On new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Ileterocera. 61 
Samus complicates, n. sp. 
(PI. V. fig. 27.) 
I would propose this name for the spicule of a sponge of 
another species of Samus, of which there are several speci- 
mens in my mountings of the dust from the root-bunch of 
Euplectella cucumer found in the deep sea about the Seychelle 
Islands, on account of its extremely complicated form, pre- 
senting under the microscope one of the most beautiful objects 
of the kind that I have ever seen. It consists of four arms, 
three of which form a kind of tripod to the fourth, which is 
erect, and all thrice divided again to their extremities (there 
is no shaft) ; so that it defies all attempts at delineation, from 
the complicated state of the branches and the impossibility, 
from the dimensions of the object, of getting the whole 
into focus at the same time ; hence the illustration (PI. V. 
fig. 27) must be regarded as a diagram. There is no doubt 
of its belonging to a Samus, of which there are probably many 
more species yet to be discovered ; indeed the representations 
given by Dr. Bowerbank, which appear to be similarly qua- 
driradiate (B. S. vol. i. pi. x. figs. 235, 236), also seem to be 
those of spicules belonging to species of the same genus. 
Here I would add that, however much Samus and Pachas- 
trella may be allied to each other in spiculation, their habitats 
may be totally different ; and when we come to add Cliona to 
the Eccoelonida, we get a heterogeneous mixture of sponges in 
kind, whatever may be their alliances otherwise ; for Cliona 
celata itself, which infests the oyster-shell, may become, when it 
has destroyed the latter, the free massive Suberite to which 
Dr. Bowerbank has given the name of Rhaphyrus Griffithsii. 
[To be continued.] 
IX. — Descriptions of new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera 
Ileterocera. By Aethue Gr. Butlee, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. 
Tribe Bombycites. 
Saturniidse. 
1. Anthercea loepoides, sp. n. 
Primaries above with the basal third dull lake-red, traversed 
by two irregular saffron-yellow stripes, and with very irregular 
external edge; central area occupied by a very irregular 
gamboge-yellow band enclosing the ocellus, which is dull 
62 Mr. A. G. Butler on new Species of 
lake-red with a vitreous central pupil and brownish margin ; 
an undulated lake-red band bordered on each side by saffron- 
yellow stripes immediately beyond the central band, and 
followed by the external third, which is dull lake-red traversed 
by an ill-defined and interrupted series of bright yellow and 
grey spots ; an apical, costal, whitish cinereous nebula ; fringe 
saffron-yellow towards the external angle : secondaries bright 
gamboge-yellow, paler towards the costal margin ; a lake-red 
patch at basal third of abdominal border, followed by an ab- 
breviated purplish-red band from the same border to the 
ocellus, which it encircles; the ocellus pale cinereous with 
vitreous pupil ; an undulated arched purplish-brown line just 
beyond the middle ; an abbreviated arched discal series of 
lake-red spots, partly connected in the centre and not reaching 
the costa ; an abbreviated submarginal series of blackish 
dots : body laky reddish ; head yellow ; collar, centre of 
thorax, and sides of abdomen pink. Wings below yellow, 
clouded with gravel-yellow ; the ocelli lilacine, with reddish- 
edged vitreous pupils ; a purplish-edged continuous undulated 
discal line ; a submarginal series of slaty grey and purple 
spots partly bordered with yellow ; apical areas sprinkled with 
white scales ; a subbasal sinuated purplish and lake-red line : 
pectus ochraceous, with bright ochreous legs ; abdomen pinky 
greyish. Expanse of wings 3 inches 11 lines. 
Borneo. Type Brit. Mus. 
This pretty little species has unusually acuminated prima- 
ries ; the coloration is much like that of the genus Loepa. 
Lasiocampidae. 
2. Brahmcea rufescens, sp. n. 
Nearest to B. Wallichii, but larger, rather paler in colour, 
with all the wavy black lines on the primaries above more 
slender and consequently wider apart, the central belt con- 
siderably narrower, especially in the centre, with more slender 
black border ; the black spots on the veins fewer in number ; 
the circular nut-like patch which terminates the band on the 
internal area broadly suffused with white, and with only two 
or three black spots upon it ; the broad subapical area half as 
wide again, more uniform in tint, the white crescents upon it 
very indistinct ; subapical black patch trifid ; other submar- 
ginal spots wider, more uniform in tint, united along their 
external (i. e. their basal) margins ; external border greyer, 
more like that of B. conchifera : secondaries with narrower 
basal blackish area, the pale reddish streaks almost as nume- 
rous as in B. Whifei, the pale central band widening towards 
Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. 63 
the costa, the wavy discal lines broader than in any other 
Indian species known to me, the grey nervular streaks slightly 
more prominent than in B. Wallichii; submarginal spots 
forming a confluent wavy belt, the black line which bounds 
it externally very slightly interrupted; external border wider. 
Primaries below with the entire basal area up to the stripe 
which represents the outer margin of the central belt pale 
sandy brown, the inner margin of the central belt feebly indi- 
cated by a dusky curved streak ; the outer stripe bordered 
externally by a white stripe of the same form, the black discal 
lines very slender ; a regularly sinuated black submarginal line, 
reminding one of B. WMtei : secondaries with the basal area 
washed with pale sandy brownish ; a white belt just beyond 
the basal area as in the primaries, the other characters also 
as in the primaries : pectus and base of venter black, remainder 
of venter testaceous, with a blackish streak along each side, 
Expanse of wings 6 inches 11 lines. 
N.E. Bengal. Type coll. F. Moore. 
This handsome moth seems to be in some respects inter- 
mediate between the three known Indian species ; but the pale 
basal area of the under surface of the wings is by itself a 
sufficient character at once to distinguish it from any of 
them. 
Limacodidae. 
3. Scopelodes sericea, sp. n. 
Allied to S. unicolor ; wings and body of the same general 
colour, but the primaries brilliantly sericeous and crossed by 
three or four irregular indented lines, which (when viewed 
obliquely) appear to be the margins of irregular reddish bands ; 
the general colour above is sandy yellow, the wings with a 
rust-red marginal line extending for a short distance into the 
fringe ; fringe of secondaries brilliantly sericeous ; the palpi, 
instead of being black and white as in S. unicolor, are reddish 
orange ; the abdomen is sericeous ochreous, with black caudal 
tuft : the wings below have the costal and apical areas washed 
with blackish, upon which the veins are ochreous ; body as 
above. Expanse of wings 2 inches 1 1 lines. 
Darjiling (Ltdderdale and Sadler). Type B. M. 
4. Parasa pastoratis, sp. n. 
$ . Primaries above with a large basal sandy -yellowish 
patch, crossed close to the base by a zigzag red-brown line ; a 
subbasal arched purplish-brown belt, spotted with green and 
not quite reaching the costal or inner margins ; th,e whole 
64 Mr. A. G. Butler on new Species of 
area between the latter and the external area bright emerald- 
green, forming an irregular belt constricted below the middle ; 
external area limited internally by a sinuous ferruginous line, 
sandy-yellowish or testaceous, traversed by a dentate-sinuate 
submarginal ferruginous line ; fringe brownish : secondaries 
pale stramineous, with pinky brownish fringe : thorax bright 
green, the shoulders and a dorsal streak brown, abdomen tes- 
taceous. Under surface of wings sordid sulphur-yellow, the 
borders slightly tinted with stramineous, fringe brown : pri- 
maries with a ferruginous subcostal diffused streak : body 
testaceous ; anterior coxse and femora ferruginous, tibiee 
banded with purplish brown. Expanse of wings 2 inches 
1 line. 
Bhotan {Lidderdale). Type B. M. 
5. Miresa bracteata, sp. n. 
Primaries with the costal area olive-brown washed with 
lilacine, interno-basal area fulvous internally, gradually sha- 
ding into ferruginous, and lastly into olivaceous towards the 
median vein ; the veins across it indicated by lilacine grey 
scales ; a zigzag metallic silver stripe from the subcostal vein 
near the apex to just beyond the middle of inner margin, the 
inner angle of the zigzag confluent with a large cuneiform 
patch of silver just below the end of the cell ; disk beyond 
the silver stripe olive-green, crossed by pale sericeous veins ; 
external border dark red-brown, densely sprinkled with 
metallic plumbaginous scales ; fringe red-brown : secondaries 
of the male stramineous, slightly washed with dull rose-colour 
in front ; of the female rosy-brownish, with whitish veins and 
external border, stramineous abdominal border, and ochraceous 
fringe : thorax bright chrome-yellow ; antennas and abdomen 
orange-yellow or bright ochreous. Under surface red-brown, 
with the internal areas of the wings and tail (particularly the 
caudal tuft of the male) ochraceous ; legs chrome-yellow. 
Expanse of wings, <£ 1 inch 5 lines, ? 1 inch 7 lines. 
Darjiling {Lidderdale). Type B. M. 
Nycteolidse. 
6. Tyana speculatrix, sp. n. 
Primaries above bright green ; costal margin very slenderly 
lilacine grey ; a bright saffron-yellow basal spot on which are 
two red dots ; base of inner margin snow-white, subbasal por- 
tion of the same margin yellowish, crossed by a dark red 
angular marking ; centre of the wing occupied by an oblique 
patch composed of three circular spots, the first and last stra- 
Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. Go 
mineous with lake-red margins, the central one red sprinkled 
with ochraceous ; fringe yellow at its base, excepting at apex 
(where it is dark red) yellowish externally : secondaries snow- 
white, sericeous : abdominal fringe of the male cream-coloured ; 
front of head and base of antennae rose-pink, vertex of head 
bright yellow ; collar and tegulae bright yellow, margined in 
front with plum-colour ; thorax bright green ; abdomen white 
(cream-coloured in the male) with a basal red tuft just behind 
the thorax and between two snow-white tufts ; antenna? 
brown, annulated with white. Under surface sericeous white : 
primaries pale greenish, yellowish towards the costal and 
external borders ; the central patch pinky white : legs rosy 
in front; venter of the male cream-coloured. Expanse of 
wings, ^ 1 inch 6 lines, ? 1 inch 4^ lines. 
Darjiling (Lidderdale) . Type B. M. 
Nearest to T. chloroleuca, but much more beautiful. 
7. Tyana lancina, sp. n. 
? . "Wings as in the preceding species, excepting that there 
is no trace of the central patch on the primaries ; head chrome- 
yellow, slightly pink in front, with a white band behind ; 
collar and tegulse chrome-yellow, with orange anterior margin ; 
thorax yellowish green ; abdomen snow-white, with a bright 
orange tuft in the centre at base ; anal segment sordid white ; 
antennas pink. Primaries below sericeous greenish white with 
the costal border tinted with pink ; fringe cream-coloured, 
with an orange dot at apex : secondaries sericeous snow-white : 
body below cream-coloured ; the anterior legs rosy cupreous in 
front. Expanse of wings 1 inch 6 lines. 
Bhotan (Lidderdale). Type B. M. 
Notodontidae. 
Hyper^eschra, gen. nov. 
Oleni affine genus ; alis autem anticis multo longioribus, nmrgine 
postico haud excavato, ramis subcostalibus multo magis approxi- 
mates ; alis posticis subtriangularibus, vena subcostnli ramis longe 
pone cellulam emissis ; corpore longiore, capitc majore. (fen. 
typus II. pallida. 
8. Hyperceschra pallida, sp. n. 
Whity brown ; primaries chalky white, sprinkled with 
brown towards the inner margin and across the centre of the 
median interspaces; two irregularly zigzag widely divergent 
black-brown lines representing the central belt and enclosing 
a large white reniform spot ; two longitudinal black streaks 
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol. vi. 5 
66 Mr. A. G. Butler on new Species of 
on the interno-median area from the base to the inner margin 
of the central belt ; a black longitudinal streak interrupted by 
the reniform spot from the inner line of the central belt to the 
middle of the disk, where it joins a brown streak on the outer 
margin ; the costa near apex, a short dash beyond the top of 
the reniform spot, two subapical streaks, and an apical dash 
blackish brown : thorax reddish brown, greyish in the centre. 
Primaries and pectus below pale pinky brown : secondaries 
and venter stramineous, the venter darker than the wings. 
Expanse of wings 2 inches 3 lines. 
Darjiling (Lidderdale) . Type B. M. 
Mr. Moore has an example of this species from Singapore. 
The genus is allied to both Peridea and Olene, but in colora- 
tion it most nearly resembles Heterocampa. 
9. Plialera stigmigera } sp. n. 
Nearly allied to P. sangana, but the primaries shorter, 
broader, with large whitish reniform stigma ; the orbicular 
placed nearer to it and very indistinct ; the inner line of the 
central belt single and more irregular, rather nearer to the 
base, base of costa sprinkled with white scales ; the external 
angle blackish, so that the spots which terminate the discal 
stripe are somewhat obscured ; the submarginal lunules 
whitish : body darker, with whiter anal segment and tuft. 
Under surface greyer, the blackish central fascia of the 
secondaries angulated at the costal vein. Expanse of wings 
3 inches 5 lines. 
Bhotan (Lidderdale). Type B. M. 
10. Phalera arenosa, sp. n. 
Also allied to P. sane/ana, but the whole ground-colour of 
the internal half of primaries pale sandy yellow, traversed by 
the ordinary undulated lines and spots, the costal half much 
darker, varied with slaty grey in the centre and at apex, the 
discoidal spots well defined ; the secondaries greyer, with 
blacker external third ; the head yellowish instead of snow- 
white ; the body black, with greyish lateral borders to the 
thorax, and greyish-white bands across the abdominal seg- 
ments ; anal segment pale cinereous. Primaries below blackish, 
with the usual pale markings : secondaries sordid white, with 
an abbreviated oblique crinkled black stripe from the costa to 
the first median branch ; a dusky discal nebula : pectus black ; 
the legs with greyish fringes ; venter sordid white, with lateral 
black bands continued from above. Expanse of wings 
3 inches 5 lines. 
Darjiling (Lidderdale). Type B. M. 
Asiatic Lepidoptera Ileterocera. 67 
This species is frequently confounded with P. sangana in 
collections. 
11. Somera Itchenrna, sp. n. 
Primaries pale emerald-green, sprinkled (particularly to- 
wards the base of costal border) with white scales ; discoidal 
spots placed near together, both orbicular and reniform pale 
grey, 8-shaped, with blackish centres ; a very faint indication 
of an undulated greyish line at basal two sevenths, and a 
second which crosses the wing just beyond the cell ; a more 
distinct submarginal line, which becomes black above the 
third median branch ; costal border crossed by numerous red- 
brown oblique dashes ; fringe brown, dotted with white : 
secondaries pale chocolate-colour, with whitish costal area irro- 
rated with grey and pale green, and crossed at apex by two 
parallel angular grey lines ; fringe tipped with whitish : 
thorax cinereous ; antennae bright ferruginous ; abdomen pale 
chocolate-colour, diffusely banded on the anal segment with 
emerald-green. W ings below pale chocolate : primaries with 
the costa, basal and internal areas pale clay-coloured ; secon- 
daries with the costal fringe white, the basi-costal area testa- 
ceous : body below pale sandy yellowish, anterior legs sprin- 
kled with white scales. Expanse of wings 2 inches. 
Borneo. Type B. M. 
12. Callcenia elongata, sp. n. 
Nearest to C. chamomiUce, the primaries considerably longer, 
of a dark cinereous colour washed in front with brown and 
with black markings as in C. chamomillce : secondaries sordid 
semitransparent white, with blackish veins, the costal area 
broadly washed with pale shining fuliginous brown ; a rather 
broad darker brown external border ; fringe white, intersected 
by an interrupted blackish line : thorax grey ; the head 
blackish, a black crescent on each side of the hood and only 
separated by the central terminal point of the same ; centre o 
thorax dusky ; abdomen whity brown with dusky dorsal 
ridge, anus greyish. Primaries below shining fuliginous brown ; 
secondaries white, with the costal and external borders fuli- 
ginous : body below greyish brown. Expanse of wings 2 
inches 3 lines. 
Darjiling (Lidderdale) . Type B. M. 
Peismosticta, gen. nov. 
TrilocJice et Norasumce affinc ; alis autem anticis cost;i recta apice 
projecto, margino externo apud apicem paululuni excavato, 
exinde late convcxo, margine interne- recto, vena subcostali 
5* 
68 On new Species of Asiatic Lcpidoptera Ileterocera. 
quinqueramosa, ramo solum primo ante cellular finem emisso, 
aliis longe pone cellulam emissis : alis posticis subtriangularibus, 
marginibus costali et externo arcuatis, margine abdominali recto, 
cellula brevi, nervulis disco-cellularibus bisiuuatis perobliquis : 
corpore robusto ; capite parvo, perbrevi ; antenuis modice brevi - 
bus, pectinatis ; pedibus tenuibus, femoribus lanatis. Gen. typ. 
P. fenestrata. 
13. Prismosticta fenestrata, sp. n. 
Clay-coloured, washed with olivaceous, the secondaries 
towards apex and anal angle washed with red ; two continu- 
ous nearly approximated dark brown lines, the inner one of 
the primaries incurved towards the costal margin, the outer 
one nearly straight and running to apex, near which it bounds 
on the inner side a triangular hyaline spot ; a dark brown 
litura on the discocellulars ; primaries with the apical border 
chocolate-brown : body testaceous tinted with olive, antennae 
whitish. Under surface fulvous ; primaries with the external 
half and secondaries with the external border washed with 
orange ; markings as above ; a greyish submarginal diffused 
stripe. Expanse of wings 1 inch 11 lines. 
Darjiling {Lidderdale) . Type B. M. . 
In the form of the primaries Prismosticta resembles the 
Geometrid genus Auzea. 
Cossid.83. 
Duomitus, gen. nov. 
Alae elongatae angusta) : antieae cellula valde elongata, venis falsis 
quadripartita ; vena subcostalis crassa, quinqueramosa, ramo 
secundo statim ante cellula? finem emisso, tribus autem ultimis 
pone cellulam emissis ; vena discocellularis perobliqua paululum 
excavata ; vena inferior discoidalis ramum quartum medianum 
fere formans ; vena submediana curvata : posticae cellula me- 
diocri, vena costah crassa, vena subcostali tenui, ramo inferiore 
venam alteram discoidalem formante, vena ordinaria discoidali 
ramum quartum medianum fere formante. Antennae simplices. 
Corpus formae consuetae. Gen. typ. D. ligneus. 
14. Duomitus ligneus^ sp. n. 
Pale sandy brown ; wings sparsely mottled with black, 
most densely on the external area of primaries, where they 
form a series of ill-defined hastate streaks between the veins, 
increasing in length towards the inner margin, and interrupted 
by white circular spots more or less obscured by grey reticu- 
lations ; several indistinct black internervular streaks between 
the subcostal branches ; costal margin spotted with black : 
On Marine Polyzoa. 69 
secondaries suffused with greyish fuliginous, with reddish- 
brown veins, fringe between the veins cream-coloured ; a few 
indistinct, confused, subraarginal whitish spots, similar to 
those on the external area of the primaries : thorax whitish at 
the sides, in front, and along the centre, with black tufts 
behind the tegulse ; abdomen with blackish sides (except 
upon the last two segments) and a dorsal longitudinal blackish 
stripe ; pectus black ; tarsi sandy whitish ; venter sandy 
yellowish. Wings below pale sandy brown ; the markings less 
distinct than above. Expanse of wings, <$ 4 inches 2 lines, 
? 4 inches 6 lines. 
Darjiling (Lidderdale) . Type B. M. 
Hepialidae. 
15. Hepialus marcidus, sp. n. 
Primaries above either pale buff or testaceous, mottled all 
over with greyish brown ; a broad interrupted central belt, 
spotted with little transverse dashes of the ground-colour, 
and with blackish spots across its centre, grey or greyish 
brown, sometimes becoming gravel-yellow upon the inner 
margin (where it is broken up into three or four unequal 
spots) ; a discal band, either grey or gravel-yellow, spotted in 
the centre with black; margin grey, sinuated internally : secon- 
daries semitransparent greyish brown : body dark greyish 
brown, with testaceous anus; thorax sometimes reddish. Under 
surface greyish, the markings obsolete. Expanse of wings, 
$ 1 inch 9 lines, ? 2 inches. 
Darjiling (Lidderdale). Type B. M. 
In the examples before me the more brightly coloured form 
is the male, the greyer form the female ; it is possible, how- 
ever, that much variation of tint may occur in individuals of 
both sexes. 
[To be continued. 
X. — Contributions towards a General History of the Marine 
Polyzoa. By the Rev. Thomas Hincks, B.A., F.R.S. 
[Plates IX., X., XI.] 
In the present and following papers I propose to describe and 
figure a large number of marine Polyzoa from various parts 
of the world which have hitherto, I believe, escaped notice, 
and thus to offer a contribution towards that general history of 
the class which still remains to be written. Et is by no