1984]ROGERS. ZINGIBERALES THE ZINGIBERALES (CANNACEAE. MARANTACEAE. AND ZINGIBERACEAE) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES' GEORGE K. ROGERS THE ORDER ZIN(IBERAI.ES (Scitamineae. Scitaminales) is clearly delimitedand is universally accepted as a natural group of four to eight families, de-pending on the ranks assigned to some of its chief components. Emphasizinganatomical evidence in addition to morphology, Tomlinson (1962, 1969) ad-vocated recognition of Zingiberaceae, Costaceae (often included in Zingiber-aceae), Marantaceae. Cannaceae. Musaceae, Lowiaceae, Heliconiaceae. andStrelitziaceae (the last three often included in Musaceae). Other recent authorsdiffer as to which of the segregates are chosen for elevation to the rank of family.Zingiberaceae. Cannaceae. and Marantaceae are represented in the southeasternUnited States by a small number of indigenous and introduced species. Transformation of stamens into sterile staminodes is a well-known trendbearing on the interrelationships of the families of Zingiberales. The Musaceae 'Prepared for the Generic Flora of the Southeastern Inited States, a long-term project of the ArnoldArboretum currently made possible through the support of the National Science Foundation undergrants BSR-8111520 to Harvard University (Carroll E. Wood. Jr.. Arnold Arboretum. principalinvestigator) and BSR-8303100 to the University of the State of New York (Norton (. Miller. NewYork Biological Survey, principal investigator). This treatment, prepared under BSR-8 I 11520. is the101st in the series. It follows the format established in the first paper (Jour. Arnold Arb. 29: 296-346. 1958) and continued to the present. The area covered by the Generic Flora includes North andSouth (arolina. Georgia. Florida. Tennessee. Alabama, Mississippi. Arkansas, and Louisiana. Thedescriptions are based primarily on the plants of this area. with information about extraregionalmembers of a family or genus in brackets [ ]. References that I have not verified are marked with anasterisk. Special thanks are due to those who responded to my requests for information on Zingiberales. All of the replies were thoughtful and truly helpful. I am indebted in this connection to Daniel . Austin. the late George N. Avery. (arl W. (ampbell, Robert K. Godfrey. Richard A. Howsard. Walter S. Judd. Julia F. Morton. Ghillean T. Prance, and John W. Thieret. as well as to the additional authorities consulted by some of them. Figure 1 was drawn by Margaret van Montfrans using dis-sections prepared by Carroll Wood from a plant cultivated by Theodore SchultZ. in Boston. Mas-sachusetts. Karen Stoutsenberger. supervised by Kenneth Robertson and Carroll Wood. prepared Figure 2 from a living specimen collected in Florida by (Carroll Wood and cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum in Jamaica Plain. Figures 3 and 4 are also the work of Karen Stoutsenberger, directed by Carroll Wood. Materials for these figures were collected or otherwise provided by Manuel Flores. Robert Godfrey, Richard Howard. Peter Stevens, and (arroll Wood. Stephen Spongberg and ( arroll Wood are thanked for their careful reviews of the manuscript. Elizabeth Schmidt's editorial im-provements are gratefully acknowledged. Barbara Nimblett substantially expedited preparation of the bibliographic entries.President and Fellows of Hvavard College. 1984.ouronu/ of rlie Irnild l.rhwcet'ot 65: 5-55. January. 1984.
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