\^ OCT 3 1 193b ft- 
^ 
OF THE 
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Fourth Series 
Vol. XXI, No. 27, pp. 337-378, plates 20 to 23. October 23, 1935 
THE TEMPLETON CROCKER EXPEDITION TO WESTERN 
POLYNESIAN AND MELANESIAN ISLANDS, 1933 
No. 27 
FISHES 
ALVIN SEALE 
Superintendent Steinhart Aquarium, 
California A cademy of Sciences 
FOREWORD 
The Templeton Crocker Expedition of 1933 to the Polynesian 
and Melanesian islands of the Western Pacific returned with a col- 
lection of fishes numbering 1830 specimens representing 248 species. 
Eight of these seem to be new to science, and specimens of a number 
of rare species were taken. 
Fishes were collected at the following islands: 
Palmyra Island 
Samoan Group 
Tutuila Island at Pago Pago. 
Fiji Group 
Viti Levu Island at Suva. 
Santa Cruz Group 
Vanikoro Island at Tevai Bay, 
Lomlom Island at Mohawk Bay, 
Anuda (Cherry) Island, 
Matema Island, 
Tucopia Island. 
October 23, 1935 
338 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Solomon Group 
Rennell Island at Kungava Bay, 
Bellona Island, 
Santa Ana (Owa Reha) Island, 
Malaita (Mala) Island at Auki Harbor, Uras Cove, 
Tai Lagoon, 
Florida Island at Tulagi, 
Gavutu Island at Gavutu Harbor, 
Guadalcanar (Guadalcanal) Island at Aola Bay, Kau 
Kau, 
Sikaiana Island, Stewart Islands, 
Ugi Island, 
San Cristoval at Star Harbor. 
The following species are described as new in this report : 
Muraenichthys malaita (Echelidae). 
Callechelys fijiensis (Ophichthyidae). 
Cypselurus zaca (Exocoetidae). 
Cypselurus crockeri (Exocoetidae). 
Amia asaedce (Apogonidae). 
Abudefduf atrapinna (Pomacentridae). 
Thalassoma herrei (Coridae). 
Hypleurochilus samoensis (Blenniidae). 
Elopidae 
Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ten-pounder 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1)*, April 16, 41 mm. The young of this 
species probably has a larval transformation from young to adult 
similar to that of Albula. This specimen is almost translucent with 
a number of dark dots at the posterior edge of the opercle. The 
teeth are strong and well developed. 
Chanidae 
Chanos chanos (Forskal). Bangos. Milk Fish 
Suva, Fiji (2), April 29, 98-99 mm. 
Clupeidae 
Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennett). Sprat 
Uras Cove, Malaita Island (1), May 27, 48 mm.; Tai Lagoon, 
Malaita Island (6), May 30, 28-45 mm.; Tai Lagoon, Malaita Is- 
land (12), May 29, 26-45 mm.; Kau Kau, Gaudalcanar Island (1), 
♦Number in parenthesis indicates the number of specimens from the given locality. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 339 
May 22, 29 mm.; Auki, Malaita Island (4), May 25, 25-45 mm.; 
Santa Ana Island (68), June 30, 26-45 mm.; Rennell Island (1), 
June 12, 30 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoa (5), April 12, 28-31 mm. 
Many of these little sprat were taken at night around the strong 
electric light lowered into the water. 
Spratelloides gracilis (Schlegel). Graceful Sprat 
Tulagi Island (12), May 19, 34-40 mm.; Anuda Island (2), August 
15, 23-34 mm. This species has a bright silvery stripe on the side. 
Dussumieria acuta Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Sharp-nose Sprat 
Pago Pago, Samoa (9), April 14, 45 mm. 
Dussumieria hasseltii Bleeker. Hasselt's Sprat 
Auki, Malaita Island (1), May 25, 24 mm.; Vanikoro Island, Santa 
Cruz group (3), July 12, 23-24 mm. 
Sardinella sirm (Riippell). Sardine 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 15, 51 mm. 
Harengula gibbosa (Bleeker). Herring 
Pago Pago, Samoa (35), April 16, 23-45 mm. In these young 
specimens the scutes are quite distinct. The origin of the anal is 
under the fourth dorsal ray. Anal rays 16. 
Harengula melanura (Cuvier). Black-tail Herring 
Uras Cove, Malaita Island (1), May 27, 115 mm. Bluish above, 
silvery on sides with 2-3 indistinct stripes, caudal broadly black. 
Harengula pinguis Gunther. Herring 
Tai Bay, Malaita Island (3), May 29, 30-34 mm. 
Harengula fimbriata (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Herring 
Tai Lagoon, Malaita Island (18), May 30, 35-60 mm. In these 
young the origin of the dorsal is distinctly nearer the tip of snout than 
caudal fin. Origin of ventrals under fourth ray of dorsal. Depth 
3.5 in length (without caudal). Color brownish above, otherwise 
silvery — a rather narrow line separating the two colors. 
340 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Engraulidae 
Anchovia apiensis Jordan and Seale. Apia Anchovy- 
Pago Pago, Samoa (3), April 14, 38 mm.; Tai Bay, Malaita Island 
(2), May 29, 79-80 mm.; Tulagi Island (1), May 19, 43 mm. 
Anchovia evermanni Jordan and Seale. Evermann's Anchovy 
Suva, Fiji Islands (2), April 24, 81-86 mm. 
Anchovia commersonii Lacepede. iVnchovy 
Tulagi Island (1), May 19, 32 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island 
(11), May 22, 32-33 mm. 
Anchovia purpurea (Fowler). Anchovy 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (13), May 21, 25-44 mm. 
GONOSTOMIDAE 
Diplophos pacificus Giinther 
Bellona Island (1), June 22, 43 mm. The type of this rare species 
was taken by the "Challenger" expedition near the mid-Pacific. It 
measured 37 mm. in length. This seems to be the second specimen 
taken. It agrees very well with Gunther's description and figure. 
(Challenger Report, Vol. 31, pt. 2, p. 33, pi. 4, fig. B.) 
Anguillidae 
Anguilla australis Richardson. Australian Eel 
One fine specimen from Tevai Bay, Vanikoro Island, May 6, 340 
mm., also a fine series of larval specimens which seem to be of this 
species. 
Anguilla mauritiana Bennett. Fresh-water Eel 
Suva, Fiji Island (1), April 28, 460 mm. 
MORINGUIDAE 
Moringua javanica (Kaup). Java Worm Eel 
Suva, Fiji Islands (3), April 30, 75-245 mm. These specimens 
have the dorsal and anal fins reduced to a mere fold of skin with a 
few rays at the tip of the tail only. 
Depth about 70 in total length. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 341 
ECHELIDAE 
Muraenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker). Worm Eel 
Pago Pago, Samoa (2), April 18, 65-127 mm.; Rennell Island (1), 
June 14, 52 mm.; Auki, Malaita Island (1), May 25, 112 mm. In 
this species the origin of the dorsal fin is nearer the origin of the anal 
than to gill openings. 
Muraenichthys macropterus Bleeker 
Suva, Fiji Islands (3), April 28, 48-80 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoa 
(2), April 18, 118 mm. In this species the origin of the dorsal fin 
is nearer the gill openings than to origin of anal. 
Muraenichthys macrostomus (Bleeker) 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 21, 77 mm.; Suva, Fiji 
Islands (1), April 23, 34 mm. In this species the origin of the dorsal 
fin is almost directly above or very slightly behind the origin of the 
anal. 
Muraenichthys malaita Scale, sp. nov. 
Plate 20, fig. 1 
This species differs from all other members of the genus in having 
the origin of the dorsal fin posterior to the origin of the anal b}'^ more 
than the length of the head. Head 3.5 in body to anal pore, 9.5 in 
total length, depth about 3.8, snout projecting. Eye located above 
posterior half of mouth, its width 2.5 in length of snout, anterior 
nostril tubular, posterior one a slit on upper lip. Teeth small in two 
or more rows. No pectoral fin. Origin of anal anterior to middle of 
body. Origin of dorsal more than the length of the head behind 
origin of anal. Color yellowish with dark punctulations above. 
Holotype: No. 5499. Mus. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol. Malaita 
Island. Length 116 mm. 
Muraenichthys gymnotus (Bleeker) 
Pago Pago, Samoa (3), April 13, 85-104 mm. Origin of dorsal 
posterior to origin of anal. M. cookei Fowler may be a synonym of 
this species. 
342 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Ophichthyidae 
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay and Bennett) 
Half-banded Snake Eel 
Suva, Fiji (1), April 26, 176 mm.; Uras Cove, Malaita Island (1), 
May 27, 150 mm.. In this species the tip of the tail is pointed and 
bare; the upper jaw projecting, with tubular nostril. Body with 
numerous incomplete black bands. 
Sphagebranchus bicolor (Kaup). Two-colored Snake Eel 
Uras Cove, Malaita Island (2), May 27. Origin of dorsal on a line 
with the gill openings, which are ventral. Color dark above, light 
below, dark bands on the throat. 
Sphagebranchus lumbricoides (Bleeker). Worm-like Eel 
Suva, Fiji Islands (4), April 30, 165-202 mm. Origin of dorsal 
)4 length of head posterior to gill openings. 
Callechelys fijiensis Scale, sp. nov. Fiji Snake Eel 
Plate 20, fig. 2 
Suva, Fiji Islands (4), April 29, 1933. 298-350 mm. Head 10 in 
trunk, 21 in total length. Depth 3.5 in head, 38 in trunk, 68 in 
total length. Anal opening midway between tip of snout and tail. 
Origin of dorsal midway between gill opening and eye. No pectoral 
or vestige of same. Dorsal and anal not confluent around the bare 
pointed tail. Snout projecting, lower jaw short, extending slightly 
posterior of eye. Anterior nostril tubular, posterior nostril a tube 
extending down from upper lip. Teeth small, sharp pointed in a 
single row with a few additional teeth anteriorly. Color uniform 
brownish above, pale yellowish below. In life this eel is of a dis- 
tinctly red color. 
This species is related to C. filaria (Giinther), differing in the 
entire absence of pectorals, arrangement of teeth and in color. 
Holotype: No. 5500, Mus. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol., from Suva, 
Fiji Islands. Length 350 mm. Three paratypes, Nos. 5501, 5502, 
5503. 
MURAENIDAE 
Gymnothorax boschi (Bleeker). Bosch's Moray 
Rennell Island (2), June 13, 101-175. Head 6.7, depth 12. Teeth 
and coloring well shown in Dr. Bleeker's figure. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 343 
Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker. Moray 
Rennell Island (1), June 13, 168 mm. 
Gymnothorax marmorata Lacepede. Marbled Moray 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 123 mm. 
Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepede). Moray 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 323 mm. This is the form called 
M. isingleenoides by Dr. Bleeker and is well figured in his Atlas, 
Vol. 4, pi. 2>3, fig. 1.' 
Echidna nebulosa Ahl. Clouded Eel 
Tulagi, Florida Island (1), June 26, 328 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands 
(1), April 30, 134 mm. This species, well marked by its blunt teeth, 
is widely distributed over the Pacific. 
Strophidon brummeri (Bleeker). Brummer's Moray 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 30, 398 mm. Dorsal fin very high, 
no rim to posterior nostril. Color uniform with black specks on 
anterior portion of head. 
Larval Eels 
This collection contains several fine specimens of larval eels repre- 
senting a number of different species of which brief descriptions are 
given. All are flat, thin forms. 
(a) Sikaiana Island (3), May 14, 77-88 mm. These have large 
canines in lower jaw. No pectorals. Two distinct rows of 17 round 
black dots along the middle of body, and an additional row of dots 
along ventral edge alternating with the median spots. 
(6) Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 100 mm. A row of 6 black spots 
along the ventral margin except on the posterior third of body, where 
they are on middle of sides and are 4 in number. 
(c) Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 21, 45 mm. A 
single row of 8 large round spots along the middle of side from head 
to tail. 
(d) Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 28, 88 mm. Thickly pigmented 
with light brown spots entirely covering head and body. Perhaps 
it is the young of G. fiavomar ginatus . 
344 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
(e) Ugi Island (1), June 23, 55 mm. Entirely white except 
the anterior portion of head, which is thickly pigmented with 
black. 
(/) Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 23, 54 mm. White 
with a row of 26 small black dots near ventral surface and about 14 
on the middle of side from head to tail. A very short deep larva, 
depth 5.5 in length. 
(g) Star Harbor, San Cristoval Island (4), June 29, 54-59 mm. 
White without markings. Caudal large, no canine teeth. 
Synodontidae 
Saurus myops Bloch and Schneider. Lizard-fish 
Tulagi, Florida Island (7), May 19, 40-45 mm.; Kau Kau, Gui^d- 
alcanar Island (11), May 21, 30-45 mm.; Rennell Island (12), June 
12, 40-46 mm.; Tai Lagoon, Malaita Island (1), May 30, 45 mm. 
These are all larval forms but are easily distinguished by the black 
patches on the ventral surface as follows : 1 pair between pectorals 
and ventrals, 4 pairs between ventrals and anal. 
Saurus variegatus (Lacepede). Variegated Lizard-fish 
Tai Lagoon, Malaita Island (5), May 30, 37-45 mm.; Tulagi, 
Florida Island (1), May 19, 33 mm.; Santa Ana Island (1), June 30, 
40 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (4), May 21, 36-47 mm.; 
Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 18, 45 mm.; Rennell 
Island (4), June 12, 38-53 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands (3), April 28, 
40-46 mm. 
The larval form of this species is distinguished by the presence of 
2 pairs of dark patches between the pectorals and ventrals and 9 
pairs between ventrals and anal. 
Myctophidae 
Myctophum dumerili (Bleeker). Dumeril's Lantern-fish 
Suva, Fiji (1), April 30, 99 mm. Anal photophores 4 -f 5. 
Myctophum evermanni (Gilbert). Evermann's Lantern-fish 
Suva, Fiji (6), April 23, 19-56 mm. Anal photophores 8 + 5. 
Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque. Punctated Lantern-fish 
Vicinity of Suva, Fiji (1), September 29. Length 26 mm. Scales 
ctenoid, anal photophores 7 -|- 9. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 345 
Myctophum pristilepis (Gilbert and Cramer) 
Solomon Island Lantern-fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (4), May 22, 32-77 mm.; Sikaiana 
Island (8), May 11, 56-80 mm.; Bellona Island (1), June 22, 67 
mm.; Rennell Island (1), June 17, 80 mm. Anal photophores 7+4. 
Myctophum coccoi (Cocco). Cocco's Lantern-fish 
Bellona Island (2), June 20, 60-65 mm. In this species the 
scales are smooth. The caudal peduncle is long and slim. Anal 
photophores 6 + 10 (6 + 11). 
Belonidae 
Tylosurus indica Le Sueur. Salt-water Gar 
Bellona Island (1), June 20, 442 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoan 
Islands (1), April 14, 103 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), 
May 21, 18 mm. 
We give a short description of the fine large specimen from 
Bellona Island. Dorsal 2.21. Anal 2.20. Head 3.2 in length to end 
of vertebrae. Interorbital widening anteriorly; a patch of scales on 
its middle. Origin of ventrals midway between caudal and nostrils. 
No gill rakers. A distinct keel on tail. Posterior rays of dorsal 
about equal in length to first rays, the middle rays shorter. 
Color, bluish above, silvery below. Upper half of dorsal, distal 
half of pectorals, and upper two-thirds of caudal purple. A wide 
purple membrane on lower jaw. This is the lower "lip" which, 
according to Weber and Beauford, is, in the young, "produced into 
a flap-like organ." 
Tylosurus incisus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Gar 
Napani Atoll (2), May 8, 405-480 mm. Dorsal 2.18. Anal 2.21. 
No keel on tail. Opercle with scales. Caudal truncate. Origin of 
dorsal above second divided ray of anal. Blue above, silvery below. 
Fins white. 
Athlennes hians (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Deep Gar 
Suva, Fiji, April 25, 224 mm,; Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), 
May 18, 116 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar (2), May 22, 130-131 
mm. The short upper jaw and very long lower is a feature of these 
young specimens. 
346 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Hemiramphidae 
Euleptorhamphus longirostris (Cuvier). Longjaw 
Bellona Island (1), June 21, 332 mm. In this species the body is 
band like. Pectorals equal in length to the base of dorsal fin. 
Ventrals small. Length of lower jaw beyond upper is 3 in length 
of body without caudal. 
Hemirhamphus far (Forskal). Half beak 
Suva, Fiji (1), April 25, 152 mm. This species is easily distin- 
guished by the nine black spots on each side. 
Hemirhamphus convexus (Weber). Half beak 
Bellona Island (1), June 20, 60 mm. This species has the fore- 
head convex. The pectorals are equal to the length of the head. 
The upper jaw is twice as wide as long. 
Hemirhamphus georgii Cuvier and Valenciennes. Halfbeak 
Tulagi, Florida Islands (1), May 19, 85 mm.; Sikaiana Island (5), 
length 76-116 mm. This species has dorsal 16. Anal 17. Lower 
jaw, beyond tip of upper, one-third of total length. Origin of ven- 
trals nearer caudal than head. 
Hemirhamphus dussumieri Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Dussumier's Halfbeak 
Tulagi, Solomon Islands (1), May 19, 101 mm.; Vanikoro Island 
(3), July 7, 41-90 mm.; Tai Bay, Malaita (7), May 29, 27-30 mm.; 
Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), 57 mm.; Star Harbor, San 
Cristoval (1), June 29, 77 mm.; Anuda Island (1), August 15, 
67 mm. 
EXOCOETIDAE 
The collection of flying fishes secured by Mr. Templeton Crocker 
is of special interest and value. It contains forty-two specimens 
representing eleven distinct species. Two of these seem to be new 
to science and three others are very rare, including the second 
specimens of the peculiar C. bilobatus and of C. hexazona, and the 
fourth specimen of C. naresi ever recorded. 
Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus. Flying Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (2), 64-68 mm. Dorsal 14, anal 14. Ventrals 
short, their origin nearer tip of snout than to base of caudal. Origin 
of anal in line with origin of dorsal. Pectorals blue with white tip. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 347 
Evolantia microptera (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Short-fin Flying Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 23, 111 mm. This species is easily 
distinguished by the short pectoral fins which do not extend to the 
short ventrals. 
Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson) 
Common Flying Fish 
Without question two or more species of this genus are listed by 
most authors under the name brachypterus. Unfortunately, while our 
series is composed of 17 specimens, they are all young, the largest 
measuring but 90 mm., so that we are unable to clear up the matter. 
From Suva, Fiji, we have one specimen, measuring 90 mm., which has 
the dorsal 12, anal 13. Origin of ventral midway between end of 
vertebrae and tip of anal. Pectorals reaching anterior rays of anal 
only. Origin of anal on vertical with origin of dorsal. Pectorals 
white, ventrals gray in center, dorsal gray, anal white. Teeth on 
jaws, vomer, palatines and tongue. Two short barbels. Dorsal 
high, its depressed rays reaching well up on caudal. We also have 
five from Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz group, May 6. Length 
40-80. Dorsal 11, anal 11. Origin of ventrals midway between end 
of vertebrae and anterior margin of eye. No barbels. Two dark 
quarter bands under dorsal. Dorsal dark. 
Bellona Island (1), has the dorsal 12, anal 13. Tulagi, Florida 
Island (10 very young), May 19, length 17-35 mm.; Sikaiana Is- 
land (1), May 16, length 40 mm.; Tai Bay, Malaita Island (1), 
May 29, length 40 mm. All the above have teeth on jaws, vomer, 
palatines, and tongue. The origin of the dorsal is on a line with 
origin of anal. 
Cypselurus poecilopterus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Spotted-wing Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (1), June 21, 143 mm. This species is easily 
distinguished by the numerous ovate black spots on the pectorals. 
Our specimen also has black spots on ventrals and dorsal. Teeth on 
jaws and on palatines, none on vomer or tongue. Dorsal, 12, anal 
8, scales 44. 
Cypselurus bilobatus Weber. Two-barbed Flying Fish' 
Suva, Viti Levu Island (1), April 23, 84 mm. Distinguished by 
two barbels almost equal to length of head, one from each corner of 
mouth. Dorsal 13, anal 11. Pectorals blue at base with ovate spots 
348 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
on remainder of fin. Two broad black bands in front of ventrals on 
belly and sides. Origin of ventrals midway between end of caudal 
and anterior margin of eye. 
Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker). Small-scaled Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (1), June 20. A young specimen. 35 mm. Dorsal 
11, anal 8. Origin of ventral midway between end of last caudal 
vertebra and posterior margin of preopercle. Origin of anal under 
fifth dorsal ray. Pectorals blue, ventrals and dorsal with dark 
markings. No barbels. 
Cypselurus rondeletii (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Rondelet's Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (3), June 22, 24-36 mm. Dorsal 11, anal 13. 
Origin of ventrals midway between end of caudal vertebra and middle 
of eye. Origin of dorsal on a vertical through origin of anal. Ven- 
trals and pectorals long, second dorsal ray unbranched (but this 
may be immature). Ventrals are too far back in Cuvier's drawing. 
Cypselurus speculiger (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Pacific Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (1), taken with a night light five miles off shore 
June 20, 288 mm. 
Easily distinguished by the wide white bar on the pectorals and 
the small number (10) dorsal rays. 
Cypselurus simus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Hawaiian Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (1), June 20, 354 mm. Dorsal 13, anal 11. Scales 
about 50. Fins uniformly pale except outer upper surface of dorsal 
which is grayish. 
Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker). Solomon Island Flying Fish 
Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 18, 220 mm. "At- 
tracted by a submerged light." Dorsal 10, anal 9, scales 54. Teeth 
on jaws and palatines. Pectoral fin dark on upper two-thirds, lower 
third lighter, outer ventral rays grayish. 
Cypselurus naresi (Giinther). Barbed Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (1), June 22, 180 mm. Attracted by a night 
light. This fish has a peculiar apron-like barbel which in our speci- 
men is equal to the length of the head and as wide as the pupil of the 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 349 
eye. Dorsal 11, anal 9. Color in alcohol, brownish above, silvery 
below. Pectoral dark with the upper and lower rays white. Ven- 
trals black- with a lighter inner border. Lower part of anal and 
upper portion of caudal grayish, dorsal and anal white. 
This seems to be the fourth and largest recorded specimen of this 
species. 
Cypselurus zaca Scale, sp. nov. Zaca Flying Fish 
Plate 21, figs. 1 and 2 
Head 4.1; depth 5.5. Dorsal 11, anal 9. Pectorals long extending 
to the middle of dorsal, the first, second, and third rays simple, un- 
branched and considerably shorter than the remaining upper or 
middle rays of the fin. Eye large, 2.5 in head, being equal to the 
medium width of the interorbital. Snout less than half width of 
eye. Lower jaw oblique, no barbel. Ventrals long, extending to 
posterior part of anal, their origin midway between end of caudal 
vertebrae and posterior margin of preopercle. Origin of anal 
posterior to origin of dorsal, its rays scarcely reaching base of caudal. 
Dorsal rays not reaching to caudal, caudal well forked, the lower 
lobe much the longest. Teeth small, none on vomer or palatines. 
Color in life, blue above, silvery below and on sides, pectorals, 
ventrals, and tips of anal and dorsal grayish. Caudal white. 
Color in alcohol bluish above, silvery on sides and below. Pec- 
torals dark except webs of three lower rays which are white. Ven- 
trals dark except the inner and outer rays which are white. Dorsal 
and anal dark at tip. Caudal slightly shaded with grayish, espe- 
ciall}^ on the middle of lower lobe. 
Holotype: No. 5504, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol., from Suva, 
Fiji Islands, April 23, 1933, 116 mm. Plate 21, fig. 1. Paratype 
No. 5505, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol., from Bellona Island, 
June 20, 1933, 142 mm. Plate 21, fig. 2. The latter specimen 
seems to have its pectorals malformed, therefore I have taken the 
one of smaller size for the type. 
Cypselurus oxycephalus (Bleeker). Sharp-headed Flying Fish 
Bellona Island (2), June 20, 63 mm. Dorsal 12, anal 12, no 
barbels. Origin of dorsal on a line with the origin of anal. Origin 
of ventrals midway between end of caudal vertebrae and posterior 
margin of eye. 
350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Cypselurus crockeri Scale, sp. nov. Crocker's Flying Fish 
Plate 22, fig. 1 
Head 4.7 to end of caudal vertebrae; depth 5.7; dorsal 12; anal 8; 
about 35 scales in front of dorsal. Eye three in head being distinctly 
less than width of interorbital space which is concave; jaws equal. 
Teeth on jaws and palatines. Mouth and snout without projections 
or barbels. Maxillary ending on a line with posterior nostril. Pec- 
toral fins placed on a line with upper third of eye, their tip extending 
to dorsal, their length at least two in total length of fish (without 
caudal). Origin of ventrals midway between end of caudal vertebrae 
and middle of base of pectoral, being decidedly nearer to caudal than 
to head, their tips extending almost to caudal base. Anal short, its 
origin under the fifth ray of dorsal, being midway between origin of 
ventrals and first false rays of caudal. Dorsal very high, when 
depressed its middle rays extending well up on the rays of upper 
caudal lobe. Caudal well forked, its lower lobe greater than length 
of head. 
Color in life blue on back, silvery below. Pectoral, anal, ventral 
and dorsal fins black. Caudal gray on upper lobe, three red bars on 
lower lobe. 
In alcohol dusky, grayish below and on sides. Pectorals dark with 
membranes between the five lower rays slightly lighter. Ventrals 
dark with two inner rays lighter, dorsal and anal dark, caudal with 
lower lobe crossed by three dark bars. 
Holotype: No. 5506, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol. This flew 
on deck of the yacht Zaca near Rennell Island when at sea between 
Kungava Bay and Tuhangango, June 17, 1933. 
Named in honor of Mr. Templeton Crocker in recognition of his 
keen interest in scientific research. 
Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker). Banded Flying Fish 
Head 4; depth 4.8; eye 2.2 slightly greater than interorbital space, 
which is concave. Dorsal 12-13; anal 8-9. Lower jaw projecting. 
No barbels except in young. Pectorals extending to middle of dorsal. 
Origin of anal under sixth dorsal ray. Ventrals longer than head, 
extending to posterior of anal base, their origin being midway be- 
tween end of caudal vertebrae and middle of eye. Dorsal not 
elevated, its longest ray much less than head. Caudal well forked. 
At least 24 scales in front of dorsal fin. The lateral line very low on 
body and with about 50 scales. Color in life, blue above, silvery 
below, and on lower half of sides. Pectorals with a wide white band 
through the center and white on outer portion of rays, some darker 
oval spots on posterior half of fin. Ventrals with large black and 
white areas of irregular shape. Caudal with black tip and a black 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 351 
sub-marginal bar. Dorsal white with a black ovate area in center 
and three black spots at margin of fins. Anal white. 
Color in alcohol dull silvery with six dark bands showing on sides 
of body, the first just posterior of eye, the second below pectoral 
base, third midway between pectoral and ventral, fourth above base 
of ventrals, fifth below origin of dorsal, sixth on the caudal base. 
One specimen from Bellona Island, June 22, length 175 mm., and 
six young, length 25-65 mm. Young all have barbels and are banded 
on sides with the back uniform white. 
If this is the young of some other species, as Weber and Beaufort^ 
seem to think, it must maintain the bands for a considerable period, 
as our fish is apparently an adult. Our example has two more dorsal 
rays than the other known specimen, which was secured by Dr. 
Bleaker at Banka in 1853. 
Pleuronectidae 
Platophrys pantherinus (Riippell). Spotted Flounder 
Matema Island, Santa Cruz Group (1), July 8, 182 mm.; Pago 
Pago, Samoa (1), April 18, 28 mm.; Sikaiana Island (2), May 16, 
35-41 mm. In this species the pectoral rays are prolonged and reach 
to the caudal. Orbital ridge with blunt spines anteriorly. Inter- 
orbital space 4 in the head. Color variegated with dark green, anal 
rays 86. Eyes wide apart. 
Platophrys mancus (Broussonet). Mancus Flounder 
One larval unpigmented specimen from Pago Pago, Samoa, April 
18, 35 mm. 
Cynoglossidae 
Cynoglossus brachyrhynchus Bleeker. Tongue Fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (4), June 21, 30-33 mm. 
HOLOCENTRIDAE 
Holocentrus opercularis (Valenciennes). Soldier Fish 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (1), June 10, 230 mm. Color red 
with more or less distinct stripes. Spinous dorsal black with a row 
of white spots between the spines on the lower half of the fin, margin 
of the dorsal white. Eye large. Preopercle scarcely denticulate. 
' Weber and Beaufort, Indo-AustraJ. Fishes, Vol. IV, p. 185. 
352 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Holocentrus spinifer (Forskal). Spiny Soldier Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 25, 293 mm. Scales strongly dentic- 
ulate. Preopercular spine large. Spinous dorsal uniform yellowish. 
Holocentrus caudimaculatus Riippell. Soldier Fish 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (1), June 10, 137 mm. Fins uni- 
form pale pinkish. A white saddle over caudal peduncle just back 
of soft dorsal fin. 
Holocentrus diadema Lacepede. Crowned Soldier Fish 
Pago Pago, Tutuila Island (2), April 18, 37-53 mm. Spinous 
dorsal fin black with a broken white line through its center. 
Holocentrus sammara (Forskal). Soldier Fish 
Auki, Malaita Island (8), May 25, 34-37 mm.; Tai Bay, Malaita 
Island (16), May 29, 34-36 mm.; Ugi Island (3), June 30, 32-39 
mm.; Santa Ana Island (1), June 30, 36 mm.; Star Harbor, San 
Cristoval Island (4), June 29, 35-38 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island 
(1), May 19, 14 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands (2), April 23, 26-30 mm. 
In the adult there is always a large black spot on the anterior of the 
spinous dorsal extending to the 3-4 spine. 
Holocentrus punctatissimus Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 18, 110 mm. Color in 
alcohol silvery, with fine dark specks everywhere, and with opales- 
cent lighter lines along each row of scales. Spinous dorsal pale, with 
some milky-white markings on membrane and a small dark spot at 
base of anterior dorsal spine. 
Myripristis macrolepis (Bleeker). Squirrel Fish 
(M. melanosticUis of Weber and Beaufort) 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (6), May 21, 38-41 mm.; Auki, 
Malaita Island (9), May 25, 36-40 mm.; Tai Bay, Malaita Island 
(2), May 29, 30-45 mm.; Sikaiana Island (1), May 10, 40 mm. 
Dorsal XI 5. Scales 29 to end of vertebrae. As shown in Bleeker's 
figure of this species, there is a small but distinct flat spine at the 
angle of the preopercle. The coloring in alcohol is silvery. The 
caudal peduncle is yellowish followed by a darker area on the base 
of caudal rays. The spinous dorsal is yellowish with slightly darker 
shading at margin. Tips of ventrals dark. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 353 
Platacidae 
Platax teira (Forskal). Leaf Fish 
Santa Ana Island (1), July 4. Length 320 mm. A fine adult 
specimen caught while rod fishing. The}'^ were very abundant at 
this time and are considered a fine food fish. The young of this 
species float on their sides near the surface, and closely resemble 
leaves with which they are frequently associated, perhaps for pro- 
tection. The writer has, by mistake, caught the leaf in a dip net and 
allowed the fish, which he thought was the leaf, to escape! This 
species would make a most interesting aquarium fish. 
Platax orbicularis (Forskal). Round Leaf Fish 
One fine adult from Santa Ana Island, July 4. Length 280 mm. 
This species is the same as P. vespertillo of Bloch and Bleeker. Their 
specimens are immature forms. 
Syngnathidae 
Corythoichthys fasciatus (Gray). Banded Pipe Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (4), April 30, 67-95 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoa 
(15), April 19, 38-89 mm.; Auki, Malaita Island (2), May 25, 
63 mm.; Ugi Island (2), June 23, 53 mm.; Star Harbor, San Cristoval 
(1), June 29, 40 mm.; Rennell Island (3), June 12, 40-52 mm.; 
Tulagi, Florida Island (6), May 24, 26-37 mm. 
Dorsal 28. Rings 15 + 34. Body smooth. Banded with green 
except on under surface. 2+4 jet black marks back of the throat. 
Black lines on each side of the throat. Snout with paired black dots. 
Corythoichthys crenulatus (Weber). Crenulated Pipe Fish 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 31-53 mm.; Star Harbor, San 
Cristoval Island (1), June 19, 52 mm. 
Syngnathus spicifer (Riippell). Pipe Fish 
Pago Pago, Samoa (4), April 19, 95 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands (2), 
April 30, 50-83 mm.; Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (6), May 23, 
39-52 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island (1), May 24, 92 mm. In this 
species the rings are 16 + 40. The body is smooth. Opercle with 
keel. Small black dots on sides of cheeks. 
Syngnathus uncinatus (Weber). Pipe Fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (3), May 21, 50-55 mm. These 
have a median denticulated keel on snout and also keels over each 
eye. Opercle with a single longitudinal keel from which radiate fine 
354 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
lines. Color greenish with white cross bars on tail. This is the 
second time this species has been recorded. 
Coelonotus leiaspis (Bleeker). Round Pipe Fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 21, 69 mm.; Suva, Fiji 
Islands (1), April 30, 84 mm. 
This species has no opercular keel. Origin of anal vmder anterior 
third of dorsal. Dorsal rays 52. Color green with about 6 white 
bands on the tail. 
AULOSTOMIDAE 
Aulostomus valentini (Bleeker). Coronet Fish 
Rennell Island (1), June 17, 145 mm. Color bright yellow. Two 
black spots on caudal fin. 
FiSTULARIIDAE 
Fistularia petimba Lacepede. Trumpet Fish 
Pago Pago, Samoa (5), April 15, 150-170 mm.; Auki, Malaita 
Island (8), May 26, 109 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island (1), June 26, 
109 mm.; Star Harbor, San Cristoval (1), June 29, 160 mm.; 
Rennell Island (3), June 17, 139-155 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar 
Island (6), May 21, 85-166 mm.; Tai Lagoon, Malaita Island (5), 
May 30, 155-166 mm.; Santa Ana Island (1), July 3, 864 mm. 
The color of the adult specimen was brownish on back, white below. 
Dorsal, anal, caudal and pectorals uniformly yellowish. 
Atherinidae 
Atherina uisila Jordan and Scale. Silversides 
Pago Pago, Samoa (2), April 16, 80 mm.; Rennell Island (14), 
June 12, 38-48 mm. 
Atherina lacunosa Forster. Silversides 
Pago Pago, Samoa (37, young), 15-25 mm.; Vdnikoro Island (1), 
July 12, 33 mm. These show a dark stripe on posterior half of body 
which fades out anteriorly; 
Atherina forskSli Riippell. Silversides 
Suva, Fiji Islands (7), April 25, 67-75 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Is- 
land (10), June 25, 35-80 mm.; Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (5), 
May 18, 34-36 mm.; Sikaiana Island (2), May 12, 60-67 mm. ;^ 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 355 
Tai Bay, Guadalcanar Island (8), May 29, 29-69 mm.; Star 
Harbor, San Cristoval Island (2), June 29, 56-57 mm. These have 
42 scales in the lateral series. The anal pore is located between the 
last fifth of the depressed ventrals. A distinct silver}^ stripe equal 
to width of pupil on each side. 
Atherina valenciennesi Bleaker. Silversides 
Tulagi, Florida Island (34), June 25, 34-69 mm.; Guadalcanar 
Island (1), May 29, 45 mm.; Malaita Island (1), May 25, 26 mm.; 
Aola Ba}^ Guadalcanar Island (3), May 18, 30 mm.; Vanikoro 
Island (3), July 12, 50-54 mm. The anal pore is located between 
the anterior third of depressed ventrals. There are 7-8 scales in 
advance of origin of dorsal. 
Atherina temmincki Bleeker. Silversides 
Tai Bay, Guadalcanar Island (2), May 29, 51-61 mm.; Mohawk 
Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 7, 91 mm. Body cylindrical. Anal 
pore in line with origin of dorsal. 
MUGILIDAE 
Liza caeruleomaculata (Lacepede). Mullet 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (1), June 9, 409 mm.; Pago Pago, 
Samoa (26), April 18, 31-47 mm.; Star Harbor, San Cristoval 
Island (1), June 29, 45 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island (1), June 26, 
48 mm. Anal III 9. There are 38 scales along the median line. 
Lips rather thick, no adipose eyelid. A black spot present in axil 
of pectoral. 
Liza waigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard). Mullet 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (2), June 9, 255 mm.; Matema 
Island (1), July 7, 177 mm. Anal III 8, scales 28. No adipose 
evelid. Pectorals black. 
Liza troscheli (Bleeker). Mullet 
Suva, Fiji Group (17, young), April 25, 30-84 mm. 
Liza ceramensis (Bleeker). Mullet 
Malaita Island (4), May 26, 49-53 mm. Anal III 9, scales 29. 
No adipose eyelid. Upper lip thick. Origin of the dorsal much 
nearer caudal than to tip of snout. '• 
356 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Sphyraenidae 
Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier and Valenciennes. Barracuda 
Santa Ana Island (1), June 30, 482 mm. Scales 116. Color 
silver}^, darker above. 
SCOMBRIDAE 
Scomber microlepidotus Riippell. Mackerel 
Pago Pago, Samoa (3), April 16, 27-29 mm. 
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. Mackerel Scad 
Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (6), May 18, 40-45 mm.; Kau 
Kau, Guadalcanar Island (3), May 21, 49-51 mm. 
Carangidae 
Scomberoides sancti-petri (Cuvier). Mackerel Jack 
Tulagi, Florida Island (6), May 19, 30-46 mm. 
Caranx marginatus Gill. Ca valla 
Tai Lagoon, Malaita Island (4), May 30, 204-215 mm.; Rennell 
Island (2), June 17, 323 mm.; Vanikoro Island (7), July 12, 20-41 
mm. 
This species resembles Caranx hippos but differs in having the 
breast fully scaled. Our specimens have dorsal VIII 22. Anal II I 
16. Scutes 32. The breast is fully scaled. A small but distinct 
black spot at upper axil of opercle. A shaded dark blotch on lower 
rays of the pectoral. 
This collection also contained six specimens of very young Caranx 
which may belong to this species. They were secured at Pago Pago, 
Samoa, April 14, from among the tentacles of the common Samoan 
Jellyfish. These have the posterior margin of the preopercle strongl}^ 
toothed for its entire length. They may represent the genus Car- 
angichthys of Bleeker. 
Caranx ascensionis (Osbeck). Cavalla 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (2), May 22, 29-30 mm. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 357 
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard. Cavalla 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 18, 30 mm.; Rennell Island (1), 
June 9, 195 mm.; Bellona Island (1), June 20, 460 mm. Silvery 
with 5 indistinct dark bands. Dorsal VIII I 23. Anal II I 18. 
Teeth in jaws, vomer and palatines, canines anteriorly. Scutes 28. 
Caranx afiinis Riippell. Cavalla 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 24, 104 mm. Opercular spot dis- 
tinct, breast fully scaled. Caudal yellow. 
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch). Thread Fin 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 18, 33 mm.; Aola Bay, Guadalcanar 
Island (2), May 23, 29-30 mm. The dorsal and anal filaments are 
about twice the depth of the body. Bands indistinct. 
Trachurops crumenophthalma (Bloch). Big-eyed Scad 
Vanikoro Island (1), July 13, 275 mm. A fleshy projection into 
the gill chambers and the fully plated lateral line are distinctive 
field markings. 
Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy and Gaimard). Runner 
One fine large specimen from between Malaita and Florida Islands, 
May 25, taken while trolling. This is a fine game fish distributed 
throughout the tropical Pacific. 
Apogonidae 
Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Cardinal Fish 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 10, 62 mm. 
Apogon savayensis Giinther. Cardinal Fish 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (2), July 10, 32-40 mm. 
Apogon orbicularis Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Tulagi, Florida Island (1), May 24, 15 mm. This species may be 
distinguished by the black ventrals, the dark oblique line from the 
dorsal to the ventral surface, and the black spots on posterior portion 
of bodv. 
358 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Apogon asaedae Scale, sp. nov. Cardinal Fish 
Plate 23, fig. 1 
Head 2.7 to end of vertebra. Depth less than head. Dorsal VII 9. 
Anal II 8. Scales 24 in lateral series. The lateral line complete. 
Teeth sharp pointed, in two or more rows. Teeth on the palatine. 
Preopercle smooth. E^'e 3.7 in head. Maxillary ending under 
middle of eye, its distal end of greater width than pupil. Caudal 
forked. No elongated fins. Ventrals when depressed extending 
beyond origin of anal. 
This fish is distinctively marked. The head is lighter in color than 
the body. There are four, closely placed, black bands radiating from 
the eye, the upper one extending on the nuchal region and uniting 
with its fellow, the second extending back along the edge of the 
opercle, the third obliquely across the cheeks and the fourth obliquely 
down and back from the eye. 
The pectorals, ventrals and spinous dorsal are chiefly jet black. 
The basal-half of the soft dorsal and anal are black. The caudal is 
white. 
Holotype: No. 5507 and paratypes Nos. 5508, 5509, 5510, Mus. 
Calif. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol. 
Four specimens, length 20-21 mm., collected at Pago Pago, 
Tutuila Island, Samoa, April 14, 1933, by Toshio Asaeda, the 
skillful artist of the Crocker Expedition, for whom I take pleasure 
in naming this species. 
Apogon lateralis Valenciennes. Cardinal Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 20, 39 mm. 
Foa fo Jordan and Scale. Samoan Cardinal Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (16), April 30, 20-30 mm. These agree per- 
fectly with the description and figure given by Jordan and Scale in 
Bull. U. S. Bureau Fisheries, 25, 1906, p. 248, fig. 42. 
Ambassidae 
Ambassis interrupta Bleeker. Glass Fish 
Auki, Malaita Island (7), May 26, 56-85 mm. In this species 
the second dorsal spine is very long with the point turned forward. 
The first and third anal spines are almost equal in length, the second 
is directed forward at tip. A black stripe on each caudal lobe, black 
on web of first dorsal spine, and on webs of first and third anal 
spines. Two rows of scales on cheeks. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 359 
Ambassis vaivasensis Jordan and Scale. Glass Fish 
Suva, Fiji (12), April 24, 24-74 mm. Our specimens agree fully 
with Jordan and Scale's description and figure (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. 
25, 1906, p. 254, fig. 47). 
KUHLIIDAE 
Kuhlia caudovittata (Lacepede). Island Bass 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 28, 70 mm. This species has caudal 
well forked and a single wide oblique black band on each lobe. The 
body is covered with irregular shaped dark spots. Soft dorsal and 
anal with spots. 
Kuhlia taeniura (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Island Bass 
Bellona Island (1), June 22, 41 mm. Body silvery, caudal with 
two oblique dusky bands and a central bar in middle of fin. 
Serranidae 
Epinephelus merra Bloch. Honeycomb Bass 
Rennell Island (8), July 8, 77-205 mm.; Sikaiana Island (1), 
May 16, 64 mm.; Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 10, 65 
mm. Entire body except belly covered with distinct hexagonal 
spots. 
Epinephelus corallicola (Valenciennes). Spotted Bass 
Matema Island, Swallow Group (1), July 3, 295 mm. Scattered 
blue spots with dark margins on body and fins, except pectorals and 
ventrals, the latter fins being margined with dusky. 
Cephalopholis urodelus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Sea Bass 
Tucopia Island (1), May 5, 296 mm. Body yellowish with small 
dark dots. Caudal rounded without bars. Dorsal IX 15. 
Variola louti (Forskal). Sea Bass 
Santa Ana Island (1), July 3, 380 mm.; Anuda Island (1), 
July 16, 280 mm. Dorsal spines nine. Caudal lobes elongated. 
Color red with blue spots. 
Petrometopon pachycentron (Valenciennes). Black Sea Bass 
Tulagi, Florida Island (I), June 26, 135 mm. Uniform dark 
brown. The dorsal, caudal and anal narrowly edged with white. 
360 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE 
Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Bleeker). Chromid 
Rennell Island (2), June 13, 35-41 mm. Maxillary extending 
posterior to eye. Large white spots over body. A large black spot 
on opercle. 
Priacanthidae 
Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacepede). Bigeye 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 1934, 53 mm. Dorsal and ventral 
fins mottled with black, 
Pempheridae 
Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier. Cataluf 
Anuda Island (1), August 15, 75 mm. No black spot at base oE 
ventrals. Caudal with a black tip. 
LUTIANIDAE 
Lutianus marginatus (Cuvier). Marginate Snapper 
Palmyra Island (2), April 3, 224-255 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoa 
(8, young), April 16, 34-45 mm. Dorsal X 15. Anal III 8. In the 
young the color is white with dark margin on the spinous dorsal fin. 
Lutianus gibbus (Forskal). Long-nose Snapper 
Tucopia Island, Santa Cruz Group (1), May 5, 283 mm. 
Lutianus bohar (Forskal). Red Snapper 
Star Harbor, San Cristoval Island (4), June 23, 20-25 mm. 
Lutianus kasmira (Forskal). Blue and Gold Snapper 
Anuda Island (1), July 16, 211 mm. 
Lutianus semicinctus Quoy and Gaimard 
Half-banded Snapper 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 21, 30 mm. Even in 
these young the bands and the spot on base of caudal show 
distinctly. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 361 
Nemipterus metopias (Bleeker). Snapper 
Auki Bay, Malaita Island (1), May 25, 213 mm. No teeth on 
vomer, palatine or tongue. 4-6 canines in each jaw, preopercle 
entire. 3 rows of scales on cheeks. Fins not elongated. Color uni- 
form yellowish white, a pale line through base of dorsal fin. 
Lethrinidae 
Lethrinus leutjanus Lacepede. Plain Porgy 
Anuda Island (1), July 16, 320 mm. Color uniform yellowish 
brown. 
Lethrinus reticulatus (Valenciennes). Porgy 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), Ma^^ 21, 25 mm. 
Pentapus aurolineatus (Lacepede). Yellow Striped Porgy 
Santa Ana Island (1), July 3, 233 mm. A distinct silvery area at 
posterior exis of soft dorsal. A short silvery stripe at origin of lateral 
line, and another two scales below this. Three yellow stripes on 
sides. Eye large, greater than length of snout. 
Sparidae 
Monotaxis grandoculis (Forskal). Bigeye, Pargo 
Stewart Island (1), May 11, 287 mm. Big molar teeth on sides 
of jaw. Eye very large. Angle of snout more than 45 degrees. 
Brown with 2-3 lighter bands over back. 
Kyphosidae 
Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard). Pilot Fish 
Bellona Island (1), June 22, 45 mm. 
Gerridae 
Gerres poeti Cuvier and Valenciennes. Slipmouth 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 10, 133 mm. Uniform 
silvery, with dark spots between dorsal rays at base of fin. 
Gerres filamentosus Cuvier and Valenciennes. Slipmouth 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (1), June 9, 164 mm. Silvery 
with 6-7 dark bands down the sides. 
362 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
MULLIDAE 
Upeneus vittatus (Forskal). Goat Fish 
Vanikoro Island (1), July 13, 251 mm.; Sikaiana Island (4), 
May 10, 40-44 mm.; Ugi Island (1), June 23, 36 mm. This 
species has 4-5 oblique bands on the caudal, one of the bands of the 
lower lobe always of considerably greater width than others. 
Upeneus tragula Richardson. Goat Fish 
Star Harbor, San Cristoval Island (2), June 24, 25-27 mtn.; 
Tulagi, Florida Island (2), May 19, 30-37 mm.; Aola Bay, Guadal- 
canar Island (1), May 23, 32 mm.; Sikaiana Island (1), May 10, 
48 mm.; Ugi Island (1), June 23, 35 mm.; Sikaiana Island (4), 
May 10, 40-48 mm.; Uras Cove, Malaita Island (3), May 28, 
40-43 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoa (4), April 16, 40-45 mm. 
Pseudupeneus barberinus (Lacepede). Goat Fish 
Tulagi Island (1), June 26, 40-43 mm.; Auki, Malaita Island (2), 
May 15, 45-48 mm.; Uras Cove, Malaita Island (3), May 27, 
48-49 mm.; Ugi Island (4), June 23, 45-46 mm.; Santa Ana Island 
(1), May 23, 47 mm.; Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 23, 
49 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island (1), June 26, 40-43 mm. 
This species may be distinguished by the black line from snout 
to near the caudal, and the black spot on the caudal peduncle. 
Pseudupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepede). Goat Fish 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 92 mm.; Auki, Malaita Island (6);, 
May 15, 45-47 mm. 
Pseudupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett). Goat Fish 
Ugi Island (1), June 23, 61 mm.; Santa Ana Island (1), June 30, 
63 mm. A distinct round black spot on side below the interval of 
the two dorsal fins. 
Pseudupeneus indicus (Shaw). Goat Fish 
Mohawk Bay, Lonilom Island (1), July 10, 237 mm. Distin- 
guished by the golden spot below liind portion of spinous dorsal, and 
the large black spot on side of caudal peduncle. 
Mulloides samoensis Gunther. Goat Fish 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island(2), June 9, 195-282 mm. ■ " 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 363 
CiRRHITIDAE 
Cirrhitus marmoratus Lacepede. Sleepers 
Tulagi, Florida Island (1), June 25, 79 mm. 
Chaetodontidae 
Chaetodon lunula (Lacepede). Butterfly Fish 
Pago Pago, Samoa (23, young), April 16, 11-13 mm.; Star 
Harbor, San Cristoval Island (71, young), June 29, 10-12 mm.; 
Ugi Island (1), June 23, 19 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands (8), April 26, 
19-22 mm. The young all have the heavy spine below the opercle, 
and two large scalelike plates on the shoulders. All show the ocular 
band, and the dark area on the caudal peduncle. 
Chaetodon flavirostris Giinther. Butterfly Fish 
Pago Pago, Samoa (2, young), April 18, 11 mm. These have a 
wide black orbital band which extends up on the nuchal region, and 
a rather wide black area posteriorly from the dorsal across the caudal 
peduncle to anal. 
Heniochus varius (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Humpback 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 15, 40 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar 
Island (1), May 23, 31 mm. In this species the 4-5 dorsal spines are 
prolonged, these young show the beginning of the characteristic 
hump of the anterior profile. 
Zanclidae 
Zanclus canescens (Linnaeus). Moorish Idol 
Pago Pago, Samoa (2), April 16, 72-75 mm. 
ACANTHURIDAE 
Naso unicornis (Forskal). Unicorn Fish 
Pago Pago, Sarnoa (3), April 15, 20 mm. These correspond 
closely to Garrett's figure in Giinther's "Sudsee" pi. IX, fig. E. 
There are three or four rows of indistinct spots on the sides. 
Acanthurus lituratus Schneider. Surgeon Fish 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 11, 246 mm. The upper and; lower 
rays of caudal greatly prolonged. Color black, a line from eye down 
shout and around upper lip. Base of caudal spines in single yellow 
area. 
364 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Hepatus triostegus (Linnaeus). Striped Tang 
Santa Ana Island (1), July 2, 167 mm.; Tai Lagoon, Malaita 
Island (1), May 29, 62 mm. The young show about 6 dark bands 
on sides. 
Hepatus dussumieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Brown Tang 
Uras Cove, Malaita Island (2), May 27, 27 mm.; Ugi Island (1), 
June 23, 28 mm. 
Hepatus giintheri (Jenkins). Common Tang 
One large specimen No. 0762. Length 448 mm. 
Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch). Bigfin Tang 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 14, 31 mm. Numerous dark bands 
over the body. It is well figured in Giinther's "Siidsee" pi. 76, fig. C, 
under the name of A. flavescens. 
SiGANIDAE 
Siganus rivulatus (Forskal). Rivulated Stinging Fish 
Aola Bay, Guadalcanar Island (4), May 21, 34-36 mm. Char- 
acterized by 6 dark bands and diffused markings. 
Siganus tetrazonus (Bleeker). Stinging Fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (24), May 21, 21-40 mm.; Aola 
Bay, Guadalcanar Island (7), May 23, 23-35 mm.; Uras Cove, 
Malaita Island (1), May 28, 25 mm. 
SCORPAENIDAE 
Synanceja verrucosa Schneider. Ugly Mug 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 205 mm. This is probably the 
ugliest known fish. 
Sebastapistes laotale Jordan and Scale. Scorpion Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 30, 33 mm.; Mohawk Bay, Lomlom 
Island (1), July 10, 34 mm. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES * 365 
Scorpaenopsis novae-guineae (Cuvier). Scorpion Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 24, 34 mm. 
Scorpaenopsis cookii (Giinther). Cook's Scorpion Fish 
Rennell Island (1), June 13, 50 mm. 
Sebastopsis guamensis (Quoy and Gaimard) 
Guam Scorpion Fish 
Rennell Island (1), June 13, 35 mm. 
Aploactidae 
Aploactis milesii Richardson. Velvet Fish 
One of these rare little fishes from Suva, Fiji Islands, April 24, 
53 mm. No scales apparent, the skin being velvety. Origin of dor- 
sal fin above orbit. Anterior dorsal spine longest. 
Cephalacanthidae 
Cephalacanthus orientalis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) . 
Sea Robin 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (6), May 21, 10-12 mm. These are 
larval forms. The large black pectorals and the long slim ventrals 
are characteristic of the species. 
POMACENTRIDAE 
Premnas biaculeatus (Bloch) 
Rennell Island (12, young), June 13, 29-39 mm. 
Amphiprion percula (Lacepede). Anemone Fish 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 27 mm. Color markings, yellow 
with three white bands bordered with black. 
Pomacentrus lividus (Schneider). Livid Damsel Fish 
Sikaiana Island (3), May 16, 45-104 mm.; Star Harbor, San 
Cristoval Island (36), June 29, 10-12 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar 
Island (25), May 21, 9-12 mm.; Ugi Island, June 23, 10-12 mm. 
366 CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
This species has 12 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines. A broad naked 
preorbital and snout. Small blue dots on most of the scales and 
some larger blue spots on cheeks and head. No black spot in axil 
of fin. 
Pomacentrus nigricans (Lacepede). Black Damsel Fish 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 115 mm.; Sikaiana Island (1), May 
16, 37 mm. Color dark brown, a black spot on posterior axil of 
soft dorsal fin and at axil of pectorals. A blue line on sub-opercles. 
The preorbital is narrower than in P. lividus. 
Pomacentrus prosopotaenia Bleeker. Spotted Damsel Fish 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 14, 22 mm. This species has small blue 
dots on the scales, and a large black ocellus with white border at the 
posterior axil of the soft dorsal. 
Pomacentrus bifasciatus Bleeker 
Sikaiana Island (36, young). May 16, 10-14 mm. 
Abudefduf uniocellatus (Bleeker). One-spot Damsel Fish 
(Probably not of Quoy and Gaimard) 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (5), July 10, 22-37 mm. These 
specimens are all a vivid blue with belly and throat lighter. No 
spots on scales, spinous dorsal as dark as the body, other fins yellow- 
ish white, the anal with a narrow terminal black line. A black line 
as wide as pupil through the eye uniting with its fellow around snout 
and extending to origin of lateral line. A large black ocellus occupies 
the bases of 3-4 dorsal rays, no dark spot in axil of this fin. A 
distinct black line from tip of snout midway between eyes to origin 
of dorsal fin. 
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 18, 18 mm. Even in this very small 
specimen the dark stripe extending out on each caudal lobe is quite 
distinct. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 367 
Abudefduf atrapinna Seale, sp. nov. Black-fin Damsel Fish 
Plate 22, fig. 2 
Head 3. Depth 2. Dorsal XII 14. Anal II 12. Scales 32, 22 in 
lateral line which is incomplete. Teeth in a single series. Pre- 
opercle unarmed. Anterior dorsal spines the longest. Caudal forked. 
Body yellowish. Each scale on uppej* half of body with a brown 
vertical mark, or with 3-4 dark dots. Upper two-thirds of pectorals 
jet black. Basal half of dorsal spines jet black. A large black 
ocellus on posterior portion of spinous dorsal and extending on to the 
rays. Soft dorsal with a black area at its base. Caudal, soft dorsal, 
and anal yellow. Ventrals yellow with black tips. 
Type: No. 5511, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol. Sikaiana 
Island, 18 mm. Paratypes: Nos. 5512, 5513, Mus. Calif. Acad. 
Sci., Ichthyol. Tulagi, Florida Island, May 19, 16-18 mm. 
Abudefduf azysron (Bleeker). Damsel Fish 
Mohawk Bay, Reef Island (2), July 10, 49-64 mm. Char- 
acterized by the dark body and yellow on posterior of soft dorsal. 
Caudal yellowish with dark margin. Preopercle entire. 
Abudefduf antjerius (Kuhl and Van Hasselt). Damsel Fish 
Pago Pago, Samoa (2), April 18, 12 mm.; Mohawk Bay, Lomlom 
Island (2), July 7, 26-36 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island (6), May 19, 
18-20 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 28, 19 mm. Bluish, a wide 
blue line from tip of snout backward over the back to the black 
ocellus. Dorsal with black margin. 
Abudefduf bonang (Bleeker). Three-eyed Damsel Fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (63, young). May 22, 14-22 mm.; 
Sikaiana Island (3), May 16, 21-23 mm. Dorsal XIII 11. Anal 
II 12. Scales 27. 17 in lateral line which ends under posterior 
portion of dorsal. A black ocellus on base of last 5 dorsal spines, 
this mark impinging somewhat on the back. No black in axil of 
any fin. 
Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepede). Black-tail Damsel Fish 
Suva, Fiji Islands (5), April 24, 43-64 mm. 
Abudefduf glaucus (Cuvier). Glaucous Damsel Fish 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 10, 52 mm. 
368 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Abudefduf leucozonus (Bleeker). Damsel Fish 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 10, 30 mm. Brown in 
color with a white bar down on the side from 4-6 dorsal spines. A 
large black ocellus on posterior of spinous dorsal. 
Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus). Coral Beauty 
Rennell Island (3), June 12, length 38-44 mm.; Sikaiana Island 
(10), May 14, 22-46 mm.; Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), 
July 10, 52 mm. Color white with three black bands, caudal and 
pectoral white. 
Dascyllus melanurus Bleeker. Coral Beauty 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 26 mm.; Sikaiana Island (7), May 14, 
26-52 mm.; Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), Jul}^ 10, 20 mm. 
Similar to preceding species, but with caudal chiefly black. 
Chromis caeruleus (Cuvier). Sea Blue Fish 
Aola, Lomlom Island (1), May 18, 68 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Is- 
land (13), May 16, 32-37 mm.; Rennell Island (1), May 21, 
22 mm.; Pago Pago, Samoa (20), April 18, 16-22 mm. In these 
very young the preopercle is strongly toothed, the teeth are sharply 
pointed, the maxillary extends to below the anterior margin of the 
eye. Depth equal to length of head, 2.7 in total length (without 
caudal). Eye greater than snout. Dorsal XIII 12. Anal II 3. 
Scales 24. Color in life pale bluish green. Color in alcohol yellowish- 
white, fins uniform. 
Chromis bitaeniatus Fowler and Bean 
Rennell Island (1), May 21, 11 mm. It is of interest to note that 
this is the second specimen of the species ever secured. The type 
was from the Philippine Islands. 
Chromis cinerascens (Cuvier) 
Tulagi, Florida Islands (34), June 25, 15-21 mm.; Rennell 
Island (37), May 21, 20-22 mm.; Tai Bay, Malaita Island (22), 
May 29, 10-15 mm.; Sikaiana Island (14), May 16, 10-21 mm.; 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 7, 16 mm.; Star Harbor, 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 369 
San Cristoval Island (1), June 29, 17 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar 
Island (25), May 21, 16-24 mm. 
These young chromids are white in color, with a dark stripe from 
base of caudal to near the center of the body. The caudal is deeply 
forked. There are 14 dorsal spines. Seventeen scales in the lateral 
line which ends under the beginning of the soft dorsal. 
CORIDAE 
Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch). Biglip 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 11, 336 mm. Distinguished by the 
extraordinary broad lips, the light colored shoulder band, the 
mottled nose, and the dark body. 
Coris gaimardi (Quoy and Gaimard). Gaimard's Wrasse 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 229 mm. Posterior part of body 
with bright blue spots, caudal golden. 
Cheilinus undulatus Ruppell. Pig Fish 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 16, 430 mm. 
Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus). Moon Wrasse 
Palmyra Island (1), April 3, 210 mm. Distinguished by the 
elongated deep blue area on upper half of pectoral and the deeply 
lunated caudal with its sub-margin of deep blue. 
Thalassoma herrei Scale, sp. nov. Wrasse Fish 
Plate 23, fig. 2 
Head 3.5 in length to end of caudal vertebrae. Depth 3.5. 
Dorsal VIII 13. Anal III 11. Scales 26, 12 in a cross series at 
origin of dorsal, 7 before dorsal. Lateral line complete, but bent on 
posterior portion of body. Teeth sharp, pointed, the anterior ones 
slightly enlarged, no posterior canines. Caudal fin truncate, equal 
in length to head. 
Color in alcohol greenish, a large black blotch at the base of the 
anterior portion of soft dorsal, a second dark blotch at base of 
caudal, a red line through middle of soft dorsal. Pectorals with a 
deep blue area on the upper third of the fin as in T. lunare. 
This is closely related to T. lunare, and in fact may be an immature 
stage of that species, but if so it has never been described or illus- 
370 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
trated. It is easily distinguished from other species of Thalassoma 
by the large black spot on base of soft dorsal and at base of 
caudal. 
Holotype: No. 5514, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ichthyol. Tulagi, 
Florida Island, June 26, 1933, 111 mm. Named in honor of 
Dr. Albert W. Herre in recognition of his extensive work on Pacific 
fishes. 
Thalassoma schwanefeldii (Bleeker) 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 14, 62 mm. 
Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker) 
Sikaiana Island (2), May 14, 34-35 mm. These show but 6 
white stripes; the black ocellus on upper portion of caudal peduncle is 
quite distinct. Lips crossed with 4-5 jet black lines. 
Cirrhilabrus solorensis (Bleeker) 
(Not C. jordani Snyder) 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 14, 41 mm. 
SCARIDAE 
Callyodon bicolor (Riippell). Black-speckled Parrot Fish 
Sikaiana Island (1), May 11, 380 mm. Body, except back and 
front of head, profusely spotted with black dots usually 2-5 on 
each scale. 
Scarichthys auritus (Valenciennes) 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 29, No. 1012, 60 mm. 
GOBIIDAE 
Ophiocara aporos (Bleeker). Golden Goby 
Suva, Fiji Islands (2), April 24, 117-121 mm. Dorsal VI 9. 
Anal 11. Scales 28. Yellowish. Darker above. An irregular dark 
stripe on middle of side. A narrow oblique line back from eye. 
V-OL. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 371 
Gnatholepis puntangoides (Bleeker) 
Auki Harbor, Malaita Island (1), May 26, 101 mm. Dorsal VI 
12. Anal 11. Scales 26. Dark brownish above, light below with 
10-12 bars of color extending downward. Dorsal and caudal with 
dark spots, dorsal rays slightly elongated. 2 grooves divide cheeks 
into 2 rows of scales. 
Gnatholepis deltoides (Seale) 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 24, 23 mm. 
Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker) 
Suva, Fiji Islands (2), April 19, 17-19 mm. 
Eleotris fusca (Bloch and Schneider) 
Three from a lake on Rennell Island, August 6, 103-120 mm. 
Glossogobius biocellatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Auki, Malaita Island (1), May 26, 67 mm. 
Eviota afelei Jordan and Seale 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 20 mm. 
Zonogobius semidoliatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), June 7, 30 mm. This dainty 
little species is beautifully marked with distinct bands on head and 
anterior of body. 
Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (2), August 10, 29-32 mm. Dis- 
tinguished by the notched tongue, the thread-like rays on upper base 
of pectoral and the color. 
Gobius ornatus Ruppell 
Bellona Island (1), June 20, 80 mm. Distinguished by the free 
silk-like rays on upper base of pectoral, the rounded tongue, rows 
of dark spots on sides, and dark lines on the dorsal and anal. 
372 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Rhinogobius neophytus (Giinther) 
Suva, Fiji Islands (3), April 28, 31 mm. 
Rhinogobius criniger (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 24, 15 mm. 
Gobiodon citrinus (Riippell) 
Rennell Island (16), June 13, 15-23 mm. 
Gobiodon rivulatus (Riippell) 
Rennell Island (8), June 13, 25-38 mm. 
Paragobiodon xanthosomus (Bleeker) 
Rennell Island (11), June 13, 24-35 mm.; Sikaiana Island (16), 
May 14, 23-33 mm. Brown with red head. 
Paragobiodon melanosomus (Bleeker) 
Rennell Island (9), June 13, 15-23 mm. Color jet black. 
ECHENEIDAE 
Leptecheneis naucrates (Linnaeus). Shark-pilots 
Bellona Island (1), June 20, 52 mm. 
Parapercidae 
Parapercis hexophthalma (Cuvier). Spotted Round Perch 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (1), June 10, 156 mm. Upper 
surface and cheeks profusely spotted, a large black area on caudal. 
Five black ocelli with white borders located on short half-bands on 
lower half of side. A light colored area along middle of side from 
head to caudal. 
Vol. XXI) SEALE— FISHES 373 
Blenniidae 
Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas). Mud Skipper 
Vanikoro Island (1), May 6, 105 mm.; Mohawk Bay, Lomlom 
Island (1), July 10, 120 mm. Scales more than 80 in lateral series. 
Petroscirtes tapeinosoma Bleeker. Eel Blenny 
Sikaiana Island (2), May 16, 64 mm. Upper half of body dark. 
Pale blue below. A dark bar extending to tip of caudal on the sides, 
the bar broken up into numerous small sections. Teeth of upper jaw 
long; fixed canines in lower jaw. 
Petroscirtes anema Bleeker. Blenny 
Auki Bay, Malaita Island (9), May 26, 30-60 mm. 
Identified as P. anema of Bleeker with reluctance as there seem 
very definite points wherein they differ from his description. Our 
specimens all show a fin count of dorsal 30, anal 20. 
There are 3 black stripes on the body — the upper along the back 
and including the lower half of the dorsal fin. The second is from 
tip of snout through the eye to near middle of caudal, where it bends 
down to meet the up-curved end of the third dark stripe, which 
extends from opercle to this line. A definite bluish white stripe 
between the two lower black stripes. A jet black spot between 1-2 
dorsal spines at its tip. Canines of lower jaw very large; upper 
canines small. Two distinct barbels on the chin, two small barbels 
just posterior of eye. Several distinct mucous pores on the head. 
Ventrals, anal, pectorals, caudal and outer half of dorsal white. 
Dorsal and anal with very narrow margin of black. 
Petroscirtes filamentosus (Valenciennes). Filamentous Goby 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 56 mm. This species is easily dis- 
tinguished by its elongated anterior dorsal spines. The markings of 
our specimen agree fully with Dr. Giinther's figure. 
Petroscirtes maroubrae (Ogilby). Barred Blenny 
Tulagi Island (1), May 19, 19 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar 
Island (2), May 22, 35-37 mm. Color dark bluish, with about 7 
black bars slightly less than the interspaces on body, these bands 
extend to tip of dorsal and anal fin; very distinct on dorsal, less 
distinct on body and anal. Base of pectorals black. No ocellus on 
head. No stripes on body. 
374 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Salarias quadricornis Kittlitz. Crested Blenny 
Bellona Island (1), June 22, 90 mm. 
Salarias meleagris Valenciennes 
Bellona Island (4), June 22, 37-45 mm. 
Salarias sealei (Bryan and Herre). Scale's Blenny 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (1), July 10, 40 mm. 
Salarias margaritatus (Kendall and Radcliffe) 
Bellona Island (2), June 22, 52-55 mm.; Rennell Island (5), July 
12, 25-50 mm. Although Fowler has united this species with 
5. caesius Scale our specimens would indicate that they may be 
distinct. This species, as well shown in Kendall and Radcliffe's 
figure, has the posterior axil of soft dorsal much farther from the 
caudal than has 5. caesius, and the markings seem decidedl}^ different. 
Our specimens have no color on the anal fin and are otherwise pale. 
Both species have canine teeth in lower jaw. 
Salarias garmani Jordan and Scale. Blenny 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 19, 19 mm. Uniform white in color. 
Enneapterygius pardochir Jordan and Scale. Blenny 
Mohawk Bay, Lomlom Island (4), July 10, 20-26 mm.; Rennell 
Island (1), June 13. 22 mm. 
Hypleurochilus samoensis Scale, sp. nov. Black-fin Blenny 
Plate 23, fig. 3 
Among the fishes secured by Mr. Tcmpleton Crocker at Pago 
Pago, Samoa, April 18, were two small blennies which seem to merit 
description, although they may not yet be fully mature. 
Head 4.1 in length to end of caudal vertebra, being about equal 
in length to the depth of the body. Dorsal XII 18. Anal 21. The 
dorsal is continuous without notch and free from the caudal. Its 
origin is above the origin of the pectorals. Origin of the anal on a 
Vol. XXIJ SEALE— FISHES 375 
line with the origin of soft dorsal. Pectorals longer than head. 
Ventrals jugular, their tip extending to below the tenth dorsal spine. 
Caudal square, its length about equal to head. Eye large, its width 
greater than length of snout. Gill openings confined to short slits. 
Teeth pointed, 2 large posterior canines in lower jaw. A distinct 
spine projects back from the angle of the peropercle (probably an 
immature feature). Color white with pectorals jet black on lower 
two-thirds, the upper third white, a dark area on opercle, some small 
black dots at base of fins. 
Holotype: No. 5515, paratype No. 5516, Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci., 
Ichthyol. Two specimens from Pago Pago, Tutuila Island, Samoa, 
April 18, 14-16 mm. 
Larval Forms of Blenniidae 
Tulagi, Florida Island (11), May 19, 15-16 mm.; Rennell Island 
(15), June 17, 22-23 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (14), 
May 22, 20-22 mm.; Ugi Island (4), June 23, 19-20 mm. 
In our collection are a number of very small and immature forms 
of Salarias which it seems impractical to place definitely with any 
species although they seem very near to Salarias lineatus. These 
are white, without distinctive markings either of body or fins; they 
have dorsal XII 22. Anal 22-24. 
Balistidae 
Balistes papuensis Macleay. Trigger Fish 
Santa Ana Island (1), June 30, 25 mm.; Sikaiana Island (1), 
May 15, 30 mm.; Pago Pago, Tutuila Island (33), April 14-16, 
25-35 mm. 
Twenty specimens of young which we consider to be this species 
were collected at Pago Pago on April 14-16, from crevices of coral 
rocks. These have 5 rows of spinous scales on the caudal peduncle. 
Dorsal IV 25. Anal I 23. 
All are pale greenish, darker above and with silvery sheen below. 
Entire body covered with scattered small brown spots which are 
round and smaller than pupil. First dorsal spine and ventral spines 
toothed. Fins all colorless. 
Balistes flavimarginatus Riippell. Trigger Fish 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (1), May 21, 28 mm.; Uras Cove, 
Malaita Island (7), May 28, 30-36 mm.; Pago Pago, Tutuila 
Island (3, young), April 14, 20 mm. 
376 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
These are similar to the above except that they have no brown 
spots. The color is greenish clouded with darker on upper two- 
thirds of body, a dark band through caudal. Five rows of enlarged 
spines on sides of tail. An indication of three darker indistinct lines 
between the eyes. Dorsal III I 23. Anal I 22. 
Balistes conspicillium (Bloch and Schneider) 
White-spotted Trigger Fish 
One fine specimen from Sikaiana Island, May 16. 295 mm. 
Blackish with conspicuous white spots larger than eye on lower half 
of body. A white band over the snout. 
Balistapus aculeatus (Linnaeus). Black-bar Trigger Fish 
Palmyra Island (1), April 12, 178 mm. 
Balistapus undulatus (Park). Red-line Trigger Fish 
Kungava Bay, Rennell Island (1), May 31, No. 0651, 230 mm. 
No. 0728, probably from Anuda Island, July 16, 254 mm. Body 
covered with curved red or yellowish lines. Rather wide stripe 
around lips and extending back to below pectoral. 
MONACANTHIDAE 
Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch and Schneider) 
Long-nose File Fish 
Pago Pago, Tutuila Island (1, young), April 18, 25 mm. About 
5 indistinct black bars over the body, and a large round black spot 
on the tail. 
Monacanthus howensis (Ogilby). Leather- jacket 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 25, 44 mm.; Kau Kau, Guadalcanar 
Island (6), May 22, 45-51 mm. Dark shadings on body. Three 
bands on posterior of body extending into the dorsal and anal fins. 
5 distinct dark bands on tail. 
Vol. XXI] SEALE— FISHES 377 
OSTRACIIDAE 
Ostracion cornutus Linnaeus. Cow Fish 
Pago Pago, Tutuiia Island, Samoa (1), April 15, 19 mm. This 
is the smallest specimen of this species we have seen. Color 
whitish, covered with scattered dark dots. 
Tetrodontidae 
Spheroides lunaris (Bloch and Schneider). Lunate Puffer 
Suva, Fiji Islands (2), April 25, 36 mm.; Auki, Malaita Island 
(1), May 25, 54 mm.; Tulagi, Florida Island (3), May 19, 13-32 
mm. 
Canthigaster striolatus (Quoy and Gaimard). Puffer 
Bellona Island (1), June 20, 32 mm. 
Canthigaster margaritatus (Ruppell). Puffer 
Rennell Island (1), June 12, 31 mm.; Suva, Fiji Islands (33), 
April 28, 20-23 mm.; Ugi Island (1), June 22, 23 mm.; Kau Kau, 
Guadalcanar Island (1), May 22, 15 mm.; Uras Cove, Malaita 
Island (1), May 28, 23 mm. 
Tetrodon meleagris Bloch and Schneider. Puffer 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1), April 15, 19 mm. So densely set with 
prickles as to look as if covered with fuzz, among which may be seen 
small white specks. 
Tetrodon immaculatus Bloch and Schneider. Puffer 
Pago Pago, Samoa (1, young), April 15, 30 mm.; Auki, Malaita 
Island (1), Ma}^ 25, 8 mm. 
Tetrodon manillensis Proce. Puffer 
Suva, Fiji Islands (1), April 25, 119 mm. Gray with numerous 
narrow black lines from head to tail. 
378 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 
Tetrodon nigropunctatus Bloch and Schneider. Puffer 
Suva, Fiji Islands (4), April 26, 10-18 mm. 
Tetrodon hispidus Linnaeus. Puffer 
Kau Kau, Guadalcanar Island (4), May 22, 21-23 mm.; Suva, 
Fiji Islands (30), April 28, 20-34 mm. 
DiODONTIDAE 
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus. Porcupine Fish 
Rennell Island (1, young), June 12, 20 mm. Found in the 
mouth of a young Priacanthus. 
Antennariidae 
Antennarius commersonii (Shaw). Fishing-frog 
Bellona Island (4), June 22, 1.2 mm.