ANNALS OF NATURAL HISTORY. I. — On Scrophularia aquatica of Linnaeus and Ehrhart. By Charles Abbot Stevens, Esq., B.A., F.B.S.E.* [With a Plate.] An examination, through the kindness of Professor Don, of the specimens of Scrophularim in the Linnaean and Smithian Her- baria has confirmed a suspicion I have for some time had, that under the name of S, aquatica two distinct species have been confounded by botanists : one, the original S, aquatica of Lin- naeus ; the other the S. aquatica of Ehrhart^s ^ Plantae Offici- nales/ Thus in his ' English Flora,' Sir J. E. Smith has com- bined the characters of the two under that name ; his diagnosis, which is merely a translation from that in Linn. ^ Sp. PL', be- longing to the former plant, while to the latter his description principally refers, — not entirely, as some of the characters of S. aquatica, Linn, are mixed up in it. The fact of there being a specimen of each of the two species on the same paper in his Herbarium will account for the description having been thus drawn up from their combined characters, as he evidently considered the two as one species, and identical with S, aqua- tica, Linn. By several German authors the plant of Ehrhart is described under the name of /S. aquatica, while the true >S^. aquatica, Linn, is described as another species under the name of S, Balbisii, It seems not improbable that the combination into one of the two species by the late possessor of the Linnaean Herbarium may, for the very reason of that possession, have been the cause of their mistake. The inspection during the last season of a great number of specimens, amounting to not less than several hundred, of S. aquatica, Linn, afforded me no instance of any variation in the integrity of the staminodium ; nor have I ever seen any specimen at all approaching ;S^. aquatica, Ehrh. in the inflo- rescence or in general habit. There can, I imagine, be na * Read to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Feb. 13, 1840. Ann, Nat, Hist, Vol. 5. No. 38. March 1840. b 2 Mr. C. A. Stevens on Scrophularia aquatica. doubt of their distinctness. Roots are, I understand, in the possession of an eminent British botanist, who, by cultivation thereof, will doubtless be enabled shortly to determine the point beyond dispute. In the mean time it may be useful to give the respective characters of the two plants. They are as follow : 1. S. aquatica, Linn. Foliis cordato-ovatis rotundato-obtusis cre- nato-serratis, inferioribus auriculatis, caule petiolisque alatis, panicula terminali, cymis lateralibus corymbosis multi-(8 — 15)- floris, laciniis calycinis subrotundis margine late scariosis, sta- minodio subrotundo-reniformi integro, capsula ovata subacuta. Betonica aquatica, Dalech. Hist. 1356. Ger. Em. 715. f. S. radice fibrosa, Moris. Oxon. ii. 482. s. 5. t. 8. f. 4. S. aquatica major, Raii Hist. 764. S. foliis conjugatis, &c.. Hall. Helv. 618. Boehm. Lips. QQ. n. 150. S. aquatica, Linn. Herb. Sp. PL 864". Curt. Fl. Lond, v. t. 44. Engl. Bot. t. 854. Krock. Fl. Siles. ii. 393. Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 196. Sm. Fl. Brit. 663. Hook. Fl. Scot. 189. Grev. Fl.Edin. 137. Sm. E. Fl. iii. 139. (diagn. only). Sm.Herb. n. 2. With Bot. Arr. (ed. 7.) iii. 738. Hook. Br. Fl. (ed. 4.) 239. *Sebast, et Mauri Fl. Rom. 205. *PollinusFl. Veron. 325. S. scorodonia (aquatica ? Sm. not.) Linn. Herb, (without ref. to Sp.Pl.) S. Balbisii, "Hornem. FL Hafn. ii. 577." Bluff et Fingerh. (ed. 2.) i. p. 2. 389. Koch. Syn. 515. ''Guss. Fl. Sic. Prodr. ii. 172. Hab. Cambridgeshire, very common, Mr. H. Baber. Shropshire, common, Mr. W. A. Leighton. Very common in ditches and damp places in Kent, and probably general throughout England. Perennial, July — September. Root fibrous. Stem erect, from 2 — 8 feet high, branched below, mostly simple above, square, winged at the angles. Leaves ovate-oblong or elliptical, cordate at the base, very ob- tuse, uppermost occasionally subacute, the lower ones with one or a pair of variously shaped stalked or sessile accessorial leaflets, smooth or downy beneath, doubly-, the upper ones most simply-, crenate. Petioles winged, channelled, decurrent. Panicle of many distant, mostly opposite, dichotomous, many flowered, compact, corymbose cymes. Peduncles and pedicels glandulose. Bracts linear obtuse, rarely (as in the specimen in the Linnaean Herbarium, which is, however, apparently * For these references I am indebted to Mr. C. C. Babington. Mr. Templeton on the Fungi of the^Nort/i 0/ Ireland, 3 of garden growth), developed into lanceolate acute leaves. Sterile filament rotundato-reniform, entire. Sepals with a broad membranous margin, torn at the edges. Capsules ovate, more or less acute. 2. S. Ehrharti. Foliis ovato-lanceolatisve basi subcordatis acutis serratis, caule petiolisque alatis, panicula terminali, cymis late- ralibus laxis pauci-(4 — 6)-floris, laciniis calycinis subrotundis margine late scariosis, staminodio bifido laciniis divaricatis, cap- sula globosa obtusissima. S. aquatica, Ehrh. PL Off. n. 156. Sm. Herh. n. 1. FL Dan. t. 507. Kunthy FL BeroL ii. 60. Bluff et Fingerh. 1. c. Rchb, FL excurs. Ti. 2^Q2. Koch, Syn. 515. "^Peterm.FL Lips. 459. *Host. FL Austr. ii. 203. *Wimm. et Grab. FL Siles. ii. 226. Hab. Edinburgh, Mr. W. H. Campbell-, Cramond Woods, West Lothian, Dr. A. Hunter. It has also, I believe, been found near Primrose Hill by Mr. J. D. C. Sowerby. Perennial Root fibrous. Stem erect, 2 — ? feet high,^ simple, square, winged at the angles. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, slightly cordate at the base, acute, simply and finely serrate. Panicle of many, mostly alternate, dichotomous few-flowered cymes. Peduncles and pedicels divaricating, slightly glandu- lose. Bracts foliaceous lanceolate acute, simple or tripartite, in which latter case the segments are lanceolate. Sterile fila- ment obreniform, bifid, the lobes divaricating. Sepals with a broad torn membranous margin. Capsule globose, very obtuse. REFERENCES TO PLATE I. fig. L a a. Single cymes of the two Plants. b b. Staminodia of ditto. c c. Margins of leaves of ditto. II. — Catalogue of the Species of Fungi obtained in the North of Ireland, by John Templeton, Esq., of Cranmore, Belfast. By Thomas Taylor, M.D., M.R.I.A., F.L.S. Dunkerron, Kenmare, 12th March 1839. The following Catalogue of Fungi collected by the late Mr. John Templeton in the vicinity of Belfast, is drawn up from drawings and specimens left by him, and which Mrs. Templeton placed in my hands, with a desire that I should carefully ascertain the species and their modern names with a view to * For these references I am indebted to Mr. C. C. Babington. b2 4 Dr. T. Taylor on the Fungi collected publication. I have bestowed upon them my best attention ; and yet the list is deficient by a few of the drawings whose counterparts I have not yet met with in nature, and by a very few of the specimens from whose imperfect state no satisfac- tory conclusions could be drawn. Still I cannot but admire the industry and talents of one who, at least equally successful in all the other departments of zoology and of botany, dis- played so intimate a knowledge of plants difficult of investi- gation, at least before the termination of the last century, when the greater part of his collection was already made. Thos. Taylor. collinitus, Sow. fastibilis, Pers. flavidus, Schcsff. scaber, Mull. geophyllus, Bull. tener, Schoeff. involuttis, Batsch. variabilis, Pers. Georgii, With. campestris, L. semiglobatus, Batsch, 1. Agaricus, Linn. vaginatus, Batsch. muscarius, L. clypeolarius, Bull. cristatus, Bolt. eburneus, Bull. rutilans, Schoeff. multiformis, Schoeff. personatus, Fr. "• alutaceus, Pers. emeticus, Schoeff. cilicioides, Fr. zonarius, With. giganteus, Sow. nebularis, Batsch. pratensis, Pers. puniceus, Fr. coccineus, Wulf. laccatus. Scop. pelianthinus, Fr. butyraceus, Bull. compressus, Sow. confluens, Pers. Clavus, Bull. Rotula, Scop. androsaceus, L. caulicinalis, Bull. galericuiatus, Scop. purus, Pers. corticola. Bull. stellatus, Fr. umbelliferus, L. fragrans, Sow. flabelliformis. Bolt. applicatus, Batsch. fertilis, Pers. pascuus, Pers. evernius, Fr. gentilis, Fr. $ublanatus, Sow. bulbosus. Sow. scamrus, Fr. aureus, Bull. squarrosus, Miill. mutabilis, Schoeff. 5. Boletus, Dill. luteus, L. bovinus, L. piperatus, Bull. subtomentosus, L. edulis, Bull. fascicularis, Huds. semiovatus, Sow. Boltoni, Pers. disseminatus, Pers. atramentarius, Bull. micaceus, Bull. cinnamomeus, L. personatus, Fr. fragilis, Batsch. dilutus, Pers. cohaerens, Pers. cyathiformis, Bull. chalybeus, Pers. Bulliardii, Temp. 2. Canthakellus, ^'mans, Wulf. 4. PoLYPORUS, ilficA. lentus. Berk. squamosus, Huds. perennis, L. giganteus, Pers. versicolor, L. pallescens, Fr. radiatus. Sow. medulla panis, Jacq. ferruginosus, Schrad. 6. FiSTULlNA, hepatica. With. 7. Hydnum, Linn. repandum, L. 8. Thelephora, Ehrh. epidermea, Pers. ccerulea, Schrad. aurantiaca. Sow. calcea, Pers. purpurea, Pers. rubiginosa, Schrad. hirsuta, Willd. laciniata, Pers. 9. Clavaria, VaiU. coralloides, L. rugosa. Bull. pistillaris, L, vermicularis. Sow. tuberosa, Sow. cornea, Batsch. insequalis, Miill. pratensis, Pers. 10. Geoglossum, Pers. glabrum, Pers. 11. Mitrula, Fr. paludosa, Fr. 12. Typhula, Fr. erythropus, Fr. 13. PiSTILLARIA, Fr. puberula. Berk. in the K of Ireland by Mr, Templeton. 14. HELVELiiA, Linn. lacunosa, Afz. 15. Leotia, Hill. lubrica, Scop. 16. Peziza, Dill vesiculosa, BulL humosa, Fr. coccinea, Jacq, brunnea, Aib. &[ Schw. scutellata, L. stercorea, Pers. virginea, Batsch. calycina, Schum, inflexa, Bolt. Calycvdus, Sow. citrina, Hedw. lenticularis, Bull. cinerea, Batsch. acicularis, Bull. aurantia, Pers. aquatica, DeCand. cochleata, Bull. lycoperdioides, DeCand. nivea, Hedw.fil. villosa, Pers. papillata, Pers. 17. Bulgaria, Fr. sarcoides, Jacq. 18. Tremella, Dill. mesenterica, Retz. albida, Smith. sarcoides, With. difFormis, With. 19. Dacrymycks, Nees. stillatus, Nees. 20. ScLEROTiuM, Tode. complanatum, Tode. durum, Pers. 21. NiDULARIA, Bull. Crucibulum, Pers. 22. Sph^robolus, Tode. stellatus, Tode. 23. PiLOBOLus, Tode. crystallinus, Tode. 24. Sph^ria, Hall. militaris, L. Hypoxyloii, L. carpophila, Pers. fragiformis, Pers. fusca, Pers. stigma, Hoffm. disciformis, Hoffm. flavo-virens, Hoffm. coccinea, Pers. aurantia, Pers. byssiseda, Tode. moriformis, Tode. Pulvis pyrius, Pers. ocellata, Fr. Tiliae, Pers. Gnomon, Tode. punctiformis, Pers. iEgopodii, Pers. Vaccinii, Sow. Taxi, Sow. rimosa, Sow. Ilicis, Schleich. lanciformis, Fr. spermoides, Hoffm. acuta, Hoffm. serpens, Pers. 25. DoTHiDEA, Fr. typhina, Pers. Geranii, Fr. 26. Rhytisma, Fr. Acerinum, Pers. 27. Phacidium, Fr. 28. Hysterium, Tode. pulicare, Pers. Fraxini, Pers. eonigenum, Mong. et N. Rubi, Pers. Pinastri, Schrad. Juniperi, Grev. 29. BovisTA, Dill. nigrescens, Pers. 30« Lycoperdon, Toum. cselatum, Bull. 31. Elaphomyces, Nees. granulatus, Alb. et Schw. 32. iETHALiUM, LinJk. septicum, L. 33. Spumaria, Pers. alba, Bull. 34. DiDYMiuM, Schrad. physaroides, Pers. 35. Physarum, Pers. sinuosum, BtiU. 36 Craterium, Trent epohl minutum, Leers. 37. Stemonitis, Oled. fusca, Roth. ovata, Pers. typhina, Pers. 38. DiCTYDiUM, Schrad. umbilicatum. 39. Arcyria, Hill. incarnata, Pers. iiutans, Bull. 40. Trichia, Hatt. chrysosperma, DeCand. varia, Pers. 41. Perichjena, Fr. populina, Fr. 42. LiCEA, Schrad. cylindrica, Fr. fragariformis, Nees. 43. Onygena, Pers. equina, Pers. 44. Stilbum, Tode. vulgare, Tode. bicolor, Pers. 45. MucoR, Mich. caninus, Pers. Mucedo, L. 46. EuROTiUM, Link. Herbariorum, Lk. 47. Cladosporium, Z/i/i/f. Herbarura, LL 48. Dematium, Pers. ciliare, Pers. 49. Aspergillus, Mich. glaucus, L&. 50. Stachyhdium, Li. diffusum, Fr. 51. Ceratium, Alb, et S, hydnoides. Alb. et S. 52. BoTRYTis, Mich. vera, Fr, 53, MoNTLiA, Hill. racemosa, Pers. 54. FusARiUM, Lk. tremelloides, Grev. 55. Aregma, Fr. bulbosum, Fr. mucronatum, Fr. 56. PODISOMA, Lk. Juniperi Sabinae, Pr. Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland. 57. PucciNiA, Pers. Gramitiis, Pers. Epilobii, DeCand. 58. iEciDiuM, Pers. Grossulariae, DeCand. 59. HiMANTiA, Pers. Candida, Pers. 60. Ukedo, Pers. Segetum, Pers. Caries, DeCand. Labiatarum, DeCand. Senecionis, Schlecht. Violarum, DeCand. Rubonun, DeCand. Leguminosarum, Lk. Candida, Pers. Lini, DeCand. Rubigo, DeCand. III. — Additions to the Fauna of Ireland, By W. Thompson, Esq., V. Pres. of the Natural History Society of Belfast. Mammalia. Delphinus melas, Traill. This species is stated by Robert Ball, Esq. of Dublin, to be occasionally driven ashore in large herds on the southern coast of Ireland, and to be of frequent occurrence in the month of June at Youghal. Here a herd of seventy-five came ashore a few years ago, of which the average size was from 11 to 1 8 feet, but one individual had attained to 22 feet in length. When visiting the South Islands of Arran (off the coast of Clare) in June 1834, accompanied by Mr. Ball, a portion of the skeleton of a D, melas was found by us on the beach. On this gentleman revisiting the same islands in the following summer, he saw the remains of a herd of these animals lying where they had perished : the inhabit- ants speak of them as common. AVES. SoMATERiA sPECTABiLis, Lcach. King-Eider. A female speci- men of this rare British bird was shot in Kingstown harbour near Dublin about the 1st of Oct. 1837, and a few hours afterwards came into the possession of Mr. R. Ball. When first seen it was accom- panied by two others. Lestris Richardsonii, Swains. Richardson's Skua. An adult Lestris shot at Malahide, county of Dublin, in September 1837, and in the collection of Dr. Farren of Feltrim, exhibits characters much in unison with what are considered to be two species, the Lest. Richardsonii, and the Stercorarius cepphus, Leach, (Fauna Bor.-Amer. vol. ii. p. 432.) agreeing with the latter in dimensions, and with the former in colouring. At the same time it in size approaches the X. Richardsonii as described by Jenyns (Man. Brit. Vert. Anim. p. 282.) as nearly as his does the original description in the ' Fauna Bor.-Amer.' (vol. ii. p. 433). The following table contains the com- parative measurements :— Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland, 7 Lesi.Richardsonu, L. Richardsonii, Stercorarius cepphus, Lestris, Irish. Swainson. Jenyns. Leach. specimen, in. lin. in. lin. in. lin. in. lin. Length, total 22 8 21 19 19 9 l^IlSittrT:} >5 « '« 1« IS ' ofwing 13 6 13 13 12 6 ofbillabove 1 1 1 2^ 1 2 1 3* of billto rictus . 110 1 9i 2 110 of tarsus 1 10 1 9 1 8 1 9 "^dlr!'.'!!.!!!} > '4 » «* • « » n Two longest tail feathers very much acuminated, the others in- creasing gradually in length from sides to centre, those next in length to the two central ones exceeding the outer feathers by one inch; breadth of bill at base 6 lines. Top of head, back, upper surface of wings and tail blackish brown, varying in some places to blackish ; entire under surface likewise dark- coloured, except the tail feathers which show a little white beneath ; patch from the eye downwards pale straw colour. This colouring is in accordance with that of the L. Richardsonii of Fauna B. A. Mr. Jenyns remarks that the species is subject to consider- able variation of colour in the adult state : — his description of its plumage accords tolerably well with that of S. cepphus. I should have set down the Irish Lestris simply as a small indi- vidual of L. Richardsonii, had not its general accordance with S, cep- phus at the same time suggested whether it might not as well be considered this bird, and consequently whether these terms apply to two really distinct species. An examination of specimens would at once decide the question f. Anser ferus, Steph. Wild Goose. In the collection of R. Ball, Esq. there is a specimen of this goose purchased by him in Dublin market early in the winter of 1 837, and which was stated to have been shot in this country ; two others of this species were exposed for sale at the same time. Judging from its small size, the specimen is a fe- male : it displays the blackish markings disposed irregularly over the lower part of the breast and the belly, which Temminck consi- ders indicative of very old individuals of both sexes (Man. d'Orn. I'Eur. t. 2. p. 819.). These markings have generally been unnoticed * Following the curve ; the others may have been measured in a straight line. t Since the above was written the 4th part of Temminck's * Manuel' has been published, and here -5*. cepphus appears as a synonym of L. parasiticus (p. 502.). The description ot' S. cepphus would indeed seem about equally applicable to a small L. Richardsonii or a large L. parasiticus. 8 Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland. in the descriptions of the species. This is the first Irish specimen of the true Wild Goose or Grey Lag, that I have seen, the Bean Goose being in this country, as in England and Scotland, the common spe- cies, and with the White-fronted, to be seen in our markets every winter. Anserferus is the scientific appellation bestowed on the wild-goose noticed in some of our county histories, but as it there appears to the exclusion of the two more common species just named and has not a place in Mr. Templeton's catalogue of Irish Birds, I introduce it here. At the same time there is little doubt that the true A.ferus is the species alluded to in Rutty's * Natural History of Dublin' as the "larger sort which stays and breeds here, particu- larly in the bog of Allen," vol. i. p. 333 ; similar allusions to it ap- pear in one or two other county histories. Mr. Jenyns considers it " highly improbable" that the domestic goose has been derived from this species. (Manual, p. 222.) After a careful comparison of the individual under consideration with the domestic species, I cannot perceive any difference except in the su- perior size of the latter, the result I presume of domestication. The form of the bill in the A.ferus is quite identical with that of the tame goose, and at once distinguishes it from A. segetum and A. al- bifrons*. Reptilia. Chelonia Caouana, Schweigger. Testudo caretta, Linn. Loggerhead Turtle, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. iii. p. 85, pi. 23. To the kindness of H. H. Dombrain, Esq. of Dublin, I owe the op- portunity of examining a turtle of this species hitherto unnoticed on the British shores, which was obtained on the coast of Donegal in May 1838, and soon afterwards came into his possession. The spe- cimen, about a foot in length, was taken by a man engaged in col- lecting sea- weed for manure, and who finding the hook at the end of the long pole used for " hauling in the rack," had caught in some- thing, carefully drew it towards him, when the captive proved to be a living turtle whose eye the hook had entered. Mr. R. Ball in- forms me that a turtle of this species in his collection was taken alive in the sea near Youghal, but he has been inclined to regard it merely * Totanus Glareola, Temm. Mr. R. Ball has described to me a species of Totanus which he saw for several years about the month of June fre- quenting a stream in Glenbower Wood near Youghal, and believed to be this bird. In the late Mr. Templeton's MS. a sandpiper considered to be of this species is noticed as having been seien in the neiglibourhood of Belfast, but as in the previous instance in terms which do not warrant its introduction Jto the Fauna with certainty. Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland. 9 as an individual washed oiF the deck of a vessel, or one that had escaped from the cord which was intended to secure it, when (as is a common custom on board ship) it may have been committed to the sea for the benefit of a swim. However, as both the specimens which have been procured on the Irish coast are of the same species, and one which according to Dumeril and Bibron is very common in the Mediterranean, and of occasional occurrence in the Atlantic Ocean, they may by the natural influence of winds and waves have been car- ried to our shores. This remark would from the circumstance of its frequenting the same seas likewise apply to the much rarer species, the Leathery Turtle, Sphargis coriacea, which has been taken on the English coast. The Hawks-bill Turtle, Chelonia imbricata, now in- cluded in the British Fauna, may more probably than the other two species, have been washed off the decks of vessels or outlived their wreck, its native abode being so far remote from the British seas as the West Indies and the Indian Ocean*. Pisces. Scomber Thtnnus, Linn. Tunny. Dr. Jacob (Professor of Ana- tomy in the Royal College of Surgeons) of Dublin, informs me, that during the herring season about twelve years ago he purchased a specimen of this fish about 2 feet in length, (and evidently a recent capture,) from a fisherman who supplied him with the rare species he procured, and whose ordinary fishing-ground was off Dublin Bay, within forty miles of the metropolis. GoBius UNipUNCTATus, Pamell. One- spotted Goby. ' Wem. Mem.' vol. vii. p. 83, pi. 29. I have obtained this on the north-east coast of Ireland ; and in Mr. R. Ball's collection there is a specimen, 3 inches in length, which was procured at Glendore (county Cork) by Mr. Geo. J. AUman. Although well-marked individuals of G. unipunctatus may appear specifically different from G. gracilis and G. minutus, yet from having remarked some specimens intermediate in character between the two first mentioned, I am led to doubt whether in these days of refinement the old Gobius minutus has not been multiplied into too many species. Cyclopterus goronatus, Couch. Coronated Lump-fish. ' Cornish Fauna/ p. 47. ' Annals Niit. Hist.' vol. ii. p. 382. Of this fish, considered by Mr. Couch distinct from the C. lumpus, I procured two specimens, rather exceeding 10 Unes in length, by dredging in * All the localities noted by Dumeril and Bibron, except Havanna, are within, or bordering on the Indian Ocean. — Erpetologie Generale, tome ii, p. 551. 10 Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland, Strangford lough on the 1st of Oct. ; the particular date is men- tioned in reference to the question whether the C. coronatus may no be the young of C. lumpus. Without offering any opinion on this point, it seems to me proper to notice the capture of this minute fish elsewhere than on the coast of Cornwall, where one individual only has been observed. MOLLUSCA*. ** Nautilus calcar\, Mont. Miltown Malbay (co. Clare), in sand." W. H. Harvey, Esq. " lavigatulus, Mont. Ditto." Ditto. *• Vermiculum intortum, Mont. On a sponge from Strangford.** Templeton's MS. '* Lagenula (Flem.) striata, Mont. Among sand at the Whitehouse Point [Belfast bay], Oct. 1810." Temp. MS. *• — globosa, Mont. Among Conferva pennata, Belfast Bay." Temp. MS. «« . Icevis, Walk. M. Malbay, rare — in sand." W. H. Harvey. ** Orthocera glabra. Flem. Ditto." Ditto. — trachea. Flem. Ditto. Ditto. Miliola ovata. Crouch, lUust. Lamarck, p. 40. pi. 20. f. 11. Com- mon on the north, east, and south coast. *' Loligo medial. Specimens occasionally received from Dublin har- bour, Strangford lough, and other inlets." Temp. MS. ** Octopus vulgaris, Lam. Not uncommon." Temp. MS. " Arion ater, var. rufus, var. marginatus. Common." Temp. MS. * These having been mostly communicated to me (in 1835) in the order and under the names in which they appear in Fleming's 'British Animals,' are chiefly so arranged, and thus some genera, &c. on which new light has been thrown, still appear under their old appellations. The multiplication of ha- bitats has not been thought of in an article like the present, in which I am particular only about noting the place (in so far as I am informed) where the species occurred to those who in this country first studied and deter- mined them. Notices of Irish mollusca are so widely scattered, that I may, after having taken considerable care, still be in error respecting the introduction of some species as " additions " to the Fauna. f Spirula australis, published many years ago as found by Mr. O'Kelly on the coast of Kerry, is mentioned in the late Mr. Templeton's MS. as havingbeen obtained " near Whitehouse," Belfast Bay ; and at Portrush near the Giant's Causeway, by Mrs. Clewlow. Mr. R. Ball has procured it near Youghal, as Mr. W. H. Harvey once did on the coast of Clare. X This is indicated as Irish in the abstract of a paper by Mr. R. Ball just published in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy : with this expla- nation the species is here retained in consequence of the late Mr. Temple- ton's note on it. Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland. 11 *' Avion hortensis, Fer. Common at Cranmore [Belfast]." Temp. MS. Coloured drawings of the var. of this species named A. circumscriptus by Dr. Johnston were made by Mr. Templeton in 1808. ** Limax agrestis, Gmel. Common.'* Temp. MS. variegatus, Fer. (Hist, de Moll. p. 71. pi. 5. f. 1 — 6.) Youghal in Mr. Ball's collection. Helix concinna, Jeff. Common in Ireland, especially in the north. Succinea gracilis, Alder. Widely diffused in Ireland. Mr. Alder, I believe, now rather considers this to be a variety of S. amphibia. Limneus lacustris. Gulnaria lacustris, Leach. Found in Lough Neagh and lakes generally. Lottia ? pulchella, Forbes. ' Malac. Monensis,' p. 35. * Mag. Nat. Hist.' viii. p. 691. f. 61. In Mr. Hyndman's collection (Belfast) are a few small specimens of this shell — the first obtained on the shore of Belfast Bay by Mrs. M'Gee, the others found by Mr. H. adhering to oysters in Belfast market in 1831. Patella ? Forbesii, -^mith., ' Wern. Mem.' vol. viii. p. 107. pi. 2. One of this species was found by Miss M. Ball several years ago in company with Orbicula Norvegica, Lam. on a stone dredged in very deep water at Youghal. ? ancyloides, Forbes, MS. Obtained by Mr. Hyndman many years ago on oysters from Strangford lough. Length 3 lines, breadth 2|, height 1|. The great resemblance this shell bears to the Ancylus fluviatilis is not confined to external appearance, but internally it exhibits the same blueish cast. ** Dentalium striatulum. Found in sand near Cove." Mr. John Humphreys. Portmarnock, Mr. Warren. '* Chiton ruber, Linn. Among oysters from Killinchy, Down." Temp. MS. Found by Mr. Hyndman and myself in different localities on the north-east coast. albus, Mont. As last. fuscatus. Brown. Ditto. Aplysia depilans, Linn. Youghal and Dublin, R. Ball, Esq. M. Mal- bay, W. H. Harvey, Esq. Obtained by dredging in Belfast and Strangford loughs by Mr. Hyndman and myself. " punctata, Cuv. Dublin." R. Ball, Esq. " Bulla catena, Mont. M. Malbay, rare. A beautiful little species about a line in length marked with elegant chain-like bands." W. H. Harvey, Esq. r- — striata. Brown, Illust. pi. 38. f. 41, 42. Bangor, co. Down. Mr. Hyndman. 12 Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland. Littorina saxatilis. Bean, MS. Northern and eastern coasts: common. Eulima Donovani, Forbes. ' Mai. Mon.' p. 15. Youghal and Dubhn, R. Ball, Esq. Dredged off Dundrum, co. Down, by Mr. Hynd- man and myself. Jeffreysu. Dublin coast, Mr. Ball and Mr. Warren. bilineata, Jeff. A Eulima so named by Mr. Jeffreys is in the collection of Mr. Warren, who found it at Portmarnock. *' Rissoa striatula. Turbo monilis, Turton. M. Malbay, rare." W. H. Harvey, Esq. alba, var. Brown. Youghal, Miss M. Ball. Odostomia unidentata, Flem. Youghal, R. Ball, Esq. ; M. Malbay, not rare ; W. H. Harvey, Esq. Natica Alderi, Forbes, ' Mai. Mon.' p. 31. Of frequent occurrence in north, east, and south of Ireland, and hitherto passing under the name of N. canrena. Marginella valuta. M. Malbay, rare; W. H. Harvey; Macgilligan (co. L. Derry) and Belfast Bay, G. C. Hyndman ; South Islands of Arran, R. Ball. Auricula bidentata, Fer. Youghal and Portmarnock, R. Ball. ** Buccinum ovum. [Turt. ' Zool. Joum.' vol. ii. p. 366. pi. 13. f. 9.J Found in the intestines of a Red Gurnard brought to Cork market." Mr. John Humphreys. ** Cerithium tubercularis. {Murex tubercularis, Mont.) M. Malbay, common . ' * W . H . Harvey, Esq . Cerithium Pennantii, mihi. Turbo tuberculata, Penn. * Brit. Zool.* vol. iv. p. 129. pi. 82. f. 111. Terebra fuscata, Flem. * Brit. Anim.* Cerithium fuscatum, Brown, ' lUust. Conch.' p. 9. pi. 5. f. 67. Of this shell there is a specimen from Youghal in Miss M. Ball's collection, agreeing with the descriptions of Fleming and Brovm, but only tolerably represented in the above-quoted figures. Mr. E. Forbes having informed me that the Turbo tu- berculata of Linn, is a different shell, and that the Cerithium to which Costa applied the name of C. fuscatum is likewise distinct, I have considered it necessary to bestow a new name on the present species. •* Fusus gyrinus. Clare and Youghal." R. Ball, Esq. Lamellaria tentaculata, Mont. 'Linn. Trans.' xi. 186. pi. 12. f. 5, 6. Johnston, * Mag. Nat. Hist.' ix. 229. f. 25. In January 1835 two small individuals, about 4 lines in length, of this rare species were dredged in Strangford lough by Mr. Hyndman and myself. '• Pecten glaber. Found in the intestines of a Haddock bought in Cork market." Mr. John Humphreys. Mr. W. Thompson on the Fauna of Ireland, 13 " Anomia punctata. Youghal." R. Ball, Esq. " Hyalea trespinosa, GrifF. Cuvier, Moll. pi. 3. f. 7." An individual of this species and the first Pteropode I believe that has occurred on the British shores, was found by Mr. R. Ball on the coast near Youghal some years ago. At the same time Spirula and /a»- ihincB occurred, but none of them in a living state. *' Arcafusca. Coast of Galway." R. Ball, Esq., who considers its rank as a species doubtful. Nucula tenuis. Found at Portmarnock by T. W. Warren, Esq. nitida, Sowerby. Coast of Dublin. Pinna fragilis, ^ Turt. Bivalves. The three first named noted by papyracea, I Mr. John Humphreys as found at Cove ; the two pectinata, first and P. muricata by Mr. R. Ball as obtained muricata, J from the same locality. As species they are looked upon with much doubt. Cardium nodosum"^, Mont. North and east coasts. This shell is noticed by Mr. Smith as found in the newer pliocene deposits in Ireland. * Wern. Mem.' vol. viii. part 1. Anodon intermedius. Lam. I have found this in the rejectamenta of the river Lagan near Belfast. cellensis, Pfeif. River Shannon and Grand Canal. The An. anatinus and An. cygneus have been recorded as Irish. Although enumerating these, I am not disposed to take the views of au- thors who make so many species in this genus. " Amphidesma distortum. Youghal." R. Ball, Esq. " Donax complanata. Bantry Bay, rare." Mr. J. Humphreys. " Tellina similis. Dublin." R. Ball. " bimaculata. Bantry." R. Ball. This species is given doubtfully as Irish in Mr. O'Kelly's catalogue. Tellimya ovata, Brown's * lUust. Brit. Conch.' pi. 14. f. 20, 21. Spe- cimens of this shell from the southern coast are in Mr. Hynd- man's cabinet. Myrtea spinifera, Turt. Bantry Bay. Miss M. Ball. Marked with doubt by Mr. O'Kelly as a Portmarnock shell. It has been in- dicated as an Irish species by Mr. Jeffreys when noticing the moUusca he obtained at Oban in Argyleshire : he remarks that • Mytilus edulis, Linn. The variety? M. suhsaxatilis^Vf{\]\a.m%or\f 'Mag. Nat. Hist.' vii. 353. has been found at Youghal by Miss M. Ball. The var. M. incurvatus monopolizes, almost to the exclusion of the other forms of this species, the shores of Ireland that are exposed to the swell of the ocean. Venus virginea, Linn. The var. V. Sarniensis, Turt. dredged on the Dub- lin coast by Dr. Lloyd of Malahide. 14 Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns, the individuals here procured were " only half the size of the Irish specimens." Sowerby's * Malac. and Conch. Mag.' No. 2. p. 43. •* Cyprina minima. M. Malbay, rare." W. H. Harvey. Bantry Bay. Mr. J. Humphreys. Pisidium obtusale, Pfeif. .'' Jenyns, I have collected in a few locali- ties in the north-east of Ireland. cinereum, Alder. As last. La Bergerie, Queen's county. Rev. B. J. Clarke. " Teredo bipennata. From the mast of avessel cast ashore at Youghal." R. Ball. M. Malbay, W. H. Harvey. *' Xylophaga dorsalis. In rotten wood at Ringsend, Dublin." W. H. Harvey*. Montacuta purpurea. My a purpurea, Mont. Abundant on the north- east coast. It was this species and not Kellia rubra that was found in the stomach of mullet as noticed in ' Annals Nat. Hist.' vol. i. p. 354. K. rubra also occurs on the Irish shores. Pandora obtusa, Leach, Lam. Penn. ' Brit. Zool.' vol. iv. pi. 64. (three lowest figures) ed. 1777 : same work, ed. 1812. Solen pinna, vol. iv. p. 175. pi. 67. f. 3. Dredged off Carrickfergus Sept. 1835, Mr. Hyndman ; subsequently by Mr. H. and myself in Strangford lough. [To be continued.] IV. — Nonnullorum Cerambycitum novorum, NovamHollandiam et Insulam Van Diemen habitantium characteres. By Ed- ward Newman, F.L.S., &c.t Genus. Sceleocantha, Newman. Prioni facies : prothorax utrinque spina recurva laterali armatus ; pone spinam excavatione semicirculari incisus, postice bisinuatus : tibiae sulcatse, carinatse, extus spinosae. * Pholas papyraceus, Solander. Turt. Brit. Biv. Mr. Harvey has shown me a specimen which he found in 1826 in a fishing-boat in Dublin Bay ; but as Torbay boats occasionally visit this place, and in one of them it may pos- sibly have occurred, the species cannot be announced as Irish. f At the particular request of Mr. Davis, now settled at Adelaide, in South Australia, I have written characters for some of the fine Coleoptera which he has sent to this country : that portion of the list containing the Longi- corns being ready, I have added a few more descriptions from specimens in the collection of Mr. Children, to which he has most obligingly allowed Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns. 15 Sp. 1 . S. glahricollis. Piceus, prothorax glaberrimus : elytra profunde puncta, punctis humeralibus rarioribus, discoidalibus majoribus, apicalibus cre- brioribus. Corp. long. 1-5 unc, lat. -66 line. Exemp. unic. in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Insula Van Diemen. Sp. 2. S. pilosicollis. Prionus pilosicollis, Hope, Trans. Ent. Soc. torn. i. p. 16. Exemp. unic. in Mus. Soc. Ent. " Habitat. Nova Hollandia apud Swan River." Genus. Toxeutes, Newman. Mallodonis fere fades : prothorax utrinque spinis recurvis, lateralibus, acutissimis armatus ; spina antica ad marginem anticum sita, valde arcuata ; spina 2^* mediana minus arcuata : tibiae inermes. Sp. 1. T. arcuatus. Prionus arcuatus, Fabricius, Syst. Eleu. torn. ii. p. 259. Exemp. In Mus. Brit, &c. Habitat. Insula Van Diemen. Genus. Mallodon, Serville. Sp. M. stigmosum. Piceum : prothorax parallelipipedus, marginibus late- ralibus crenatis, angulis posticis acutis, disco minutissime puncto, ob- scuro, spatiis 2 glabris fere trigonis exceptis : elytra rugosa : abdominis segmenta stigraate magno utrinque impressa. Corp. long. 1*5 unc, lat. "6 unc. Exemp. unic. in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Dorx, Newman. Dorci facies ; caput porrectum, medio longitudinaliter sulcatum, mandibulse validse, extus et intus arcuatse, apice bidentatse, intus inermes : labi- et maxipalpi elongati, longitudine fere sequales, arti- culo apicali incrassato ; antennae corporis dimidio longiores, 11-ar- ticulatae, articulus 2"^ brevissimus, ceteri subaequales, compressae oculos haud attingentes ; prothorax longitudine pauUo latior ; margo anticus postico latior ; margines laterales pauUo sinuatae ; elytra linearia, prothorace pauUo angustiora, disco convexo, apice rotundata : tibiae angulares, pedetentim incrassatae, apice spinis 2 acutis, halteribus 2 obtusis armatae : tarsi manifesto 5-articulati: articulus 4"® brevis at satis notabilis. me free access, and from some others in the British Museum. These hasty notes will, I trust, not merely serve to secure me priority in nomenclature, but will, on account of the extreme singularity of some of the forms described, afford considerable interest to our scientific entomologists. 16 Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns. S^. Dorx pentamera. Nigra: elytris punctis, spina apicali suturali bre vis* sima armatis : pedes picei. Corp. long. 14 unc, lat. '5 unc. Exemp. unic. in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova HoUandia. Genus. Pithanotes, Newman. Prioni fades : Caput porrectum : mandibulae validae, extus arcuatae, intus dentibus duobus minutis armatis, apice acutissimse : labi- et maxipalpi brev.es articulo apicali cylindrico : antennae corporis di- midio longiores, 1 1 -articulatse, articulus 2'" brevis, 3^^ 4""* cum 5° longitudine sequans : prothorax brevis, angulis rectangulis, utrin- que spina acuta mediana laterali armatus : tibiae fere pracedentis. Sp. Pith, falsus. Niger : prothorax tuberibus nonnuUis, quaruift 4 seriem transversam constituunt, armatus : elytra ad humeros verrucosa, apici- bus rotundatis, spina nulla suturali armata. (Corp. long. 1*25 unc, lat. •55 unc. Exemp. unic. in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Brachytria, Newman. Caput in prothorace receptum : oculi fere reniformes : mandibulae et palpi brevissima : antennae dimidio corporis longiores, 1 1 -articulatae ; articulus P^ latitudine duplo longior, curvatus ; 2"^ 3"^ et 4"^ bre- vissimi ; caeteri longitudine subaequales, vix elongati : prothorax capite latior, subglobosus, angulis posticis late excavatus : scu- tellum elongatum, apice rotundatum : elytra prothorace latiora, fere parallela, dorso complanata, apice rotundata, inermia : pedes breves, femoribus pedetentim tumentibus. Sp. B. gulosa. Fusca ; facie, gula, capitis parte postica, prosterni parte antica croceis : elytrorum margo costalis, macula mediana albida sig- natus : caput rugose punctatum : prothorax rugosus punctis magnis confluentibus impressus : elytra 3-carinata, utriusque carinas duae di- stinctae fere ad apicem desinienes, 3"* subsuturalis indistincta longe ante apicem desinens. Corp. long. "7 unc, lat. •] 75 unc. Exemp. 1. in Mus. Brit, ex dono Rev. August! Beaufort. Habitat Insula Van Diemen. Genus. Necydalis, Linnaus. Caput exsertum : antennarum articulus 4"^ sequentibus manifesto brevior ; femora apice pedetentim tumida, metatarsi manifesto di- latati. Sp. N. auricomus. Niger ; capite croceo, antennis oculisque nigris ; pro- thorax nigerrimus, opacus : elytra semipellucida, pallida, apicibus ni- Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns. 1/ gricantibus : pectus et abdomen lanugine aui*ea vestita. (Corp. long. •4 unc, lat. '075 imc.) Exemp. 1 . in Mus. D. Turner. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. *' Exemp. unic. prope Adelaide lectum tan- tum vidi." A. H. Davis. Genus. Hesthesis, Newman. Caput pronura, in prothorace ad oculos reconditum : antennae maris corpore longiores r2-articulat8e,/(?mm« corpore breviores 11-arti- culatae apice paullo crassiores, articulus 4"^ ^^ et sequentibus vix brevior: prothorax valde convexus capite manifesto latior vix lon- gior lateribus medio vix productis : elytra abbreviata, quadrata : cor- pus obesum lanuginosum : pedes compressi, femoribus vix tumidis; protarsi paullo dilatati meso- et metatarsi nuUomodo dilatati. Sp. 1. H. varieyntus. Molorchus variegatus, Fah. Syst. Eleu. torn. ii. p. 375, Exemp. in Mus. Ent. Club, Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Sp. 2. H. ferrvglneus. Molorchus ferrugineus, MacLeay ? Boisduval, Faune de VOceanief p. 487. Exemp. in Mus. Ent. Club. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Sp. 3. //. ciiigulatus. Molorchus cingulatus, Kirhy, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xii. p. 470. Exemp. in Mus. Ent. Club. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Sp. 4. H. hlzonatus. Abdominis zonulas 2 ; prothoracis margo anticus tenue flavus; antennae basi graciles ferruginese ; apice crassiores fuscae : pedes ferruginei, femoribus apice nigris profemora fere tota nigra. Corp. long. '7 unc, lat. '175. Exemp. 1. in Mus. Soc. Zool. Lon, Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Heliomanes, Newman. Caput pronum vix exsertum ; antennarum gracilium articulus 4"^ se- quentibus baud manifesto brevior ; elytra oblonga apice rotunda ta : corpus gracile : femora apice repente et manifesto tumida ; tarsi mediocres simplices. Sp. 1. H. Sidus. Fiiscus; antennae corpore breviores: prothorax elongatus medio longitudinaliter impressus, utrinque pone medium dente laterali armatus : elytra extus curvata, fusca, fasciis albidis undulatis duobus. (Corp. long. '3 unc, lat. "075 unc.) In Mus. D. Children et D. Hope. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Ann. Nat, Hist, Vol.5. No. 28. March 1840. c 18 Mr. E. Newman on Aastralusian Lonyicorm, Genus. Callidium, Fabricius. Sp. C. Fabe-^. Fuscum, nitidum : elytra puncta, utriusque discus macula magna testacea signatus : femora pallida, tumida : tibiee tarsique sutu- ratiora. Corp. long. -325 imc, lat. -1 unc. Exemp. 2. in Mus. D. Turner, Habitat. Nova HoUandia. "Exemp. 2, prope Adelaide lecta." A. H. Davis. Genus. Coptomma, Newman. Caput in prothorace fere ad oculos reconditum, porrectum, protlio- race angustius ; oculi arcuati, medio ad antennarum basin profunde emarginati, fere divisi : antennae glabrae, maris valde, femmce. vix corpore longiores, ll-articulatse, articuli e quarto compress! : elytra basi prothorace latiora apice angustiora, rotundata, inermia, femmce hand abdomen tegentia : femora pedetentim tumida inermia. Sp. 1. C. virgatum, Atrum, fulgore chalybao nitens : antennarum apicibus albidis : caput albido 4 lineatum ; linese 2 verticis inter antennas desi- nunt, 2 laterales oculos secant et in faciem adjunguntur : prothorax al- bido 4 lineatus, linese lineis capitis continuse : elytrorum lanugo lutea maculam basalem obliquam, alteram medianam transversam, nuiltasque minores irroratas format : metafemora macula mediana albida signata, (Corp. long. '8 unc, lat. '3 unc.) ^ Exemp. 2. in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Sp. 2. C.textorium. Testaceum, fulgore cbalybeo nitens; lineis 2 capiti,. prothoraci, elytrisque communibus albidis : linese elytrorum medio lon- gitudinaliter hiantes. (Corp. long. '6 unc, lat. -2 unc.) Exemp. 1 . in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Ischnotes, Neivmaji. Caput pronum in prothorace ad oculos reconditum ; oculi magni, sphseroides, vix emarginati ; antennae prothorace duplo longiores, filiformes, 11-articulatse ; articulus 1*^^ tumidus, 2 minimus, se- quentes graciles elongati : prothorax absolute cylindraceus, capite quintuplo longior, ad marginem posticum pedes brevissimos ferens : elytra linearia, prothorace vix latiora at manifesto longiora, apice rotundata inermia ; pedes simplices. Sp. I. cylindraceus. Nigra, opaca : inter oculos linea longitudinalis vix ele- vata : prothorax subtilissime punctus, sed ad marginem posticum serie transversalipunctorum profundorum impressus: elytra profunde puncta : pedes brevissimi. (Corp. long. '525 unc, lat. '05 unc.) Exemp. 1. in Mus. D. Turner. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. " Exemp. 1. prope Adelaide leotum." A. II. Davis. Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns, 19 Genus. Xystrocera, Serville. Sp. X. virescens, Fusca, splendore virescenti Iccta: prothorax et elytra puncta, punctis plus ininusve confliientibus: elytra 3-lineata, lineis baud promi- nentibus, apice rotundata. (Corp, long. 1*2 iinc, lat. '3 unc.) Excmp. 1. in Mus. Brit. D. Hardwicke legato. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Phoracantha, Newman, Hujus generis species sub genere " Stenocorus'' celeberrimi Geof- froyi collocant MacLeay, Hope et Boisduval : autem Stenocorus cum genere " Rhagium" distincte est synonymus, scilicet Sp. 1 . Ste. bifasciatus Rhagium bifasciatum certe est ; iterumque Sp. 2. Ste. Inquisitor Rha. Inquisitor sine dubio. Audinet Serville (nisi sub nomine " Mallocera" insectorum Americse Me- ridionalis genus) species haud collocat. Generis typus Cerambyx semipunctatus Donovani. Antennarum articuli plus minusve apice-1 spinosi : prothorax utrinque medio 1-spinosus, spina plus minusve prominens : elytra apice truncata plus minusve bispinosa : descriptionem fusiorem haud requirat genus percognitum. Novam Hollandiam species omnes incolant. Sp. 1. P. Synont/ma. Stenocorus punctatus. Kirby * Transactions of the Linnsean Society/ xii. 471. '* AntennEB breviores rufo-picese articulis 5 intevmediis, extus apice spina armatus, &c." Sp. 2. P. tricuspiSf ined.* Sp. 3. P. quinaria, ined. Sp. 4. P. punctata. Stenocorus punctatus, Donovan, * Epitome of the Insects of New Holland.' Sp. 5. P. ohscura. Stenocorus obscurus, Donovan, Id. Sp. 6. P. semipunctata. Stenocorus semipunctatus, Oliv. 69, tab. ii. fig. 19. Stenocorus semipunctatus, Fab. Syst. Eleu. ii. 306. Stenocorus semipunctatus, Dono- van, Epitome, &c. Sp. 7. P. curvispina, ined. Sp. 8. P. riibripes. Stenochorus rubripes, Boisduval, ' Faune de I'Oceanie,* p. 477. Sp. 9. P. dorsalis. Stenochorus dorsalis, MacLcay, * Appendix to King's Voyage,' ii, 451. Sp. 10. P. aherrans, ined. Sp. 11. P. ventralis, ined. Sp. 12. P. higuttata. Stenocorus biguttatus, Donovan. ________ tessellatus, Latreille. Sp. 13. P. senio, ined. * I was on my way to the printers, with the MS. of these notes in my pocket, when accidentally meeting Mr. Westwood, I learned that the Rev. F. W. Hope was about to publish figures and descriptions of several new species of this genus : I have therefore withdrawn the descriptions I had written, lest my new species should clash with Mr. Hope's. c 2 20 Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns. Genus. Didymocantha, Newman, Caput exsertum, vix pronum ; oculi magni, reniformes, antennas fere amplectentes ; antennae corpore manifesto longiores 11-articu- latse ; articulus l"^paullo tumidus, 2"^ minutissimus ; 3"^, 4*°paullo longior, 5"^, 3**° vel 4^ pauUo longior, caeteri ad apicem praece- dentibus longiores, compressi ; prothorax capite longior et angus- tior, lateribus spinis, 2^^^ armatis et inter spinas dente obtuso in- structis : elytra prothorace latiora parellela apice rotundata iner- mia : femora pedetentim vix tumescentia. Sp. D.ohliqua. Antennarum articuli 1"* et 2"* nign, 3"' 4"* et5"' lutei apice nigri, casteri fusel : scutellum albidum : elytra sordide testacea fasciis binis abnormibus nigris. Corp. long. -525 unc., lat. -175 unc. Exemp. 1 . in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. PnLYCTieNODEs, Newman. Caput exsertum, vix pronum ; maxipalpi mandibulis valde longiores ; antennae 11-articulatse, articulus 1"* pauUo tumidus, 2^*^ subglo- bosus ; caeteri longitudine fere aequales, ultimo breviori : protho- rax dorse 4-spinosus, spinis 2 anticis acutis pauUo retrorsum curvatis; 2 posticis vix acutis nullo modo curvatis; lateribus 1 -spinosus ; spina mediana, acuta retrorsum curvata : elytra pa- rallela prothorace latiora, apice obtusa inermia ; femora pedetentim tumida. Sp. P, pustulosa. Fusco-niger concolor ; caput, prothorax et elytra pus- tulis — basi majoribus apice minutissimis — crebre tecta. (Corp. long. 1*2 unc, lat. '3 unc.) Exemp. 1. in Mus. D. Children. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Tessaromma, Newman. Caput exsertum, porrectum ; antennae graciles, corpore vix breviores, 11-articulatae; articulus 1"^ pyriformis, basi constrictus, apice tumidus ; 2"' brevis obconicus ; ceteri fere lineares ; 3"® 2^° pauUo longior, 5"^ et sequentes 3*^^ paullo longiores : oculi 4, anteriores majores : prothorax capite angustior elongatus, dorso gibber spinis 2, lateribus spina mediana armatus : elytra prothorace quadruple longiora vix duplo latiora, parellela apice extreme oblique abscissa, femora apice repente tumentia. Sp. T. undatum. Testaceum, fnsco variegatum lanugine serica splendidum ; antennae et pedes testacea : femora et tibiae fusco cincta (Corp. long. •8 unc, lat. -15 unc.) Exemp. unic in Mus. D. Turner. Habitat, Nova Hollandia. '* Exemp. unic. prope Adelaide, sub cortice. Mr. E. Newman on Australasian Longicorns, 21 mense Junio lectum ; vivens formosissimus coloreque fulgoreque." A. H. Davis. Genus. Rhagiomorpha, Newman. Caput exsertum porrectum ; antennse liliformes longitudine corpus aequantes, ll-articulatae; articulus 1"^ elongatus, arcuatus, apice tumidus ; 2^^ minutus ; czeteri graciles, longitudine fere sequales : prothorax capite haud latior dorso tuberis 4 fere confluentibus in- structus, lateribus medio gibberis in spinam obtusam productis : elytra prothorace latiom linearia apicibus rotundatis : femora ma- nifesto ac pedetentim tumida. * Species normales. Sp. 1. R. Leptiiroides. Stenocortus Lepturoides, Boisduval, Faune de I'Oceanie. p. 479. Exemp. in Mus. D. Gory, Dupont, et Buquet. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Apud Port Jackson lectum. Sp. 2. R, concolor. Stenoderus concolor, MacLeay. Appendix to King's Voyage, vol. ii. p. 45 1 . Exemp. unic. in Mus. D. Children. Descriptio vix distincta. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Sp. 3. R. sordida. Fusca, lunugine argenteo sparsim vestita ; caput inter antennas excavatum, punctum : prothoracis dorsum longitudinaliter impressum : singuli elytri linese vix elevatae 3 : femora basi pallidiorrt. (Corp. long. '5 unc. lat. '1 unc.) antennae desunt. Exemp. unic. in Mus. D, Turner. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. " Exemp. 1. prope Adelaide lectum." A. H. Davis. ** Species aberrantes. Sp. 4. R. oculifera. Caput exsertum linea longitudinali impressum ; an- tennarum articuli 1 et 2 nigri; 3"* hirsutie exteriori rufa ornatus; 4"* et sequentes picei : prothorax lateribus lanugine aurea vestitus ; elytra quasi reticulata, 4 carinata, carina prima macula rotimda lanur ginosa aurea interrupta est et ante apicem desinet; 2"' !<> longior fere ad apicem desinens ; inter l"« et 2"" linea aurea, lanuginosa, basalis apparet ; 3"' ad humerum oritur et longe ante praecedentes desinet ; 4"* infra humerum oritur et ante apicem 2° conjungitur : mesoster- num utrinque linea lanuginosa argentea signatum. (Corp. long. '7 unci lat. •! unc.) Exemp. 2. in Mus. Brit. Habitat. Nova Hollandia. Genus. Stenoderus, Dejean. Sp. grammicus. Fallide ferrugineus : oculi nigri : prothoracis latera fusca : singuli elytri margo suturalis lineasque tres elevatae albida, linea prima ad marginem suturalem, secunda ad lateralem,. in medio tendit. Corp. long. -425 unc, lat. -075 unc. Exemp. 3. in Mus. D. Turner. Habitat.Nova Hollandia. "Exemp. 3, prope Adelaide ledum." A. fl. Davis. 22 Mr. Goodsir on the Anatomy of the Limneus itivolutus. V. — Description of Limneus involutus^ Harvey^ MS. By W. Thompson, Vice-President of the Natural History So- ciety of Belfast ; — with an account of the Anatomy of the Animal. By John Goodsir, Esq. [With a Plate.] Limneus involutus^ 1 tt T»m Amphipeplea involuta,j ^' Spec. Char. Spire sunk within the outer whorl ; aperture very large, extending to the apex. The finest specimen I have examined is 5| lines in length, and 3^ in breadth ; volutions four, the largest enveloping the other three, of which none are visible in the profile of the shell ; aperture very large, wide at the base (exposing the co- lumella throughout its entire length) and extending to the apex of the shell, margin reflected only where it joins the pil- lar. Shell polished, of a pale amber colour, extremely thin, with coarse longitudinal striae. This species approaches the L. glutinosus more nearly than any other native Limneus, but from the circumstance of the aperture extending to the apex, has at a cursory view as great a resemblance to the Bulla Akera, Mont., as to any other Bri- tish shell ; a coincidence which is rendered still more remark- able by the columella presenting the same appearance in the L. involutus as it does in that species. The discovery of this new and beautiful mollusk is due to my friend Wm. H. Harvey, Esq. (well known for his botanical investigations) who obtained a few specimens in a small alpine lake on Cromaylaun mountain, near the celebrated lakes of Killarney, in the month of April 1832. The above account was read to the Linnaean Society of Lon- don in April 1834. To the present time (Sept. 1839), I have not heard of the occurrence of the species in any other locality in Ireland. The original station was visited by Mr. R. Ball and myself in June 1834, when we procured only a few small specimens. The time was however unfavourable for seeing these mollusks to any advantage, being at a very early hour in the morning, before the warmth of the sun had tempted them to leave the bottom of the lake or adjoining rivulet. This shell, from partaking more of the form of the marine Mr. Goodsir on the Anatomy of the luimnens Involutus. 23 genus Bulla than of the other Limnei, seemed so highly in- teresting, that I conceived that the mere description of it would be of comparatively little value without that of the ani- mal. Its dissection was most kindly undertaken by Mr. Good- sir, to whom I am indebted for the following description, and the admirable drawing which illustrates it. -7 ^^ In structure the Limnceus involutus resembles the other ' species of the genus. When its organs are compared with those of the L. stagnalis as described and figured by Cuvier, they are found, with the exception of the nervous collar, and the reproductive organs, to be nearly identical in arrange- ment and structure (Plate I. fig. 2.). ^^ In his memoir on the Limnceus and Planorbis, Cuvier de- scribes the supra-oesophageal portion of the nei'vous collar as consisting on each side of three small globules, connected mesially by a narrow portion ; of an infra-cesophageal gan- glion composed of three masses, and of a small ganglion at the junction of the buccal apparatus and gullet. In the L. invo- lutus the nervous collar presents the following arrangement (fig. 3.). On each side of the gullet and buccal mass, there are two fusiform ganglia {a a), connected superiorly by a straight narrow commissure {b), and inferiorly by four small lateral {c c c c) and two large median gangha {d d). Ante- rior to these and concealed by the buccal mass are two large ganglia (e e), connected mesially to one another, and laterally to the middle of the lateral ganglia {a a), having no connexion with the six posterior ganglia. The masses {a a) give off* near their anterior extremities two nerves, which run forward along the inferior surface of the buccal apparatus, and terminate in two small ganglia iff), which are connected by a filament, and distribute nerves to the buccal mass and oesophagus. The lateral ganglia therefore have one superior commissure, con- sisting of a simple cord, and two inferior commissures, the pos- terior containing six ganglia, the anterior two. The lateral and the six posterior ganglia give off* all the nerves described by Cuvier ; the two anterior connecting masses supply the m cular bundles in their neighbourhood. " The arrangement of gangUa described above is not peculiar 24 Mr. Goodsir on the Anatomy of the Limneus involutus. to this species^ as it exists also in the L. Feregev\ and one si- milar but more complex has been described and figured in the ^ Annales des Sciences Naturelles^ for 1837^ page 112, by Van- beneden as existing in the L.glutinosus. Vanbeneden describes a median between the two large anterior ganglia, and an- other between the two small stomato-gastric ganglia. *^ Cuvier in his memoirs on the Limnaus and on the other gasteropod moUusks, mistook the testicle for the ovary, and consequently reversed certain of the other reproductive or- gans. Prevost of Geneva, in a paper published in the Trans- actions of the Physical and Natural History Society of that place for 1828, and in another contained in the ^Annales des Sciences Naturelles' for 1833, pointed out this error, and de- scribed the very beautiful structure, by means of which the seminal fluid is conveyed along the cavity containing the eggs, without coming in contact with them. This structure may be distinctly seen in the Helix aspersa, in which it consists of a groove, wdth the orifice of the duct at both extremities, run- ning along the inner surface of the oviduct. When the fluid is passing from the testicle this groove is converted into a temporary tube by the close apposition of its lips ; a structure similar to the groove in the true ruminating stomach. The arrangement of the reproductive organs in L. involutus, al- though different from that described by Cuvier in the L. stag- nalis, is yet similar to that given by Prevost. The testicle, «, fig. 2. which is situated in the extreme whorls of the shell, sends off a duct, which has attached to it in the middle of its course, small follicles {b) of the same diameter as itself, which appear, if carelessly examined, like duplications of the tube. The duct then becomes closely connected with the point of junction of the ovary and oviduct, runs along the latter for a short di- stance, and opens into the acute extremity of an oblong sac (c), which is closely but not intimately adherent to the oviduct. This sac appears granular from the follicular arrangement of its inner surface ; it is bulbous at its anterior extremity, near which it sends off the second division of the seminal duct {d), which running along the terminal extremity of the oviduct, at length leaves it, and dives under the transverse muscles (e) of the foot, as described by Cuvier in L. stagnalis, again Mr.Waterhouse or. 28 Mr. B. H. Hodgson on Four new Species of Otter, — which may be slain and their osteological as well as other charac_ ters thus accurately examined — the discrimination of specific differ- ences is a work of extreme labour and delay. Many years ago I announced to Mr. Bennett, the late Secretary of the London Zoolo- gical Society, the fact that there are several species of Lutra in Nepal, and before he died he was nearly convinced of the correct- ness of the statement, though I could not then, nor can now, give a full exposition of even those with which I am best acquainted. Waiting, however, for the perfect knowledge when the materials of it are not under command, is, I find, like waiting on the river's side for a dry passage after the waters have flowed past ; and 1 shall therefore offer no apology for briefly characterizing those four of the seven Nepalese species of Otter of which I have considerable cer- tainty, leaving the remaining three to some future occasion. Genus LUIRA. \st Species — Tarayensis nobis. Size, medial. Structure, typical. Scull and head much depressed. Lower incisors ranged nearly in line. Tail equal to two-thirds the length of the animal, and much depressed. Form robust. Nails compressed, exserted from the finger ends, and acute. Fur short and smooth. Colour — above, clear umber; below, and the hands and feet, pure yellowish white; the yellow tint deepest on the limbs; the pale colour on the head and neck extending upwards to the line of the ears — ^less so on the body ; and the distinction of dark and pale hues very decidedly marked. Tail above and below, dark. 2wc? Species — Monticolus nobis. Sizcy large. Structure, upon the whole similar to the above. Tail equal to more than two-thirds of the animal, and less depressed. Scull and head less depressed. Intermediate incisors of lower jaw ranged entirely within or behind the line of the rest. Colour — -above, deeper than the above, or bistre brown ; below, sordid hoary, vaguely defined, except on the edge of the lips and chin ; limbs nearly as dark as the body. Fur longer and rough, or porrect from the skin in a considerable degree. Zrd Species — Indigitatus nobis. General form and proportions of Leptonyx, to which it is affined. Habit of body more vermiform than in the above. Tail but half the length of the animal. Toes very short, and more than half buried in the palmary mass. Nails short and worn., but not depressed nor Information respecting Botanical Travellers. 29 truncated, as in Leptonyx. Size, medial. Colour — same as in the last, but deeper still, or dusky bistre ; paler and ruddier on the body- below, and "albescent on the head below ; but the colours not well defined, and only really distinct (except in shade) on the inferior surface of the head. Character of the fur as in the last, and indeed in all the mountain species. 4th Species — Auko-brunneus nobis. Size, small. Habit of body still more vermiform. Tail less than two-thirds of the length of the body. Toes and nails fully developed. Fur longish and rough, as before. Colour — rich chestnut brown (the fruit) above ; and golden red below and on the extremities. Remarks. — The three last species are confined to the mountains, as is the first species to the plains at their foot. The dimensions in inches, and the weight of the four species are as follow : — 1 2 3 4 Tip of snout to j 26 to 28 30 to 32 22 to 24 20 to 22 base or tail . J Tail 16 20 10| 12 to 13 Weight . 16 to 20 lbs. 20 to 24 11 to 13 9 to 11 I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, Nepal, May, 1839. B. H. HODGSON. VI I L — Information respecting Botanical Travellers. Mr. Schomburglis recent Expedition in Guiana. [Continued from p. 434 of vol. iv.] The Yamanack of the Creoles, or Wawula of the Arawaaks, may be considered the representative of the Madagascarian Lemur in Guiana. It is the Potos caudivolvulus of Desm., or Cercoleptes cau- divolvulus of lUiger. Its general appearance is so much like a Lemur that it has been classed under that family. In its sanguinary disposition, its teeth, and feet, it resembles the feline race, from which it diflfers however in its slightly prehensile tail, which is con- siderably longer than the body. The hind legs are a little longer than the fore, and they walk altogether on the soles and palms. They carry their food with the fore paw to the mouth, and are ex- pert climbers. Their prehensile tail is of great advantage in cHmb- ing trees when in search of honey, their fur and skin being appa- rently impervious to the sting of bees. They feed likewise upon young birds, eggs, and mice ; they pass the day in hollow trees and 30 Information respecting Botanical Travellers. stir out only by night. The glare of the day appears painful to their eyes ; those which in a tamed state are exposed to it, appear uncomfortable and slow in their movements, while in the dark they are all dexterity. I have seen several in a tamed state, which when awakened in the day seemed uncomfortable and rolled themselves up again to sleep. Its tongue is long ; this organ is therefore ad- mirably qualified for sucking honey. When tamed it appears partial to syrups or any other sweets, but indeed nothing comes amiss to it, and it feeds as well on meat, yams, &c. as on fish. They are more common at the sea coast, but inhabit likewise the Savannahs. The Macusi Indians of the Savannahs call it Yawari, the Warraus at the sea-coast Uvari. Those coppices of wood, which rise from amidst the Savannahs like verdant isles from the bosom of a lake, are the favourite abode of an animal, which, if we except its plantigrade feet, approaches in its habits and appearance our martens. It is the Gulo of authors. We observed two species in Guiana, the larger of which may be identified with the Gulo barharus. The size of the individual from which the following description is taken, was two feet from the tijD of the nose to the insertion of the tail, the latter being eleven inches. The head was broad and compact, the ears short and round, the back arched, the tail low and bushy, the legs thick and strong, especially the fore feet, which were somewhat shorter than the hinder. The head is gray, the fur above deep brown tipped with white ; all the rest of the body is of a deep shining black, with the exception of a large whitish-yellow spot on the breast, which contrasts strongly with the other colours. It possesses the peculiarity of being able to erect all the hair of its bushy tail at pleasure. The whole appearance of these animals bespeaks strength, and their toes being armed with crooked nails, they have every requisite for indulging in their sanguinary habits. Their principal food are small animals, as mice, rats, birds, and insects, but they also feed on fruit and are partial to honey. As they are expert climbers, they plunder the nests of the wild bees, and like the Coati or Nasua, are able to run down a tree which grows perpendicular, head foremost. They feed by day, and generally betake themselves to a hollow tree for their night quarters. Here they likewise seek refuge when hunted. They are found more commonly on Savannahs than else- where, and only occasionally in the forest ; they never seek their food near human habitations. They are sometimes tamed, and are then gentle and playful ; but they are easily excited, and when pre- paring for defence or war they erect the hair of their tail. They