TYPES OF LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS IN THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY RICHARD I. JOHNSON' CONTENTS Abstract 159 Introduction 159 The Collectors (O. P. Emerson, E. J. Meadows, D. Thaanum) 161 The Collectors and Taxonomists 162 Adams, C. B. ., 162 Ancey, C.-M. F. 162 Baldwin, D. D 162 Cockerell, T. D. A. 163 Cooke, C. M., Jr. 163 Gould, A. A 163 Gulick, J. T. 164 Hartman, W. D. 165 H>'att, A 165 Jay, J. C 166 Kondo, Y 166 Lea, I. 167 Mighels, J. W. 167 Neal, M. C. 168 Newcomb, W. 168 Pease, VV. H. 169 Pfeiffer, L. 169 Pilsbry, H. A. 170 Reeve, L. A. 170 Smith, E. A. 170 Sykes, E. R. 171 Welch, D'A. A. 171 Remarks 172 Acknowledgments 173 Abbreviations 173 List of Types 174 List of Species by Author 203 Literature Cited 209 Abstract. Types of Hawaiian land and freshwater mollusks described by C. B. Adams, C.-M. F. Ancey, D. D. Baldvdn, T D.' A. Cockerell, C. M. Cooke, Jr., A. A. Gould, J. T. Gulick, W. D. Hartman, A. Hyatt, J. C. Jay, Y. Kondo, I. Lea, J. W. Mighels, M. C. Neal, W. Newcomb, W. H. Pease, L. Pfeiffer, H. A. Pilsbiy, ' Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Uni-versity, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. L. A. Reeve, E. A. Smith, E. R. Sykes, and D'A. A. Welch in the Museum of Comparative Zoology are listed. If the holotype or lectot)pe is not found there, its location is included if known. New lectotype se-lections are made only for the figured types of New-comb, Pfeiffer, and Reeve in The Natural History Museum, London, and those of Newcomb now in the Paleontological Research Institute, Ithaca, New York. INTRODUCTION "Evidence exists for a minimum of 1,461 recognizable endemic taxonomic units of Hawaiian land snails, comprising 931 spe-cies, 332 subspecies, and 198 unjudged va-rieties." Thus spake the late Alan Solem (1990: 27). Immanuel Kant claimed that he was awakened from his dogmatic slum-ber on reading the work of David Hume, which led to his work The Critique of Pure Reason, and, in a much smaller way, So-lem s doginatic assertion led to the present study, even though this list of types could not contribute to refuting his assertion as to the number of taxonomic units of Ha-waiian land snails. However, since the present work was begun, Cowie, Evenhuis, and Christensen (1995), in a Catalog of the Native Land and Freshwater MoUusca of the Hawaiian Islands, suggest that there are "763 no-menclaturally valid species" of endemic land snails. In another paper by Cowie, Nishidra, Basset, and Gon (1995), the au-thors give a slightly higher number siinply because they include 16 questionable ones mentioned in brackets in the Catalog. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 155(4): 159-214, November, 1996 159
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