CAUCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
49 
NOTE XIII. 
CARCINOLOGtCAL STUDIES IN THE LEYDEN MUSEUM. 
BY 
Dr. J. G. de MAN. 
N°. 4. ») 
(Plate 3—6). 
LIST OF SPECIES. 
Carpilodes tristis Dana. 
Actaeodes Riclitersii de Man. 
Xantlio piinctatus //. Milne Edw. 
tl (Lachnopodus) tahitensis 
de Man. 
II nudipes A. Milne Edw. 
Lophozozymiis superbus A. Milne 
Edio. (nee Dana). 
Leptodius gracilis Dana. 
Chlorodopsis areolata //. Milne Edw. 
Heteropanope serratifrons Kinahan. 
Pilumnus globosus Dana. 
II tahitensis, n. sp. 
Trapezia guttata Rüpp. {Heller). 
II flavopunctata Ej/d. ^- Soul. 
Eriphia scabricula Dana. 
Goniocaphyra truncatifrons de Man. 
Xenoplithalmodes Moebii Richters. 
Geryon trispinosus Herbst. 
Macroplithalmus crassipes H. Milne 
Edw. 
II pacificus Dana. 
Myctiris longicarpus Latr. 
Leptograpsus Ansoni //. Milne Edw. 
Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall. 
Plagusia speciosa Dana. 
Clistocoeloma merguiensis de Man. 
Sesarma Aubryi A. Milne Edw. 
II Edwardsii de Man, var. 
brevipes de Man. 
II Smithii H. Milne Edw. 
II atrorubens Hess. 
II trapezoidea Guérin. 
II quad rata Fahr. 
II erythrodactyla Hess. 
II bataviana, n. sp. 
„ barbimana , n. sp. 
Eupagurus hirtimanus White. 
Calcinus elegans H. Milne Edw. 
„ nitidus Heller. 
Clibanarius vulgaris Dana. 
„ taeniatus //. Milne Edw. 
Alpheus pachychirus Stimpson. 
Hetairocaris orientalis , n. g. et n. sp. 
Penaeus Macleayi Haswell. 
1) See for N°. 1 and 2 : Vol. III, p. 121 and p. 245, and for N°. 3: Vol. V, p. 150. 
Notes from the Leyden Museum , "Vol. XII. 
50 carcinological studies. 
1. Car pilodes tristis Daua. 
Carpilüdes tristis, Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, 
Crustacea, T. I, p. 193, PI. IX, fig. 7. 
One male from Tahiti. 
The nearest ally of this species is Carpilodes laevis A. 
Milne Edwards. Of this latter form I have before me a 
male specimen from Amboina, which I have described 
two years ago (Archiv f. Naturgeschichte , Jahrg. LIII , 
p. 236), and so I am able to indicate the differences. 
Unfortunately the cephalothorax of the specimen of tristis 
is somewhat asymmetric posteriorly, which is probably caused 
by a parasite in the left postero-lateral region of the carapace. 
The cephalothorax of Carpil. tristis is a little more 
enlarged than that of the other species. The interregional 
grooves are somewhat more distinct; therefore the urogastric 
areola 4 M is already visible to the naked eye, which is 
not the case in Carpil. laevis. The posterior of the two 
grooves which border the third lobe of the antero-lateral 
margins , is considerably longer in Carpil. tristis , 
so that an imaginary line, which unites the extremities 
of these grooves, coincides with the posterior border of 
the areola urogastrica. The whole upper surface of the 
cephalothorax of tristis proves to be very minutely granulated 
when examined under a strong magnify ing-glass, but when 
Carpil. laevis is observed under the same lens, this minute 
granulation is only seen on the front and close to the 
antero-lateral margins. 
The legs of Carpil. tristis are shorter in propor- 
tion to the width of the cephalothorax, and the 
ambulatory legs especially have a less slender 
form. Thus e. g. the last pair of legs of Carpil. laevis 
are about as long as the breadth of the cephalothorax , 
measured at the incisions between the second and the third 
lobe of the antero-lateral margins ; the posterior legs of 
Carpil. tristis are, however, much shorter than that distance. 
X^otes from the Leydon IMuseiiixi, ^''ol. XII 
CARC(NOLOGICAL STUDIES. 51 
The dark browu colour of the fingers of Dana's species 
extends for a short distance along the lower margin of 
the hand ; this is not the case with the specimen of Carpil. 
laevis whicli lies before me, but the specimen figured by 
Milne Edwards (Nouvelles Archives du Muséum , T. IX , 
PI. 5, fig. Sa) presents the same character. 
The breadth of the cephalothorax is 15^/, mm., its length 
9 mm. These measurements are for Carpil. laevis respectively 
iG'lg mm. and 10 mm. 
Heller (Novara-Reise) likewise records Carpil. tristis from 
Tahiti , and according to Milne Edwards this species is 
rather common on tlie shores of New Caledonia. 
2. Actaeodes Rich ter sii de Man. 
Actaeodes Richtersii, de Man, in: Zoologische Jahrbücher, heraus- 
gegeben von J. W. Spengel , Abth. f. Systematik, Bd. IV, S. 412, 
Taf. 9, fig. 2. 1888. 
An adult female and a very young male from Tahiti. 
Both specimens agree entirely with the original de- 
scription founded upon an adult male, but the hands of 
the female differ somewhat in form from those of the 
male. The hands are namely somewhat shorter and more 
slender ; they are a little more than three times as 
long as high , whereas in the adult male the height of 
the palm measures a little more than a third of the length. 
As regards the proportion between the horizontal length 
of the palm and that of the fingers, the female agrees 
with the male, but the palm is distinctly more than once 
and a half as long as high. The inner margins of both 
fingers are entire and excavated for some distance at the 
distal end; that entire, untoothed part of the margin is 
slightly longer than half the length of the margin in the 
immobile finger, slightly shorter than half the length of 
the margin in the dactylus; as regards the number and 
the form of the teeth , the female agrees with the male. 
The hiatus between the fingers when closed is slightly 
larger than in the male. 
Notes from the I-»eyden IVIuseutn, Vol. X^II. 
52 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES, 
In the young male individual the leaJ-coloured tint of 
the index does not yet cover the distal part of the palm , 
which is the case in the adult male. 
Dimensions of the female : 
Distance between the external orbital angles H^/s nira. 
Greatest width of the cephalothorax . . . 29\'4 » 
Length of the cephalothorax 15^.-, » 
Length of the hand l^Vo » 
Height of the palm 4^/6 » 
3. X ant ho punctatus H. Milne Edw. 
(PI- 3, fig. 1). 
Xantho punctatus, H. Milne Edwards; A. Milne Edwards, Noti- 
vellea Archives da Muséum, T. IX, p. 199, PI. VII, fig. 6. — de 
Man, in: Archiv f. Naturgeschichte , Jahrg. 53, 1888, p. 238. 
The collection contains two fine adult specimens , a male 
and a female, of which the locality is unknown. 
The two chelipedes of the female have the same size and 
agree entirely with the figure published by Milne Edwards. 
In the male the right chelipede (fig. 1) is considerably 
larger than the left. The black colour of the fiugers extends 
somewhat farther in the male than in the female , as may 
be seen when comparing my figure of the larger hand of 
the male with that of the hand of the female in the 
»Nouvelles Archives." 
Dimensions : cf Q 
Greatest breadth of the cephalothorax 49 mm. 42^/o mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax ... 30 » 26 » 
Distance between the external orbital 
angles 20'/j » l?'/, » 
Length of the larger hand . . . .4072 » 
Height of the larger hand . . . • lö'/g » 
4. Kant ho (Lachnopodus) t a hi ten sis de Man. 
Xantho {Lachnopodus} tahilensis , de Man, in: Zool. Jahrbiicher, 
Abth. f. System. Bd. IV, 1888, S. 418, Taf. IX, fig. 4. 
Notes frora the I^eytlen JMasetim, Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 53 
A male aud a youug female from Tahiti. 
The chelae of the female fully agree with those of the 
male; in both the right chela is the larger. 
5. X ant ho nudipes A. Milne Edw. 
Confer: de Man, in: Zoolog. Jahrb. Bd. IV, 1888, p. 420. 
A young male aud a female, which are of the same size. 
The female is ova-bearing. The whole upper surface of 
the cephalothorax presents the small impressions and grooves 
that are characteristic to this species , whereas , according 
to Milne Edwards , only the anterior part should be covered 
with them. In the male the right chelipede is the larger, 
in the female the left. The extremities of the fingers are 
scarcely excavate. 
Dimensions : cT 9 
Greatest width of the cephalothorax 2P/2 mm. 20^/4mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax . . . 14^4 -n 13V4 » 
Distance between the external orbital 
angles . 9 „ 8V4 « 
6. Lophozozymus sitpe?'Z>?<s A. Milne Edw. (wgc Dana). 
Loplwzozymus superbus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouvelles Archives 
du Muséum, T. IX, p. 205. — de Man, in: Archiv f. Naturge- 
schichte, Jahrg. 53, 1888, p. 269, Taf. X, Fig. 3b. 
One male and an ova-bearing female from Upolu. 
I have already said (1. c.) that Lophozozymus superbus 
A. Milne Edwards is a species different from Lophozozymus 
superbus Dana , the latter being identical with Lophozozymus 
incisus M. Edw. The cephalothorax of Loph. superbus A. 
Milne Edw. attains a breadth of 55 mm. ; our two indivi- 
duals from Upolu have , however, only half that size , though 
the female is already provided with eggs. The chelae of 
the female are equal in size, the upper margin of the 
palm is slightly and obtusely carinated along its proximal half 
and the fingers are slightly grooved in a longitudinal 
N"otes from the Leydeii IMuseum . Vol. XII. 
54 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
direction. The black colour of the fingers extends a little 
on the base of the immobile finger in the male, but not 
in the female. 
The upper surface of the cephalothorax is beautifully 
marbled with red on a paler ground-colour and the under 
surface presents numerous small round , reddish spots. 
Dimensions of the female: 
Breadth of the cephalothorax ...... 27 mm. 
Length „ „ „ 16 
Distance between the external orbital angles 18^/4 „ 
This species has also been recorded from New Caledonia. 
7. Leptodius gracilis Dana. 
Chlorodius gracilis, Dana, 1. c. p. 210, PI. XI, Sg. 13. 
Leptodius gracilis, de Man, in: Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, Jahrg. 
53, 1888, S. 287, PI. XI, fig. 2. 
Two young male specimens from Ponape. 
Quite as was the case with the male from the Java Sea, 
described by me (1. c), also in these two individuals the 
cephalothorax is slightly more enlarged than in the 
typical specimens of Leptodius exaratus ^ in which the fin- 
gers of the hands have no hiatus between them , when 
closed. I therefore think Leptodius gracilis to be a» good" 
species. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is shining , 
what is denied by Dana. 
The dimensions of the larger specimen are as follows: 
Width of the cephalothorax 18 mm. 
Length „ „ „ 11 „ 
8. Chlorodopsis areolata H. Milne Edw. 
Chlurodopsis areolatus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouvelles Archives du 
Muséum, T. IX, p. 231, PI. VIII, fig. 8. 
A young male from the Fiji islands. 
In this species all the regions of the upper surface are 
very distinctly developed and separated from one another 
Notes from the Leyden M^useum, "Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 55 
by deep grooves. The regions 2 M are each divided by 
a distinct groove in two secondary areolae , the mesogastric 
areola 3 M is tripartite and separated moreover from the 
areola 4 M. The areola- cardiaca 1 P is separated by 
rather deep grooves from the areolae 3 R and 2 P; the 
anterior margin of this areola 1 P presents a narrow 
emargiuation in the middle , but this groove does not 
extend to the posterior margin , so that the two halves 
of this lobule are united with one another posteriorly. 
The short close down , that presents the upper surface of 
the cephalothorax ,. does not cover the small rounded 
granules , which are found on the areolae. Sternum and 
abdomen are somewhat punctate , but appear for the rest 
nearly smooth. 
The right chelipede is a little larger than the left. The 
wrist is armed with a rather acute tooth at the internal 
angle of the upper surface and with a very acute spine 
below that tooth at the inner angle of the under surface. 
The hands are covered above and externally with numerous 
conical, rather acute tubercles, that are arranged more or 
less in transverse series. The lower margin of the hand is 
rounded and smooth. The fingers are sulcate. The upper 
margin of the dactylus presents two rows of acute tubercles 
until the middle; some small tubercles are also found on 
the index, a transverse row of tubercles of the palm ex- 
tending on the immobile finger. The inner margin of the 
index presents three conical teeth , that of the dactylus 
also three , of which the proximal one is the largest. 
The ambulatory legs are covered with the same close 
down as the upper surface of the carapace and are more- 
over densely hairy on the margins ; the mero-, carpo- and 
propodites are armed with small sharp spines on their 
anterior margins. 
The cephalothorax is 11 V5 luin. broad and TVs ^^- long. 
This species inhabits the seas of Australia, New Cale- 
donia and the Fgi islands. 
N otes from tlie Leyden JMuseum , Vol. Xll. 
56 CARCINOLÜGICAL STUDIES. 
9. Heteropanope ser rati frons Kinaliau. 
(PI. 3, fig. 2). 
Ozius? serratifrons , Kiuahan , The Journal of the Royal Dublin 
Society, Vol. I, 1856, p. 118, PI. IV, fig. 1. 
Pilumnopeus serratifrons , Haswell , Catalogue of the Australian 
Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crustacea, 1882, p. 70, PI. II, fig. 1. 
One young male, bearing a Sacculina, from the Pacific 
Ocean. 
This species somewhat resembles Heteropanope indica 
tie Man from the Mergui Archipelago , but differs by the 
following characters. The upper surface of the cephalothorax 
of Heterop. serratifrons is a little convex, especially 
anteriorly, that of Heterop. indica rather depressed. (I may 
observe that Kinahan describes the cephalothorax as » slightly 
depressed", Haswell however as »very convex, both in 
the transverse and the antero-posterior direction"!) The 
cephalothorax is also a little less enlarged in proportion 
to the length as that of Heterop. indica. The front is a 
little broader than in the Mergui species, the distance 
between the internal orbital angles being somewhat longer 
than the third part of the greatest width of the cephalo- 
thorax. Kinahan says in his latin diagnosis , that the postero- 
lateral margins are nearly twice as long as the antero- 
lateral (margine poster o-laterali contracta, 
quam margine ant. lat. fere bis longiore), and 
afterwards he says that the antero-lateral margin scarcely 
attains the edge of the genital region. In our specimen , which 
is evidently a young one, the antero-lateral margins are 
somewhat shorter than the postero-lateral , their length 
being about in proportion as 5:7. The antero-lateral mar- 
gins are armed with four teeth, the first of which 
forms the little prominent external orbital angle. This 
first lobe is nearly straight or very slightly emarginate 
and has nearly the same form as in Heterop. indica] the 
second lobe is considerably longer than the 
Notes from the Loyden JMuseum , Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGfCAL STUDIES. 57 
first and obtusely rouuded anteriorly. The secoud antero- 
lateral lobe of Heterop. indica on the contrary is a little 
narrower than the first. The two posterior teeth are much 
smaller, triangular, tooth-like and subacute ; the third tooth 
is a little larger than the fourth. 
The anterior half of the upper surface of the cephalo- 
thorax presents the same transverse , minutely granulated, 
pubescent lines as that of Heterop. indica. Immediately 
below the first antero-lateral lobe, the subhepatic region 
presents some more or less prominent granules ; Kinahan 
describes them in the adult as »a small spine", Haswell 
as a » tubercular eminence." The flagellum of the outer 
antennae is longer than that of Heterop. indica and but 
little shorter than half the breadth of the cephalothorax. 
The abdomen does not fully agree with Kinahan's figure, 
the joints appear comparatively a little broader; the penul- 
timate joint is distinctly broader than long, that oï Heterop. 
indica nearly quadrate. 
The left chelipede is the larger one. The upper margin 
of the arm has an acute tooth immediately before the 
distal end. The wrist presents an acute tooth at its internal 
angle and the upper surface is somewhat granular. The 
larger hand (fig. 2) is a little more than once and a 
half as long as high , and the horizontal length of the 
fingers is but little more than half the horizontal length 
of the palm. The hand is minutely granulate on its upper 
margin and close to the articulation with the wrist , though 
in our young specimen the granules are only visible by 
means of the magnifying glass. The outer surface of the 
hand appears smooth for the naked eye, and very minutely 
granular under a strong lens. The dactylus is short, curved 
and somewhat granular at the base; this finger is not 
grooved , but presents two or three rows of impressed points. 
The immobile finger is distinctly sulcate on its outer surface, 
and armed with two or three teeth; the dactylus presents 
also three teeth , of which the two proximal ones are smaller 
than the opposite teeth of the index. The lower margin of 
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum , Vol. XH. 
58 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
the palm is in a straight line with the lower margin of 
the immobile finger. 
The fingers of the smaller hand are comparatively a 
little longer and the impressed points on the dactylus are 
deeper, the upper forming partly a groove ; the upper and 
the posterior margin of the palm and the lower part of 
the outer surface are granular, and still much smaller 
granules are observed , by means of a strong magnifying- 
glass, on the rest of the outer surface. The fingers have 
pointed tips. 
The hairy ambulatory legs are rather much compressed 
and resemble those of Heterop. indica , but the dactylopodites 
are still somewhat longer and are distinctly longer 
than the propodites. 
Heteropanope australiensis '^iim.^^on has five antero-lateral 
teeth and cannot therefore be identical with our species, 
as Haswell thought. 
It is impossible to decide whether Pilumnopeus crassi- 
manus A. Milne Edw. from Port Western is identical with 
Kinahan's species , because the description is too short. 
The upper surface of the cephalothorax is of a dark 
brown olive-green colour, the antero-lateral margins, the 
orbital margins and the frontal lobes are yellowish red , 
and the upper surface seems to be marked with a few 
reddish spots , as e. g. at the two fissures of the upper 
orbital margin. The upper sides of the anterior legs and 
the ambulatory legs have nearly the same colour; the 
outer surface of the hands is of a pale reddish, and the 
fingers are dark brown , the brown colour gradually growing 
paler towards the tips. cT 
Greatest width of the cephalothorax . . . . 1 5^/3 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax , without the frontal 
lobes IP/3 » 
Length of the cephalothorax , with the frontal 
lobes 12 » 
Distance between the internal orbital angles . 6 » 
Length of the larger hand, fingers included . IIV2 * 
Notes from tlie Leydeu JMuseuxu, Vol. XH. 
CARCINOLOüICAL STUDIES. 59 
Length of the palm 7^/2 mm. 
Height of the palm near the articulation with the 
fingers 7 » 
In adult specimens the cephalothorax has a breadth of 
1^/4 inch and is then twice as large as our individual. 
Heteropanope serratifrons Kinahan inhabits the eastern 
coast of Australia and New Zealand. 
10. Pilumnus glohosus Dana. 
(PI. 3, fig. 3). 
Pilumnus glohosus, Dana, 1. c. p. 236, PI. XIII, fig. 10. 
Two specimens (cf and Q) of which the locality is unknown. 
The cephalothorax of this species is rather thick , and , 
being but little broader than long, greatly resembles the 
species of the genus Actumnus. The upper surface is very 
convex in the antero-posterior direction ; the regions are 
very faintly indicated and the sutures defining the gastric 
region are scarcely visible. The upper surface is covered 
with a few scattered , small granules and densely with 
rather short yellowish hairs. The front is very narrow , the 
distance between the internal angles of the orbits measures 
scarcely a third of the greatest width of the cephalothorax. 
It is much deflexed , prominent and divided in two lobes 
by a narrow but deep incision. The finely granulated and 
straight margins of these two frontal lobes run obliquely 
backward and are not separated by an incision from the 
upper orbital margins , quite as in the genus Sphaerozius 
Stimps. The external orbital angle is formed by a small 
rather acute granule, the inferior orbital margin presents 
some similar granules and the internal angle of the latter 
terminates in a somewhat larger granule. The basal joint 
of the outer antennae is very short and even the second 
joint does not yet reach the frontal margin ; the length 
of the flagellum is still a little shorter than the breadth 
of the front. The antero-lateral margins are a little longer 
than the postero-lateral ones ; they are entire , and orna- 
Notes from the Leyden üMuseutu, Vol. XII. 
60 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
mented, behind the external orbital angles, anteriorly 
with three small granules, placed at some 
distance from one another. The postero-lateral margins are 
slightly concave. The pterygostomian regions are smooth : 
a few granules are only observed quite near the inferior 
orbital margins. The endostorae is distinctly ridged. Sternum 
and abdomen are punctate , but for the rest smooth ; the 
penultimate joint of the abdomen in the male is somewhat 
broader than long. 
The anterior legs are unequal both in the male and in 
the female. The larger hand (fig. 3) is very thick and 
its outer surface very convex; the latter is covered every- 
where, as well on the upper as on the lower margin, with 
numerous granules, which are not arranged in transverse 
series, but irregularly. These granules are rather sharp 
close to the articulation with the wrist, but they become 
gradually more numerous , smaller and more obtuse towards 
the fingers. The fingers are short, smooth and not grooved ; 
a few very small granules are only seen quite at the base 
of the dactylus, when observed under a magnifying-glass , 
and these granules are placed in a transverse row. 
The granules , with which the smaller hand is covered , 
are less numerous , larger , conical , acute and more 
or less arranged in transverse rows. The dactylus is some- 
what hairy at the base and presents here two or three longi- 
tudinal rows of acute granules ; similar granules are also 
found at the outer surface of the immobile finger, which 
is slightly grooved. The larger hand is only slightly hairy 
on the proximal half of its outer surface , but the outer 
surface of the smaller hand is hairy until the base of 
the fingers. The fingers are black, with white pointed tips ; 
each of them is armed with two or three white teeth. 
The dimensions of the female are follows: 
Greatest width of the cephalothorax . . . .16 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax l^^/j „ 
Distance between the internal orbital angles . 4^/3 „ 
„ „ „ external „ „ . 10 1/4 „ 
Notes froiia the Leyden üMuseum , "Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES- 61 
This species is most closely allied to Pilumnus actum- 
noides A. Milne Edw., which inhabits New Caledonia , but 
in this form the frontorbital margin of the upper surface 
of the carapace is comparatively broader, according to the 
figure published by Milne Edwards, the small teeth of the 
antero-lateral margins are more numerous and more pro- 
minent , and the outer surface of the larger hand is covered 
with less numerous granules. The dactylus of Pilumnus 
actumnoides seems to be also a little more granulate above. 
Pilumnus globosus was discovered by Dana at the island 
of Tahiti and at some other islands of the Pacific Ocean , 
and was observed by the Challenger Expedition in the 
Japanese Seas. 
11. Pilumnus tahitensis, n. sp. 
(PI. 3, fig. 4). 
Two specimens (cf and Q) from Tahiti. 
This very interesting new species may at first sight be 
distinguished from its numerous congeners by the fingers 
of the chelipedes which have exactly the same structure as 
those of Pilumnus cristimanus A. Milne Edw., and by the 
antero-lateral margins of the carapace being armed with 
the typical number of acute spines, just as in the typi- 
cal forms of the genus. 
The cephalothorax is a little broader than long. Its 
upper surface is rather depressed , only declivous towards 
the front and slightly so towards the antero-lateral mar- 
gins. The regions are not or very faintly indicated; the 
upper surface appears smooth and shining between the 
scattered tufts of hair, but slightly uneven , though scar- 
cely distinguishable , at the insertion of every tuft of hairs. 
The hairs, with which the upper surface is covered, are 
partly long , silken and pale yellowish , partly pinnate. 
They arise in transverse rows on the front at some dis- 
tance from the margin. The front is rather prominent, 
less broad than half the breadth of the cephalothorax, 
Notes from tlie Leyden Museum, Vol. XII. 
62 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
and diviiled by a triangular notch in two lobes which 
are directed somewhat obliquely backward. The margins 
of the frontal lobes are nearly straight, scarcely a little 
sinuous , and are not separated by any incision from the 
obtuse internal orbital angles. The frontal margins are 
smooth and not granular, quite as the upper surface of 
the cephalothorax. The orbits are large and slightly broader 
than half the width of the front. The eye-peduncles are hairy. 
The upper margin of the orbits is not granulate , but 
hairy; the external angle is formed by a triangular, acute 
and rather prominent tooth , close to which the upper margin 
presents still a much smaller, triangular lobe. The acute 
tooth at the extraorbital angle is separated by a deep, 
triangular hiatus from the lower margin of the orbits ; this 
hiatus is a little broader in the female than in the male. 
The external half of the inferior margin of the orbits is 
entire , the internal angle dentiform , acute , hairy and 
rather prominent (fig. 4a) and two or three much smaller 
teeth are observed between the internal tooth and the 
external half of the lower margin. The interior hiatus of 
the orbits is rather wide and spacious; the basal joint 
of the autenual peduncle is considerably shorter than the 
internal suborbital tooth and does by far not reach the 
front. The second joint reaches to the upper surface of 
the front and the third joint is almost as long as the 
second. The flagellura is glabrous and as long as the 
breadth of the front. 
The antero-lateral margins are distinctly shorter than 
the postero-lateral. They are armed with three very 
acute spiniform teeth, which are equally distant from 
one another as from the dentiform external orbital angle. 
The subhepatic region bears several small and acute tuber- 
cles, one of which is larger than the others and dentiform 
(fig. 4a). The pterygostomian regions are somewhat granular. 
The endostome is distinctly ridged. The merus-joint of the 
outer foot-jaws is quadrangular, its anterior margin straight 
or scarcely concave and the external angle obtusely rounded. 
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 63 
The penultimate joint of the male abdomen is somewhat 
broader than long. The sternum and abdomen are slightly 
pubescent. 
With the exception of the fingers and of the inner surface 
of the hands , the anterior legs are covered with hairs which 
are partly long, silken and yellowish, partly pinnate 
and which resemble those , found on the upper surface 
of the cephalothorax. In the male the right chelipede is 
a little larger than the left; unfortunately the female 
specimen has lost the right leg , so that I cannot say 
whether they are equal or not. The upper margin of the 
arms bears two sharp spiniform teeth , one at the distal 
end, the second a little before it; a small spiniform tooth 
is also observed at the proximal end of the anterior margin. 
A sharp conical granule is found at the internal angle of 
the wrist and a few similar conical and acute granules 
are dispersed on the upper surface which is covered with 
long hairs. 
The fingers of the larger hand (fig. 4b) are about as 
long as the palm , those of the smaller hand distinctly 
longer. The palm is covered above and externally with 
rather long hairs and between these hairs with a few 
sharp conical granules , which resemble those of the upper 
surface of the wrist; these granules decrease in size towards 
the inferior margin. 
The fingers present exactly the same form 
and structure as those of Pilumnus cristimanus ; the 
crests on the outer surface of the fingers are however less 
acute and more obtuse, and the sharp inner edge of the 
immobile finger, which is quite entire in Pilumnus cristi- 
manus, presents, at least in the male, four or five very 
small incisions. The fingers are smooth all over, and pre- 
sent no trace of granulation , even at the base of the 
dactylus , but at the uncoloured base of the latter a few 
long hairs are implanted. 
The ambulatory legs, which are covered with long hairs , 
are comparatively long and their propodites are nearly as 
Notes from the Leyden IMuseiim , Vol. X^II. 
64 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
long as the dactylopodites; the upper margins of the mero- 
aud of the carpopodites are aiuned with a spiniform tooth 
at the distal end. The hairs which are found on these legs 
are also partly pinnate. 
Pilumnus tahitensis is closely allied to Pilumnus vestitus 
Haswell from Port Jackson (vide Miers, Challenger Ex- 
pedition, Brachyura, p. 159, PL XIV, fig. 3), but is dis- 
tinguished at first sight by the remarkable struc- 
ture of the fingers. 
Dimensions : cf 9 
Breadth of the cephalothorax , lateral 
teeth included lO^^/g mm. 10 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax .... 7~/, » T^/g » 
Distance between the external orbital 
angles 7^/2 » 7^/- » 
12. Trapezia guttata Riipp. (Heller). 
Trapezia guttata Riippel, Heller, in : Sitzungsber. Kais. Acad, der 
Wissensch. in Wien, Bd. XLIII, p. 351. 
Trapezia guttata , Miers , Report on the Challenger Brachyura , 
1886, p. 166, PI. XII, fig. 1. 
Two specimens, male and female, from Samoa. 
Quite as in the specimens described (I.e.) by Miers, 
also in our specimens the ambulatory legs alone are 
marked with small red spots. The cephalothorax is a little 
broader in proportion to the length than that of Trapezia 
cymodoce Herbst. 
Our species is also distinguished by the frontal teeth 
being but little developed and by the glabrous outer surface 
of the hands. 
The lateral teeth of the cephalothorax are sharp and 
acute as in Trap, cymodoce:^ the hands are much compressed 
and their upper margin is rather sharp , not rounded. 
Dimensions : cT Q 
Breadth of the cephalothorax , distance 
between the lateral teeth. . . . 12-''//, mm. 12^/^ mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax . . . lOYr, » 9^'^ » 
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES, 65 
13. Trapezia flavopunctata Eyd. & Soul. 
Trapezia flavopunctata , Eydoux & Souleyet , Voyage de la Bonite, 
Tome I, p. 230, PI. 2, fig. 3. 
Trapezia latifrons , A. Milne Edwards, Nouvelles Archives du 
Muséum, Tome IX, p. 259, PI. X, fig. 7. 
Three adult specimens (2 (ƒ and 1 9) from Tahiti and 
two very young males the locality of which is unknown. 
The two young males certainly belong to Trap, latifrons 
A. Milne Edw. and agree completely with the description 
and the figure of that species. They diSer from the three 
adult individuals almost only by having the areolae of 
the reticulate pattern on the cephalothorax larger and 
less numerous. This species may be distinguished at first 
sight from Trap, areolata Dana: 1° by the general shape 
of the cephalothorax , 2° by the granulate lower margin 
of the hands , and 3° by the areolae. In Trap, areolata 
Dana the areolae are much smaller and much more nume- 
rous and do not exist on the ambulatory legs. The lateral 
teeth of the cephalothorax are less sharp in the adult than 
in the young, and this is also the case with the acute 
tooth at the internal angle of the wrist of the anterior 
legs. In adult specimens the upper-, as well as the lower 
surface of the cephalothorax is marked with a net of 
areolae , which are a little larger than those of Trap, areolata ; 
these areolae are also seen on both sides of the anterior 
legs. Spot-like red transverse bands exist on the ambulatory 
legs, two or three on the meropodites, and one on the 
carpo- and propodites. 
I finally may observe that this species differs from Trap, 
rufopunctata Herbst exclusively by the pattern , 
showing in any other respect the most complete resemblance 
with it. 
The largest specimen, a female, has the following 
dimensions: 
Distance between the external orbital angles 2074 i^^^- 
IXotes from the Leydexi Museum, Vol. XII. 
5 
66 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
Length of the cephalotliorax 17 mm. 
Breadth of the front , measured between the eyes 18 » 
In the smallest specimen , a male , the measurements are 
as follows : 
Distance between the external orbital angles . .11 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax §74^^ 
Breadth of the front, measured between the eyes G^/j » 
1 4. Er iphia scahricula Dana. 
Eriphia scahricula, Dana, 1. c. Tome I, p. 247, pi. XIV, fig. 5. 
A female and a younger male from unknown locality. 
I have before me a young male of Eriphia laevimana , 
var. Smithii^ collected in the Javan Sea, which I have de- 
scribed some time ago (Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, Bd. 53, 
1888, p. 327), so that I am enabled to point out the slight 
differences existing between this form and Eriphia sca- 
hricula. The cephalothorax of Dana's species is slightly 
more enlarged. The post-frontal lobes 2 F are 
not separated in this species from the regions 
1 M by a transverse groove, but form one single 
region with the latter and the regions 2 M; in Eriphia 
laevimana the post-frontal lobes 2 F are on the contrary 
separated from the areolae 1 M by distinct smooth transverse 
grooves. These areolae 2 F and 1 M are more finely 
granulated in scahricula than in the other form. The median 
incision of the front is slightly wider, and the anterior 
margins of the two arcuate frontal lobes are not or only 
very finely granulated , but very distinctly so in Eriphia 
laevimana. The granulation on the outer surface of the 
hands is somewhat closer and finer in Eriphia scahricula , 
and the upper surface of the cephalothorax and the hands 
are always hairy in the species described by Dana. 
The largest specimen , the female , has the following 
dimensions : 
Notes from tlae Leyden M!useum , Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES, 67 
Breadth of the cephalothorax 19 mm. 
Length » » » I2V4 » 
Breadth of the front . . . 93/4 » 
These measurements are in the male oï Eriphia laevimana , 
var. Smithii, respectively 18 mm., 12*/^ mm. and 9 mm. 
15. G 7110 c ap hyra t run cat ifr ons de Man. 
Goniocaphyra truncatifrons, de Man, in : Archiv f. Natnrgeschichte, 
1888, Bd. 53, p. 339, PI. XIV, fig. 1. 
This species is identical with Catoptrics nitidus 
A. Milne Edw. 
At the time when I described the Goniocaphyra , I sup- 
posed Catoptrus nitidus to be a quite different form , 
especially because I was led to the opinion that the 
Goniocaphyra ought to be referred to the Portunidae on 
account of its presumptive affinities with the genus Caphyra 
Guerin. 
Prof. Milne Edwards kindly sent me his own drawing 
of Catoptrus nitidus, which has never been published as 
far as I am aware. The cephalothorax attains in the adult 
specimens a breadth of 23 mm., the original specimen of 
Goniocaphyra has not yet half that size. In the adult male 
the hands , especially the larger one , seem to present a 
somewhat different form as in the younger male and in 
the female. This observation is the result of a comparison 
of the drawing of Milne Edwards with my own figures and 
a female specimen from the Pacific Ocean , which 1 have 
before me. The cephalothorax of this latter specimen is 12 
mm. broad. According to the drawing of Prof. Milne Edwards, 
the fingers of the larger hand of the adult male are little 
more than half as long as the palm , whereas they are 
exactly as long as the palm in the young male specimen 
I have described. The fingers should be , moreover, com- 
paratively higher and less slender in the adult male than 
in the young and in the female. 
Catoptrus nitidus A. Milne Edw. has been recorded from 
the Javan Sea and from the Samoa Islands. 
Notes from tJae JLieyden IMuseura, Vol. JUL 
68 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
16. Xen op ht halmodes Moehii Richters. 
(PI. 3, fig. 5). 
Xenophthalmodes Moehii, Richters, Beitrage zur Meereefauna der Insel 
Mauritius und der Seychellen, 1880, p. 155, PI. XVI, fig. 28, PI. 
XVII, fig. 1 — 5. 
A single male from the Red Sea, collected by Mr. J. A. 
Kruyt at Djeddah. 
On this interesting form the following may be remarked. 
According to Mr. Richters the corneae of the eyes should 
be entirely obliterated in this species , which therefore 
should be perfectly blind. In the Djeddah specimen, however, 
I observe an extremely small, punctiform, dark- 
coloured cornea (fig. 5) , placed near the external 
extremity of the lower margin of the orbits; this minute 
cornea may best be seen when light falls in an oblique 
direction upon it and then it appears, under a magnifying- 
glass, as a black point. Richters does not say much about 
the external foot-jaws, but in his figure 5 the anterior 
and the external margins of the merus-joint seem to make 
together a continuous arcuate line. In our specimen, however, 
the merus-joint (fig. 5a) is distinctly quadrangular, 
the anterior margin nearly straight or very slightly arcuate, 
a little oblique and somewhat longer than the external 
margin ; there is a distinct angle between the two margins, 
and the palp is inserted at the antero-internal angle of the 
joint. 
A third difference finally presents the abdomen (fig. 5^), 
the third, fourth, fifth and sixth joints of which are some- 
what shorter and appear therefore more enlarged than in 
the figure given by Richters ; the terminal joint is a little 
longer than it is broad at the base. 
For the rest our specimen agrees perfectly well with all what 
Richters says and figures, and I therefore suppose our spe- 
cimen to belong to the same species. 
The whole animal is of a pale grayish colour and the 
upper margin of the mobile finger of a porcelain-white. 
Notes f'roin tlie Leyden JMuseimx , Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 69 
The cephalothorax is, posteriorly, 11 mm. broad and 8^3 
mm. loog. The specimen of Richters bad about the same size. 
17. G er yon trispin os us Herbst. 
(PI. 4, fig. 6). 
Cancer trispinosus, Herbst, Krabben und Krebse, Bd. III, Heft 3, 
p. 43, PI. LVII, fig. 4 (1803). 
Chulaepus trispinosus, Gerstaecker, Carcinologische Beitrilge , in : 
Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, Jahrg. XXII, 1856, p. 119. 
The Leyden Museum Collection contains one single male 
specimen of this rare and interesting crab , of which , as 
far as I know, only one other specimen exists , viz. the 
original specimen of Herbst's Cancer trispinosus in the Royal 
Museum of Berlin. Unfortunately the origin of the Leyden 
Museum crab is quite unknown. Herbst indicates the East- 
Indies as the habitat of his Cancer trispinosus. The other 
species of the genus Geri/on occur in the European seas 
and in the Atlantic Ocean : all are deep-sea forms. It appears, 
for that reason , very probable to me that Geryon trispinosus 
Herbst represents this genus in the depths of the indo- 
pacific seas, and that therefore only two specimens have 
been collected until to day. 
Gerstaecker created for this species the genus Chalaepus, 
but it is without any doubt a true representative of the 
genus Geryon^ established by Kröyer in 1837. Three 
species of this genus were known up to this date, if 
we exclude Geryon incertus Miers from the Bermudas, the 
true place of which is still uncertain : they are Geryon 
tridens Kröyer from the northern European seas , Geryon 
quinquedens Smith from the East Coast of the United States, 
and Geryon longipes A. Milne Edw. from the Mediterranean 
and North Spanish coasts. 
I have to express my thanks to Dr. Hilgendorf of Berlin, 
from whom I have received most valuable informations 
regarding the specimen of Herbst. The latter presents some 
slight difierences , which are either individual or must be 
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XII. 
70 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
attributed to the somewhat larger size of the crab of the 
Berlin Museum. 
The cephalo thorax (fig. 6) is hexagonal, moderately 
convex in the antero-posterior, and slightly so in the trans- 
verse direction. Only a part of the regions are indicated. The 
posterior half of the mesogastric and the anterior half of 
the cardiac region are defined laterally by shallow grooves, 
but there is no transverse groove between these two regions. 
The cardiac region is separated posteriorly from the branchial 
regions by somewhat erose and uneven shallow impressions, 
which separate it also from the intestinal region. On each 
side of the mesogastric region a short impressed line is 
seen anteriorly, with a punctiform impression at the internal 
extremity of each line. A shallow depression , bearing two 
verrucous eminences , separates the hepatic from the bran- 
chial regions and the latter are somewhat erose and uneven 
in the middle. The anterior declivous part of the upper 
surface presents no interregional grooves at all. The upper 
surface is smooth and glabrous , though it is rather irre- 
gularly punctate and marked with numerous shallow and 
small impressions, which give it here and there an erose 
appearance. 
The cephalothorax is a little broader than long , and the 
proportion of the distance between the third antero-lateral 
teeth and the length is about as 4:3. The front is obli- 
quely directed downward and measures about a fifth of 
the distance between the posterior antero-lateral teeth. Its 
rather sharp anterior margin terminates in four small obtuse 
teeth , the external of which forms the internal angles of the 
orbits ; the median teeth are placed close together and project 
a little more forward than the external ones. These frontal 
teeth are a little more prominent in the specimen of Herbst 
than in that of Leyden. The front is flattened and smooth, and 
presents no trace of a frontal furrow. The breadth of 
the front between the tips of the external 
teeth is a little larger than the width of the 
orbits between their inner and outer angles. 
Notes irom th.e Leyden ÜMuseum , Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 71 
The upper orbital margin presents traces of two fissures, 
but appears for the rest entire. The outer angles of the 
orbits are dentiform and acute , and project a little less for- 
ward than the external frontal teeth. 
The antero-lateral margins (fig. Qb) are shorter thau 
the postero-lateral ones and measure only two thirds of the 
latter. They are armed behind the dentiform ^ external 
orbital angles, with two acute teeth, of which the 
posterior one is somewhat larger than the other. This third or 
last tooth is comparatively a little longer and larger in 
the specimen of Herbst than in our somewhat younger 
individual. The first antero-lateral , i. e. the extraorbital tooth, 
is somewhat flattened above , the two posterior ones slightly 
convex. The distance between the tips of the first and the 
second antero-lateral teeth is but little smaller than the 
distance between the second and the third. The lateral 
margin of the cephalothorax appears very 
slightly convex between the first and the 
second as well as between the second and the 
third antero-lateral teeth. In the original specimen 
of Herbst the lateral margin is quite straight between 
the first and the second teeth, slightly convex between 
the second and third ; in this specimen the anterior margin 
of the third tooth forms almost a right angle with the 
lateral margin , in our specimen, however, a concave arcuate 
line. The postero-lateral margin is obtusely carinate ante- 
riorly, but this obtuse carina disappears backward and 
the posterior margin of the cephalothorax is almost as 
broad as the distance between the second antero-lateral 
teeth. The lower margin of the orbits (fig. Qa) is concave 
and entire, and terminates in an acute prominent tooth, which 
projects about as much forward as the external frontal 
teeth. The eyes, antennulae, antennae and epistorae are 
very much like in Geryon tridens. The second joint of the 
antennal peduncle is a little shorter than the basal joint 
and reaches alniost to the upper surface of the front; the 
third joint measures about two thirds of the length of the 
Notes from the Leyden ]Museiim , Vol. X^ll. 
72 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
second. The endostome is distinctly ridged. The merus- 
joint of the outer foot-jaws (fig. 6c) is as long 
as it is broad at base; its anterior margin as 
well as the anter o-ex ter nal angle is rounded 
and the external margin very slightly concave. 
The penultimate joint of the palp is only a little shorter 
than the terminal joint, and the exognath reaches almost 
to the rounded antero-external angle of the merus-joint. 
The pterygostomian regions, the sternum and the ab- 
domen are smooth and glabrous. The sternum is almost 
as long as broad and the two anterior segments are 
coalescent. The abdomen of the male (fig. (5d) resembles 
that of Geryon longipes A. Milne Edw. as regards its 
outer form ; it is seven-jointed , all the sutures being dis- 
tinct , but the third , fourth and fifth segments seem to 
be coalescent and immobile. The two first segments cover 
the whole width of the sternum between the bases of the 
fifth ambulatory legs ; they are less broad than the third 
segment , which is the broadest of all. The fourth , fifth 
and sixth segments are subequal in length , the lateral 
margins of the penultimate segment slightly convex. The 
form of the terminal segment differs a little in our spe- 
cimen and in that of the Berlin Museum. In our specimen 
it is broadly triangular, the length measuring only 
two thirds of the breadth at base; the lateral margins are 
very slightly concave and the posterior margin occupies 
exactly the anterior margin of the penultimate segment. 
In the specimen of Berlin the terminal segment is com- 
paratively less enlarged and more narrowed anteriorly, the 
lateral margins being more distinctly concave ; the length 
measures four fifths of the breadth at base , and the pos- 
terior margin is a little shorter than the anterior margin 
of the penultimate segment. 
The anterior legs are moderately robust and the right 
leg is a little larger than the left, as in the specimen of 
Herbst. The upper margin of the arms bears a very small 
spiniform tooth at some distance before the distal end ; 
Notes from tUe Leyden JMuseum, "Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 73 
the other margins are obtuse , rounded and unarmed. The 
upper surface of the wrist is somewhat uneven and presents 
a very acute spiniform tooth at the internal angle. 
The larger hand is two and a half times as long as 
high and the fingers are a little shorter than the palm, 
which is about a third longer than high. The outer surface of 
the palm is slightly concave above in a longitudinal direction, 
rather convex in the middle and at the rounded under 
margin ; the upper margin is rounded. The fingers are 
slightly compressed and have pointed crossed tips , the 
upper margin of the dactylus is arcuate , rounded and 
smooth; the inner margin is armed with ten or twelve 
teeth , of which the proximal one is somewhat larger than 
the others. The inner margin of the immobile finger presents 
nearly the same number of teeth , which also decrease in 
size towards the tip of the finger. 
The smaller hand resembles the larger, but the fingers 
are slightly longer than the palm. The anterior legs are 
smooth and glabrous. 
The ambulatory legs are slender and elongate. The legs 
of the third and fourth pair are equal in length and 
longer than those of the two other pairs ; the second pair is 
the shortest of all. Gerstaecker's description is inexact, 
when he says that the meropodites of the fourth and fifth 
legs have almost the same length and that the raeropodite 
of the third pair is the longest of all. The mero-, carpo- 
and propodites are strongly compressed laterally ; the slightly 
arcuate upper margin of the meropodites ends at the distal 
end in a small sharp tooth. The carpopodites and the 
propodites of the four pairs of ambulatory legs present, 
with regard to their length , the same proportions as the 
meropodites. The very slightly arcuate dactylopodites are 
compressed laterally and also in the antero-posterior direc- 
tion , and their upper or outer margin is slightly concave 
longitudinally. The ambulatory legs are apparently smooth 
and glabrous. 
Our specimen , like that of Berlin , is of a pale bone- 
JNotes irora the Hjeyden JVLuseuiu, Vol. XII. 
74 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
colour; the figure of Herbst is too dark, as is already 
observed by Gerstaecker. 
I give here the dimensions of the two specimens : 
Leyden. Berlin. 
Distance between the tips of the third 
antero-lateral teeth (= breadth of the 
cephalothorax) 90 mm. 99 mm. 
Distance between the tips of the first 
antero-lateral teeth (extraorbital teeth) SO^/g » 51 Vg » 
Distance between the tips of the first and 
of the second antero-lateral teeth . .15 » 15 » 
Distance between the tips of the second 
and of the third antero-lateral teeth .17 » 
Distance between the tips of the first 
and of the third antero-lateral teeth 
(= length of the antero-lateral margin) 31 » 
Length of the postero-lateral margin . 44 » 
Length of the posterior margin of the 
cephalothorax 64 » 
Length of the cephalothorax , without the 
median frontal teeth 70 » 76Vo » 
Distance between the tips of the inner sub- 
orbital tooth and the extraorbital tooth 12 » 11 » 
Distance between the tips of the external 
frontal teeth (breadth of the front) . 18 » IS^/g » 
Length of the sternum 52 » 
Breadth of the sternum 48 » 
Length of the terminal segment of the 
male abdomen 7'j 
» 
Breadth at base of the terminal segment 
of the male abdomen 12 » 10 » 
Length of the larger hand 69 » 
» » » palm of the larger hand 36 ^/g » 
Height » » » » » » » 27 » 
Length of the meropodites of the first 
right pair of ambulatory legs ... 49 » 50 » 
JS^otes from thio Leyden IMuseixiii, Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
75 
Leyden. Berlin. 
60 mm. 58 mm. 
61 
55 
58 
51' 
Length of the meropodites of the second 
right pair of ambulatory legs . 
Length of the meropodites of the third 
right pair of ambulatory legs . 
Length of the meropodites of the fourth 
right pair of ambulatory legs . 
As I already observed above , the two specimens do not 
fully agree with one another as regards the dimensions. 
Firstly in the Leyden specimen the distance between the 
extraorbital teeth is a little larger in proportion to the 
length of the cephalothorax and to the distance between 
the third antero-lateral teeth than in the specimen of 
Berlin. The ambulatory legs seem to be comparatively a 
little shorter in the specimen of Herbst than in that of 
Leyden and the meropodites of the last pair of legs are 
comparatively a little longer in proportion to those of the 
other legs in our specimen than in that of Herbst. 
Dr. Hilgendorf adds that the meropodites of the left 
legs of the Berlin specimen are all together one milli- 
metre shorter than those on the right side. 
The four species of the genus Geryon may be distin- 
guished as follows: 
Lateral margins with five teeth. Front exactly as broad 
as the orbits quinquedens Smith. 
Antero-lateral margins a little 
shorter than the postero- 
lateral and concave between 
the antero-lateral teeth 
=^ o S^ 
Co . u 
ÏH (i3 cu 
_g -M ^ 
CO -4^ O 
1—1 ;h 
.J2 
Antero-lateral margins 
slightly convex between the 
antero-lateral teeth, which 
are comparatively . 
tridens Kröyer. 
large: 
longipes A. M. Edw. ^) 
small: 
trispinosus Herbst. 
1) Victor Carus (Prodroraus Faunae Mediterraneae. Pars II, 1885, p. 522) 
quotes Geri/on longipes as identical with Geryon tridens. 
!N'otes froEu th.e Leyden JMuseuxa , ^ol. iXJLI. 
76 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
1 8 . Ma er o pht hal mus crassipes H. Milne Edw. 
(PI. 4, fig. 7—9). 
Macrophthahnus crassipes, H. Milne Edwards, in : Annales Sciences 
Naturelles, T. XVIII, 4852, p. 157. 
One male specimen from the Carolines. 
I will remark the following about this rare form , which 
is only known by the short diagnosis of Milne Edwards. 
I have before me a type specimen (cf) of Macr. crassipes 
M. Edw., received from the Paris Museum , a type specimen 
(cf) of Macr. dilatatus de Haan from Japan, and several 
specimens (rf and 9) of Macr. carinimanus Latr., on which 
I have published some remarks ten years ago (Notes from 
the Leyden Museum, Vol. II, 1880, p, 69). In that note 
I have compared Macr. carinimanus Latr. with Macr. dila- 
tatus de Haan and I now wish to indicate the differences 
between these two forms and Macr. crassipes. 
The cephalothorax of Macr. crassipes most closely 
resembles that of Macr. dilatatus , as regards its general 
form, the granulation of the upper surface, and the num- 
ber, form and direction of the antero-lateral teeth. I cannot , 
indeed , find any other difference than that the fissure between 
the external orbital angle or first antero-lateral tooth and 
the second tooth is a little narrower in Macr. crassipes. 
The eye-peduncles of Macr. crassipes reach as far as 
the external orbital angle , but are a little shorter in the 
species of de Haan and do not reach the extremity of the 
first antero-lateral tooth. The interregional grooves are 
equally developed in both species , and the granulation 
of the upper surface is also quite the same , two granular 
tubercles being observed on the postero-lateral sides. 
Both species fully agree with one another 
as regards the direction of the upper margin 
of the orbits, which is somewhat oblique, so 
that the extremity of the external orbital 
angle projects much less forward than the 
upper orbital margin. 
Notes from tlie Xjeydeu Museum, Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 77 
In both species the antero-lateral margins are armed 
with two teeth behind the acute external orbital angle , 
of which the anterior one is considerably larger than the third. 
Macr. crassipes and Macr. dilatatus may be distinguished 
at first sight by the dijBfererit structure of the hands of 
the male (and probably also of the hands of the female). 
The upper margin of the arms presents a few small sharp 
teeth in the middle , in both species , and in both forms 
the inner surface of the wrist is bispiuose, bearing namely 
one acute tooth at the inner angle of the upper surface 
and the other at the inner angle of the under surface. 
The hands much resemble one another as regards their 
general form (fig. 7 and 9). The fingers are shorter than 
the palm and deflexed in both forms. The outer sur- 
face of the palm (fig. 7) appears nearly smooth 
for the naked eye in Macr. crassipes', a fine gra- 
nulation however is observed covering the 
whole outer surface, when the latter is examined 
under a magnifying-glass , and these granules increase 
somewhat in size towards the articulation with the wrist. 
The upper margin of the palm is finely granulated. ^) In 
Macr. clilatatxis on the contrary the upper half of 
the outer surface of the palm (fig. 9) is 
strongly, though rather thinly, granula- 
ted, the granules are visible to the naked 
eye and they are separated by a trans- 
verse ridge of larger granules from the 
smooth and concave middle part of the 
outer surface; that concave part is bordered below 
by a granulated longitudinal ridge, which proceeds upon 
the immobile finger, and exists also in Macr. crassipes. 
The upper margin of the palm bears several prominent 
and sharp conical teeth in the species of de Haan. The 
]) In oar specimen from the Carolines (fig. Id) the fingers are a little more 
deflexed and leave, when closed, a somewhat wider hiatus between them than 
in the Paris type specimen (fig. 7). This slight difference may perhaps be ex- 
plained by the larger size of the Paris specimen. 
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuixi, Vol. XJI. 
78 CARCINOLOQICAL STUDIES. 
upper margin of the mobile finger of Macr. dila- 
tatus is straight and distinctly granulated; the inner 
margin has numerous very small teeth , but no large 
prominent one. The inner margin of the index presents 
also numerous very small teeth and no large one. In 
Macr. crassipes the dactylus is rather strongly 
arcuate and smooth, even at the upper mar- 
gin; the inner margin presents some small teeth, of which 
one quite at the base is a little larger. The immobile 
finger is armed with a prominent tooth in the 
middle of its inner margin , the tip of which tooth descends 
obliquely to the proximal end of the finger and perpendi- 
cularly to the distal end. The inner surface of the palm 
is armed in both species with a spine and densely covered 
with hairs, like the inner surface of the fingers. 
Macr. crassipes M. Edw. is also closely allied to Macr. 
carinimanus Latr. The cephalothorax of the latter differs from 
the cephalothorax of Macr. crasszpes especially by the less 
oblique direction of the upper orbital margins, 
so that the external orbital angle, which is directed 
obliquely outward, projects as much forward as the 
upper orbital margin, which is not the case in ilfacr. 
crassipes. The incision which separates the external orbital 
angle or first antero-lateral tooth from the second , is much 
narrower in Macr. crassipes than in the other. Both species 
resemble one another as regards the granulation and the 
structure of the upper surface, and two granulated eminences 
are observed on the postero-lateral sides in both forms. 
The hands of Macr. carinimanus (fig. 8) are however 
longer and more slender than those of Macr. crassipes , 
the palm being nearly four times as long as 
high in the former, but only about twice as 
long as high in the latter species. The proportion 
between the length of the palm and of the fingers is about 
the same in both forms. The outer surface of the palm is 
finely granular above and towards the articulation with the 
wrist , and presents below, near the lower margin, a strong 
Notes from tlae Leyden Miuseuxxi, "Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 79 
granulated crest, proceeding upon the immobile finger. The 
inner surface of the palm is armed with a spine in both 
species and hairy like the inner surface of the fingers. 
The latter are almost as strongly deflexed in Macr. carini- 
manus as in Macr. crassipes and agree much in both 
species; the basal tooth of the dactylus however is com- 
paratively a little broader, and the tooth of the index compara- 
tively a little smaller than in Macr. crassipes. The fingers 
of Macr. crassipes are also a little more slender and the 
dactylus is slightly more arcuate. 
The dimensions of our specimen of Macr. crassipes are : 
Distance between the external orbital angles 22 '/2 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax 10^4 » 
The cephalothorax of the Paris specimen of Macr. cras- 
sipes is almost 15 mm. long. 
The dimensions of two males of the two other species 
are as follows : 
Macr. Macr. 
carinimanus. dilatatus. 
Distance between the external orbital 
angles 2P|2 mm. 26^/3 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax . . . 972 » 12'74 » 
Macr. crassipes H. Milne Edw. has hitherto only been 
recorded from the coast of New Holland. 
19. M a c r p h t h a I m u s pacificus Dana. 
(PI. 4, fig. 10). 
Macrophthalmus pacificus, Dana, 1. c. p. 314, PI. XIX, fig. 4. 
Macrophthalmus bicarinatus, Heller, Novara-Reiae , p. 36, PI. IV, 
fig. 2. 
The Leyden collection contains four specimens of which 
the locality is unfortunately unknown, one male and three 
females, none of which is provided with eggs. The latter 
fact is remarkable , because the original specimens , described 
by Dana and Heller, were of a still smaller size. 
JN^otes from tlae Leyden M.u.seuiii, V^ol. XJl. 
80 CARCtNOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
The proportion of the greatest width of the cephalothorax 
to its length is in our specimens as 7:5. The upper surface 
is slightly convex longitudinally as well as trans- 
versely ; the gastric region is defined posteriorly by the 
distinct cervical suture , but laterally by shallow depressions 
of the upper surface. Similar depressions border the anterior 
branchial area posteriorly and also for a part the cardiac 
region. The upper surface appears smooth and shining to 
the naked eye ; when seen under a maguifying-glass of suffi- 
cient power, it appears however to be very minutely granular, 
especially on the branchial regions. The postero-lateral sides 
of the upper surface are marked with two minutely 
granulated, pubescent, longitudinal lines, 
which run parallel with each other, not far from the postero- 
lateral margins ; a third , minutely granulated and pubescent, 
though much shorter line runs, on each side of the upper 
surface , in an oblique direction , close to and nearly parallel 
with the posterior margin of the cephalothorax, immediately 
above the insertion of the last pair of legs ; finally, a fourth , 
somewhat arcuate line is seen immediately in front of 
the two described longitudinal lines , proceeding, for a short 
distance, transversely from the third tooth of the lateral 
margins. The front is obliquely deflexed and shows a 
longitudinal groove in the middle; it is rather narrow and 
its breadth measures not quite one sixth of the distance 
between the external orbital angles. The anterior margin 
of the front is very slightly arcuate. The lateral margins 
of the cephalothorax are sinuous, their anterior half being 
slightly convex, their posterior portion appearing slightly 
concave immediately behind the third lateral tooth. The 
anterior half of the lateral margins presents two incisions, 
the first of which is much larger and deeper than the 
second. The first antero-lateral lobe has an obtuse or 
sometimes even rounded external angle, which is the 
external one of the orbits, towards which the upper 
margin of the latter slightly rises upward. The second 
lobe of the lateral margins is almost twice as long as the 
Notes from the Leyden ]Museuoi, Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES, 81 
first , and projects more laterally , because , as I have said , 
the anterior half of the lateral margins runs slightly outward 
instead of inward. The third antero-lateral tooth is very 
small , acute and dentiform. The eye-peduucles measure 
about a third of the greatest width of the cephalothorax 
and scarcely reach to the external orbital angle. The in- 
ferior margin of the orbits is delicately crenu- 
late both in the male and in the female. 
The anterior legs of the male are of equal size. The 
upper margin and the external margin of the triquetrous 
arms are finely denticulate and the external surface is 
minutely granular. The under surface of the arms is thickly 
clothed with a patch of hair. The wrist has the upper 
surface smooth for the naked eye. The hands (fig. 10) 
are quite as long as the length of the cephalothorax and 
appear to be smooth , but their outer surface proves to be 
very minutely granular , when seen under a magnifying-glass 
of strong power. The upper margin as well as the under 
margin of the palm are obtuse, no longitudinal crest exists 
on the outer surface close to the under margin and the 
inner surface, which is unarmed , is thickly clothed with 
hair on its distal half and at the base of the fingers. The 
fingers measure almost two thirds of the length of the 
palm. The lower margin of the immobile finger forms a 
continuous straight line with the lower margin of the 
palm , the index being not at all deflexed. The outer surface 
of the immobile finger is flattened at the base and presents a 
minutely granulated , longitudinal line which proceeds near 
the lower margin to the end of the finger; the inner 
margin is armed with a row of fifteen or sixteen small 
teeth, of which three or four, which lie in the middle of 
the row, are a little larger than the others. The mobile 
finger appears also minutely granular, especially on the 
upper margin, under a magnifying-glass; the inner mar- 
gin is, ioitnediately before the middle, armed with a 
rather broad, prominent tooth, the inner margin 
of which presents six or seven denticles and just before 
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XII. 
6 
82 CARCINOLOGTCAL STUDIES. 
the lioruy , spoonlike excavated tip the inner margin of 
this finger is armed moreover with five or six very small 
teeth , which are smaller than the opposite teeth of the 
index. The excavated tips of the fingers have horny mar- 
gins and are somewhat hairy. 
The upper margin and the infero-internal margin of 
the arms of the anterior legs of the female are clothed 
with rather long hairs, but their under surface is quite 
glabrous , smooth , without a patch of hair. The inner 
margin of the wrist is also hairy. The hands measure 
scarcely two thirds of the length of the carapace , they are 
much smaller than those of the male and have a different 
form. The fingers are namely quite as long as the palm, 
the outer surface of which is minutely granular. The upper 
margin of the palm presents a longitudinal row of small 
granules ; a granulated ridge proceeds on the outer surface 
of the palm close to and parallel with the under margin 
and is continued as a smooth ridge on the immobile finger 
to the tip. Immediately below this ridge the lower margin 
of the index is longitudinally sulcate. The upper margin 
of the dactylus is also longitudinally grooved. The outer 
surface of the fingers appears smooth, the dactylus has no 
denticulated lobe before the middle , but both fingers are 
armed with a few very small teeth , which are slightly more 
distinct on the lower than on the upper finger. The inner 
margins of the fingers are hairy along their distal half. 
The smooth inner surface of the palm does not present 
the patch of hair , which exists in the male. 
The meropodites of the other legs are pubescent along 
their upper margin and armed with a spiniform tooth a 
little before the distal end ; for the rest these legs have 
the form and structure , proper to allied species. 
The two largest individuals have the following dimen- 
sions : 
d 9 
Distance between the external orbital 
angles 13^3 mm. 1 5^/3 mm. 
Notes from tlie Leyden MLu.seu.tn , "Vol. !X1II. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 83 
Greatest width of the cephalothorax , 
immediately before the second in- 
cision 15 mm. 17^/2 mm. 
Length of the cephalothorax . . . 10^/4 » I2V3 » 
Macrophthalmus hicarinatus Heller from the Nicobar Islands 
is, in my opinion, identical with Macr. paa[/icMs Dana, the 
only difference being the presence of the two granulated 
lines on the postero-lateral sides of the upper surface of 
the cephalothorax , which are not described by Dana. We 
must, however, consider that Dana's specimen was very 
small and that a slight pubescence is distinctly seen on 
his figure 4 a, so that I suppose that the pubescent lines 
were indeed also present in the original specimen of the 
american author. Heller's figure of Macr. hicarinatus is bad ,• 
the cephalothorax being figured too narrow. Our species 
is most closely allied to Macr. tomentosus Eyd. & Soul, and I 
at first thought our specimens to be young iudividuals of that 
species of which an adult male from the Mergui Archipelago 
lies before me. The species of Eydoux and Souleyet presents 
indeed almost the same form of the cephalothorax , but 
nearly the whole upper surface is distinctly 
granulated, the immobile finger of the hands 
of the male is slightly de flexed and the inner 
margin of this finger is armed with a strong 
tooth a little before the middle, whereas the 
tooth of the dactylus is much smaller and 
placed close to the articulation. 
20. My c t ir i s longicarpus Latr. 
Myctiris longicarpus, Milne Edwards, in : Annales Sciences naturelles, 
Tome XVIII, 1852, p. 154. 
Myctiris dejiexifrons , de flaan , Fauna Japonica , Crustacea , p. 25 
(sine descriptione). 
Two specimens, locality unknown. 
!N'otes from. th.e Lieyden AXuseum , Vol. ^XU. 
84 CARCTNOLOGFCAL STUDIES. 
The cephalothorax of the larger specimen has a length 
of 25 ram., so that this individual may be considered to be 
adult. The wrist of the anterior legs presents a longitudinal 
groove on its upper surface, which is situated close to 
the internal margin. The fingers are about twice as long 
as the horizontal length of the palm , the dactylus is armed 
with a triangular obtuse tooth near the articulation with 
the palm , and the inner margin of the index is granular 
along its proximal half. The upper and lower margins of 
the hand are carinate and two other divergent crests, 
prolonged to the tips of the fingers, are observed on the 
outer surface of the palm. 
21. Leptograpsus An s o ni H. Milne Edw. 
Leplograpsus Ansoni, H. Milne Edwards, Annales Sciences Naturelles, 
3e Série, T. XX, 1853, p. 172. 
Mr. Kingsley in his „Synopsis of the Grapsidae" (Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia , 1880, p. 197) regards 
this species as identical Avith the common indo-pacific 
Leptogr. variegatus Fabr. The author considers moreover 
Leptogr. planifrons Dana and even all the tridentate 
Leptograpsi of Milne Edwards, as synonyms of the same 
species. Now the Leyden Collection contains two specimens 
(cTi 9) from Valparaiso , which difier from a typical male 
specimen of Leptogr. variegatus M. Edw. , kindly sent to 
me by Prof. Milne Edwards , and collected at the Marque- 
sas, firstly by a slightly more quadrate carapace, 
of which the external orbital angles are a 
little more distant from one another in pro- 
portion to the greatest width of the cephalo- 
thorax, so that the latter appears a little broader 
anteriorly with less arcuate lateral margins ; secondly b y t h e 
somewhat more slender shape of the ambula- 
tory legs, the joints of which are a little less 
enlarged. I, for that reason, suppose our specimens to 
Notes from the Leyden IVIuseum, "Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 85 
belong to a different species and I think they belong to 
Leptogr. Ansoni H. Milne Edw., which inhabits the island of 
Juan Fernandez. For the rest our specimens seem to agree 
fully with Leptogr. variegatus. I cannot say whether the 
hands are less tuberculate or not, because the male indi- 
vidual is a young one and the other a female. 
Leptogr. planifrons Dana is also distinct, as I suppose, 
the cephalothorax appearing on the figure of this species 
(Dana, PI. XXI, fig. 3) even still slightly narrower ante- 
riorly than in the type specimen of variegatus and the 
ambulatory legs appear much less slender than in our 
Valparaiso specimens. This species, however, may prove to 
be identical with I^eptogr. Gayi M, Edw., or perhaps 
with Leptogr. variegatus, which is recorded by Miers from 
Valparaiso. (Miers, Report on the Brachyura of the Chal- 
lenger Expedition , p. 257). 
N°. 1. N°. 2. N°. 3. 
Dimensions: (ƒ 9 cT 
Greatest width of the cepha- 
lothorax 33 mm. 44^3 mm. 44^/3 mm. 
Distance between the exter- 
nal orbital angles . 
Breadth of the front, imme- 
diately before the external 
postfrontal lobes . 
Length of the cephalothorax 
Length of the meropodites of 
the antepenultimate pair 
Breadth of the meropodites 
of the antepenultimate pair 9^/4 » 11 '/g » I3V4 » 
N°. 1 and N°. 2 are the two specimens oi Leptogr. Ansoni 
M. Edw. , N°. 3 the Paris specimen of Leptogr. variegatus 
(Fabr.) M. Edw. 
Notes from the Leyden M^useum , Vol. XII. 
86 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
Only by the examination of a large number of speci- 
mens from the Chilian Seas this question can be resolved. 
22. P achy grap sus crassipes Randall. 
(PI. 5, fig. 11). 
Pachygrapsus crasnpes , Randall , Journal of the Academy of Na- 
tural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vol. VIII, 1839, p. 127. 
Pachygrapsus crassipes, Kingsley, in: Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences 
of Philadelphia, 1880, p. 199. 
? Leplograpsus gonagrus , H. Milne Edwards , Annales Sciences 
Naturelles, T. XX, 1853, p. 173. 
Two specimens, a male and an ova-bearing female, 
collected by Mr. A. Forrer in the Gulf of California. 
The cephalothorax of this species is somewhat broader 
than long, the proportion of the greatest width to the length 
being as 6:5. The distance between the external orbital 
angles is nearly exactly as long as the length of the cephalo- 
thorax. The upper surface is somewhat convex anteriorly 
as well as transversely. The cervical suture, bordering 
the gastric region posteriorly , is distinctly developed , 
and shallow depressions define the cardiac and intestinal 
regions; a shallow groove proceeds in an oblique direction 
from the base of the epibranchial teeth to the transverse 
groove which separates the gastric and cardiac regions , bat 
does not quite reach that groove. In front of this oblique 
groove another oblique and shallow depression is observed , 
bordering the gastric region laterally. In the male the 
front is exactly half as broad as the greatest width of 
the cephalothorax, in the female a little broader; the front 
is obliquely inclined and its lateral margins diverge slightly 
backwards. It is rather prominent, the delicately granu- 
lated anterior margin is straight in the middle, but 
slightly emarginate towards the lateral an- 
gles, which appear obtusely dentiform, though 
projecting not so far forward as the straight middle part of 
the margin. The four postfrontal lobes are prominent, 
tube rculi form, the two internal ones a little broader 
PS'otes from the Leyden IMuseum , Vol. XII. 
CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 87 
than the external and separated from one another by a 
longitudinal furrow with nearly parallel margins , issuing 
into the mesogastric area; the external lobes are separated 
from the internal ones by shorter and less deep grooves. 
The whole upper surface, with the exception of the cardiac 
and intestinal regions , is marked with a large number of 
elevated lines , which on the gastric region have a transverse , 
and on the branchial regions a somewhat oblique direction. 
Similar lines exist also on the postfrontal lobes, where they 
are more prominent; the upper surface of the front is 
marked with a few small transverse granules. For the rest 
the upper surface of the cephalothorax is smooth and gla- 
brous. The lateral margins are arcuate and convex, 
and armed anteriorly with two stout and acute 
teeth, the anterior of which is larger than the posterior 
and forms the outer orbital angle. 
The inferior orbital margin is minutely denticulate along 
its whole length and presents a narrow hiatus , fissure or 
emargination at the base of the external orbital tooth. 
The inner suborbital lobe is very small and triangular. 
The basal joint of the outer antennae is strongly produced 
at its antero-external angle , which is obtuse or rounded 
and reaches as far as the inner suborbital lobe. The epistome 
is very short. The merus-joint of the widely gaping outer 
foot-jaws is as long as broad ; the antero-internal angle of 
it is much produced. 
The sides of the under surface of the cephalothorax are 
marked with oblique elevated lines; the pterygostomian 
regions present a few minutely granulated , short lines and 
are slightly pubescent. 
The anterior legs of the male specimen are large, 
stout and equal. The anterior margin of the slightly con- 
cave inner surface of the arm is produced , distally trun- 
cate and dentate; the inner and the external sides are 
transversely rugose. This is also the case with the upper 
surface of the wrist, which is armed with a short acute 
tooth at the inner angle. The hands are quite as long as 
Notes trom tlie Leyden JVXuseum, Vol. XJ.I. 
88 CARCINOLOGICAL STUDIES. 
the length of the cephalothorax. The palm is once and a 
half as long as the horizontal length of the fingers and 
as long as high; the outer surface is convex and per- 
fectly smooth, presenting only a faint longitudinal line 
on the lower part , which proceeds somewhat obliquely 
from the articulation of the wrist to the tip of the im- 
mobile finger. The upper surface ofthepalmis margined 
above and the inner surface presents a few oblique rugose 
lines immediately below that margin. The upper margin of 
the dactylus is somewhat rugose at the base , for the rest 
the fingers are quite smooth ; their tips are excavated 
and the inner margins feebly denticulated. Mucli smaller 
are the hands of the female, measuring only about two 
thirds of the length of the carapace; the fingers are as 
long as the palm and the latter is marked with some obli- 
que rugose lines below near the articulation of the wrist. 
The ambulatory legs are short and stout. The meropo- 
dites of the last pair of legs have the distal 
angle of their inferior margin rounded; those 
of the penultimate pair present slight traces of two or three 
teeth ; these small teeth , finally, are rather distinct at the 
distal angle of the inferior margin of the meropodites of 
the two anterior pairs. I may add that the meropodite of 
the right leg of the last pair in our male specimen shows 
faint traces of two teeth, which I have figured, whereas 
this limb is rounded on the left side. The dactylopodites 
are short , stout and spiniferous. The legs are nearly gla- 
brous , only a few rows of short hairs being observed on 
the upper and lower surfaces of the carpopodites and pro- 
podites. The upper surface of the carapace is marked , on 
a violet-reddish ground-colour , with yellowish spots and 
lines , especially on the branchial , mesogastric , cardiac and 
intestinal regions. The anterior legs present a reddish ground- 
colour above , and are marked with yellow ; the hands have 
a yellow outer surface, showing reddish reticulate lines on 
its upper part. The ambulatory legs present yellow mar- 
kings on a reddish-violet ground-colour. 
Notes from the Leyden ]\Iu.seura , Vol. X^II.