JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
THE SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM IN URUGUAY,
PARAGUAY AND BRAZIL
IVAN M. JO NSTON
SouTH AXMERICA is evidently an evolutionary center for the Iridaceae
and is probably the place of origin and the center of distribution for
Sisyrinchium; within this genus a great variety of diverse forms has
been developed in that continent. In the present paper I discuss the
species found in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and the low country of
northern and northeastern Argentina. This is a natural region and most
of the species I have treated are confined to it. In a subsequent paper I
shall discuss the species of Argentina and those of southern Chile. No
pretense is made that these treatments are complete or in any way
beyond criticism. Very much more material from the areas must be
studied and the types in Europe must be reexamined before a definitive
monograph of this very difficult genus can be prepared. The South
American species of Sisyrinchium, however, are in great need of imme-
diate study. The published monographs of the genus are incomplete,
vague, and full of obvious errors, and are almost useless for the identifi-
cation of specimens.
The present paper is based on a study of the material from our area
preserved in the Gray Herbarium (G), the U. S. National Herbarium
(US), and the Field Museum in Chicago (FM). Invaluable in my study
of the Brazilian species has been the large sending of specimens, from
the herbarium of the Servico de Botanica e Agronomis of Sao Paulo
(S.B.S.P.), which I received through the courtesy of Mr. F. C. Hoehne.
Of the Uruguayan species I have received many very interesting speci-
mens from Dr. Bernardo Rosengurtt. Dr. Angel L. (abrera kindly sent
me a number of collections of Sisyrinchium from the Argentine.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Filament-tube and lobes glabrous, devoid of hairs or glands; leaf-blades
flattened: corolla vellow.
I eaves all cauline, well developed or more or less reduced and scale-like,
scattered along the stems, the lower ones very reduced and not form-
ing a basal cluster .................. . . 1 . . 'aginatum and allies.
Leaves crowded at the base of the stem, forming a conspicuous cluster,
stem-leaves apparently terminal or none.
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
Filaments completely united into a very slender elongate tube, the
oblong anthers closely proximate; spathes borne on slender
elongate naked peduncles ............... 2. S. megapotamicum.
Filaments united only below the middle, free and diverging above; the
narrow elongate anthers separate, becoming curved or coiled at
maturity; spathes sessile or short pedunculate.
Stems continued as the rhachis of an erect terminal distichous spike;
the outer spathe-valves clasping the stem ; the stem producing no
leaf or leaf-like bract in or just below the inflorescence.
Leaves 1-1.5 mm. broad, margins serrulate ; plant 15-25 cm. tall.
3. S. avenaccum.
Leaves 2-5 mm. broad; plant much coarser, 15-40 cm. tall.
Leaves and stems serrulate on margin; middle of the leaf-blade
devoid of prominent veins, these crowded at the margins;
leaf-margins thin, not thickened ...... 4. S. Rosengurttii.
Leaves and stems with entire margins; prominent veins equally
distributed on the leaf-blade; leaf-margins somewhat thick-
ened and rounded ....................5. S. escrrulatum.
Stems apparently terminated by an erect leafy bract that appears to
be a sterile continuation of the stem; the inflorescence appar-
ently lateral.
Margins of leaves thickened; the stout strongly compressed spicate
cluster of spathes surpassed by the two leaf-like bracts sub-
tending it; outer spathe-valves (from keel to margin) 3-5
mm. broad; stems less than 2 dm. tall, usually surpassed by
the leaves; corolla-lobes ca. 2 cm. long ..... 6. S. nidularc.
Margins of leaves thin, usually scarious; the cluster of spathes
overtopping the leafy bracts or overtopped by only one of
them; outer spathe-valves (keel to margin) ca. 2 mm. broad;
stems 2-10 dnm. or more tall, usually surpassing the leaves.
Plant coarse, stems and leaves 4-15 mm. broad; the epidermis
smooth, without emergences; inflorescence repeatedly
branched, congested or open ........ 7. S. macroccphalum.
Plant slender, stems and leaves 2-6 mm. broad; the epidermis
usually bearing abundant microscopic conic or rounded
emergences; inflorescence of one, or two unequal, rather
regular, dense, erect, distichous spikes, 4-10 cm. long.
8. S. VWttsteinii.
Filament-tube bearing glands (particularly near the base) or hairs or both.
Spathes sessile or subsessile in bracteolate, crowded cymes or glomerules
borne at the base of the stiff erect leaf which terminates the other-
wise naked stem and appears to be its sterile continuation; inflo-
rescence apparently lateral, its branches (when developed) curving.
Blades of the basal leaves (and the bract terminating the stem) dis-
tinctly terete.
Individual spathes 10-15 mm. long; Paraguay and Matto Grosso.
Leaf-blades 5-14 cm. long; leaf-sheathes ciliolate..9. S. Ficbrigii.
19381


.JO11HNAL OF THE ARNOLD A:RHBIO{IT' I .1 I
Iv OL. xIX
Leaf -bla es very inconspicuous, acicular, ().3-1 mn. loin;; leaf-
sheathes not ciliolate ...................... . .S'. srbniiuliinrm.
Individual spathes ( 10 nin. lon ; 11'ru u1av, and eastern BIrazil.
Valves of spathes and the subtending bracteoles acute, lanccolate.
with narrow (0.2-0.5 inmi. wide) scarious margins whicl are
narro'wed towards the apex ; Patrana: to Iinas (i eraes.
S11. S'. . zc iiia.
\Valve of spathes and thlle subtendingl bracteoles obtuse or reusc,
ob)long to elliptic, with a very wide (0.8-1.5 nun.) scarious
miar;in whliclh continues broad and conspicuous to (otr even
beyondc ) the tip of the valve or bract1ol: 1.'r;gua 1to
I'aran l ......... ......... ............ .1 . s. .sfc ri su iii.
Blades of baaal leaves (and thie bract term- inating tle lstenl ) no1 terete,
compressed, linear elnsi lton.
Staniinal tube clothed its \whole length with aundlant, more or less
rellexed, elongate vellow hair's. not glandlulif erous.
Leaves 2-3 nim. broad; stems usually ancipitous : Paraguay.
13. S. /!as.deriar'.in.
ILeaves 1-2 nisn. broad ; stems terete: eastern Brazil.
14. . I11,o hinei.
SLtanlinal tuble witlhout vellow hairs or these borne onlv near the
summnit, glanduli tferou especially near the base.
Basal leaves usually e(qualing or even surpassing the conspicuously
winged stem: the leafy bract subtending thle spathtls very
elongate and conspicuou. : spatlhe-valves lanceolate, acute,
with narrow scarious margins..........I . 15 . S..' ll'c/ wiiivuniu .
BIasal leaves usually much shorter than the terete or inconspicu-
ously ancipitous stenms: tlie leafy bract subtending tlhe spathtes
shlorl and not conspicuous : spathe valves lance-oliintg , obltus-
islh. \vili broad cmonspicuous scarious margins.
Plant about 3 dll. tall; leaves about 3 nn., broad.
16. 5 S. fasi';'lou' ),'.
P'lant 1-2 dnm. tall; leaves 0.5-? 1i 1. broad.
L.eaves 1 2 .'int. broad; spathes 12-15 nnm. long; plant lnot
darkened in drying ................. 17. O. ()st'enian!!n.
l.eaves 0.5-0.8 1111. broad: spathes o0 nin1. long; plants
l)ecom ing dark in drying. .............. 1 . S. ( 'lani/a'.
Spatles on evident naked peduncles, terminal on tlhe stemn or its branches:
stemns usually leaf-bearing; andl dichlotonous : uppernmost leaf rarely
(except in no . 21 and 22) much simulating a sterile continuationl
of the main sten.
Filaments united for only 1.3 to -', of their length, tlhe tube inflated
towards the base, flask-shaped, the free tips of thlie filamencts evi-
dent, ascending: plants weedy annuals.
(Corolla small, less llthan 10) (usually ca. O) mmu. long, usually yellow-
ish : spathe-valves very unequal, thle outer one 1much surpas ing


JOIINSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
the inner ; fruiting pedicels not surpassing the shorter valve and
usually surpassed by it; ovary glabrous; plant usually darkened
in drying; a tropical species extending into the temperate zone.
19. S. iiicranf i mn.
Corolla large, 10-15 nmm. long, white or bluish; spathe-valves sub-
equal; fruiting pedicels as long as the valves or distinctly sur-
passing them; ovary frequently glandular puberulent; plant not
becoming dark in drying; Chile and Argentina north to Para-
guay and Brazil ............. . .. ..........20. . 0 S.la.r im.
Filaments completely united or nearly so, the tube cylindric or only
swollen (except in no. 26) below the middle.
Papery bracts inside the spathe protruding beyond the valves at
maturity; inner valve distinctly longer than the outer, obtusish,
very broad with conspicuous scarious margins : spathes 5-8 mnm.
long: peduncles usually densely clustered and varying conspicu-
ously in length.
I.eaves capillary, 0.2-0.5 nnm. wide ; Paraguay....21. 2S. piliferum.
Leaves linear, 0.7-2 mm. wide; Brazil......22. S. conmlufatuon.
Papery bracts inside the spathe remaining short and completely hid-
den; inner valve weakly if at all surpassing the outer, elongate.
with narrow scarious margins; spathe (except in no. 25) 10-15
min. long or more spathes usually not densely clustered nor con-
spicuously unequal.
Corolla 2.5-6 mm. long; plants small, slender, less than 15 cm.
tall; roots very slender, fibrous, apparently annual.
Staminal tube ellw-vllvillous from base to top, glands incon-
spicuous or absent: leaves capillary, ca. 0.1 mm. thick;
stems naked, scapose; plant spreading by very slender
elongate subterranean rhizomes.........23. S. setaccum.
Staiinal tube with stipitate glands near the base, otherwise
glabrous except for a few hairs occasionally produced near
the apex ; stems bearing one or more leaves; leaves flat-
tened, linear, 0.5-1.7 min. broad; rhizomes absent.
Capsule obovoid or ellipsoid, distinctly elongate, becoming
verrucose at maturity from the pressure of the swelling
seed within; spathes with spathe-valves unequal, the
outer twice the length of the inner and usually surpassing
the fruiting pedicels; stems becoming repeatedly
branched, producing many cauline leaves and many
spathes, commonly 1-2 di. long; plant usually darkened
in drying.............................. 24. S. m inus.
Capsules globose or ellipsoid-globose, not becoming distinctly
verrucose; spathes with subequal valves which are usu-
ally surpassed by the fruiting pedicels: stems usually
simnple and producing only a single cauline leaf and a
single (apparently terminal) spathe, commonly less than
9 cm. long; plant usually not darkening in drying.
25, S. S minutfflorum.
19381


JOURNAL OF TIE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
Corolla 7-13 mm. long; plants coarser and larger, 15-75 cm. tall,
usually with coarse roots which are frequently more or less
fleshy and perennial.
Corolla purplish to nearly white ............ . . 26. S. platcnsc.
Corolla yellow.
Ovary and pedicels glandular puberulent; capsule subglobose,
2.5-5 rnm. long; roots more or less fleshy and frequently
conspicuously thickened; perennial..27. S. pacl hrhiuo m.
Ovary and pedicels glabrous; capsule rather large. 6--8 mm.
lont, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid; roots fibrous, slender,
possibly annual....................... . 8. 2 . .foliosit.
1. Sisyrinchium vaginatum and allies.
S. VAGINATUM Spreng. Svst. 1:166 (1825). - Montevideo, Sellow.
S. RESTIOIDES Spreng. Syst. 1: 166 (1825). - Montevideo, Sellow.
S. MARCHio (Veil.) Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 2:596 (1841). Souza
Marchio. Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 273 (1825) and Icones 7: tab. 1
(1827). - State of Rio Janeiro.
S. SULCATUM Gillies ex Hook. Icones 3: tab. 218 (1840). -- Maldonado,
Uruguay. Gillies.
S. ALATUM Hook. Icones 3: tab. 219 (1840). - Demerara, Brazil and
Uruguay.
S. INCURVATUM Gardner ex Hook. Icones 6: tab. 513 (1843). - Organ
Mts., Gardner 5890.
S. GLAZIOVII Baker, Jour. Bot. 14: 268 (1876), and Handb. Irid. 129
(1892). -- Rio Janeiro, Glaziou 6732.
S. W\.IRI Baker, Jour. Bot. 14:268 (1876), and Handb. Irid. 130
(1892). - Southern Brazil, lWeir 372.
S. MANDONI Baker, Jour. Bot. 14: 269 (1876), and Handb. Irid. 130
(1892). - Bolivia, Mandon 1217.
S. BALANSAE Baker, Handb. Irid. 133 (1892).- Paraguay, Balansa
547 and 54S.
S. PARVIFOLIUM Baker, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 1104 (1903). -- Para-
guay, Ilassler 5938.
S. DISTANTIF.ORUxM Krainzlin, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 240 (1908). -- Paraguay,
Fiebrig 248 and IIassler 2121, Bolivia, Fiebrig 3302.
S. ALATUM var. MINOR Rushy, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Garden 6:493 (1910).
Northern Bolivia, Williams 114.
The names listed belong to a very natural group of plants containing
an undetermined number of critical species. A consideration of this
difficult complex is being reserved for a subsequent paper. The treat-
ments of the group, by Klatt, Linnaea 31: 77-80, 374-5 (1861-2) and
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
in Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 537-39 (1871), and Baker, Handb. Irid.
129-30 (1892), are not satisfactory.
2. Sisyrinchium megapotamicum Malme, Ark. Bot. 269, 9:16
(1935).
S. gracile Klotzsch ex Baker, Jour. Bot. 14: 268 (1876), Handb. Irid. 123
(1892), not S. gracile Phil. (1858).
BRAZIL: Curityba, Parana, 1928, Hoehne, S.B.S.P. no. 23053 (G);
Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 1892, Lindman 333 (G). ARGENTINA:
El Socorro, Buenos Aires, 1926, Parodi 7388 in pt. (G).
The species is based upon Scllow 3863, from southern Brazil. In gross
habit the plant much resembles forms of S. pachyrhizum. From that
plant, however, S. megapotamicum is quickly distinguished by having
the staminal tube glabrous and glandless, the anthers larger and more
elongate, the base of the stem more fibrous, and the roots very much
more slender and not at all fleshy. The species is a very distinct one.
3. Sisyrinchium avenaceum Klatt, Linnaea 31:373 (1862), and in
Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 537 (1871).
S. monostachyum Baker, Jour. Bot. 14:268 (1876), and Handb. Irid. 132
(1892).
S. aurantiacum Griseb. Abhandl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24: 327 (1879).
S. Clarazii Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21: 235 (1884).
URUGUAY: Agronomia, Paysandfi, 1937, Rosengurtt B. 2193 (G).
ARGENTINA: Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, Sept. 1877, Lorentz
(G); Alto de Lucero, Tandil, Buenos Aires, 1937, Troncosa 1250 (G);
Cerros y Laguna de Puan, 1928, Scala 1086 and 1087 (G).
I have seen a photograph of Sellow 2849, the type of S. avenaceum.
It consists of one plant, showing basal leaves and flowering stems, about
2.5 dm. tall, one or two detached flowering stems of the same, and a very
coarse tuft of leaves. The coarse leaves, at least 8 dm. long and 2-3 mm.
broad, belong to an unrecognized species. The flowering plant and the
detached flowering stems are a close match for the material, collected at
Concepcion de Uruguay by Lorentz, which Grisebach described as S.
aurantiacum.
4. Sisyrinchium Rosengurttii, sp. nov.
Planta perennis 1.5-4 dm. alta; radicibus fasciculatis crassiusculis;
foliis basalibus 5-25 cm. longis, 2.5-5 mm. latis, margine serrulatis;
nervis marginem versus laminae congestis 1-2, alibi haud conspicuis:
caule ancipite 1.5-3 mm. lato, quam foliis subduplo longiore, margine
serrulato; inflorescentia spicata terminali simplici 3-5 cm. longa, rhachi
eius recta productionem caulis formante; spathis sessilibus distichis 2-5;
1938]


J)1 INAL . OF 111THE AN\().I) A1B()tOETlIt
valva exteriore carinata rhachim amplectente 1.5 2 cm. longa glumacea
praesertim marginem versus prurpurscente, apice plus minusve producta
et herbacea (apice valvae infimae 0.5 5 cm. longo. ceterae breviore;
valvis intimis angustis scariosis (1;am exterioribus paullo brevioribus;
tepalis flavis 1 cm. longis 3 mm. latis 7-nervatis glaberrimis apice acutis
apiculatis; filamentis glaberrimis 2.5-3 mm. longis, infra medium in
tubum connatis, supra medium liberis ascendenti)ius; antheris annustis
elongatis 2-2.3 mm. longis maturitate plus minusve curvatis vel spiralis:
ovario ovoideo glalberrimo; capsula subglobosa 3 4 nmm. crassa 4 5 mm.
onga.
I' RciUAT\ : Sierra Animas, Maldonado, rocky places, 11. yellow, Oct.
11, 1932, Os.t�n 22692 (TYPF, Gray Herb.); Sierra Animas, rocky slope,
Nov. 5, 1931, Ostcn 22303 (I M ); Est. I'alleros, Rio Negro. Cerro ].argo.
)Dec. 1937, rx Rosnngurtt PE. 1509 (G(;) Est. Santa E'lvira, Cerro ('olo-
rado, IFlorida, Nov. 1936. cx Roscnguii rtt PE. 272 (G).
This species is evidently related to S. artnacfcHUi,, tbut differs from it in
being larger and coarser in all its parts and in having a geographic range
to the east of that species.
5. Sisyrinchium eserrulatum, sp. nov.
P'lanta ca. 3 dm. alia: radicilus ignotis; foliis basalibus 15-20 cm.
loniis 3 i5 mn1. latis planis, llmairine inteitrrimis parce incrassatis:
nervis conspicuis saeie 5 regulariter (ca. 0.9 mm. distante) dispositis:
caule ancipite 2 mm. lato quam foliis hasalilus evidenter longiore;
inllorescentia terminalii sisnlice spicata 4 5 nmm. longa, rhachi eius recta
productienem caulis formante; spatlhis ca. 4 sessilibus distichis 12 15
rmm. longis; valva exteriore carinata ilumacea plus minusve purpura-
scente rhachiim ampilectente: valva spathae infim)ae cun apice ca. 3 rnm.
longo ornata, ceteris acutis: valvis intimis scariosis quam exteriorilus
l)ullo breviorilus; teltalis flavis ca. 10 mm. longis glaberrimis; antheris
anuuste elongatis 2-2.3 mim. longis maturitale curvatis vel spiralilaus:
filamentis glaierrimis ca. 3 mm. longis infra medium in tubum connatis,
supra medium liberis ascendentilbs; ovario glaberrimo obovoideo; cap-
sulis (vix maturis) sulglobosis 5 Iim. crassis.
BRAIlz, : Est. I. Gomez, northwest of Neu Wiirtlemberg, Rio Grande
do Sul, 500 m. alt., Oct. 18, 1904, Bormmimll, r 236 in pt. (TviP :, Gray
Herb.).
IM1uch resembling S. Rosengurttii in general appearance, but readily
distinguished from that Uruguayan species by having the stems and
leaves entire, rather than serrulate, the leaves with slightly thickened,
rather than sharp margins, and the leaf-blades iearing veins, not crowded
I o.l,. xIx


1938] JOHNSTON. SPECIES OF SISYRINCHII M :83
at the margins, but equally distributed across its surface. The tips of
the spathe-valves appear to be less well developed than in its relative.
The type material of S. eserrulatum was mixed with specimens of S.
macrocephalum and determined as "S. iridifolium."
6. Sisyrinchium nidulare (Hand.-Mazz.), comb. nov.
S. palnifolinum var. nidularc Hand.-Mazz. Denkschr. Akad. \Wiss. Wien
79:216 (1908).
BRAZIL: Curityba, Parana, in campo, 1908, Dusen 6815 (G);
Curityba, 1915, Dusen 17185 (G); Pinhaes near Curityba, in campo,
1908, Dusen 7107 (G); Ypirangas, S. Paulo, 1912, Brade 7271, S.B.S.P.
no. 7271 (G); Chapada do Paranan, Minas Geraes, Martius (photo.;
FM).
A very well marked species having a low stature, thickened leaf-
margins, broad, strongly two-ranked spikes with two large bracts, and
very large corollas. The collection by Martius, cited above, is that
referred to S. marginatum by Klatt in Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 540
(1871).
7. Sisyrinchium macrocephalum Graham, Edinb. N. Philos. Journ.
176 (Jan. 1833); Klatt, Linnaea 31:98, 380 (1861-2), and in
Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(i): 542 (1871).
Mlfor'aa alata Vahl, Enum. 2: 154 (1805), not S. alattm t look. (1840).
S. altissinin, Tenore, Atti 3a. Riun. Soc. Bot. Ital. 504 (1841); VWal-
pers, Ann. Bot. Svst. 3: 610 (1852).
.i. (/l/antrllt Tenore, Cat. Orto Hot. Napoli 96 (1845).
S. margillatlm Klatt, Linnaea 31:83, 376 (1861-2) and IIlamburg.
(arten- u. Blumenzeitung 17: 453 (Oct. 1861), and in Martius Fl.
Bras. 3(1): 539 (1871).
S. .qrande Baker, Bull. IHerb. Boiss. II. 3: 1106 (1903).
Uruguay and eastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul to Parana) westward
to Bolivia (Tarija to Cochabamba) and northern Argentina.
BRAZIL: Calmon, Parana, 1910, Dusen 9268 (G); Roca Nova,
Parana, 1909, Dusen 8955 (US); Est. L. Gomez near Neu Wurttemberg,
Rio Grande do Sul, 1904, Bornmiiller 236 in pt. (G). URUGUAY: Barra
del Rio Santa Lucia, San Jose, Osten 21642 (FM) and Rosengurtt
B. 1743 (G); Cerro Colorado, Florida, 1936, Rosengurtt B. 733 (G);
Cerro de las Cuentas, Cerro Largo, 1938, Rosengurtt B. 2544 and
B. 2545 (G); Est. Palleros, Cerro Largo, 1937, ex Rosengurtt PE. 1307
(G); Rio Negro, Parker 853 (G). PARAGUAY: Rio Curuguaty, Hassler
4586 (G); illegible, Jorgensen 4533 and 4538 (US).
Apparently in response to various habitats, this plant varies in stature,
in robustness, and in the size and form of the inflorescence. When well


JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
developed it forms large clumps a meter or more high. The plants are
the largest in the genus. When well developed the cymes are much
forked, open, and nearly a decimeter in length. They may be variously
simplified in branching, or may be shortened and congested into a very
dense subsessile cluster. In some plants the cymes remain unbranched
and form a more or less curving unilateral spike. When this is accom-
panied by a reduction in the number of spathes there may be only one
or a very few spathes sessile at the summit of the stem. There are many
transitions between all these forms of inflorescences. Since the species
is reported from such diverse habitats as swamps, meadows, sand, and
rocky hillsides these variations may well be ecological in origin.
Baker, Handb. Irid. 132 (1892) treats most of the above species as
synonyms of S. palmifolium L. While this may be correct, I feel it is
wise at present to place the Linnaean species among the doubtful ones,
since the type must be reexamined and its precise identity established.
8. Sisyrinchium Wettsteinii Hand.-Mazz. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien
79: 216, fig. 6 (1908).
BRAZIL: Turma 23, Parana, locis subpaludosis in campo, 1914,
Jonsson 1204a (FM); Curityba, Parana, campo subuliginoso, 1908,
Duscn sine no. (US); Alto da Serra, Salo Paulo, 1924, Gchrt, S.B.S.P.
no. 14501 (G).
This species was based upon material collected between Pilar and Alto
da Serra (W'ackct) and on the upper slopes of Itatiaya (lIrctistein &
Schiffncr; fWamwra 480). Handel-Mazzetti stressed the microscopic pro-
tuberances on the epidermis. These do seem to achieve an unusual
development in S. IWettsteinii but they do not always have the maximum
development that Handel-Mazzetti describes. The species is evidently
related to the more southern S. mracrocephalum. Possibly it may be
only a northern variety of that species characterized by a very slender
habit, papillate epidermis, slightly smaller corollas, and a usually more
erect and more simply and trimly organized inflorescence.
9. Sisyrinchium Fiebrigii, sp. nov.
Planta 3 8 dm. alta; radicibus perennibus gracilibus; foliis basalibus;
lamina terete elongata (sed caulem haud superante) e vagina 5 14 cm.
longa anguste scariosa haud ciliolata oriente; caulibus teretibus junci-
formibus apice bracteam 3-9 cm. longam rectam (cum lamina terete
quam parte vaginata 0--3-plo longiore donatam) productioni caulis
similem gerentibus; inflorescentia bracteolata e basi bracteae caulinae
terminalis erumpente ergo per speciem laterale; spathis 1-5 congestis
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
sessilibus vel in ramulo usque ad 5 mm. longo curvato gestis ca. 15 mm.
longis; valvis spathae lanceolatis infra medium 4-5 mm. latis, margine
late scariosis (margine scarioso apicem versus valvae gradatim angus-
tato); tepalis ad 6 mm. longis oblongis 3-nervatis (in sicco purpureis)
apice obtusis apiculatis; filamentis fere ad apicem in tubum ca. 2 mm.
longum connatis, apicibus liberis brevibus haud conspicuis ascendenti-
bus; tubo basi glandulis adundantibus aglutinatis incrassato, alibi pilis
brevibus flavis glanduliferis ornato; antheris latis ca. 0.4 mm. longis;
ovario globoso pilis flavis brevibus glanduliferis vestito; capsula depresse
globosa 4-5 mm. crassa.
PARAGUAY: Cordillera de Altos, Oct. 8, 1902, Ficbrig 220 (TYPE,
Gray Herb.).
Related to S. laterale Baker, a Bolivian species probably having a
synonym in S. pictum Krinzl. The Bolivian species also has elongate
terete leaf-blades. Its spathes are also similar to the species here de-
scribed. Its longer (3-3.5 mm.) staminal tube, however, is shaggy
villous its whole length with slender yellow hairs without glands.
Towards the base of the tube these hairs are most abundant and there
may be intermixed with some subsessile glands. There is no agglutinated
mass of glands at the base of the tube as is found in S. Ficbrigii. The
Bolivian and Paraguayan plants seem to be amply distinct.
10. Sisyrinchium subnudum, sp. nov.
Herba 2-3 dm. alta; radicibus gracilibus perennibus; foliis basalibus;
vaginis 4-7 mm. longis margine ciliolatis apice laminam acicularem
inconspicuam 3-10 mm. longam gerentibus; caulibus junciformibus
teretibus apice bracteam 2-5 cm. longam rectam (saepe cum lamina
terete quam parte vaginata 1-4-plo longiore donatam) productioni caulis
persimilem gerentibus; inflorescentia e basi bracteae caulinae terminalis
erumpente, ergo per speciem laterali; bracteolis conspicuis; spathis 1-3
congestis; valvis subaequalibus 10-12 mm. longis 2.5-4 mm. latis (infra
medium latioribus) margine 0.5-0.9 mm. latis late scariosis, apice sub-
acutis mucronatis; valvis intimis spathae scariosis maturitate conspicuis;
ovario et pedicellis pilis flavescentibus glanduliferis sparse vestitis;
tepalis flavis oblongis 3-nervatis 4-5 mm. longis ca. 1.5 mm. latis, apice
obtusis ca. 0.8-1 mm. longe flagellato-acuminatis; filamentis in tubum
1.7-2.1 mm. longum connatis; tubo basim versus glandulis abundantissi-
mis agglutinatis incrassato, alibi pilis flavis eglanduliferis vestito;
antheris latis ca. 0.5 mm. longis subsessilibus; capsula maturitate ignota,
ut videtur depresse globosa et ca. 3 mm. crassa.
BRAZIL: Corrego dos Moreiras, E.F.N.B., Matto Grosso, Sept. 1914,
1938]


JO IRNAL\ OF THE \RNOLI) ARIBOIIETI M1
Kuhlm/ann, S.B.S.P. no. 103 (G); Capao Bonito, ('nampo Grande, Matto
Grosso, Sept. 6, )36, Archer &( G;ehrt, S.B.S.P. no. 36372 (TYPE, Gray
Herh. ).
ELfidntly related to the Paraguayan S. Ficbrigii, but smaller in all
parts and having non-ciliate leaf-sheaths and only rudimentary leaf-
blades.
11. Sisyrinchium Luzula Klotzsch ex Klatt, Linnaea 31:89, 376
(1862--3) and in Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 542 (1871); Baker,
Ilandb. Irid. 131 (1892).
Bi~ AIL: 'onta Grossa, Parana, campo, 1928, Hochne, S.B.S.P. no.
23226 (G); ('urityba, Parana, 1928, Hochne, S.B.S.P. no. 23133 (G);
('urityba, 1903, wet pIlace, Dusen 2247 (G: US. in pt.): Curitvba, 1908,
campol, Duscn 6021 ( lS); Santo Angelo, Sao Paulo, campo, 1936,
Htochlm' ( ;h irt, S.B.S.P. n. 3656S (G ) ; Butantan, Sao Paulo, Ilochne,
S.1.S.P' . n. 5 (Sa:o Paulo);: piranga, Sati Paulo, campo, 1921,
Brade 5621, S.B.S.P. no. 7269 (G) ; Sao Ignatio, Sllgow c. 321 ( FM,
photto.); Minas (ernes, Regrll 1227 and 1224 ( 'S).
The species was originally based upon the following suite of speci-
mens: 1) Wl'idgrcn 789 from MAinas (eraes: 2) Blunchet 3313;,
3) Sellaw B1325, c320 from S. Antonio da Monte: and 4) Scllow c.)2
from S. Ignatio. l.ater Klatt added other collections, some of which are
certainly referable to S. lochimnri and S. scariosu. All the original si)eci-
mens are iprobably representative of the species as here accepted. In the
past, most of the species with terete stems and leaves and congested
pseuldo-lateral cymes, have at one time o r another, been referred to
S. Lu.ula. The real S. LuiulaI appears to be restricted to eastern Brazil
from Parana to MIinas (eraes or Bahia.
12. Sisyrinchium scariosum, sp. nov.
Herba 1 7 dmi. alta; radicibus gracilibus perennibus; foliis hasalibus:
vaginis 5 10 cm. lolgis saepe ciliolatis, apice plerumque laminam teretem
gracilem gerentibus: laminis vaginarum superioruin non rariter 1-2 dm.
lhngis quamn caule breviorilbus; caulibus junciformibus teretihus apice
bractteam 2-10 cm. lonigam rectam (saepe cum lamina terete quam parte
vaginatta 1 8-po lo n giore donatam) p)roductionii caulis persimilem
gerentibus; inllorescentia congesta e basi bracteae caulinae terminalis
erumptntibus ergi) per speciem laterali; bracte)ilis late scarioso-
marginatis, carina ciliolata; spathis 1 8 sp>iculae lelicae sub-similibus
--10 mm. longis sessilibus et glomeratis vel in ramulo intlorescentiae 1-0
mm. longo curvato gestis; valvis spathae exterioribus quam interioribus
[VOL. XIX


JOINSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCIIll M
evidenter longioribus 4-5 mm. latis; margine valvae latissime scariosa,
apicem versus valvae haud angustata; tepalis trinerviis 5-7 mm. longis
1.8-2.3 mm. latis apice emarginatis flagellatis; filamentis fere ad apicem
apicem in tubum ca. 2 mm. longum connatis, apicibus liberis brevibus;
tubo basim versus glandulis numerosis agglutinatis incrassato, alibi pilis
flavis glanduliferis satis ornato; antheris ca. 0.4 mm. longis; ovario
globoso pilis brevibus flavis glanduliferis ornato; capsula depresse globosa
3-4.5 mm. crassa.
BRAZIL: Curityba, Parana, wet places, 1903, Dusen 2247 in pt. (US);
Neu Wirttemberg, Rio Grande do Sul, 1904, fl. yellow, Bornimuller 381
(G); Santo Amargo, Rio Grande do Sul, 1925, Jiirgens 167 (US); Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 1902, Malme 96 (G, US). URUGUAY:
Arroyo de La Pantanosa, Rocha, wet place, 1938, Rosengurtt B. 2452
(G); Cerro de las Cucutas, Cerro Negro, grassy rocky slopes, 1938,
Rosengurtt B. 2555 (G); Rio Negro y Palleros, Cerro Negro, grassy
slopes, fl. yellow, 1937, Rosengurtt B. 2366 (G): Cerro, Montevideo, 11.
white, 1924, Herter 625-76162 (G, US); Atlantida, Canelones, dunes,
fl. pink, 1930, Osten 22020 (FM); Sierra Animas, Maldonado, grassy
and rocky places, fl. violaceous, Oct. 11, 1932, Osten 22693 (TYPE, Gray
Herb.).
A very well marked species that has been confused with the more
northern S. Luzula. It is readily recognized by having spathes which
are very much more broadly scarious-margined and very much less
pointed. In age the scarious margin becomes weathered and much torn,
and the spathes consequently ragged and not so neat and trim as are
those of S. Luzula.
13. Sisyrinchium Hasslerianum Baker, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 1106
(1903).
PARAGUAY: vicinity of the Rio Capibary, Hassler 4376 (G); Cord.
de Altos, Fiebrig 220 (FM); Villarica, 1930, Jorgensen 4262 (US, FM).
In this species the staminal tube, for its entire length, is covered with
abundant coarse reflexed yellow hairs. The spathes and inflorescences
are very similar to those of S. scariosum.
14. Sisyrinchium Hoehnei, sp. nov.
Planta perennis junciformis 3-9 dm. alta; foliis basalibus longe vagi-
natis; vaginis 5 -10 cm. longis saepe laminiferis; lamina 0-45 cm. longa
lineari compressa, facie 1-1.5 mm. lata 3-4-nervata, margine tenui
integra; caulibus teretibus quam foliis basalibus conspicue longioribus,
apice bracteam 1-6 cm. longam rectam (saepe cum lamina compressa
19381


JOLRNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETIM
ornatam) productioni caulis similem gerentibus; inflorescentia e basi
bracteae caulinae terminalis erumpente glomerata subsessili; ramulis
0-- mm. longis curvatis, bracteolatis; spathis saepe numerosis congestis
5-8 mm. longis stramineis; valvis obtusiusculis mucronatis 2-3.5 mm.
latis conspicue scarioso-marginatis, interiore quam exteriore (ad 2 mm.)
longioribus, intimis scariosis valvis exterioribus aequilongis; bracteolis
navicularibus (carina serrulata) quam valvis spathae evidenter breviori-
bus; ovario globoso saepe pilis brevibus flavis glanduliferis plus minusve
vestitis; tepalis flavis ca. 5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis trinervatis apice acutis
apiculatis; filamentis in tubum ca. 2 mm. longum gracilem pilis flavis
reflexis eglanduliferis abundantibus dense vestitum connatis; antheris
ca. 0.9 mim. longis oblongis subsessilibus; capsula depresse globosa
2.5-3.5 mm. crassa.
BRAZIL: Heitor Legrum, S. Paulo, Sept. 1921, Brade, S.B.S.P. no.
7281 (G); Rio do Peixe, S. Paulo, Edwall, S.B.S.P. no. 12551 (G); Rio
Pardo, S. Paulo, Sept. 1826, Riedel (G); Curityba, Paranai, Oct. 1908,
Duscn 6788 (US); Curityba, Oct. 1914, Dusen 15627 (US); Curityba,
11. yellow, Oct. 1928, Hoehne, S.B.S.P. no. 23057 (TYPE, Gray Herb.).
Evidently a Brazilian relative of the Paraguayan endemic, S. Hasslcr-
ianum. It differs from that species in having less well developed leaf-
blades (these shorter, narrower and less numerous), in its slightly shorter
spathe-valves which are much more broadly scarious-margined, and in its
terete rather than narrowly ancipitous stems. A collection of S. Hochnci
from Curityba (Dusen 6788) has the sheathes of the basal leaves lacking
lamina. The bract terminating the stem, however, is prolonged into the
flattened blade characteristic of the species.
15. Sisyrinchium Sellowianum Klatt, Linnaea 31: 375 (1862) and in
Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 539, tab. 70 (1871); Baker, Handb. Irid.
131 (1892).
S". platycaui lc aker, Handb. Irid. 132 (1892).
BRAZIL: Est. L. Gomez, near Neu Wiirttemberg, Rio Grande do Sul,
1904, Bornmillcr 231 (G). PARAGUAY: vicinity of the Rio Alto
Parana, Ficbrig 5434 (G, US).
The type of S. Sellowianum is given as "Brasilia meridionalis, Monte-
video, leg. Sellow no. 1484 et 3922." I suspect that the material was
obtained during Sellow's travels in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The
staminal tube is about 2 mm. long. It is more or less conic or swollen
below the middle and short-cylindric above. The thickened lower
portion is densely glandular or stipitate-glandular, above the indument is
similar but very much less abundant. The anthers, 0.5-0.8 mm. long,
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
are oblong and borne on the short free tips of the otherwise completely
united filaments. These tips are short but evident, and are almost as
long as the anthers. The type of S. platycaule was collected in Paraguay
by Balansa (no. 555). It may possibly be worthy of recognition, but
it is evidently very closely related to S. Sellowianum.
16. Sisyrinchium fasciculatum Klatt, Linnaea 31: 97, 380 (1861-2)
and in Martius Fl. Bras. 3(1): 541 (1871); Baker, Handb. Irid. 131
(1892).
The original description of the species was based upon collections
cited, "Brasilia meridionalis, leg. Sellow, Herb. Reg. Berol. no. 2 et 112."
Later, in the Flora Brasiliensis Klatt cited additional material as follows,
"Habitat in Brasilia australiore, stationibus accuratio haud notatis:
Scllo, Riedel; in prov. Rio Grande do Sul; Gaudichaud." I have seen
no specimens referable to this species. Recently Malme, Ark. Bot. 26A
(3): 18 (1935), has reported two collections of the plant from Rio
Grande do Sul (Lindman 310, 383).
The measurements given by Klatt call for a plant with stems "sub-
pedalis, 1 lin. crassus" and leaves "4-7 poll. longa, 1Y2 lin. lata." These
measurements indicate that his illustration of the species is twice natural
size. Klatt gives the staminal tube as 1 line long and densely glandulose-
pubescent. His illustration of the tube shows it to be narrowly cylindric
and not at all thickened at the base.
17. Sisyrinchium Ostenianum Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve 14:
162, fig. 8 (1922).
URUGUAY: Cerro, dept. Montevideo, Oct. 1926, Herter 907-81163
(US); Rio San Jose, F. C. Raig6n, dept. San Jose, 1935, Rosengurtt
B. 1818 (G).
The type was collected by Osten (no. 4306) in 1901, near Molles,
dept. Durazno, Uruguay. Beauverd did not mention the androecium in
his description. Herter's collection, above cited, is slightly immature and
has no flowers. Rosengurtt's collection is in prime condition, having
both flowers and fruit. The staminal tube is almost 2 mm. long. The
lower quarter is covered with agglutinated glands and is distinctly thick-
ened. Near the summit, beneath the short crowded anthers, the tube
bears a dense conspicuous mass of eglanduliferous reflexed yellow hairs.
Between this apical mass of yellow hairs, and the basal glandular area,
the tube is practically naked and glabrous.
18. Sisyrinchium Claritae Herter, Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 5: 27 (1937).
Herba 8-13 cm. alta; radicibus gracilibus ut videtur perennibus; foliis
19381


J()It NAL. OF THE ARNOLD) ARBORETI'1
basalibus rigidis gracillimis angustissimis linearibus quam caule evidenter
brevioribus 5 9 cm. longis 0.4-0.8 mm. latis compressis in facie 2--3-
nervatis; caulilus gracillimis rectis subteretibus vix ancipitibus ca.
0.4-0.8 mm. crassis 7-12 cm. longis usque ad apicem nudis, apice
bracteam 5-10 (ranter usque ad 20) mm. longam rectam productioni
caulis similem gerentibus; inflorescentia e basi bracteae caulinae termi-
nalis erumpentibus ergo per speciem laterali bracteolata: spathis 1 4
sessilibus congestis 6-9 mm. longis; valvis 3-4 mm. latis apice obtusis
margine 0.5-1 mm. late scariosis: valva interiore quam exteriore paullo
longiore; bracteis intimis spathae scariosis valvis aequilongis; pedicellis
et ovario subgloboso sparse llavescenteque glandulifero-villosulis; tepalis
ca 5 mm. longis elongatis ca. 1.5 mm. latis trinerviis acuminatis "tiavis"
filamentis omnino connatis ca. 2 mm. longis: tubo filamentorum h)asim
versus evidenter ampliato ad 1 mm. crasso dense glandulifero, deinde
abrupte contracto sursum anguste cylindraceo ca. 0.3 mm. crasso, apice'm
versus pilis flavis rellexis eglanduliferis gerente, alibi subglabro; antheris
ol)ongis ad 1 mm. longis subsessilibus; capsula subglobosa 2.5 3 mm.
crassa.
IxRA(z.: Quinta, near Rio (rande do Sul, 1892, Lindman SI9 ((;,
I'S). l'r~i,;r\xv: Santa Teresa, Rocha, Nov. 1931, Ilrrtcr 1525 87667
((, I'S).
The species was based upon material collected by Herter at Santa
Teresa, dept. Rocha, (no. 87667) and near Arequita, dept. Lavalleja
(no. 1525a 81255)., . ruguay. It is evidently related to S. (sltrnianum.
The staminal structures in the two species are very similar. The species,
however, differ conspicuously in gross habit. The present one is a very
much more slender plant than S. Ostcnianum, and is smaller in all of its
parts. It becomes darkened in Idrving; its relative does not. Malrne,
Bot. Ark. 26A(9): 18 (1935), has recently reported the Brazilian
collection, cited above, as representing S. Osftnianum. The new descrip-
tion, provided above, covers many of the important details of structure
not mentioned in the original description of the species.
19. Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. I)iss. 2: 345, tab. 191, fig. 2
(1788).
s.. iridifolitt m IH 1K. Nov. (;en. 1: 324 ( 181 ).
.. scabrum Scllcc ht. & Chamn. linnaea 6: 57 ( 1831 ).
Ranging from northwestern Argentina and southern Brazil, north-
ward to Venezuela, Colombia and central America.
BRAZI.: Gavia, Rio Janeiro, 1868, (;laziou 3129 (US, FIM): betw.
Petropolis and Raiz da serra, Rio Janeiro, 1928, Smith 1313 (G);
I\o01. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIIUM
Campinas, S. Paulo, Novaes 1193 (US); Serra da Cantareira, S. Paulo,
Loefgren & Edwall 3284, in pt. (G); Ubaruba, Parana 1929, Hochne,
S.B.S.P. no. 24325 (G); Blumenau, S. Catharina, 1888, Ule 982 (US);
Velha, S. Catharina, 1888, Ule 981 (US); Neu Wirttemberg, Rio Grande
do Sul, 1904, Bornmiiller 245 (G). ARGENTINA: Delta, Rio Carabelas
across from Tibur6n, Buenos Aires, Nov. 1925, Scala (G); El Candado,
Catamarca, 1907, Jorgensen 1219 in pt. (US); dept. Famailla, Tucuman,
Venturi 407, 1024 and 1417 (G, US); dept. Leales, Tucuman, Venturi
1330 (US); dept. Tafi, Tucuman, Venturi 3933, 3937, 3940, and 6005
(G, US). PARAGUAY: Villarica, 1929, Jorgensen 3873 (US); Asuncion,
Morong 63 (G).
This slender weedy annual, which commonly darkens in drying, is
well illustrated, as S. micranthum, in the Botanical Magazine, 47: tab.
2116 (1830). Klatt seems to have placed plants of this species chiefly
under S. scabrum and S. micranthum. As far as can be determined
Baker seems generally to have used the name S. micranthum in the
correct sense. Most of the recent collections from northern South
America have been determined as S. iridifolium.
20. Sisyrinchium laxum Otto ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 49: tab. 2312
(1822); Link ex Sprengel, Syst. 1:167 (1825).
.S. g('lniculatumI Herbert, London Jour. Bot. 1: 538 (1842), nomen.
S. uiifllorum ( ay ex Phil. Linnaea 29: 631 (1857).
? S. tecarcci Phil. Linnaea 33: 251 (1864-5).
S. r'aldinianum, Phil. Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 616 (1895).
S. Metac I-erter, Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 5:28 (1937).
BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Serra da Caparao, 1929, Mexia
4028 (G, US, FM). Rio Janeiro: Serro Frio, 1886, Glaziou
16399 (FM); Theresopolis, 1872, Glaziou 6451 (US, FM); Tejuca,
Gardner 217 (US). S a o Paul o : Butantan, 1917, Hoehne,
S.B.S.P. no. 769 (G): Mogy das Cruses, 1912, Brade 5618, S.B.S.P. no.
7270 (G); Rio Grande, 1892, Edwall 1967, S.B.S.P. no. 12518 (G);
Santo Amaro, 1913, Brade 7220, S.B.S.P. no. 7286 (G); S. Francisco
dos Campos, 1896, Loefgren 3584, S.B.S.P. no. 12511 (G): Serra da
Cantareira, 1895, Loefgren & Eswall 3284, S.B.S.P. no. 12522 (G).
P a r a n : Rio Negro, 1928, Hoehne, S.B.S.P. no. 23138 (G);
Ponta Grossa, 1928, Hoehne, S.B.S.P. no. 23241 (G); Tibagy, 1935,
Reiss 168 (G); Pinhaes, 1908, Dusen 7109 (G); Serrinha, 1914, Dusen
1083a (US); Turma 23, 1914, Dusen 1336a (US); R i o G r a n d e
do Sul : Salto Alegre near Neu Wiirttemberg, 1904, Bornmuller
304 (G); Porto Alegre, 1921, Lindman 385 (G); Viamo near Porto
Alegre, 1936, Archer 4327 (G). URUGUAY: Riachuelo, Colonia, 1936,
19381


JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
Cabrera 3927 (FM); Mercedes, Soriano, 1936-37, ex Rosengurtt PE.
59 and 172 (G); Rio Yi y Arroyo Marincho, Flores, 1936, ex Rosengurtt.
PE. 452 (G); Cerro Colorado, Florida, 1936, ex Rosengurtt PE. 208,
334 and 375 (G); Santa Lucia, Canelones, 1884, Safford 115 (US);
(ayago, Montevideo, 1934, Roscngurtt B. 1722 (G); Cerro, Monte-
video, Herter 143-79608, 144-79607, 146 79426 and 146a 79662 (G):
Punta Yeguas, Montevideo, 1926, IIrtcr 448 81394 (G); Rio Negro,
Cerro Largo, 1937, ex Rosengurtt PE. 1367, 1429, 1789, 1881, 2040 and
2095 ((G); Cabo Santa Maria, Roca, 1938, Rosengurtt B. 2472 (G).
PARAGUAY: Cord. de Altos, 1902, Ficbrig 253 (FM); Itape, 1931.
Jorgensen 4538 (US, FM). ARGENTINA: Tilcara, Jujuy, 1927, Vrnturi
4886 (G); El Duraznito, Tucuman, 1921, Vcnturi 1561 (US); prov.
Cordoba, Lossen 1141 (G); Yapeyu, Corrientes, 1936, Parodi 12658
(G); Isla Santiago, Buenos Aires, Cabrera 2000 and 3417 (G); Avella-
neda, Buenos Aires, 1925, Parodi 6716 ((); Elizalde, Buenos Aires,
1930, Cabrera 1527 (G); Mouth of Rio Negro, Wilkes Expcd. (G):
Bariloche, Rio Negro, 1934, Parodi 11463 (G); Corcovado, Chubut,
1901,11 /in 43 (G).
Of this weedy annual I have cited all the material which I have exam-
ined from Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay; I have not listed
the material from Chile. The species is not known from other South
American countries, but occurs as an adventive species in Europe. Klatt
and Baker seem to have referred this widely distributed, generally tem-
perate plant, to S. iridifolium, but that name undoubtedly belongs in the
synonymy of S. micranthum Cav. Illustrations of the present plant, all
as "iridifolium," may be found in the following works, Herbert, Bot. Reg.
8: tab. 646 (1822); Lodd. Bot. Cab. 20: tab. 1979 (1833) and Bett-
freund, Fl. Argent. 3:217 (1901).
In my key I have given the characters which usually serve to dis-
tinguish S. laxum from its close relative, S. micranthum. Individually
these characters are not always decisive, though collectively they will
usually distinguish the northern and tropical S. micranthum from the
more southern and temperate, S. laxum. There are plants which present
embarrassing combinations of characters, but it will be noted that most
of these come from northern Argentina and southern Brazil where the
ranges of these two species overlap and hence in the very region where
hybridization might be expected. Of these two related species, S. laxum
is the most variable.
21. Sisyrinchium piliferum Klatt, Abhand. Naturf. Ges. Halle 12:
379 (1882); Baker, Handb. Irid. 123 (1892).
S. capillare Baker, Bull. lierb. BL iss. 11. 3: 11(6 (1902).
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
PARAGUAY: Rio Curuguaty, Hassler 4588 (G, FM); Cord. de Altos,
Fiebrig 161 (G); betw. Rio Apa and Rio Aquidaban, Fiebrig 4677 (G);
Ititimi, Balansa 533 (FM, photo.); Hiati, Jorgensen 4260 (US, FM);
Villarica, Jorgensen 3771a (US).
A species closely related to the Brazilian S. commutatum but smaller
and more slender, having almost capillary leaves and stems. Klatt
founded his species on Balansa 553 from Paraguay and described its
leaves as being "radicalibus e vagina lata et longa piliferi-teretibus cus-
pidatis." Baker, apparently translating Klatt's description, erroneously
described the leaves as "thread-like fine-pilose." The leaves are in fact
actually capillary, slightly compressed, and glabrous.
22. Sisyrinchium commutatum Klatt, Hamburg. Garten- u. Blumen-
zeitung 16: 164 (April, 1860).
S. secundiflorum Klatt, Linnaea 31:91, 377 (1861-2), and in Martius
Fl. Bras. 3(1): 541, tab. 71, fig. 2 (1871); Baker, Handb. Irid. 123
(1892).
BRAZIL: Caldas, Minas Geraes, 1862, Herchen I. 444 (US); Minas
Geraes, 1845, Widgren (US); Itatiaya, Ginzberger 266 and 267 (FM);
Campinas, S. Paulo, Novas 1192 (US); Corrego Alegre, S. Paulo, Loef-
gren 3585, S.B.S.P. no. 12519 (G); Santa Anna, S. Paulo, Usteri, S.B.S.P.
no. 12514 (G); Itui, S. Paulo, Russel 70, S.B.S.P. no. 18686 (G);
Ypiranga, S. Paulo, Luederwaldt 286, S.B.S.P. no. 12509 (G);
Itapetiininga, S. Paulo, Loefgren 344, S.B.S.P. no. 12510 (G); Mo6ca,
S. Paulo, Brade 5623 and 5966, S.B.S.P. nos. 7266 and 7267 (G);
Atibaia, S. Paulo, Duarte 129, S.B.S.P. no. 12507 (G); Butantan, S.
Paulo, Hoehne, S.B.S.P. no. 549 (G); Ave. Paulista, S. Paulo, Usteri,
S.B.S.P. no. 12508 (G). Jaguariahyna, Parana, 1911, Dusen 13266
(US); Tibagny, Parana, Reiss 164 (G, FM).
The plant illustrated in the Flora Brasiliensis has a poorly developed
inflorescence. The inflorescence may become compounded with branches
as much as one decimeter long. The peduncles are usually 1-2 (rarely
even 5) cm. long and are rather unequally developed in each cluster.
The staminal tube is densely glandular towards the base. Towards the
apex the tube may bear some reflexed hairs, or may be almost glabrous.
A year before Klatt published his well known revision of Sisyrinchium,
in volume 31 of Linnaea (1861), he had published a much less critical
review of the genus in the Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung 16:
159-169 (1860). In this earlier work Klatt proposed a single new
species, S. commutatum, basing it upon material from Minas Geraes col-
lected by Regnell (no. 444) and Widgren (no. 788). This species, how-
19381


J() URNA L OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETI M\
ever, was ignored in his monograph published the next year and was
there replaced by S. secundiflorum. He based that latter name upon the
same two collections from Minas (eraes supplemented by a collection of
Sellow, no. 101, (cited,- "a S. Paula ad meridiam") which he had
recently examined. The two species, S. commutatum and S. sccundi-
florum are practically identical. The former name, being at least a year
older, is the one to be accepted.
23. Sisyrinchium setaceum Klatt, Linnaea 31:85 (1861); and in
Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 540, tab. 71, fig. 1 (1871): Baker, Handb.
Irid. 122 (1892).
BRAZIL: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Malne 60 (G, US);
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Arckhr 4287 (G). ARGENTINA: ('ol. Bon-
pland, Lillicskiild (FM).
This species is well illustrated in the Flora Brasiliensis. It has a small
tuft of very slender capillary leaves and bears the solitary spathes ter-
minal on the erect naked capillary scapose stems. The outer valve
commonly has a slender prolonged tip. 20-30 mm. long. This outer
valve terminates the stem and is the homologue of the leafy bract which
terminates and appears to be a prolongation of the stem in such species
as S. Luzula, S. macroccphalum, S. Sellowinunm, etc. In S. setaccum this
terminal foliar structure clearly functions as the outer spathe-valve. In
the other species mentioned it is a bract that stands beside the cvmose
cluster of spathes.
24. Sisyrinchium minus Engelm. & Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5:
265 (1845); Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 591 (1901).
S. nicrnudiutmii var. minus ( lngel. & Grav) Klatt. Linnaea 31: 09
(1801 ).
S. ctniculutuIm Ilerbert, tHot. Reg. 29: \iccl. 84 ( 1843 ), namein.
URUGUAY: Arrovo Negro, Paysandu, 1937, Roscngurtt B. 2276 (G)
Rio Yi y Arroyo Marincho; Flores, openings in woods near stream, 1936,
Roscngurtt B. 582 (G): Rio Santa Lucia, 25 de Agosto, San Jose, weed
near stream, 1935, Rosengurtt B. 1800 (G). AR(GENTINxA: Delta del
Paranai, Parana Guazu, Buenos Aires, 1914. Scalu 411 ((G): \Avellaneda,
Buenos Aires. 1931, P'arodi 9910 (G); Villa ()rtuzar, Buenos Aires,
adventive, Parodi '964 (G); Baradero, Buentos Aires, Burkart 8532
(FM).
This is a very distinct species which is readily recognized by its slender,
leafy stems, annual root, and its small elongate verrucose capsules. The
plants of Uruguay and Argentina are remarkably similar to those of
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIIUM
Texas. The species was based upon material collected by Lindheimer at
the margin of pools in the prairie west of San Felipe, Texas. Whether
the species is one of those occurring naturally in Texas and in temperate
South America, or whether it is recently adventive in the south, has not
been determined.
25. Sisyrinchium minutiflorum Klatt, Linnaea 31: 71 (1861), and in
Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 536 (1871); Baker, Handb. Irid. 125
(1892).
BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul, 1901, Malme 146 (G). URUGUAY:
Agronomia, Paysandu, 1937, Roscngurtt B. 2216 (G); Cerro, Monte-
video, 1924, Herter 145a-76182 (G); Santa Lucia, Canelones, 1886,
Saford (US).
This species was based upon a collection made by Sellow (no. 2913)
at an undetermined locality in southern Brazil or Uruguay. I have seen
a photograph of the type.
I have seen a specimen of a small annual herb of Brazil which re-
sembles both S. minutifiorum and S. minus. It appears to be related to
both of these species and seems to be undescribed. The specimen was
collected by Dusen (no. 9450, US) near Desiro Ribas, Parana, and has
been determined as S. bogotcnse. The plants from Rio Grande do Sul
mentioned by Malme. Ark. Bot. 26A(3): 16 (1935), under the name
S. iridifolium, probably represents the same species. The plant in ques-
tion has weak stems which become decumbent and root at the nodes, or,
when buried in the soil, act as rhizomes. The capsules and size of leaves
suggest those of S. minutiflorum but the corolla and the spathes (while
smaller and having much less unequal valves) most suggest S. minus.
26. Sisyrinchium platense, sp. nov.
Planta 1.5-7.5 dm. alta perennis; radicibus longiusculis pro planta
crassis; caulibus strictis numerosis rectis vel geniculatis supra medium
dichotome ramosis ancipitibus 1-2 usque ad 3 mm. latis margine non
raro serrulatis; foliis basalibus gramineis 1-2.5 dm. longis 2-4 mm. latis
ensiformibus 7-20-nervatis margine saepe serrulatis; foliis caulinis quam
basalibus brevioribus 1-3 pedunculos spatharum suffulcientibus; spathis
2-10-floris 15-19 mm. longis; pedunculis gracilibus 2-8 cm. longis 0.5-
0.8 mm. latis rectis ascendentibus; valvis spathae lanceolatis stramineis
saepe plus minusve purpurascentibus subaequalibus; pedicellis erectis
gracilibus cum pilis glanduliferis sparse vestitis; ovario pilis glanduliferis
ornato: tepalis violaceis extus puberulentis 5-9-nervatis oblongis ca. 1
cm. longis 2-3.5 mm. latis apice abrupte 1-2 mm. longeque acuminatis;
19381


JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETiUM
filamentis connatis; tubo 1.5-2.5 mm. longo, infra medium plus minusve
evidenter expanso (non rariter ad 1 mm. crasso), e basi usque ad medium
vel paullo supra medium dense glandulifero, alibi glabro vel sparse
glandulifero; antheris ca. 0.5 mm. longis sessilibus; capsulis (plus minus
depresse) globosis 4-5 mm. diametro.
PARAGUAY: Mercedes, Soriano, 1936, ex Rosengurtt PE. 102, 137
and 160 (G); San Jose, 1922, Smith 88 (G); Santa Lucia, Canelones,
Safford (US) and Smith 50 (US); near Montevideo, 1886, Saflord 116
(US); Cerro, Montevideo, 1925, Herter 147-79660 (G); Carretera,
Km. 100, Minas, 1937, Rosengurtt B. 2325 (G); Rio Negro, Est.
Palleros, Cerro Largo, 1937, ex Rosengurtt PE. 1234, 1289, 1294, 1628,
1656, and 1949 (G); Rio Negro y Arroyo Palleros, Cerro Largo, 1936,
Roscngurtt B. 1721 (G). ARGENTINA (dept. Buenos Aires): Banado
de Flores, Nov. 10, 1927, Parodi 8171 (TYPE, Gray Herb.); San Fer-
nando, 1903, Pennington 46 (G); Punta Lara, 1932, Cabrcra 2419 (G);
Tolusa, 1937, Cabrera 3412 (G); between Tolusa and Ensenada, 1930,
Cabrera 1553 (G); Villa Elisa, La Plata, 1935, Burkart 7096 (G); road
to Brandzen, 1937, Rodrigo 1067 (G); Elizade, 1928, Cabrera 462 (G).
This is the coarse, tufted, perennial species with blue or purple flowers
which appears to be common on both sides of the estuary of the La Plata.
It has been mistaken for various species, but most generally seems to
have passed as "S. chilense." The relatives of S. platense are S. chilense,
endemic at low altitudes in central Chile, and S. azureum Phil., dis-
tributed in the high country of northwestern Argentina and adjacent
Chile northward to Peru. The present species, S. platense, has a range
well separated from those of the relatives mentioned and possesses a
differently shaped capsule. The capsule is depressed globose, averaging
distinctly shorter than the obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid ones of S. chilense
and S. azureum. The staminal tube of S. platense is short (1.5-2.5 mm.)
and frequently very stout. It is commonly densely glandular from the
base up to or even beyond the middle. The staminal tube of S. chilense
is 3-4 mm. long and bears agglutinated glands only below the middle
lower two-fifths) and frequently some scattered glands above. In
S. azureum the tube is equally long but it bears only a relative few glands
just above its base. These three plants, S. platense, S. chilense and
S. azureum differ in geographical distribution, in intangibles of habit, in
the staminal tubes, and in the size and shape of the capsules. All three
merit specific recognition.
Under what is described as S. platense there appears to be a recogniz-
able natural assemblage of forms. In Argentina and Uruguay, however,
there seems to be some other forms which are closely related to it and
[VOL. XIX


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
which may possibly represent undescribed varieties or distinct species.
All of these have longer terminal tubes on which the glandular area
occurs well below the middle.
Well to the north of the main range of S. platense occur plants col-
lected by Jorgensen near Guayales, Formosa (no. 2301, G, US), and
near Villarica, Paraguay (no. 3872; US, FM). The former has a
staminal tube 4 mm. long and the latter 2.6-3 mm. long. In gross habit
the plants much suggest the typical plant from the province of Buenos
Aires.
In southern and western Uruguay there is a more marked relative or
form of S. platense. These plants are small, averaging 15 (rarely 20-25)
cm. high and have very narrow leaves, 0.5-1 mm. wide. The stems and
leaves are very densely tufted and the roots are conspicuously thickened.
In these respects it is more suggestive of S. pachyrhizum than S. platense.
The staminal tube is 2-3.7 mm. long, but averages 3-3.5 mm. in length.
The corolla-lobes are mostly less than 1 cm. long and in some of the
collections are given as white or as purplish white. Of this small,
slender-leaved, fleshy rooted, densely tufted, relatively smaller flowered
plant I have seen collections from Agronomia, Paysandli, Rosengurtt
B. 3168 (G); Mercedes, Soriano, ex Rosengurtt PE. 112 (G); Monte-
video, Saflord 117 (US); Cerro, Montevideo, Herter 908-79418 (G);
and Cerro de las Animas, Maldonado, Rosengurtt B. 2432 (G).
Similar to the Uruguayan form just mentioned, but having broader
leaves, larger corollas and a coarser habit, is a plant from the southern
half of the province of Buenos Aires. The few plants having fruit
indicate that it produces capsules 4-6 mm. broad, and hence larger than
those of typical S. platense. I have seen material of this form from near
Monte Veloz, Cabrcra 1898 (G); Los Nogales, Tandil, Pastore 1159
(FM); Cerros al sur de Pigie, Scala 1089 (G); Cerros y Laguna de
Puan, Scala 1088 (G); and Cura-malal grande, Scala 1085 (G).
27. Sisyrinchium pachyrhizum Baker, Jour. Bot. 14: 269 (1876), and
Handb. Irid. 129 (1892).
S. glandulosuma Krinzlin, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 241 (1908).
BRAZIL: without locality, Sellow 3862 (FM, photo.). PARAGUAY:
Cerros de Tobaty, 1900, Hassler 6444 and 6445 (G); Chaco, along the
Rio Paraguay, lat. 23� 25', Rojas 2353 (G); Cord. de Altos, 1902,
Fiebrig 254 (G, FM). ARGENTINA: Queb. del Rio Carapari, Salta,
1937, Cabrcra 4205 (FM); El Puestito, Tucuman, 1928, Venturi 7341
(G, US); Chafiar Poza, Tucuman, 1917, Venturi 437 (G, US); Ri
Timb6, Tucuman, 1923, Venturi 2229 (G, US); C. Pellegrini, Santiago
19381


JOl'UNAL OF THE ARNOLD AIIBOR1RET1
del Estero, 1927, Venturi 5698 (G, US); Fontana, Chaco, 1937, ilcyer
464 (FM); Las Palmas, Chaco, 1897, Jorgensen 2295 (G, US): Santa
Ana. Corrientes, 1934, Parodi 12057 (G): Reconquista, Santa Fe, 1933,
Burkart 5774 (FM); Victoria, Entre Rios, 1937, Burkart 8654 (FM);
Baradero, Buenos Aires, 1937, Burkart 8528 (FMI); Elizalde, Buenos
Aires, Cabrcra 457 and 2841 (G); El Socorro, Buenos Aires, 1920,
Parodi 7388 in )t. (G).
Baker's species was based upon Sellow 3862, from "southern Brazil"
and Krainzlin's species was based on Hassler 2353 from Paraguay. I
suspect that Sellow obtained his type material near the Uruguay River
in western Rio Grande do Sul. Some forms of S. platcnse appear to
simulate S. pachyrhizum. The present species, however, may usually
be recognized by its yellow, slightly smaller (6-9 mm.) corollas, its
longer (2.5-4.5 mm.) more slender staminal tube, its slightly smaller,
frequently stramineous and rarely purplish-tinged spathe-valves, its
more slender leaves, and its more densely tufted growth habit. The roots
may be conspicuously, or only very moderately, thickened and fleshy.
28. Sisyrinchium foliosum, sp. nov.
Hlerba gracilis foliosa 15 35 cm. alta; radicilus fibrosis gracilibus
haud carnosis; foliis gramineis flaccidis basalibus 1 3 dm. longis 1.5-2.5
mm. latis, quam caule saepe sublongioribus: caulibus nudis tantuml
folium terminale elongatum (inflorescentiam suffulcientem) proferenti-
bus alatis 1-2 mm. latis; spathis 2 11 cm. longe pedunculatis ca. 2 cm.
longis 1-5-toris; valvis subaequilongis vel exteriore longiore; ovario
obovoideo glaberrimo spathas satis superante; corolla flava: tepalis
7 -9 mm. longis 2 2.5 mm. latis 5-nervatis apice acutis attenuatis: fila-
mentis connatis; tubo gracili ca. 2.6 mm. longo basim versus glandulis
stipitatis dense obsito, alibi glaberrimo; antheris elongatis 1.2-1.5 mm.
longis sessilibus: capsula late obovoidea 7-8 mm. longa ca. t( mm.
crassa.
BoLIVA: ('ord. de Altos, 1902, Ficbrig 25.3a (FM). ARc(;NTINA:
C'ampo Formosa, Formosa, Oct. 1919, Jorygnsen 2299 (TYPv, Gray
Herb..); Rio del Chamico, dept. Tafi, Tucuman, Sept. 1922, centuri
1901 ((, US); Siambon, dept. Tafi, Tucuman, Nov. 1925, IVnturi
3943 (().
A very well marked species. From S. pach yrthizum, the other yellow-
flowered species of this group found in northern Argentina, it is readily
distinguished by its much weaker, perhaps annual, roots, its glabrous
pedicels and ovary, its larger, longer capsules, and its much more
elongated basal leaves. The species seem to be most closely related to
S. Lechlcri Phil. of southern Chile and Patagonia.
I vol. xNx


JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM
UNRECOGNIZED AND EXCLUDED SPECIES
SISYRINCHIUM BURCHELLII Baker, Handb. Irid. 123 (1892).
Based upon Burchell 5961 from Goyaz. The original description is
inexcusably short and indefinite. The plant is described as having terete
leafless stems 3-6.5 cm. tall, "ending in a single cluster, subtended by a
small lanceolate bract." The spathe is 6 mm. long. The outer valve is
oblong and has a "narrow white margin." This may possibly be a
slender small form of S. Luzula.
SISYRINCIIIUM CONGESTUM Klatt, Linnaea 31: 98, 380 (1861-2), and
in Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 542 (1871); Baker, Handb. Irid. 132
(1892).
Type from southern Brazil, collected by Sellow (no. 2967). Accord-
ing to Klatt Sellow 1196 may also belong here. I have seen no material
that I can associate with Klatt's description. Possibly a form of S.
commutatum or perhaps even of S. Wettsteinii may be represented. This
species has me completely puzzled.
SISYRINCHIUM GILBERTI Kranzlin, Repert. Sp. Nov. 14: 295 (1906).
Based on a specimen from the Rio Tapiraguay, Paraguay, Hassler
4289, and hence on one bearing the same number and data as the type
of S. hirsutum Baker (cf. infra). The plant may be a form of S. Hass-
lerianum Baker or a nearly related species having broader leaves and
stem.
SISYRINCHIUM HIRSUTUM Baker, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 1106 (1905).
Based upon Hassler 4289 from the Rio Tapiraguay, Paraguay. The
data for this collection are the same as for that of the type of S. Gilberti
Krainzlin. The description of S. Gilberti and S. hirsutum differ in many
important details. Possibly this is the result of carelessness in the
preparation of the diagnosis.
SISYRINCIIIUM PALMIFOLIUM L. Mant. 1: 122 (1767).
Moraca palinifolia Thunb. Dis. Moraea 8 (1787).
Marica palmifolia Ker, Hot. Reg. 2: sub tab. 229 (1817).
Glumosina palmifolia Herbert, Bot. Reg. 29: Miscel. 85 (1843).
The original description given by Linnaeus is as follows, - "Palmi-
folium 2. SISYRINCHIUM foliis ensiformibus nervosis. Bermudiana
palmae folio, radice bulbosa. Plum. ic. 35. t. 46 ? Habitat in Brasilia.
D. Arduini. Simillima S. Bermudianae, sed Caulis bipedalis, etiam
anceps. Folia duplo latiora nervis 5 a 6 exstantibus, complicata. Glumae
Floresque numerosi in jasciculum terminalem, vix maiores Bermudianae.
Stylus ultra medium trifidus."
19381


JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETIUM
It is to be noted that Linnaeus cites the plate of Plumier with a ques-
tion mark. This plant is Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urban. Many
authors have considered that the Linnaean name, S. palm ifolium, should
be associated with this Eleutherine. Klatt seems to have completely
ignored the Linnaean binomial in his revision of the Iridaceae. Baker,
Handb. Irid. 132 (1892), resurrected the name, S. palmifolium L., and
applied it to the group of plants I have called S. macrocephalum, S.
nidulare and S. Wettsteinii. This is probably correct, but a reexamina-
tion of the material from Arduino, preserved in the Linnaean Herbarium,
is needed before the precise application of the name can be settled.
Herbert, 1. c., gave a few notes on the floral structure of the Linnaean
type which seem to indicate that Baker properly applied the Linnaean
binomial to the Brazilian group of species mentioned.
SISYRINCHIUM SPICATUM Seubert ex Klatt, Linnaea 31: 377 (1862), and
in Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(1): 541 (1871).
This is Orthrosanthus spicatus (Seubert) Baker.
SISYRINCHIUM TRICHANTHUM Dusen, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro 13:
67 (1903).
The type was collected by I)usen on the margin of the forest at about
2200 m. alt. on Mt. Itatiaya, Brazil. The description suggests a form of
S. Luzula.
SISYRINCHIIUM PUMNILUM Larraiiaga, Escritos 1: 413 (1922).
SISYRINCHIUM RACEMOSUM Larrafiaga, 1. c. 2: 210 (1923).
SISYRINCHIUM LATERIFLORUM Larrafiaga, 1. c. 2: 211 (1923).
SISYRINCHIUM BIFLORUM Larranaga, 1. c. 2: 211 (1923).
SISYRINCHIUM FLEXUOSUM Larrafiaga, 1. c. 2: 211 (1923).
SISYRINCHIUM LANCEOLATUM Larrafaga, 1. c. 2: 211 (1923).
The above six Uruguayan species appear with short, very inadequate
descriptions in the recently exhumed botanical works of Larrafiaga.
They should be discarded, since they never can be identified with
precision. Any attempt to accept them can lead only to confusion and
uncertainty in nomenclature.
SIsvRINCHIUM AUREUM Vellozo, Icon. 9: tab. 69 (1827) and Fl. Flum.
ed. 2,375 (1881).
SISYRINCHIUM COERULEUM Vellozo, Icon. 9: tab. 66 (1827) and Fl.
Flum. ed. 2, 374 (1881).
SISYRINCHIUM COMES (Vell.) Steudel, Nomencl. ed. 2, 2: 596 (1841).
Souza Comes Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 273 (1825) and Icon. 7: tab. 2
(1827).
[vol.. XIX


19381 JOHNSTON, SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM 401
SISYRINCHIUM CRENATUM Vellozo, Icon. 9: tab. 67 (1827) and Fl. Flum.
ed. 2, 375 (1881).
SISYRINCHIUM FLUMINENSE Vellozo, Icon. 9: tab. 68 (1827) and Fl.
Flum. ed. 2,375 (1881).
SISYRINCHIUM PROREGIA (Vell.) Steudel, Nomencl. ed. 2, 2: 596 (1841).
Souza Proregia Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 274 (1825) and Icon. 7: tab. 3
(1827).
The above names apply to plants from the environs of Rio Janeiro or
from beyond the coastal mountains in the state of Rio Janeiro. Most of
the plants seem to be members of the Iridaceae, but none of them appear
to belong to Sisyrinchium.
ARNOLD ARBORETUM,
HARVARD UNIVERSITY.