; H. D. Wils., Vase. PI. Holmes Co. Cat. 5U. 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732, 1976; L. J. Clark, Wild Fls. Pacif. Northw. hhh— hh$ & 603 . 1976; GrimS, Bot. Black Amer. 191. 1976; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 3h'- 2U8—251, 270, & 278. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vase. PI. S. Dak. 369, 529, & 536. 1976; [Voss], Mich. Bot. 15: 237. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 29 & 30. 1977; F. H. Montgomery. Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. f, & 230. 1977; Taylor & MacBryde, Vase. PI. Brit. Col. 136 & 751. 1977. Additional illustrations: F. H. Montgomery, Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. 5. 1977. Montgomery (1977) describes the seeds of this species as fol- lows: "Nutlets 2.3 x 0.6 mm, oblong 13-lU in l.s., obtriangular 90 in c.s. with the dorsal surface rounded; surface 2 — h- ribbed on the lower half and reticulate on the upper half, inner faces pap- illose". 'Wilson (1975) cites Cooperrider 8069 from weedy railroad banks in Holmes County, Ohio. Stevens describes it as "from a woody caudex, branches prostrate" and reports it "common on dry rocky hillsides" in Washington. Higgins encountered it in sandy soil of shin-oak association areas, while Semple & Love found it in dry sandy soil of mesquite shrublands. Other recent collectors have found it growing in bare sandy soil with mesquite dominant, in sidewalk crannies, and "in agrupaciones de malezas (annual herbs mainly) in fine calcareous alluvium of sandy clay loam with Mach- aeranthera parva , Bouteloua barbata, Verbena spp., Mars ilea sp., and Wislizenia sp." Moran, in Baja California, found it "pros- trate, locally common with Lythrum hyssopifollum in shallow road- 13U PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 side depressions". Davidson (1959) refers to V_. bracteata as a "Weed of roadsides, railways, pastures, barnyards, and other open places; common" in Iowa. In the same state Cooperrider (1962) speaks of it as "Fre- quent. Roadsides; along railroads; open, waste places" and records it from Clinton, Jackson, and Jones Counties. Hall & Thompson (1959) refer to it as occasional in fields and along open road- sides in Oakland County, Michigan. In Kansas it is said by Barker (1969) to be "Occasional along roadsides, cultivated fields and railway right-of-ways. Found throughout the area." Dziekanowski and his associates found it growing in loess of cultivated areas and very scattered in grassy areas with gramma grass and staghorn cactus in pinyon- juniper woodlands . The corollas on Semple & Love 297 are said to have been "purple with white center" when fresh, but on Richardson 1580 and W. D. Stevens 1710 they were "blue", while on Moran 236 3U it is stated that the corolla-tube was "purplish-pink, the limb white", on Dun- can 12696 the corolla was "light-purple" and on Spellenberg & al. u327 "pale-violet, paler in throat". Taylor & MacBryde (1977) classify the flowers and blue and red, flowering from April to September, and growing as a weed in British Columbia. Higgins has found V. bracteata in sandy soil in Prosopis- juniper communities and in sandy to clayey soils in the Prosopis- Juniperus- grassland community. Thome found it growing in associ- ation with Gnaphalium purpureum , G. palustre , Navarettia hamata , Amaranthus albus , etc. Moran refers to it as "occasional" near drying pond edges and "towards edge of dry laguna with abundant Sida hederacea " in Baja California. Blakley refers to it as an "annual, common locally, prostrate at moist edge of vernal lake in silty-clay soil", while Demaree found it (the erect form) to be "common" in open rock mountains of Utah. Fosberg encountered it at 20 meters altitude. Churchill encountered it "on eroded sandy slopes in sandy loam soil of upland prairie pasture with Andropogon . Solidago , etc." Other recent collectors have encountered this species on dry riverbeds and banks, along roadsides, on dry slough bottoms, and in the Shortgrass-Prairie community. Don (18 30) calls the plant "bracteose vervain" and dates its introduction into English gar- dens as 1820 from "Mexico". Muehlenbach considered his no. 1$2$ to represent a natural hybrid between V. simplex Lehm. and V_. bracteata , but I can see no evidence of such hybrid ity in the sample of this collection examined by me. Perkins and his associates (1975) report that in V_. bracteata the corollas are rapidly deciduous (caducous) following anthesis, the anthers and stigmas are about 1 mm. apart, the plants are less autogamous than V. halei Small and V^ urticifolia L., seven plants studied with 310 potential seeds had a 21.9 percentage of seed-set when bagged, but nine plants with 765 potential seeds 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 135 had a 66.5 percent seed-set when insect-visited. The flowers were visited by the following insects: Diptera ; Exoprosopa sp. (with pollen on head) ; Hymenoptera : Meusebeckidium obsoletum and Parno- pes edwardsii ; Lepidoptera : Everes comyntas , Hemiargus isola (with pollen on head) , Na thai is iole, Pieris protodice (with pol- len on head) , Phyciodes phaon (with pollen on head) , Pyrgus com- munis, and Strymon melinus (with pollen on head) . The Exoprosopa Hemiargus , Pieris , Pyrgus , and Strymon insects also visited the other Verbena species in the locality, i.e., V_. halel , V. stricta , and V_. urticifolla . The authors note that V_. bracteata "was vis- ited predominantly by butterflies". It should perhaps be noted here that Edw. Palmer 3*i' n , as least insofar as the Munich specimen is concerned, consists only of ex- tremely young sterile seedlings . The Atwood 6298 , distributed as V. bracteata , is actually V. ambrosifolia ftydb., Drummond s.n. [Saint Louis, 1332] is V^ cana - densis (L.) Britton, Martens s .n. [Missouri] is xV. deamli Molden- ke, Edw. Palmer 3h2 is V, lasiostachys var. septentrionalls I.'ol- denke, and Meebold 25U61 is V. stricta Vent. W^ Schumann 1070 is in part V, gracilis Desf . and in part V^ canescens H.B.K. Demaree 3571 , in the herbarium of Louisiana State University, bears a la- bel inscribed " Dioscorea villosa L." — doubtless a case of mixed labels. The C. A. Brown 20373 , Brown & Lenz s.n. [April 7, 1939], M. Chaney 226 , N. F. Petersen s.n. [Apr. 10, 1909], and Stotts s_. n. [April 12, UjL], also distributed as V. bracteata , all are ac- tually V^ canadensis (L.) Britton. Additional citations: GEORGIA: Clarke Co.: Duncan 12696 (Lv) . ILLINOIS: Winnebago Co.: M. S^ Bebb s.n. [Fountaindale] (Mu) . IN- DIANA: Jefferson Co.: Frazee s.n. [June 6, 1385] (Lc) . LaPorte Co.: Moffatt 1685 (Mi). IOWA.: Story Co.: Arthur s.n. [Ames, July 17, 1877] (MuTT TENNESSEE: Blount Co.: Hooker s.n. [borders of Ohio river below Louisville] (Mu — 293) . MICHIGAN: Grand Traverse Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [12 August 1955] (Ln— 203^20) . WISCON- SIN: Brown Co.: Schuette s.n. [Fort Howard, July 22, 1887] (Mu) . SOUTH DAKOTA: Lawrence Co.: N. F. Petersen s.n. [Aug. 17, 1908] (Lv). MISSOURI: Cass Co.: Meebold 2^223 (Mu) . Saint Louis: Mueh- lenbach 312 (Mu) , 1525 (Mu), 3U7U (Ac), ARKANSAS: Carroll Co.: H. H. Rusby 780 1/2 (Mu) . Craighead Co.: Demaree 3571 (Lv) . County undetermined: F. L. Harvey s.n. [Curtiss 1962] (Mu— 1552) . LOUIS- IANA: Lincoln Par.: J. A. Moore 5362 (Lv) . UTAH: Utah Co.: Demar- ee 65U01 (Ld). NEVADA: Lyon Co.: Tiehm 1812 (N) . Storey Co.: Purpus 59U6 (Mu—h287) . COLORADO: Archuleta Co.: Weber & Livings - ton 6259 (Mi) . Denver Co.: Cole 5687 [Herb. Kent Sci. Mus. 51385] (Mi) . Elbert Co.: S. R. Hill 1277 (N) . El Paso Co.: Meebold 12269 (Mu). NEBRASKA: Pierce Co.: N. F. Petersen s.n. [Aug. 11, 1910] (Lv), s.n. [Aug. 12, 1910] (LvT. Polk Co.: S. P. Churchill 136 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 6606 (N). IDAHO: Gooding Co.: R. J. Davis 1781 (N). TEXAS: Bowie Co.: Correll & Correll 12398 (Mi) . Martin Co.: Semple & Love 297 (W— 2732736) . NEW MEXICO: Catron Co.: Pinkava , Lehto, & Ree- ves P .121+92 (N, W— 2737086) . Curry Co.: Higgins 9050 (N) . ""Dona Ana Co.: Chiang , Wendt, & Johnston 8621 (Ld) . Guadalupe Co.: Hig - gins 8925 (N) . McKinley Co.: Spellenberg , Reitzel, & McKinney U327 (N). Roosevelt Co.: Higgins 8672 (N). San Miguel Co.: Hig- gins 8886 (N) . Torrence Co.: Dziekanowski , Dunn , & Bennett 2390 (N). Union Co.: Higgins 8810 (N) . ARIZONA: Greenlee Co.: Pinkava , Lehto , & Reeves P .12U21 (N) . WASHINGTON: Benton Co.: Dziekanow - ski , Dunn , & Bennett 2^18 (N) . Klickitat Co.: Doppelbauer & Dop- pelbauer 663 (Mu) . lakima Co.: W. D_. Stevens 1710 (Ln~2lJi892) . OREGON: Malheur Co.: Doppelbauer & Doppelbauer 82U (Mu) . CALI- FORNIA: Los Angeles Co.: F. R. Fosberg S.Iqog (Sd— 72779); Parish & Parish 1596 (Mu— 1553)} Thome 36516 (Sd— 69553) . San Luis Obispo Co.: Edw. Palmer 3U-1 (Mu) . CHANNEL ISLANDS: Santa Cata- lina: Blakley 539U (Sd— 85037) . MEXICO: Baja California: R. V. Moran 16110 (Sd— TLhh6) , 16627 (Sd— 72969), 2363U (Ld) . Coahui- la: Richardson 1580 (Au— 302675) . CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 181*3] (Mu — 12U9) \ Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Kort. bot. Monac. I836] (Mu — 295) J Schrank s.n. [Hort. Monac.] (Mu~290) . Sweden: Collector undetermined s.n. (Ac) . LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Herb. Reg. Monac . 291 (Mu) . VERBENA BRASILIENSIS Veil. Additional synonymy: Verbena litoralis pycnostachya Schau. ex Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 680, in syn. 1971. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll, y. \x9h & U95. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969} G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1979; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 716. 197U; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland PI. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1396, 1397, & 1775. 1975} Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136 (1975), 31: 375 & 377 (1975), and 3U: 21*8— 250, 257, 260, & 270. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Ferreira refers to this plant as a shrub, 1.2 m. tall, and found it growing in "brejo" (sedge meadow). Roivainen found it with Lupinus arboreus "en la zona humosa-arenisca" in Chile. In Ecuador it was encountered at 2850 meters altitude by Heinrichs . Other recent collectors have found it growing in pine forests, at the edges of ditches, in dry soil in sunny places, in "poorly drained stiff soil", and in shallow pools on prairies. Monz re- fers to it as "scarce" and as "scattered but relatively abundant on roadsides" in Louisiana, Curry found it frequent along banks and among Colocasia, Kirby reports it abundant on railroad banks, and Rockett refers to it as common in waste places . Moore calls it a roadside weed and Claycomb asserts that in Louisiana it is 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 137 "a very common roadside weed" . On Ross 66 the label asserts that the leaves and stems were dark-green, while on C. A. Brown 2393 the collector informs us that there were "thick and thin spikes on the same plant" . Hebert refers to the species as "abundant in open cornfields". The corollas on Ferreira 126 are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh, while on Athanasius 6U and Van Wyk 267 they were "blue", on C. Allen 107 , C^ M. Allen 381 , Chandrapanya 2, Rockett 125 , and Ross 66 they were "purple", on Duque- Jarami llo 273k they were "light-blue", on Bougere 1U and FU R_. Smith 1732 "lavender", and on Krapovickas & al. 26799 "violet" . Additional vernacular names reported for V_^ brasillensls are "kudii penkel" and "verbena morada" . In addition to months previ- ously reported, the species has been collected in fruit in March. It has been found growing at altitudes of 200 to 3700 meters in Peru. Demaree speaks of it as "common" or "very common" in wet open woods and disturbed areas in Arkansas and in rocky bottoms in Alabama. VYerff comments that on Chatham Island, in the Galapagos, its flowers were "smaller and much more intense blue" than those on his no. 2181 (an as yet undetermined species) . The Claycomb s.n. [July 6, 19U2] and Montz l82lt , distributed as V. brasiliensis , actually are V_. bonariensis L., while Hort. Parag . 1005U , Romero-Castafleda 10668 , and T_. Rojas 1889 are actu- ally V. litoralis H.B.K. and Muhammad 259 and Urbatsch 1938 are V. montevidensis Spreng. Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Robeson Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29997 (Ac) . SOUTH CAROLINA: Bamberg Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 29963 (Ac, Ld, Tu) . Clarendon Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29977 (Tu) . Dillon Co . : Moldenke & Moldenke 29989 TLdTT Green- wood Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29263 (Ld) . Marion Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29987 (Kh) . Orangeburg Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29970 (Ac), 29971 (Gz). GEORGIA: Chatham: Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2992U (Ac, Gz, Ld) . Dougherty Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29361 (Ac). St. Sijnon's Island: Moldenke & Moldenke 29900 (Ac, Ld, Tu) . FLORIDA: Escambia Co.: Meebold 272l[o (Mu) ; R. R. Smith 1732 (Sd— 7U167) } S. M. Tracy 8706 (Ln— 70125) . Putnam Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 298U5 (Gz). ALABAMA: Montgomery Co.: Demaree 70060 (Ld) . MISSISSIPPI: Warren Co.: C_. A. Brown 18610 (Lv) . ARKANSAS: Cleveland Co.: Dem - aree 697U8a (Ld) . Lincoln Co.: Demaree 7022$ (Ld) . Saint Francis Co.: Demaree 15103 (Lv) . LOUISIANA: Acadia Par.: Chandrapanya 2 (Lv) . Bossier Par.: Robinette 239 (Lv) . East Baton Rouge Par.: C_. Allen 107 (Lv) ; C_. A. Brown 1008 (Lv); Curry 615 (Lv), 666 (Lv) j Hebert 207 (Ld); Ross 66 (Lv) . Lafayette Par.: Claycomb s.n. [June 13, 19U2] (Lv) . Lincoln Par.: Keiser 91 (Lc); D. K_. Lowe 3i (Lv); J. A_^ Moore 5200 (Lv) . Orleans Par.: C^ A. Brown 238 (Lv), 2393 (Lv); Meebold 2722U (Mu) . Ouachita Par.: B. Thompson & Botany 138 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 Class lj?7 (Lc) . Plaquemines Par.: C. A. Brown 2309 (Lv) . Pointe Coupee Par.: M. Chaney 111 (Lv) . Saint Charles Par.: Montz $6 (Lv), 182 (Lv), $66 (Lv), 637 (Lv, Lv, Lv) , 726 (Lv), 790 (Lv) . Saint Helena Par.: C_. M. Allen 381 (Lv); Rockett 12$ (LvT. Saint Tammany Par.: Bougere lU (Lv), 1091 (Lv) , 1099 (Lv) . Tangipahoa Par.: Frederick 108 (Lv) ; Kirbv 160 (Lv) . Terrebonne Par.: Arce- neaux s.n. [July 20, '37] (Lv); Bynum , Ingram , & Jaynes 3.n. [Houma, Apr. 23, 1933] (Lv) . West Feliciana Par.: Curry , Martin , & Allen 38 (Lv); Seib 10 (Lv) . TEXAS: Jefferson Co.: Stutzenbaker 20$ (Mu). CALIFORNIA: Butte Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 30291 (Ac, Ld, Mu, W) . COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca : Duque-Jaramillo 2707 (N), 273U (N). ECUADOR: Tunguragua: Heinrichs 6$ (Mu) . GALAPAGOS IS- LANDS: Chatham: Werff 218 [1U82] (Ld) . BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Ir- win, Harley, & Onishi 29$12 (W— 27$9076) . Parana^ L. F. Ferreira 1?6 (Ld) . Rio Grande do Sul: Reineck & Czermak 63 (Mu) . State undetermined: Martius 1033 (Mu"H BOLIVIA: La Paz: M. Bang 136 (Mu— 178$) . CHILE: Cautin: Roivainen 30$h (Mu) . Concepci6n: Neger s.n. [1893-96] (Mu— 3981;) . Valdivia: Athanasius 6U (Mu) . Valparaiso: Behn s.n. [Quilpul, 22 Januar 1931] (Mu) . ARGENTINA: C6rdoba: Lorentz 131 [Macbride photos 20316] (Mu) ; Pierotti s.n. [27/I/19UU] (Ut— 330$$9B, Ut~330$7$B). Corrientes: Krapovickas , Crist6bal , Irigoyen , & Schinini 26799 (Ld) . Mendoza: Ruiz Leal 8393 (Ut— 330$$8B) . SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: Meebold 128UO (Mu) . Transvaal: Van Wyk 267 (Ac) . VERBENA CABRERAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 120, 19$, 197, & hhO (197U) and 31: 388. 197$. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Krapovickas , Schinini , & Ojuarln 26689 (Ld) . VERBENA CABRERAE var. ANGUSTILOBATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 19$, 197, & UUO. 197U. VERBENA CALIFORNICA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 197. 197U. McNeal 92$ , a topotype, distributed as V_. officinalis L., was collected in moist rocky serpentine soil in streambed crossing (the actual type locality!), flowering in May. This is apparent- ly the exact spot where my wife and I, as well as our son, ob- served and collected this plant and where our son originally dis- covered it. Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Tuolumne Co.: McNeal 92$ (N) . VERBENA CALLIANTHA Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136. 197$. Troll encountered this species on paramos at 3^00 meters alti- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Vsrbena 139 tude . Porto & Oliveira describe it as stoloniferous, the "petals red (5P5/9)". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio C^ande do Sul: Porto & Oli - veiro ICN.9585 (Ut-- 3201*60) . BOLIVIA: Province undetermined: Troll 281 [Altos del Escalon] (Mu) . VERBENA CAMERONENSIS L. I. Davis Additional & emended bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. ^colog. Summ. 77. 1969} BoLkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 716. 197U; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2U3. 197U; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 5- 1975. Martlnez-Calder6n found this plant growing in "acahual" secon- dary vegetation, at 6 meters altitude, and the corollas on his no. 12U6 are said to have been "blue" . Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Martinez-Calder6n 12U6 (N). VERBENA CAMPESTRIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 218 (1972) and 36: 35. 1977. Kummrow found this plant growing in "orla campo das encosta de pequenos morros", flowering in September, and describes the corollas as white. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parani: Kummrow 111*2 (Z) . VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Br it ton Additional synonymy: Verbena lamberti B. M. ex G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 21*7. 1830. Glandularia aubletia <* Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 21*0. 181*0. Glandularia aubletia ^ Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9* 21*0. 181*0. Verbena pulchella erinoides Zucc. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 31*: 279, in sphalm. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 21*7 (1830) and ed. 2, 21*7. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 680. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552 & 602. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 602. 1839; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Supp. 2: 680. 1839; Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9'- 239—21*0. 181*0; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Schnitz- lein, Iconogr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. [3] & 137: fig. 3. 1856; Buek, Gen. Spec. & Syn. Candoll. 3: 199, h9h, & 1*95. 1858; Vila., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1, 936 (1865), ed. 2, 2: 973—971* (1866), and ed. 3, 1: 1197. 1870; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 510. 1891; Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1*, 1065 & 1070. I89I*; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 75. 1912; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 1*8: 571. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 715 & 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Healy, Gard. Guide PI. Names 225. 1972; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 715 & 716. 197U; EL-Gazzar, Egyot. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 1971*; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 21*: U63. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136— 138 (1975) and 31: 376. 377, U09, & 101. 1975; H. D. Wils., Vase. PI. Holmes Co. Cat. 5U- HiO PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 1975} Fleming, Genelle, & Long, Wild. Fls. Fla. 15 & 82 . 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 2h9, 250,270, 27k, & 279- 1976; Vander- poel, Natl. Wildlife 15 (l) : 50. 1976; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 88. 1977. Additional illustrations: Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 3, Is 1197 (1870) and ed. h, 1065. 189U; Vanderpoel, Natl. Wild- life 15 (1): 50 [in color]. 1976. It should be noted here that Spach's var. Oi is based on the original V. aubletia L. and is characterized by him as "a fleurs pourpres", while his var. ^ is based on V, drummondii (Lindl.) Baxt. and is characterized as "a fleurs lilas" . He regards Billardiera explanata Moench as a synonym of var. Ck . Of the species he says "Cette espece, originaire des provinces m£ridic— nales des F/tats-Unis, se cultive fr^quement comme plante de par- terre" . Tans describes the material of V. canadensis which he collec- ted "in recently landscaped roadside gravel in partial shade" as somewhat sprawling, the corollas rose-purple, the corolla-tube 17 mm. long, its limb 12 mm. wide, and the calyx 12 mm. long. Ste- phens found the species "in dry rocky limestone soil on prairie pasture hillside" . Waterfall encountered it in openings in oak- hickory woods on stony hillsides . The corollas on D'Arcy & Beck- ner 1656 are said to have been "showy blue-purple", while on LePlne 5056 they were "lavender", on Guguch 92 they were "rose", and on Ware 51 they were "blue" . Healy (1972) lists the horticultural varieties: "Compacta Ame- thyst", "Miss Susie Double", "Olympia", and "Royal Bouquet". These are listed as though varieties of V. canadensis, but certainly the last-mentioned (and perhaps all) is a cultivar of xV. hybrida Voss. Darlington & Wylie (1956) refer to V. canadensis as native to "N. & S. Am.", but this is erroneous — it is not known from South America', ion (18 30) calls V. aubletia "Aublet's vervain" and V. lamberti "Lambert's vervain", both now usually regarded as synonyms of V_. canadensis . He dates the introduction of Aublet's vervain into English gardens as 177U from "N. Amer.", but Lam- bert's vervain he says was introduced from "S. Amer.", date not known. This latter statement does not seem likely. In this connection it should be noted here that the Bahama Islands collection cited below does not indicate on its accom- panying label that it originated from cultivated material, but I assume that it did, since it is most unlikely that V_. canadensis should occur in the wild state on these islands. The " V. candensis " illustrated by Fleming, Genelle, & Long (1976) actually is V_. tenuisecta Briq.l Wilson (1975) cites H. D. Wilson i860 from Holmes County, Ohio, based on "a single plant". Recent collectors have encountered V. canadensis on dissected stream terraces, in cleared thickets on ridges, in mixed woods, open fields, and wooded areas on black calcareous soil, on "hill- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena llj. side rocks", under mixed hardwoods on dry hillsides, in clay soil of grassy fields with Trifolium , in black or black calcareous soil of prairies, and in novaculite bottoms. LePine refers to it as a common perennial, while Guguch calls it an occasional herba- ceous perennial. Collectors describe it as erect, with a flat- topped inflorescence, the stems ascending, h — 5 dm. tall, and the flowers odorless. Barker (1°6 Q ) reports it "Common, in rocky up- land orairies, on rocky prairie slopes, on rocky roadside embank- ments and along railroad right-of-ways. Found throughout the area." Other recent collectors have found the species in the red soil of dry pine flatwoods in Texas, while Demaree reports it "common in dolomite glades" in Arkansas. The Herb. Staatssamml . Launch, s .n. and I Serb . I'ort. Monac . s.n. , originally distributed as V. canadensis , are actually V. andrieuxli Schau., while £. A^ Churchill s .n. [lh May 195U] , Herb. Reg, Monac . s .n. [Missouri], and R. Krai 26li22 are V_. bipinnatifida Mutt., Karwinski s .n. [In imperio mexicano] is V_. elegans H.B.K., Purpus 6061 is V_. gooddingii Briq., Lindheimer IV. ^01 is V^ pumila Rydb., Kirby 116 is V. rigida Spreng., Curtiss 1963 is V_. tampensis Nash, and C_. A_. Brown 5636 is V_. tenuisecta Briq. Coppor s .n. [June 23, 1959] is anomalous in having the leaves of V. canadensis and the calyxes of V_. arabrosifolia Rydb. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Alachua Co.: D'Arcy & Beckner 16-^6 (Sd— 85760) . ALABA1A: Tuscaloosa Co.: Nevius s.nT (Lv, Lv) . OHIO: County undetermined: Frank s.n. [1837] (Mu— 262) . TENNESSEE: Wilson Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [2\x April 1971] (Ln— 236291) . WISCONSIN: Walworth Co.: Tans lh76 (Ts) . KANSAS: Franklin Co.: C °PP° r s - n « [^ne 23, 1959] (Lc). Lyon Co.: Sudweeks s.n. [6/13/ 60] (Lc). Osage Co.: Roush s.n. [6/16/59] (Lc); Stephens 30597 (Sd— IhhOO) . MISSOURI: Earry Co.: Meebold 25570 (Mu) . Coop^r~Co.: McReynolds 750651 (Lv) . Jackson Co.: Meebold 22681 (Mu) , 252i;8 (Mu) . St. Louis: Drummond s.n. [Saint Louis, 1832] (Mu— 29U) . ARKANSAS: Carroll Co.: Demaree 53U61; (Ln— 236563) . Drew Co.: Dem- aree 16566 (Lv). Hot Springs Co.: Demaree 16920 (Lv) . LOUISIANA: Ascension Par.: Ware 51 (Lv) . Bossier Par.: Robinette 67 (Lv) . Caddo Par.: C. A. Brown 20378 (Lv) ; N. F. Petersen s.n. [Apr. 10, 1909] (Lv). East Baton Rouge Par.: C. A. Brown s.n. [Sept. 30, 1936] (Lv). Natchitoches Par.: C. A. Brown 7U7 (Lv) . Ouachita Par.: Garland 200 (Lv) j Thomas & Jones 168U (KL— 11393) . Pointe Coupee Par.: M. Chaney 226 (Lv) . Saint John the Baptist Par.: au guch 21 ( Lv ^T LePine 5056 (Lv) . Saint Tammany Par.: Arsene u 982 (Lv) . Winn Par.: Brow n & Lenz 7607 (Lv), s.n. [April 7, 1939] (Lv); N. F. Petersen s.n. [h-12-12] (Lv) . OKLAHOMA: Creek Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [13 April 1953] (Ln— 2031*26), Mayes Co.: Waterfall 15292 (Mu) . Tulsa Co.: Stutts s.n. [April 12, 1142 P H Y T L G I A Vol. 36, no. 2 •la] (Lv) . TEXAS: Harris Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [1 May 1955] • (Ln— 201*153) . LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Prince Paul of Wurtemberg s.n. [America sept, civit. confed. 1831] (Mu — 1567) . CULTIVATED: Austria: Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [hort. Hugel, Vindob. 1839] (Mu — 269). Bahama Islands: Herb. Schmiedel s.n. [Ins. Ba- hamensis] (Mu— 256) . Germany: Herb. Grimm s.n. [1787] (Mu— 255) } Herb. Reg. Monac . 263 (Mu) j Herb. Schmiedel s.n. [h. Selton. '87] (Mu— 257) j Herb. Schreber s.n. [Hort. Erlang. 1778] (Mu— 258), s. n. [Hort. Erlang. 1785] (Mu— 259) ; Herb. Univ. Ludv. Maximil . s.n. (Mu — 251); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac] (Mu — 261*, Mu — 265); Schrank s.n. [Hort. Monac] (Mu— 250) . VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 199—200 & 1*51. 1971*. Coppor s.n. [June 23, 1959], cited under V. canadensis , has intermediate characters between that species and V_. ambrosifolia and may thus represent this hybrid. VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. ELEGANS H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200 & 1*51. 197c VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. MARITIMA Small Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200, 1*51, & 1*61*. 1971. VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200, 1*51, & 1*61*. 1971*. VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. TAMPENSIS Nash Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200, 1*51, & 1*65. 1971*. VERBENA CANESCENS H.B.K. Additional synonymy: Verbena canes cens var. canescens [H.B.K.] apud Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969. Additional & emended bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 1*19. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 21*7 (1830) , ed. 2, 21*7. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552 & 553. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 21*7. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 1*9U. 1858; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 71*. 1912; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969} Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 716. 197U; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 1971*; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138, 156, & 165 (1975), 31: 377 & 378 (1975), and 31*: 251, 252, & 278. 1976. 1977 Koldenke, Notes on Verbena H^ Don (1830) calls this the "canescent vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens from Mexico as 182U, but Loudon (1832) dates its introduction as 1820. Thomas (I969) calls it the "gray verbena" . Recent collectors have encountered this plant in clayish soil of desert scrub, in calcareous loam in chaparral on steep encan- yoned conglomerate fans, in calcareous gravelly soil of "matorral deseYtico microfilo inerme" on limestone hills, in open hilly limestone areas, on rock and gravel in xerophytic canyons, in "matorral des^rtico inerme y con espinas laterales" on mostly limestone hillsides with some extrusive igneous rock on top, on limestone gravel and rocky limestone slopes, and in "matorral subdeseYtico inerme y con espinas laterales" on flat areas near the bottom of "bajadas", growing in association with Larrea tri- dentata , Parthenium incanum , Celtis pallida , Flourensia cernua , Yucca carnerosana , Agave lecheguilla , Vauquelinia corymbosa , Fou - quleria splendens, Amelanchier , Acacia , Opuntia , Mortonia , Lycium , Mimosa , and Dasylirion. Henrickson refers to it as "frequent" in some localities and as an "infrequent perennial" in others. El- lis and his associates found it on "oak scrub hills with Lupirrus and Populus " . The corollas are said to have been "violet" on Henrickson 6263 « Demaree asserts that there were "not many' , of these plants where he made his Texan collection. Loesener (1912) cites Seler & Seler 3U88 from Coahuila, Mexico. Material of V_. canescens has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as " Verbena halii Small". Cn the other hand, the W. M. Jones 7, distributed as V, c anescens , actually is var. roe - meriana (Scheele) Perryj W^ Schumann 1070 is a mixture with V. gracilis Desf . Additional citations: TEXAS: Bexar Co.: Meebold 27301 (Mu) . Tarrant Co.: Demaree 66202 (Ld) . MEXICO: Chihuahua: Ellis , Le Doux , & Watkins 96U (N) . Coahuila: Henrickson 11601 (Ld); Johns - ton , Wendt , & Chiang C_. 10276b (Ld); Johnston , Wendt , Chiang £., & Riskind 117U0g (Ld) ; Marsh 1687 (LdTT Jalisco: Schumann 1070 , in part (Mu) . Nuevo Le<5n: Painter , Lucas, & Barkley LU276 (Ld) . Oaxaca: Pringle U78U (Mu— 1802) . Puebla: Ventura A. 157U (Sd— 78100). San Luis Potosi: Schaffner s.n. [1875-79] (Mu— 1557) . Tamaulipas: Painter & Barkley 15373 (Ld) . Zacatecas: Chiang , Wendt . & Johnston 7901 (Ld), 7920 (Ld) ; Henrickson 6263 (Ld); Johnston , Chiang , & Wendt 101+35 (Ld) , 10U1|0 (Ld) . VERBENA CANESCENS var. ROEMERIANA (Scheele) Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138, 1^6, & 165 (1975), 31: 378 (1975), and 3U: 251. 1976. Thomas (1969) calls this the "Roemer verbena". Additional citations: TEXAS: Brown Co.: J. Reverchon s.n. [Cur- -1 >,I, P H Y T L G I A Vol. 36, no. 2 tiss 1961] (Mu— 1556) . Caldwell Co.: W. M. Jones 7 (Mu) . Cameron Co.: R. Runyon 629 (Mu) . Comal Co.: Lindheimer 107k (Mu — UO86) . Kerr Co.: E. J. Palmer 10002 (Mu) . VERBENA CAROLINA L. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena carolinensis , melissae folio aspero Dill, in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pi. 301, fig. 388. 172Lu Verbena polystachya Kunth ex G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2^6. I83O. Verbena carolinensis etc. Dill, ex Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 5U6, in syn. 18U7. Verbena carolinensis &c. Dill, ex Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3* h9k, in syn. 1358. Verbena carolineana El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17s 75 & 78. 197IH Verbena Carolina var. polystachya (H.B.K.) Schimpff ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: Dill, in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pi. 301. fig. 388. 172U} G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2I46 (1830) and ed. 2, 2U6. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1332} G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2U6. 1839} Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. y. ii9u— U96. 1858} Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 132. 1907} Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 7U. 1912} Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716 (I969) and imp. 2, 716. 1971} El- Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197k} Garcia, MacBryde, Molina, & Herrera-MacBryde , Malez. Preval. Cent. Am. 1U3 & 161. 1975} Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975} L6pez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 92. 1975} Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138—139 (1975) and 31: 373. 1975} Molina R., Ceiba 19: 95. 1975} Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976: Mol- denke, Phytologia 3u: 270, 278, & 281 (1976) and 36: U7. 1977. Additional illustrations: Dill, in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pi. 301, fig. 388. 172li} Garcia, MacBryde, Molina, & Herrera-MacBryde, Malez. Preval. Cent. Am. 1U3 (in color). 1975. According to Druce & Vines (1907) the Dillen pre-Linnean des- ignation for this species is represented in his herbarium by a cultivated specimen from the Eltham Garden, collected in 1726, and referred to V. caroliniana Willd. by Klinsmann, to V. poly- stachya H.B.K. by Asa Gray, and finally to V. Carolina L. Don (1830) calls the species the "Carolina vervain" and gives 1732 as the date of its introduction from "N. Amer." into Eng- lish gardens — but it was in cultivation there as early as 1726 according to Dillen. The cospecific V. veronicaefolia he calls the "veronica-leaved vervain" and avers that it was introduced from Mexico in 1825} V_^ polystachya he calls the "many-spiked vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens from Mexico as 1820. It should be noted here that the specimen from the Bahama Is- lands, cited below, does not bear any indication on its accom- panying label that it came from cultivated material, but I am as- suming that it did because V. Carolina is not known in the wild 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 1U5 condition on those islands. Recent collectors have encountered V. Carolina in pinelands, along streams in granitic canyons "growing with Cordia, Quercus, Phaseolus, Ipomopsis , grasses, and herbs", and "in pine forests, some parts of which were severely cutover, in basic usually thin sandy soil capped by thick basalt, but with soft bedded volcanic underneath, with caves containing well-preserved Amerind pueblos and relics in the overhang, growing with Pinus spp. and Quercus spp." Henrickson refers to it as an "infrequent annual in dis- turbed areas". The corollas were "blue" on Gontreras 10972 and "violet-blue" on Colaris 1529. Loesener (1912) cites Seler & Seler 130U from Mexico. The Kar- winski s .n. [in imperio mexicano] , distributed as V_. Carolina , ac- tually is V_. ehrenbergiana Schau., while Martinez Calder<5n 1352 is V. longifolia f . albiflora Moldenke , H. H. Rusby 780 is V. mac- dougalii Heller, Spencer s .n. [19l6.U.25T"is V. menthaefolla Benth., Karwinski s.n. is V. recta H.3.H., C. A. Brown 3892 , Par- ish & Parish lolp , and Wurzlow s.n. [June 20, 1912] are V. scabra Vahl, Herb. Schwaegrichen s .n. , Herb. Zuccarinl s .n. [h. b. Mon. 1819], and Schoepf s.n. [ad New York] are V_^ simplex Lehm., and Herb. Reg. Monac . 250 is Stachytarphet a angustifolia f . elatior (Schrad.) L5pez-Palacios . Additional citations: ARIZONA: County undetermined: Stalmach 198 (Au— 122071). MEXICO: Chihuahua: McCabe lhO (Ws); Wilson , Johnston , & Johnston 8595 (Id) . Federal District: Barkley , Row- ell , & Webster 2199 (Ln— 189707) . Mexico: Salinas M. 85 (Ws) . Oaxaca: Colaris 1529 (Ut— 323615B) ; Pringle U392 (Mu— 180U) . Za- catecas: Henrickson 13U92 (Ld) . GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: Contre- ras 10972 (W—27953U5) . Guatemala: Kellerman 65UO (Ld) . Santa Rosa: Heyde & Lux 3019 (Mu— 1808) . SoloLi: Kellerman 5825 (Ac, Au) . CULTIVATED: Bahama Islands: Herb. Schmiedel s.n, [Insul. Bahamens.] (Mu — 297). Germany: Schreber s.n. [Hort. Bot. Erlang.] (Mu— 298) . VERBENA CAROLINA f . ALEIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: U95» 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 203 & U32. 197U. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Gutierrez R_. 3U2 (Ws) . VERBENA CATHARINAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 203. 197U. Hatschbach encountered this plant along roadsides and the cor- ollas are said to have been "deep-lilac" on Hatschbach LU968 . Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parana*: Hatschbach 1U95U [Herb. Brad. U8OO8] (Mu) , IU968 [Herb. Brad. 1*3009] (Mu) . VERBENA CHILENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 186 (1972) 1U6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 and 3U: 260. 1976. Additional citations: CHILE: Valdivia: Neger s.n. [Villarrica,. 1897] (Mu— 3983). VERBENA CILIATA Benth. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: U9U. 1858; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53s 75. 1912; Bolkh., Grif, Katvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 716. 197U; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975} E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132 & 139 (1975) and 3U: 252 & 270. 1976; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 173. 1977. Tilforth describes this plant as an "annual, branched from base and above, decumbent to ascending, common but in groups. Other recent collectors have encountered it "on mezquital and tobosa flats in alluvial bajadas in fine textured alluvial soil", "in creosote scrub of Chihuahuan Desert", "in open Chihuahuan Desert with rocky reddish clay soil", in clay soil of dry lakes, in rocky clay soil, in small ravines, "in limestone soil of rugged lime- stone sierra", "in matorral des£rtico microfilo inerme on broad alluvial flats, in calcareous adobe alluvium", "in limestone soil in areas of extensive chaparral and oaks, the lower slopes with Yucca carnerosana and Dasylirion , the upper slopes with Pinus ponderosa and Agave macroculmis ", "in chaparral with many pines on the higher slopes, in steep canyon through mountains of igne- ous rock, mostly intrusive basics, in gravelly, grussy and sandy soils derived from the igneous rock", "in calcareous gravelly adobe of matorral subdeseVtico inerme y con espinas laterales in flat areas near bottom of bajada", "in gravelly pale alluvial adobe soil of izotal of Yucca filifera in low flat valley bottoms between gentle hills", and in open pine- juniper woodland-meadow areas, growing in association with Prosopis glandulosa , Hilar ia mutica, Agave lecheguilla , Yucca carnerosana , Y. filifera , Larrea tridentata , Opuntia imbricata , Celtis pallida , Flourensia cernua, Atriplex . Bahia , Conyza , Salsola , Acacia , Buddie ia , Jatropha , Par- thenium, Aloysia , Clematis , Sicyos , Quercus, Pinus , Pseudotsuga, Ceanothus , Cercocarpus , Salvia , Carex, Bidens , Eryngium , pinyon, juniper, various composites, and numerous annuals. Torke and his associates found it in "red soil, still heavily cultivated area with some cacti and associates", at 5750 feet altitude. Stuessy refers to it as "scarce in Prosopis-Larrea scrub" . Davidse en- countered it "in Bouteloua grassland with low shrubs and Opuntia " . Collectors describe the plant as a small decumbent perennial, 6 inches to 1 foot tall. Henrickson refers to it as "frequent" or "infrequent" and as "a common roadside weed" . The corollas on Henrickson 13293 and Ventura A. I6I46 are said to have been "purple", while on Tilforth 562 they were "purple 1977 Moldenke, Notos on Verbena lit 7 with externally white lobes", on Kenrickson 63U5c & 11212 they were "violet", on Kenrick3on 5900b "light-violet", on Henrickson 3027 "red-violet", on Johnston , Chiang , & Wendt 101+32 "deep-pink", on Chiang , '.Vendt , & Johnston 7987 "dark rose-pink", and on Stuessy 965 "pale-blue". Thomas (1969) calls it the "fringe verbena". Mrs. Jordan (1975) records the common name, "hairy verbena". Loesener (1912) cites Seler & Seler 1120 , 1173 , 117U , 1379 , & 3555 from Guanajuato, Michoacan, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca, Mexico, and Ii056 from Kinney County, Texas. The Reeves & Pinkava 11933 , distributed as V^ ciliata , is actu- ally V. bipinnatifida Uutt., while J_j_ JU Churchill s .n. [23 April 1953] is V, ciliata var. pub era (Greene) Perry, Edw. Palmer 339 Reeves & Lehto R.1166 , Reeves & Pinkava 1191*7, and Warren & Turner 68-87 are 7. gooddingii Briq., Fugate , McLaughlin , & U civ' anus 652 . and Warren & Turner 68-33 are V. gooddingii var. nepetlfolia Tid- es tr., T, Reeves R.1166 is xV, perplexa Moldenke, Lindheimer 1075 is V. pumlla Rydb., Croft s.n. [San Diego, 1385] is V. quadrangulata Heller, Pringle Ul30 and Schaffner s.n. [San Luis Potosi, 1375-79] are V. teucrii folia Mart. & Gal., and Senple & Love 321 and Van Devender & Van Devender s .n. [23 March 1976] are V_. wrightii A. Gray. Meebold 27236 is a mixture of V_. bipinnatifida Nutt. and Evolvulus sp. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Tilforth 562 (Mi, Sd— 9075D. Pima Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [29 March 1972T (In— 235661). Pinal Co.: Thornber s.n. [May 28, 1905] (Ld) . MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 5723 (Ld), 8027 (Ld) , 11212 (Ld); Johnston , Wendt , & Chiang C^ 105U0a (Ld) , 11307e (Ld)} Stuessy £65 (Ws) . Coahuila: Chiang C., Vfendt, & Johnston 7738 (Ld); Henrickson 5950b (Ld) ; Johnston , Wendt , Chiang C^, & Riskind 11985m (Ld) . Nuevo Le6n: Chiang C , Wendt , & Johnston 7987 (Ld) . Michoacan: Torke , LeDoux , & Ellis 302 (N) . Puebla: Ventura A. 16U6 (Sd— 78371). San Luis Potosl: Schaffner s.n. [San Luis Potosl, 1875- 79] (Mu— 1561) . Veracruz: Kerber 255 (Mi, Mu— 1777) . Zacatecas: Chiang C., Wendt , & Johnston 7887 (Ld), 7900 (Ld); Davids e 99U1* (Ld); Henrickson 63U5c (Ld), 6667 (Ld), 13293 (Ld); Johnston , Chiang C_., & Wendt 10U32 (Ld) ; Johnston , Wendt , & Chiang £. 11566a (Ld) . State undetermined: W. Schumann 1071 [Feral] (Mu — 3892) . VERBENA CILIATA var. LONGIDENTATA Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex PI. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969} Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 20U— 205 (197U) and 3k: 252 & 270. 1976. Runyon reports this plant "very abundant in this region [Cam- eron County, Texas] , covers acres of ground and is widespread in open fields, sandy soil" and describes it as an "erect branching and spreading herb". The corollas are said by him to have been "blue-purple" on R. Runyon 1782 , a collection which has been mis- l!|8 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 identified and erroneously cited previously by me as V. ambrosi- folia f . eglandulosa Perry. The corollas are described as "lavender-blue" on Henrickson 7630 and "light magenta and purple" on Henrickson 6239 . Recent collectors in Mexico have found the plant growing in rock and gravel in xerophytic canyons, in low clay roadside ditches, and on steep limestone-shale southwest-facing slopes, growing in associa- tion with Agave , Baccharis , Conyza , Flourensia , Fouquieria , Larrea, Parthenium , Pectis, Tidestromia , Yucca , cacti, grasses, etc., at altitudes of U500 — 6100 feet. Henrickson refers to it as an "in- frequent annual". Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V^ erinoides Lam. or V. multifida Ruiz & Pav. The Ramirez & Cardenas 13, cited previously and again below, is a mixture with V. ambrosifolia Rydb. Additional & emended citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: R. Runyon 1782 (Mu, Rr, Rr) . Zavala Co.: Ramirez & Cardenas 13, in part (Au— 2U521U) . MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 7630 (Ld) . Nuevo Le- on: Painter , Lucas , & Barkley 1U290 (Ld) . Zacatecas: Henrickson 6239 (Ld). CULTIVATED: France: Weinkauff s.n. [Jard. des plant. 183U] (Mu — 125k). Germany: Berger s.n. (Mu— 310); Herb. Schwaeg - richen s.n. [Hort. Lipsiensis] (Mu — 1252, Mu — 1253) * Herb. Zuccar- ini s.n. (Mu— 311, Mu— 312). VERBENA CILIATA var. PUBERA (Greene) Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 139. 1975. The Meebold 22li91 , distributed as V. ciliata var. pubera , is actually V. wrightii A. Gray. Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: G. L^ Fisher s.n. [Nara Visa, Apr. 21, 1911] (Mu— U2U7). ARIZONA: Mohave Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [2U April 1953] (Ln— 2031*25) . VERBENA. CLAVATA Ruiz & Pav. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: h9h» 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 205. 197k; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. The Princess Therese of Bavaria 281 , distributed as V_. clavata , actually is V_. occulta Moldenke. Additional citations: MODNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 1: pi. 33, fig. b. 1797 (N, Z). VERBENA CLAVATA f . ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 191. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. VERBENA CLAVATA var. CASMENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 191. 1972; 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 1U9 Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. xVERBENA CLEMENSORUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 192 & U35 . 1972. VERBENA CLOVERAE Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Eco- log. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197U; Mol- denke, Phytologia 30: 139. 1975. Thomas (1969) calls this the "Clover verbena". xVERBENA CORRUPTA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 139 — 1U0 (1975) and 31: 101. 1975. VERBENA CORYMBOSA Ruiz & Pav. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: U9U. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197U; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: U63. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: lUO (1975) and 3U: 260. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Hollermayer describes this plant as 1 meter or more tall. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Hollermayer 62, while Lindeman says "corola roxa 2P7/6" and encountered the plant in a "pequefio bafihado" . Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman ICN. 9luU8 (Ut— 320U55). Santa Catarina: Lourteig 2161+ (NTT CHILE: Bio-Bio: Neger s.n. [S. Juan, 1895-97] (Mu— 2980T. Concepci6n: Merxminier 2U819 (Mu) . Valdivia: Buchtien s.n. [Valdivia, 19/2/ 190li] (Mu—3995); Hollermayer 62 (Mu) . Laxa Island: Poeppig III. 157 (Mu— 305). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 1: pi. 33, fig. a. 1797 (N, Z) . VERBENA CRITHMIFOLIA Gill. & Hook. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena critmifolia Gill. & Hook, ex Moldenke, Lilloa 8: 1+29, in nota. 19U2; Phytologia 9: U6, in syn. I963. Verbena critmifolia Gill, ex Moldenke, Resume" Suppl. 3: 37, in syn. 1962. Additional & emended bibliography: Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: h9h & 507. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 715 & 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 716. 197U} Mol- denke, Phytologia 30: lhO. 1975. The Lossen 8, distributed as V. c rithmifolia , actually is V. hookeriana (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: La Pampa: Krapovickas , Cris- tobal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 22321 (N) . Neuquen: Ammann 115 (MuT: 150 PKYT0L0GIA Vol. 36, no. 2 VERBENA CUMINGII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133 & lhO, 1975. VERBENA CUNEIFOLIA Ruiz & Pav. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3'- h9h. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3h8~-3h9. 197U} Soukup, Bi- ota ili 18. 1976. The corollas on Infantes $295 are described as having been "moradas" [purple] and this collector encountered the plant in flower in February. Ferreyra describes it as a subshrub, 1*0 — 80 cm. tall, and found it growing in puna and pajonal associa- tions, at 3900 — 1*000 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in May. L6pez-Palacios describes it as an "hierba rastrera, hojas de 1 — 1.5 cm, flores morado claro, pequeflas, espigas delgadas" and encountered it at 2500 meters altitude. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Loja: L6pez-Palacios Ip.62 (Z) . PERU: Ancash: R. Ferreyra 11+393 (W~-27ii0336) . La Libertad: In- fantes 5295 (Mu) . xVERBENA DEAMII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Tor- rey Bot. Club 102: 19U, 195, & 197. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: lUo (1975) and 3h'- 250. 1976. Perkins and his associates (1975) found a single plant of this hybrid in a mixed population of verbenas including both parents, which, when artificially pollinated with V_. brae tea ta pollen, produced a plant with 133 potential seeds and a 17.3 percentage of actual seed-set — V. bracteata, one parent, had 66.5 percent seed-set and V. striata, the other parent, had 76.3 — 87.6 percent seed-set. The only insect observed visit- ing indiscriminately both parental plants and their hybrid was Systropus sp. (observed with actual Verbena pollen on the head). Additional citations: MISSOURI: County undetermined: Martens s.n. [Missouri] (Mu — 292) . VERBENA DELICATULA Mart. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3- h9h» 1858} Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 106. 1972. VERBENA DELTICOLA Small Additional & emended bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716 (I969) and imp. 2, 716. 1971; J Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3U9 (197U) and 3u: 251. 1976. Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: C_. L. Lundell 10758 (N). Nueces Co.: Duncan s.n. [March 16, 1975] (Ac). MEXICO: Nuevo Le6n: F. A. Barkley IU36I (Ld) . 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 151 VERBENA DEMISSA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 222 & 233 (1972), 3U: 257 (1976), and 36: 33 & 51. 1977. This plant has been found in flower and fruit in March (in ad- dition to the months previously recorded by me) . Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. Carolina var. polystachya (H.B.K.) Schimpff. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Schimpff 765 (Mu) . VERBENA DEMISSA f. ALBA Moldenke, Phytologia 36: $1. 1977. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 33 & 51. 1977. Citations: ECUADOR: Pichincha: L6pez-Palacios U200 (Z— type) . xVERBENA DERMENI Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena dermani Mold, ex Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 1U0 (1975) and 31: 38U. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 13. 1976. Material of this hybrid has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. litoralis H.B.K. On the other hand, the Pedersen 9867 , distributed as this hybrid, seems to be typical V. hispida Rufz & Pav. Additional citations: PERU: Jun£n: W. Hoffmann 182 (Mu) . BOLIV- IA: La Paz: 0. Buchtien 185 (Mu) . VERBENA DISSECTA Willd. Additional synonymy: Verbena disecta Willd. ex Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Glandularia disecta (Willd.) Schnack 5c Covas ex Soukup, Biota 11: 16, in syn. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: U9U. 1858} Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 715 & 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 716. 197U; Moldenke Phytologia 28: 3U9 . 197U; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 318 & U09. 197U; L6pez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 9U. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: U2 & hi. 1977. The corollas on Cabrera & al. 17128 are said to have been "li- lac" when fresh. The Dessauer s.n. and Frb'mbling s.n. [Chili 1886], distributed as V. dissecta , actually are V. berterii (Meisn.) Schau., while Araujo~1256 [Herb. FEEMA 1226HT is V. tenera Spreng. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Cabrera , Fabris , Torres, & Tur 17128 (Mu) . Santiago del Estero: Pierotti "h" [1-IV- 9hh] (Ut— 330536B) , "h" [6-h-hh] (Ut— 33056UB) . VERBENA DOMINGENSIS Urb. Additional bibliography: Le6n & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 281. 197Uj Moldenke, Phytologia 30: ll|0, 159, & 169 (1975) and 3U: 19— 20 & 25U. 1976. 152 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 The corollas on Liogier & Liogier 19U89 are said to have been "dark-purple" when fresh. Material of V. domingensis has been distributed in some her- baria as "Labiata sp." and as " Labiatae sp. Subaphylla " . On the other hand, the Liogier 168U6 , distributed as typical V_. domin- gensis , actually is the type collection of f . foliosa Moldenke, while Curtiss 677 and Rugel 212 [856] and perhaps most or all the other Cuban material cited by me in previous installments of these notes are V^ officinalis L. [or, perhaps more likely, V. halei Small]. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Eggers 1828 (Mu— 1*108), 217$ (Mu— 3902) j Liogier & Liogier 19U89 (N) . VERBENA. DOMINGEtBIS f . FOLIOSA Moldenke, Phytologia 3I4: 19—20. 1976. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3hi 19 — 20 & 2^U - 1976. Citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Liogier l68i|6 (N — type). VERBENA EHRENBERGIANA Schau. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll, y. U9U. 1858} Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197U; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 207 (197U) and 3k: 251 & 252. 1976. Mears reports finding this species growing in association with Fuchsia , Reseda , Stillingia , Cheilanthes , and Cornus ♦ Material of V_. ehrenbergiana has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as V. officinalis L. On the other hand, the Stalmach I98 , previously cited by me as V. ehrenbergiana , seems, on re-examination, to be V_. Carolina L., thus nullifying the only "record" of V. ehrenbergiana from outside of Mexico. Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Mears 299b (Ln— 222097); Moore & Wood 3962 (Mi) . Nuevo Le6n: Pringle 19U8 (Mu— 3893) • Ta- maulipas: Richardson 188 (Ld) . State undetermined: Karwinski s.n. [Taloman, July 1827] (Mu— 307, Mu— 308, Mu— 3^6), s.n. [in imperio mexicano] (Mu — ljl9) . VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. Additional synonymy: Verbena moranensis H.B.K. apud Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3 J 1*95, in syn. 1858. Additional bibliography: G. Don in Loud.. Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2U7 (1830), ed. 2, 2kl (1832), and ed. 3, 2U7. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: h9h & k9$ . 1858; G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., ijnp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197k} El- Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17$ 75 & 78. 197U; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 28: 3ii9, U5l, & U57. 197U; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2U: 1*61*. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 13k (1975) and 31* 378. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on bare hills and 1977 Moldenke, Motes on Verbena 153 in hillside oak forests, on northeast-facing slopes, in calcare- ous loam in areas of matorral-chaoarral-encinar on slopes of alluv- ial fans, crowing in association with Agave lecheguilla , Partheni - um incanum , Opuntia leptocaulis , Kesperaloe , and Cercocarpus , at 550 meters altitude, flowering in May. Don (1830) calls this species the "elegant vervain" and dates its introduction into '-.nglish gardens from Mexico as 1326. Hears reports finding it growing with Cornus , Drymaria , Dudleya , Lobelia , Maurandya , Heuchera , Piqueria , and Reseda in iiidalgo. Hendricks reports it growing "from a stout shallow caudex" and "not common" at 3000 feet altitude, and on his no. U39 the corollas are said to have been "lavender, one petal notched and larger". The Sydow s.n. [Sept. 1900], distributed as typical V. elegans , actually represents var. aspera ta Perry. ' Additional citations: MEXICO: Coahuila: Johnston . ang_ C. 10161b (Ld) ; Keil . Meyer , Lewis , & Pinkava 6037 ""(Ld" # t 68562). Durango: Hendricks h39 (Ws) . Hidalgo: Mears 307c (Mu) ; PringOe 6903 (Ln— 70156, Ma— 3732), 7591 (Mu~US57TTroIT hhQ (Ma). Sonora: Reeves & Lehto L08689 (Te-753W) . State~unde"ter- mined: Karwinski s.n. [in imperio mexicano] (Mu— 266, Mu— 267) . VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 203 & U57. 19 lh . VERBENA ELEGANS H.E.K. x V. PULCHELLA Sweet Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 208 & h$l . VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. STELLARIOIDES Cham. 197 L dditl0nal bi bliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 208 & U57. VERBENA ELEGANS var. ASPERATA Perry 7fl Ad oS i °u% 1 tocography: Q. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Summ. 378 197^ ldenke ' Ph y tol °gi a 30: 13U & 11*0— lla (1975) and 31: Hendricks encountered this plant in wet mountain meadows . Adoitdonal citations: MEXICO: Durango: Hend ricks 538 (Ws) . San Luxs Potosl: Sanderson 262 (Ln~233l91) . Tamaulipas~rbatsch 2U23 (Ld). CILTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Schonau s.n. (Mu) . Sweden: tydow s.n. [Sept. 1900] (Ac) . xVERBENA ENGELMANNII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Greller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 7T \V S \ ?* A * Davidson » sta *e Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 ^/'•J- 959 ; l: ° lde nke, Phytologia 30: lla & 17k (1975) 31: 377 (1975), 3h 2h7 & 2^8 (1976), and 36: 29. 1977. The Wheeler collection cited below exhibits some fasciated in- 15U PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 florescences. Greller (1975) reports the hybrid from Suffolk County, Mew York, while Davidson (1959) found it in Louisa and Van Duren Counties, Iowa. Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Cass Co.: Geye r s.n. [Beards- town, July 13U2] (Mu — 363 — isotype) . Winnebago Co.: M. 5. Lebb s.n. [Fountaindale] (Mu--li250) . MICHIGAN: Ingham Co.: C. F. Whe eler s.n. [Aug. 30, I89O] (Ln— 1U2UU9) • VERBENA EPHEDROIDES Cham. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: h9U. 1358 j Moldenke, Phytologia 30: II4I. 1975. The Lorentz 131, distributed as V. eph edroides , is actually V. brasiliensis Veil. VERBENA FASCICULATA Benth. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 230—231 (1972) and 2U: U6 . 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18 & 19. 1976; Molden- ke, Phytologia 36: 33. 1977. Additional citations: PERU: lea: Ellenberg U91U (Ac). VERBENA FERREYRAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 231. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. VERBENA FILICAULIS Schau. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3' U9U & k95. 1358; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: lUl. 1975. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Widgren s.n. [18U5] (Mu— 1566). Parani: Dusen 15679 (Mu) . SSo Paulo: F. C. Hoehne hh3 (Ku— U317) . VERBENA FLAVA Gill. & Hook. Additional & emended bibliography: Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 555—556. 18U7J Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3'- k9k. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 715 & 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 717. 197k; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: liil. 1975. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Mendoza: Ruiz Leal 8503 (Ld, Ut— 330570B) . Neuquen: Ammann 113 (Mu, Mu); Schajovskoy 137 (Mu) , 138 (Mu) . VERBENA GALAPAGOSENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23* 232. 1972; Balgooy, Pacif . PI. Areas 3'- 2u5. 1975. L6pez-Palacios describes this plant as "hierba de 70 cm. a 1 m., hojas superiores relativamente estrechas, fl. morado claro" and found it in flower and fruit in February. Van der Werff ' s collection, cited below, is placed here tenta- tively, awaiting his publication on the Galapagos verbenas . He says of it that "The plant was shrubby, with ascending stems to 2 m. long; leaves small, only at [the] base of stems are there dis- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 155 tinctly larger leaves". He found it growing "at crater rim in a . dry area in no way comparable to the wet fern-sedge zones that are found on the summits of" Chatham and Indefatigable Islands. Additional citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Albemarle: L6pez- Palacios U298 (Z); V_tn der Werff 1580 (Z) . VERBENA GENTkYI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23* 232 (1972) and %t 252. 1976. Henrickson has collected what appears to be this species at 7600 feet altitude, where he found it to be frequent in shaded woods in association with Carex , Bidens, Eryngium , composites, pines, oaks, etc., in an area of open pine- juniper woodland-meadow, flowering and fruiting in September. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 8035 (Ld) . VERBENA GLABRATA H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3s U9U. 1858; Balgooy, Pacif. PI. Areas 3'- 2^5. 1975} L6pez-Palacios, Re- vist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 92. 1975; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 30: lid. 1975} Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. In addition to the months previously reported by me, this spe- cies has been collected in fruit in March. Kecent collectors have encountered it on valley floors and in volcanic sand and tufa on basalt rock at 11,600 feet altitude. Ldpez-Palacios & Id- robo describe the plant as "Hierba acumbente, de 1—60 cm. Espi- gas densas . Coronadas de flores lila intenso" or "lila claro" and as "hierba rastrera", the corollas "morado claro" or "morado muy claro", found it growing at 2U50 — 3200 meters altitude, and record the vernacular name, "verbena blanca" . The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Saunders 363* Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cauca: L6pez-Palacios & Idrobo 372U (Ac, N) . Nariffo: L6pez-Palacios & Idrobo 3769 (Ld, N) . EC- UADOR: Cotopaxi: Collector undetermined VIII (Mu— 1106) , XIV (Mu— 1107) . Imbabura: L6pez-Palacios U06U (Ld) . Pichincha: Herb. Univ. Cent. Quito 23ll (Mu) , 23h2 (Mu) , 23U; (Mu) ; L6pez-Palacios U206 (Ld), U227 (Ld) . PERU: Lima: S. G. E. Saunders 363 (Ld) . VERBENA GLABRATA var. TENUISPICATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 233. 1972 j Balgooy, Pacif. PI. Areas 3". 2U5. 1975. Van der Werff comments that "This is the Verbena from the wet fern-sedge zone on Cerro Azul. The stems are crawling-ascending and the plants no more than 50 cm. tall." Additional citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Albemarle: Van der Werff 2236 [1586] (Z) . VERBENA GLANDULIFERA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: lU.. 1975. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color on Lossen 156 P H Y T L C G I A Vol. 36, no. 2 72 when fresh. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: C6rdoba: Lossen 72 (Mu— 1*371)-. VERBENA GLUTINOSA Kuntze Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11*1. 1975. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Neuquen: Ammann 111 (Mu) , 112 (Mu). VERBENA G00DDINGII Briq. Additional synonymy: Verbena ciliata var. alba Palmer ex Mol- denke, Phytologia 3h s 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. PI. Ecolog. Suram. 78. 1969j Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 1, 715 & 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 717. 197U; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. PI. 3: 1753—1755 (197U) and 1*: 2295. 197U; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11*1—11*2 & 179 (1975), 31: ]*15 (1975), and 3U: 278. 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this species in the juniper vegetational zone, in sandy soil in the juniper-pinyon-oak associ- ation, in a limestone canyon with scattered juniper and mixed shrubs, in rocky soil, on desert slopes, and by a permanent stream in grazed oak-Sonoran zone. Moran reports it "common on burns". Mrs. Jordan (1975) calls it the "Goodding vervain", while Thomas (1979) calls it the "Goodding verbena" . Palmer's V. ciliata var. alba seems to be based on Ed. Palmer 339 from the Mohave Desert of southern California. Gibbs (1971*) reports that the Ehrlich test gave positive re- sults (bright blue-green) in the leaves of this species, but that cyanogenesis and leucoanthocyanin are absent from the leaves and syringin is absent from the stems . Additional citations: NEVADA: Clark Co.: Purpus 6061 (Mu— 1*285). ARIZONA: Gila Co.: Higgins 8790 (N) . Mohave Co.: Atwood 6026 (N); J. A. Churchill s.n. [18 April 1953] (Ln— 201*267) ; M. E. Jones s.n. [Hackberry, May 21*, 1881*] (Ln— 70252); Reeves & Pinkava 119l*7 (N, W— 2737221) . Pima Co.: L. M. Andrews 259 (N)j Lehto , Brown , Nash , & Pinkava 1061*6 (W— 2736615) ; Warren & Turner 68-87 (Ld). Pinal Co.: Mrs. R. S. Baker s.n. [Oracle, Spring 1901] (Ln— 120073) ; Meebold 15588 TMuJj" Moroz s.n. [Schallert 22811*] (Mu) . Santa Cruz Co.: Reeves R.1166 (N) . CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co.: D. Howe s.n. [21* April 1968] (Sd— 70017) ; Sdw. Palmer 339 (Mu— 1563). MEXICO: Baja California: R. V. Moran 17739 (Sd— 75136) . VERBENA GOODDINGII var. NEPETIFOLIA Tidestr. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 350 (1971*) and 31: 1*15. 1975. Moran found this plant to be "fairly common" at 300 meters alti- tude in Baja California; also "occasional" and "locally common in disturbed areas", "occasional in arroyo beds", "occasional in dis- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 157 turbed roadside soil", and on south-facing talus slopes in that state. Other collectors have found it in short-tree forests and growing in association with 7/ashingtonia filifera. The corollas are described as having bee.i "lavender" on R. V. f.'oran lnh05 , 200U7 , 21750, fc 22099 , "pal— lavender" on R. V. Moj- ran 20633 St 21333 , and "pink" on Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062. The Spellenberg y j_ s pellenberg 3062 , cited below, was previous- ly incorrectly listed by me as V, ambrosifolia rtydb . These two collectors describe the plants as growing in "clumps with many stems" . Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Spellenberg & Spel - lenberg 3062 (N) . Pima Co.: Fugate , McLaughlin , & lici-anus 652 (Ld)j "/arren & Turner 68-33 (Sd— 73500) . Yuma Co.: Phillips , Phillips , Goldberg , Kugate , _ I.:c?.'.anus 6U7 (Ld) . MEXICO: 3a ja Cal- ifornia: R. V. l.oran I6I4O5 (Sd— 75U81), 200U7 (Sd~92U59) , 20638 (Sd— 53939), 21750 (Sd— 91255), 21333 (Sd— 91260), 22099 (Sd— 19U77); l-oran , Witham, h Homme r sand 165U1 (Sd — 71562). Sonora: Argue.i le s 73 (Ld, Ld) . xVERBENA GOODMANI Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena stricta x halei Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19U, in syn. 1975. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 237 & 1*36. 1972; Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19U, 195, & 197. 1975} Moldenke, Phytologia 3U: 279. 1976. Perkins and his associates (1975) found one plant of this hy- brid among a mixed population of verbenas including both parents, which, when artificially cross-pollinated with V, halei pollen produced lu9 potential seeds or a 26.8 percent seed-set, whereas 12 insect-visited V. halei plants produced U68 seeds (a 68 percent seed-set) and insect-visited V, stricta plants produced a 76.3— 87.6 percent seed-set. They tell us that xV^ goodmani and xV_. il- licita Moldenke are the two most common naturally occurring hy- brids in a mixed population of the parental species; 10 plants of the former and 20 of the latter were found in the area tested. VERBENA GRACILESCENS (Cham.) Herter Additional & emended bibliography: Bolkh., Grif. Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrcm. Numb. Plow. PI., imp. 1, 717 (1969; and imp. 2, 717. 197U; L<5pez-Palacios, Revist. Fac . Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 92. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11+2 & 159. 1975. Recent collectors have found this plant in fruit in November. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when fresh on Krapovickas & al. 26687 and "white" on Schinini & Crist6bal 9865 . Lindeman and his associates encountered it in a "beira do rio inundada periodicamente, solo argilo duro" and describe the corolla color as "azul 10PB6/8" . Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman , Ir- 158 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 2 gang , & Vails ICN.3U23 (Ut-~ 320^58) . PARAGUAY: Fiebrig hU32 (Mu) . URUGUAY: Herter 1058 [Herb. Herter 82656] (Mu) . ARGENTINA: Cordo- ba: Lorentz 113 (Mu — 1572). Corrientes: Cabrera 1173U (Ku)j Schi- nini & Crist6bal 9365 (Ld) . Jujuys Krapovickas , Schinini , & Quar- in 26687 (Ld). Salta: Schreiter 11U66 (Ld) . Santiago del Estero: Luillo h (Ut— 330562B) . VERBENA GRACILIS Desf . Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: U9U & U95. 1853; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc . Biol. 21: 111. 1975j A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 31: Ul5. 1975; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 30: 1U2 (1975) and 3>h: 270. 1976. Henrickson encountered this plant in clay soil of pasture land, growing with Agave , Buddie ia , Ephedra , Mimosa , Opuntia , Yucca , etc., 7/hile Hendricks found it in "weedy yards" and in "sandy bar- ren areas dominated by mesquite and Acacia " . The W. Schumann 1070 collection, cited below, is a mixture with V. canescens H.B.K., while Hendricks 332 is a mixture with a com- posite. The Cabrera 11781; and Herter 1058 [Herb. Herter 82656], distributed as V. gracilis , actually are V. gracilescens (Cham.) Herter, while £. A_. Churchill s.n. [7 April 1972] is V. neomexicana (A. Gray) Small. Additional citations: MEXICO: Burango: Hendricks 332, in part (Ws), U50 (Ws). Federal District: Pringle 6539 (Mu— 1829) . Jalis- co: W. Schumann 1070 , in part (Mu — 3891) . San Luis Potosf : Hen- rickson B.6381 (Ld); Schaffner s.n. [1875-79] (Mu— 1559) . CULTI- VATED: Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. [Hort. bot. Mo nac] (Mu — 12i;5)j Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac 1835] (Mu — 296) . VERBENA GPJSEA Robinson & Greenm. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 239. 1972; Balgooy, Pacif. PI. Areas 3' 2b$ . 1975. VERBENA GYN0BASIS Wedd. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 2U0. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. The Troll collection, cited below, in the Berlin herbarium bears a label indicating that it was collected in Bolivia, while in the Munich herbarium it is inscribed "Chile" . It is not certain which locality is correct, but Bolivia is the more likely. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Troll 3312 (Mu) . VERBENA GYNOBASIS var. STRIGOSA Wedd. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 2U0. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. [to be continued]