TRANSACTIONS 
OF THE 
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
VOLUNIE XXXVII. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE NEW GENERA OF THE 
CHALCIDOID FAMILY TRICHOGRAMMATID^. 
BY A. A. GIRAULT. 
(Plate I). 
The descriptive matter given here is a large part of that 
which has accumulated during the past fifteen months while 
preparing a revision of the family Trichogrammatidae and 
it is desirable now to get it out of the way and to have it 
published for other, more urgent reasons — the names of some 
of the species are desired for other uses and the descrip- 
tions may be delayed indefinitely by waiting for their inclu- 
sion within the revision itself ; moreover the latter will be 
freed of much superfluous matter. 
Most of the genera established here are undoubtedly good, 
based on distinct, stable characters but one or two of them, 
it seems to me, may perhaps be verging on what is called 
splitting ; however, the value of the characters used for sepa- 
ration in these one or two cases will most probably hold and 
may even prove of higher value when more genera become 
known and the stability and value of such characters more 
definitely judgable. For the present there is pressing and 
greater need for better definitions of species so that they can 
be recognized, heretofore in the majority of cases impossible. 
Thus this need, even demand, must have first consideration 
even if we have to make at first a few genera based on so- 
called artificial characters. These can all be abolished later 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC.,XXXVII. (1) 
2 HYMENOPTERA. 
if necessary but for the present, to solve the correct rela- 
tionships of the species of this family, we have got to be able 
to correctly identify them and it appears that this may mean 
the use of many minute characters, easy to see and appar- 
ently stable but whose value may drop to zero if interbreed- 
ing descendants of any one of the species are obtained and 
studied. So far these minute characters have stood that test 
in the case of several species. 
The positions and relations of these genera will be fully 
discussed in the sequel, the revision. 
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA Ashmead. 
Family TRICHOGRAMMATID^ Foerster. 
Subfamily Oligositin^ Ashmead. 
1. APHELINOIDEA genus novum. (Figs. 1 and 2.) 
Normal position. 
Female. — Normal for the subfamily, resembling in general 
aspect some of the Aphelininae of the family Eulophidae, 
especially in the pubescence of the fore wings. Tarsi 3- 
jointed. 
(Cephalic aspect) head rounded triangular, the eyes large 
and promxinent, the ocelli normal, 3 in the center of the ver- 
tex, the latter broad, the lateral ocelli distant from the eye 
margin, the eyes with scattered pubescence ; antennae in- 
serted below the middle of the face but slightly above 
(dorsad) an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends 
of the eyes, 5-jointed — scape, pedicel, 1 ring-joint* and 2- 
jointed club, the funicle absentt, the 2-jointed club longest, 
cylindrical, the pedicel much longer than wide, slightly over 
half as long as the club. 
* In some specimens, which are in a better position, apparently two 
distinct ring-joints but the second or distal one appears to be the rim- 
med proximal end of the first club joint, there being no articulation 
present between it and the basal club joint. 
t I have stated the segmentation of the antennae this way rather 
than count the joint or segment succeeding the ring-joint as funicle 1, 
because there is no differentiation present to represent a funicle, the 
two joints succeeding the ring-joint being unequal in length but form- 
ing a well defined club. 
A. A. GIRAULT. 6 
Thorax and abdomen normal, the parapsidal furrows com- 
plete, distinct ; abdomen slightly longer than the thorax, 
the ventral valves very slightly exserted ; ovipositor not 
exserted. Sculpture of the body not marked. Abdomen 
sessile. 
Fore wings not short and broadly rounded as in some 
genera of the Trichogrammatinas but shaped as in many of 
the Aphelininas {Prospaltella Ashmead), its blade being long- 
pyriform and gradually rounded at the apex, moderately nar- 
row, its discal ciliation dense, normal, not at all arranged in 
regular lines, totally absent proximad of the distal end of 
the venation with the exception of a short triangular projec- 
tion of it proximad along the caudal margin ; marginal cilia 
of fore wings moderate to moderately long ; fore wings deeply 
clouded proximad, the fumated area continuous, uniform and 
reaching distad slightly into the discal ciliation and slightly 
beyond (distad) the apex of the venation; remaining por- 
tion of fore wing hyaline. Venation of the fore wing straight, 
the marginal vein short, straight, clavate, stout, slightly 
shorter than the narrow submarginal vein which broadens 
slightly proximad, the postmarginal vein absent, the mar- 
ginal vein apparently obliquely truncate at its apex, but in 
reality curving concavely caudo-distad ending in a nipple- 
like point to form the apex of the very short stigmal vein. 
Blade of the posterior wings linear, subacuminate, with three 
true lines of discal cilia, including the usual single row along 
each margin among the bases of the marginal cilia both of 
which are away somewhat from the margins ; the marginal 
cilia short along the cephalic margin, longer and slenderer 
along the caudal margin, somewhat longer than the greatest 
width of the wing ; posterior wings fumated proximad. 
Legs normal, the distal tarsal joint slightly longer than 
either of the other two, tarsi bearing a pair of tarsal claws 
each, hidden from above. Mandibles with at least two equal 
acute outer teeth, and if a third inner (mesal) tooth is pres- 
ent, it is much shorter and less acute. 
Male. — The same, but differing notably in the discal cilia- 
tion of the fore wing, which has a broad naked band across it 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. , XXXVII. 
4 HYMENOPTERA. 
just following the fumated area distad. The posterior wings 
are similarly ciliated, but the rows of cilia not extending 
half-way to the base of the wing blades as in the male fore 
wing and the proximal fumation extending only to the end of 
the venation. Tibial spurs single. 
Type. — Aphelinoidea semifuscipennis species nova, described 
beyond. 
A genus at once recognized by means of the 5-jointed an- 
tennae and further characterized by the straight venation, 
the shortness of the stigmal vein, the normal shape and pubes- 
cence of the fore wing and the latter's striking fuscation. It 
may be distinguished from its nearest known ally, Tumidiclava 
Girault, by means of its slenderer 2-jointed cylindrical an- 
tennal club, the shape of the stigmal vein and the relatively 
more dense discal ciliation of the fore wing. 
1. Aphelinoidea seniifuscipeimis species nova. 
Normal position. 
Female. Length, 0.65 mm. Moderate in size for thesubfamily. Dark, 
base of the wings conspicuously clouded. General color piceous, dusky 
black, shining, with a purplish sheen ; face dorsad, antennae, meta- 
notum and base of the abdomen, apex of the abdomen, distal ends of 
the tibiae, proximal two tarsal joints, leg articulations and the parap- 
sides of the thorax yellow with some duskiness, the apical tarsal joints 
dusky ; all of the lower (ventral) aspect of face ventrad of the eyes and 
the antennal bulbs, cephalic aspect, piceous ; caudal aspect of the head 
or the occipital region and portions of the vertex, dorsal aspect near the 
occipital margin, yellowish, the vertex with some yellowish ; mandi- 
bles fuscous ; eyes bright red, the ocelli darker, inconspicuous ; por- 
tions of the scape and pedicel dusky, the base of the scape black. 
Fore wings conspicuously fumated proximad, the clouded area some- 
what more pronounced or darker just caudo-distad of the apex of 
the marginal vein and its distal margin irregular, extending slightly 
into the discal ciliation, usually its center farthest advanced but some- 
times its caudal third ; of the blade of the wing, this clouded area 
forms somewhat less than a third in length and of the whole wing 
somewhat less than a half in length ; it is broken by a narrow clear 
oblique streak running caudo-proximad from the end of the marginal 
vein and apparently cutting it off from the short stigmal vein. Vena- 
tion dusky. Venter concolorous, the tip of the abdomen, however, 
with some yellowish. 
Stigmal vein formed at first of a nipple-like prolongation of the 
center of the apex of the marginal vein, the caudal margin of this 
A. A. GIRAULT. 3 
nipple running proximad and slightly' caudad curving near its base disto- 
caudad to form a shorter, broader nipple, then from the apex of this 
straight proximad to form the inner (caudal) edge of the marginal vein. 
Sculpture of the body alutaceous, inconspicuous, combined with deli- 
cate minute longitudinal striation (balsam mounts), in reality delicate 
polygonal figures over the whole body, including portions of the ab- 
domen ; fore wings widest at distal fourth, the marginal cilia longest 
at the distal end of the caudal wing margin, there not as long as the 
longest marginal cilia of the posterior wing, only about as long as a 
seventh or eighth of the greatest wing width. 
Antennae short, moderately stout, with scattered soft pubescence. 
Scape cylindrical, much longer than the pedicel or the basal club joint, 
but not especially long or slender ; pedicel long-obconic, about equal 
to the proximal club joint in length or slightly longer, about two-thirds 
the length of the scape; ring-joint distinct, short and narrow, button- 
like ; the 2-jointed club forming about half of the whole antenna, 
cylindrical-ovate or spindle-shaped, its proximal joint obconic, widen- 
ing distad, wider than the pedicel and about a fourth shorter than the 
distal joint, which is conic, truncate and broad proximad and tapering 
to a point ; club distinct, broader than the scape and pedicel. Articu- 
lation between the two club joints not very distinct. 
Male. The same as the female with the exceptions as noted under 
the generic description and this : the fumation of the fore wing is not 
broken by a narrow oblique clear streak. 
From 2 male and 27 female specimens, |-inch objective, 
1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb. 
From the naked eye visible but not recognizable. Through 
a hand-lens (Coddington, 5-inch, Bausch and Lomb) as pre- 
viously described as concerns coloration, but when casu- 
ally glanced at, appearing as if the wings were very short 
and triangular and black, the remaining hyaline portion not 
showing. The characteristics of this beautiful species are 
the half clouded wings and the varicolored — dusky shining 
black and yellow — body, especially the peculiar half and 
half coloration of the head. 
Described from 1 male and 26 female specimens mounted 
in balsam, the coloration and sculpture taken from living 
specimens stupefied with chloroform and captured on the 
panes of a small window in an empty pig-shed on a farm at 
Centralia, Illinois, August 25 (1 9 ), 26 (1 c^, 2 9 's), 29 (1 
9 ), 31 (1 9 ); September 3 (1 9 ), 4 (4 9 's), 5 (2 9 's), 6 
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC. , XXXVII. 
6 HYMENOPTERA. 
(1 9 ) and 9 (13 9 *s), 1909; also the specimens mentioned 
in the third paragraph following. 
Habitat. — United States : Centralia and Urbana, Illinois. 
Types. — Accession No. 41,680, Illinois State Laboratory of 
Natural History, Urbana, Illinois, 1 cJ", 1 9 (1 slide, Cen- 
tralia, August 26, 1909), 1 9 (1 slide, Centalia, August 25, 
1909) , all in xylol-balsam. Cotype. —Coty^Q No. 12,633 United 
States National Museum, Washington, D. C, 1 9 (Centralia, 
August 31, 1909) mounted in xylol-balsam. 
Since writing the above I have obtained another female 
specimen captured July 8, 1910, on the glass sides of a green- 
house on the campus of the University of Illinois, Urbana, 
Illinois and a male captured in the same place July 27, 1910. 
The habits and host relations of the species are unknown. 
It must be common throughout the southern half of the State 
of Illinois. 
Subfamily Trichogrammatin^ Ashmead. 
1. TUMIDICLAVA genus novum. (Fig. 3.) 
Normal to the subfamily resembling Aphelinoidea Girault 
in general aspect ; tarsi 3-jointed. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head normal but rather large, bearing the ocelli 
in the center of the vertex distant from the eye margins, the 
three ocelli in a fiat triangle, the lateral ocelli farther apart 
from each other than each is distant from the cephalic ocel- 
lus and the distance between them is slightly more than the 
distance between each and their respective eye margins ; 
vertex broad ; antennae inserted some distance ventrad of the 
middle of the face (cephalic aspect) but distinctly dorsad of 
an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of the 
eyes, short and stout, capitate, the joints unequal in length 
and width, the club widest, short and broad rounded ovate 
and swollen as compared to the other joints, conspicu- 
ous but not greatly or abnormally swollen or enlarged, not 
much longer than broad, forming a knob at the end of the 
antennae ; antennae 7-jointed, namely scape, pedicel, two mi- 
nute ring-joints and a 3-jointed club immediately following, 
A. A. GIRAULT. / 
the funicle being absent ; pedicel shortest of the three an- 
tennal regions ; club distad terminating in a moderately long 
spur-like seta which is simple (apparently not a cluster of 
adhering setae). See Fig. 3. 
Thorax and abdomen normal, the latter somewhat longer 
than the former and ovate ; ovipositor not exserted but the 
valves project slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen ; parap- 
sidal furrows complete ; sculpture of the body normal but 
the segments of the abdomen, excepting caudad, are longi- 
tudinally striate. Abdomen sessile. 
Fore wings as in Aphelinoidea Girault but the marginal 
fringes are slightly longer and the discal ciliation is less 
dense being but moderate ; further, the marginal vein is 
less clavate and nearly uniform in width, subclavate, its dis- 
tal end nearly squarely truncate, bearing from its disto- 
caudal apex the sessile spur of a stigmal vein, which though 
short is distinct and knob-like and bears at its cephalo-distal 
margin the usual short spur-like uncus. Fore and posterior 
wings slightly fumated proximad, caudad of the venation. 
Marginal cilia of the fore wing longest at the apex of the 
caudal margin, shortest proximad along both margins, absent 
(as usual) proximad along the caudal margin opposite the 
venation ; the longest marginal cilia are not a seventh as 
long as the greatest wing width. Discal ciliation irregular, 
absent proximad of the distal end of the venation with the 
exception of a few minute cilia and there is more or less of 
a naked area under the stigmal vein. Marginal and sub- 
marginal veins subequal ; postmarginal vein absent ; vena- 
tion straight. Discal ciliation of the posterior wings usual, 
but the single row around the margins of the blade between 
the bases of the marginal cilia, the only rows of discal cilia 
present, are advanced farther than usual into the discal por- 
tion of the blade away from the margins so that they form 
two parallel lines of cilia near together in the cephalic half 
of the blade or nearly there ; the caudal of these two rows 
has the cilia more widely separated from each other in the 
line ; marginal cilia of posterior wings normal, longest along 
the caudal margin, especially at the greatest wing width 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
8 HYMENOPTERA. 
(across the apex of the marginal vein) and shortest at the 
cephalic margin ; posterior wings acuminate but not acute at 
apex. 
Legs normal, the tarsal joints subequal, the posterior 
femora shorter and broader than the others, the cephalic coxae 
largest and the trochanters 2-jointed. No strigils. Tibial 
spurs single ; tarsal claws present but concealed from dorsal 
aspect and turned back upon themselves. 
Male. — Unknown. 
Type. — Ticmidiclava pulchrinotum species nova, described 
beyond. 
As stated, a genus closely allied with Aphelinoidea but 
differing from that genus in the wing and antennal characters 
pointed out. The type species is described herewith. 
1. Tuinidiclava piilclirinotuiii species nova. 
Female. Length 1 mm. ; normal in size for the subfamily ; easily 
visible to the naked eye. General color opaque black. Varicolored, 
black and yellowish ; eyes and ocelli dark garnet ; face, thoracic 
venter, coxae, flagellum, scutellum, median line of mesoscutum, its 
caudal fourth and the caudal halves of its lateral margins, mesopost- 
scutellum, metanotum and caudal margins of pronotum (narrowly) 
all dusky yellow, the yellow pattern on the mesoscutum forming 
against the black background of that sclerite an anchor-shaped figure, 
the shank of which is the median line of the mesoscutum ; tegulae 
pallid yellow ; scape of the antennae nearly black ; legs concolorous 
with the abdomen with the exception of the articulations, trochanters, 
mesal aspects of the tibiae and proximal two tarsal joints which are 
dusky yellow ; fore wings hyaline, excepting proximad where, caudad 
of the venation, they are slightly clouded or fumated ; the posterior 
wings are less distinctly fumated in the same place ; venation dusky 
yellow. 
Sculpture of the body very fine, inconspicuous, excepting that of all 
of the abdominal segments (excluding the discal 2) which bear fine 
longitudinal striae, the distal or caudal two segments finely sheened. 
Pubescence on the body inconspicuous. 
Antennae short, the scape and pedicel normal, the former cylindrical, 
not much longer than the latter and subequal to the club in length ; 
scape not reaching up to the vertex; pedicel obconic, longer than 
wide, about two-thirds the length of the club ; ring-joints minute and 
narrow, very much wider than long ; club abruptly larger, rounded- 
ovate, widest at its proximal third or at the apex of its second joint, 
subacutely pointed and terminating in a colorless spine-like seta, thrice 
A. A. GIRAULT. » 
wider than the scape or pedicel and as long as the former, 3-jointed, 
its proximal joint not more than a fifth the length of the distal joint, 
hemisperical, rounded proximad and nearly truncate distad, wider 
than long ; the intermediate joint transverse, widest, both joints together 
not as long as the large terminal joint ; distal club joint subequal in 
length to the pedicel, or somewhat longer, conic, longer than wide. 
Pubescence of antennse normal, sparse, the hairs long and soft (fig. 3) . 
From 3 specimens, s-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Described from three female specimens stupefied with 
chloroform and then mounted in balsam, the coloration and 
sculpture taken from the specimens while yet alive. Two of 
these specimens were captured from the same window-pane 
as the other specimens taken at Centralia, Illinois, on Sep- 
tember 9, 1909 ; the third by sweeping in a meadow, Urbana, 
Illinois, June 8, 1910. The characteristics of this beautiful 
species are the yellow anchor-like figuration on the mesos- 
cutum, the yellow scutellum. flagellum and face. In balsam 
mounts, the antennae become transversely wrinkled so that 
the true segmentation is liable to be obscured, the club ap- 
pearing to be less than 3-jointed ; the coloration is also some- 
what obscured but the ring-joints are barely visible unless 
mounted in some medium. 
Habitat. — United States : Centralia and Urbana, Illinois. 
7>/><?.— -Type No. 13,390, United States National Museum, 
Washington, D. C, 1 9 in xylol-balsam (Centralia, Illinois, 
September 9, 1909). Cotype.— Accession No. 44,162 (1 9 in 
xylol-balsam, 1 slide, Urbana, June 8, 1910), Illinois State 
Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. 
2. ABBELLA genus novum. (Figs. 4 and 5.) 
Normal to the subfamily, the discal ciliation arranged in 
regular rows, but yet evidently allied with Oligosita West- 
wood and Westivoodella Ashmead,.the venation and wings 
similar in many details, the antennae very similar and the 
general habitus similar. For the present, therefore, I em- 
phasize its similarity to these two ; it has an additional funi- 
cle joint and different wing ciliation. It is also somewhat 
similar to Ittys described beyond. 
Normal position. 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. (2) 
10 HYMENOPTERA. 
Female. — Head normal, the three ocelli in the center of the 
vertex in a triangle, the lateral ocelli distant from the eye 
margins ; eyes naked ; antennae inserted near the ventral 
ends of the eyes, very near the middle of the face, 8-jointed 
— scape, pedicel, 1 ring-joint, a 2-jointed funicle and a 3- 
jointed club ; antennae somewhat more compact than in West- 
woodella but otherwise very similar, the pedicle distinctly 
much longer than the small, compact funicle, two-thirds the 
length and size of the long ovate club, the scape obclavate ; 
second funicle joint short (Fig. 4). 
Thorax normal, the parapsidal furrows complete. Abdo- 
men sessile, the ovipositor not exserted. Tarsi 3-jointed, the 
joints increasing in length distad, none of them especially 
long, the tarsal claws absent or else concealed. Tibial spurs 
minute, acute, single, the anterior ones not curved and 
forked, the strigil absent. Sculpture of the body inconspicu- 
ous. Legs normal. 
Fore wings (Fig. 5) shaped as in Trichogr-anunatoidea Gir- 
ault,* moderate in width and regularly, convexly rounded dis- 
tad, the marginal cilia long but by far not so long as in Oligo- 
sita and Westzcoodella, gradually lengthening distad on both 
margins but somewhat more quickly so on the caudal margin, 
the discal ciliation in regular longitudinal lines (these con- 
fused in denser places) and moderately long, distinctly sepa- 
rated cilium from cilium, erect, variable in density but never 
dense ; the submarginal and marginal veins straight, long, 
unequal, the stigmal vein short, uniform in width, merely a 
rounded ovate knob attached to the end of the marginal vein 
nearly at right angles ; substigmal fuscous spot present, 
prominent. Posterior wings narrow, hyaline, with regular 
discal ciliation — a single long longitudinal row of them in the 
disk, near caudal margin, in addition to the two lines of cilia- 
tion around the edges of the disk between the marginal cilia. 
Mandibles dentate, the dentation unknown, but at least 
tridentate. 
Male. — The same, secondary sexual characters being pres- 
* Described beyond. 
A. A, GIRAULT, 11 
ent in the abdomen alone, which is plump, regularly ovate, 
the genitalia sometimes exserted in death. 
Type. — Abbella siibUava species nova, described beyond. 
1. Abbella subflava species nova. 
Female. Length, 0.65 mm. ; moderate in size for the subfamily ; vari- 
able. General color pale lemon yellow ; pedicel and basal club joint of 
the antennae distinctly darker, almost dusky ; dorsal and ventral aspects 
of the scape dusky, but variable ; lateral aspect of the thorax marked 
with dusky, forming an interrupted and broken rectangular dusky area 
involving the whole lateral aspect of the thorax and extended cauded 
along the abdomen in the shape of a spot on each segment in the 
dorso-lateral aspect, forming a broken longitudinal line on each side; 
a dusky line obliquely across ventral ends of the eyes, paler at the eye 
apex ; legs paler, the distal tarsal joint as usual darker ; scape paler, 
concolorous with the legs. Eyes and ocelli bright red. Wings hyaline, 
with the exception of a conspicuous substigmal fuscous spot of the 
fore wings which is about three times the size of the stigmal knob and 
oval in shape. Venation pallid yellowish. Ovipositor concolorous, 
not exserted. 
Sculpture of the body very delicate, opaque. Abdomen conic-ovate 
as long as the head and thorax combined. Fore wings not short and 
broad, moderately narrow, but not as narrow as in the genus West- 
woodella, moderately, loosely pubescent, the cilia soft, consisting of 
about from 8 to 14 longitudinal lines counting across the widest part 
of the wing ; marginal cilia moderately long, longest at the apex, but 
there not longer than a fourth of the greatest wing width ; venation 
straight, the postmarginal vein absent, the stigmal vein short, sessile, 
ovate, turned nearly at right angles to the marginal vein as in West- 
woodella. Blade of posterior wings subacumniate, the marginal fringes 
of the posterior margin very long, those of the cephalic margin short ; 
in the blade, in addition to the row of cilia along the margins aris- 
ing from the surface, there is a single long complete longitudinal row 
in the disk of the wing nearer the caudal margin. Fumated substigmal 
spot of fore wing with its axis directed proximo-caudad from the stig- 
mal vein. Lateral ocelli much more than their own width distant from 
the eye margin, the ocelli in a nearly equilateral triangle. 
Antennae loosely, softly pubescent, the hairs moderately long and 
sparse. Scape cylindrical, obclavate, subequal to the club in length ; 
pedicel obconic, much longer and wider than the funicle joints com- 
bined, longer than any of the joints of the club taken singly but not 
much longer than half the length of either the club or scape, about 
two-thirds the length of either the scape or club, moderately stout, at 
least twice longer than it is broad at apex ; ring-joint minute, distinct; 
joint 1 of funicle hemispherical, its apex truncate, somewhat obliquely 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. , XXXVII. 
12 HYMEXOPTERA. 
SO, nearly twice the size of the second funicle joint, which is small like 
a ring-ioint and transverse ; funicle narrower than the pedicel and club 
the second funicle joint distinctly longer and wider than the ring-joint, 
but the whole small funicle barely longer than the proximal club joint. 
Club ovate, somewhat broader than the pedicel, its proximal joint 
obconical, truncate at apex, the intermediate joint slightly longer, 
obliquely truncate, the widest point of the club being the line between 
the first and second joints ; terminal joint conical, narrower, not end- 
ing in a prominent spine. Pubescence more thick on the distal club 
joint than elsewhere, there being somewhat grouped but not project- 
ing, the broad setas appearing as longitudinal ridges or corrigations. 
From 16 specimens, 1-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Male. — The same with the secondary characters as pointed out in 
the generic description and with the seta of the terminal club joint 
slenderer, more scattered and projecting beyond the tip but not in the 
form of a spine. (Fig. 4, male antenna.) 
From 9 specimens, t-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Described at first from two female specimens mounted in 
balsam and captured on the panes of a window in an empty 
pig-shed on a farm at Centralia, Illinois, August 25, 1909, 
and from two male specimens in the collection of the United 
States Department of Agriculture on two slides labelled as 
as follows : "W. 3969. Trichograyyima sp. from jassid eggs. 
Pullman, Washington." Sculpture and coloration from the 
two females, taken when alive, partly stupefied with chloro- 
form. I have since captured a single female on a window in 
a stable at Litchfield, Illinois, July 13, 1910; and see beyond. 
Habitat. — United States : Centralia and Litchfield, Illinois ; 
Pullman, Washington; Washington, D. C. 
Types. — Type Xo. 13^397, United States National Museum, 
Washington, D. C, 6 cfs, 12 9 's in xylol-balsam (1 slide); 
formerly in National Museum collection mounted on tags 
and labelled " Trichogramma ? minuta Riley, Washington, 
D. C." G?/;;/^<?5.— Accession Nos. /i, 683 (1 9 in xylol- 
balsam, Centralia, Illinois, Aug. 25, 1909, Girault ; mounted 
with a single female of Pentarthron minutum Riley), 4-f,163 
(1 9 in xylol-balsam, Litchfield, Illinois, July 13, 1910, 
Girault) and H,164- (1 d^ in xylol-balsam, Pullman, Wash- 
A. A. GIRAULT. 13 
ington, W. 3969), Illinois State Laboratory of Natural His- 
tory, Urbana, Illinois. 
I have also found in the National Museum collection a 
series of 6 cf's and 12 9 's mounted on tags (now remounted 
in balsam) and labelled " Trichogramma ? minuta Riley, 
Washington, D. C. " ; and three tagmounted specimens in 
the same collection labelled " 3756°. Trichogi'amma on Heter- 
opterous eggs? Issued Sept. 10, 1885." These were 1 cf, 
2 9 's and have also been remounted in balsam. The former 
have been designated as types. 
2. Abbella acuminata fAshmeadJ. 
Trichogramma aaiminatum Ashmead (1888), described 
years ago belongs to this genus. It will be fully redescribed 
later. 
3. TRICHOGRAM3IATOIDEA genus novnim. (Figs. 6 and 7.) 
A genus closely allied with and resembling Pentarthron 
Riley, but differing from it in having slightly narrower fore 
wings which lack the short oblique line of discal cilia run- 
ning proximo-caudad from the stigmal vein and which have 
longer marginal cilia, especially distad, somewhat as in Oli- 
gosita Haliday of the other subfamily but not so long. 
Further than these, the male antennae are distinctly seg- 
mented, not nodular, 8-jointed and the antennse of both sexes, 
in the type species at least*, bear peculiar, minute bladder- 
like appendages on the funicle joints which have not as yet 
been found to occur in any other genus. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head normal, the eyes prominent, ovate, the 
ocelli in a curved line on the vertex, the lateral ocelli not 
touching the eye margins, at least their own width from 
them, the head wider than the thorax; antennae (fig. 6) 
inserted ventrad of the middle of the face, 6-jointed as in 
Trichogramma Westwood and Peyitarthron Riley — scape, pedi- 
cel, ring-joint, two funicle joints and a solid club ; scape 
moderate in length, cylindrical, somewhat convexed ventrad, 
subequal to the club in length and somewhat longer than the 
* I have since found them on lutea, the second species of the genus. 
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XXX VII. 
14 HYMENOPTERA. 
pedicle, single ring-joint and funicle combined ; pedicel some- 
what longer than the funicle, distinctly longer than either of 
the funicle joints taken alone ; funicle joints subquadrate, 
subequal, wider than long. Thorax shorter than abdomen, 
the parapsidal furrows complete, the mesoscutum largest, its 
caudal margin not straight, the cephalic margin of the scu- 
tellum acute at the meson; abdomen cylindrical, about equal 
to the head and thorax combined, as in Pentarthron Riley. 
Ovipositor not exserted, the valves short, non-prominent, as 
in Pentarth7'on. 
Fore wings moderately narrow, regularly rounded, the mar- 
gins of the blade distad similar, the marginal fringes mod- 
erately long, about from a fourth to a fifth of the greatest 
wing width and at least twice longer than in Pentarthron, the 
discal ciliation moderate, about from 10 to 14 longitudinal 
lines, some of which are short ; venation forming a regular 
bow as in Pentarthron, the submarginal vein very long, the 
marginal shortest, stoutest, the stigmal vein distinctly longer 
than the marginal and forming the longest arm of the bow, 
its knob rounded and distinct, the uncus small. Postmar- 
ginal vein absent. Posterior wings narrow, acute at the dis- 
tal end of the marginal vein, bearing one principal longitu- 
dinal line of discal cilia, the lines along the edges of the disk 
absent ; the marginal ciliation normal. 
Tarsi 3-jointed, the joints moderate in length, simple ; 
tibial spurs all single, all straight, moderate to small. Tarsi 
without claws, apparently. Sculpture of the body not con- 
spicuous. Pubescence of antennae as in Pentarthron, not 
conspicuous as in the other sex. 
Male. — The same ; antennae (fig. 7) with conspicuous 
single long setae, like pine leaves, on the funicle and club 
joints, cylindrical, with eight distinct joints, the scape and 
pedicel as in the female, the four funicle joints subquadrate 
to rectangular and not unlike the club joint which, however, 
is somewhat conical. The abdomen is somewhat shorter 
and more rounded. The articulation between the club and 
fourth funicle joint is less defined than that between the other 
funicle joints, sometimes not seen without the aid of high 
A. A. GIRAULT. 15 
power. The marginal fringes of the fore wings have a gen- 
eral tendency to be longer than is the case with the female. 
Description based on specimens of the type species sent 
to Dr. L. O. Howard by Zehntner hence metatypes, perhaps 
paratypes. 
Type. — Chaetosticha nana Zehntner. 
1. Tricliograiniuatoidea iiauix (Zehntner). 
Chaetosticha nana Zehntner, 1896, pp. 14-16, PI. I, Figs. 9-11. 
The original description of the species follows, together 
with a condensed free translation of it and additional de- 
scriptive notes made from the specimens kindly loaned to 
me by Dr. Howard mentioned previously. 
b. Chaetosticha*) nana n. sp. 
PI. I. fig. 9-11. 
Beschrijving van den Parasiet. 
De grondkleur van het Lichaain, de sprieten en de pooten, zijn licht- 
geel ; het laatste tarsaallid is bruin, de oogen eu bijoogen bloedrood, 
de eerste borstring bruinachtig, het schildje van den tweeden borstring 
en een dv^arsche streep op iedere achterHjfsring grauwgeel ; de voor- 
vleugel in het gebied van de costaalader roodbruin, de rest kleurloos 
zooals de achtervleugels. De grauwgelekleur ontbreekt dikwijls op 
den rug der middelste achterlijfsringen. 
De sprieten zijn rechthoekig gebogen, bij beide geslachteu zeven- 
ledig. Bij het wijfje (PI. I. fig. 10) is het eerste lid zoo lang als de 5 
volgende te zamen en met enkele haren bezet. Het tweede lid is half 
zoolang als het eerste, aan de basis sterk versmald en van eenige tame- 
lijk lange haren voorzien. De leden 3 en 4 zijn buitengewoon klein, 
sterk samengedrukt ; het derde lensvormig, het vierde wigvormig. Ze 
zijn niet in iederen stand van de sprieten te zien en kunnen daarom 
gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien worden. De leden 5 en 6 zijn lets 
breeder dan lang, echter niet breeder dan het tweede lid. Bij enkele 
individuen zijn deze beide leden slechts onvolkomen gescheiden. leder 
draagt een blaasvormig gevoelsorgaan (s). Het zovende lid bedraagt 
25 van de geheele lengte der sprieten. Het is veel breeder dan vooraf- 
gaande geledingen, in het midden het breedst, naar het einde spits 
toeloopend en aan de zijden samengedrukt. Zijn bovenste rand is 
recht, lamellair, en van twee tandjes voorzien, zijn onderste rand 
gebogen. Het geheele lid is dicht en kort behaard, met enkele langere 
haren daartusschen. 
* Op plaat I bij vergissing " Trichogramma." 
TRANS, am. ENT. see, XXXVII. 
16 HYMENOPTERA. 
De sprieten van het man7ietje (PI. I. fig. 11) zijn iets langer dan die 
van het ivijfje. Het eerste lid is slanker dan bij het wijfje, zoolong als 
de drie volgende te zamen, en met enkele haren bezet. De lengte van 
het tweede lid bedraagt 2 5 van die van het eerste, het is aan de basis 
sterk versmald. De leden 3 tot 6 zijn iets breeder dan het tweede lid, 
onderling even breed, en alle hebben van ter zijde gezien een vijfhoe- 
kige gedaante, omdat hun bovenste rand onder een stompen hoek 
voornitspringt. Elk der geledingen 3 tot 6 is van 5 lange, stevige, 
gekromde, stijve haren voorzien, die vermoedelijk gevoelszintuigen 
zijn, en welke aan de sprieten een vreemd uiterlijk geven. Wat de 
lengte betreft, zoo zijn de geledingen 3 en 6 onderling gelijk, het 4e 
lid iets korter, het vijfde iets langer dan 3 en 6. De geledingen 3, 4 
en 5 zijn behalve van de lange, stijve haren, ook nog van blaasvormige 
sensitieve organen (s) voorzien op het 6^ lid schijnen deze te ont- 
breken. Het zevende lid is zoolang als het 5^ en een weinig smaller 
dan dit, aan het einde smaller toeloopend. Zooals de 4 voorafgaande 
geledingen is het met lange stijve haren bezet, die minstens acht in 
getal zijn. Op den top van het lid bevindt zich bovendien nog een 
blaasvormig sensitief organ (s). 
De pooten zijn onderling ongeveer even dik. Alleen de dij van het 
derde paar is een weinig verdikt. 
De schenen zijn aan het einde met een korte spoor gewapend. 
De tarsen zijn vierledig. 
De voorvleugels aan het einde tamelijk verbreed; verbreed afgerond 
de voorrand naar binnen gebogen, De costaalader treedt slechts op 
een punt in den voorrand van den vleugel en draagt op de distale helft 
4 rechtopstaande haren. De tak van de costaalader is aan het einde 
verbreed, en zwak gespleten. Het niet rookkleurige deel der vleugels 
is met korte, in overlangsche rijen gerangschikte haartjes bezet en de 
respectieve vleugelranden zijn door een krans van lange haren omgeven. 
De achtervleugels zijn zeer smal lancetvormig, in het midden van den 
voorrand met een vooruitspringende punt. De oppervlakte is van een 
enkele overlangsche rij van korte haartjes voorzien. De vleugel- 
randen zijn met lange haren bezet, uitgezonderd op het basale derde 
gedeelte. 
Bove7ikaak vierhoekig, naar de spits toe zeer weinig versmald, aan 
het einde van 4 a 5 stompe tandjes voorzien. 
Onderkaak en onderlip met eenledigen taster, ledere taster met een 
kort onder den top staand stijf haar. 
Lengte van het lichaam 0,55 mM. 
" " den voorvleugel..4 0,38 mM. 
(Mededeelingen van het Proefstation Oost-Java. Nieuwe Serie No. 
23, pp. 14-16.) 
The preceding description may be translated as follows : 
A. A. GIRAULT. 17 
The ground color of the body, antennas and legs is light yellow ; 
the distal tarsal joint is brown, the eyes and ocelli ruby red, the pro- 
notum brownish ; the shield of the mesonotum and a transverse streak 
upon all of the abdominal segments grayish-yellow ; the fore wings 
reddish-brown in the region of the costal vein, the rest colorless like 
the posterior wings. The grayish yellow color occurs frequently upon 
the middle of the back of the abdominal segments. 
The antennae are bent at right-angles, in both sexes 7-jointed. In 
the female (plate I, fig. 10) the first joint is as long as the five follow- 
ing combined and is armed with simple {enkele) sette. The second 
joint is half as long as the first, at the base strongly narrowing and pro- 
vided with several tolerably long setae. Joints 3 and 4 are extraordi- 
narily small, strongly pressed together ; the third lens-shaped, the fourth 
wedge-shaped. In all aspects of the antennae they are nothing to see 
and know and therefore easily overlooked. Joints 5 and 6 are somewhat 
wider than long, yet not any broader than the second joint. In several 
specimens both of these joints happen to be imperfect. Each bears a 
bladder-shaped organ of sensation (s). The seventh joint amounts to 
.25 (?) of the whole length of the antennae. It is much wider than the 
preceding joints, widest at its middle, near the end terminating in a 
point and compressed at the sides. Its uppermost edge is straight, 
lamellate [lamellair) , and provided with two teeth, the lower edge 
curved. The whole joint is covered with close, short hairs with several 
long hairs between. 
The antennas of the male (plate I, fig. 11) are somewhat longer 
than those of the female. The first joint is slenderer than in the fe- 
male, as long as the three following joints combined and clothed with 
simple setae. The length of the second joint amounts to two-fifths (?) 
of that of the first and it is strongly narrowed at the base. Joints 3 to 6 
are somewhat wider than the second joint, reciprocally equal in width 
and in outline, all show a pentagonal form because their upper side is 
produced from an obtuse angle. Each of joints 3 to 6 have five long, 
stiff, curved setae, which apparently are organs of sensation, and which 
give to the antennae a singular appearance. Concerning length, 
joints 3 and 6 are mutually equal, the fourth joint somewhat shorter, 
the fifth somewhat longer than 3 and 6. The joints 3, 4 and 5 are pro- 
vided, besides the long stiff setae, in addition with bladder-shaped sen- 
sitive organs (s) but on the sixth joint these appear to be missing. 
The seventh joint is as long as the fifth and a little narrower, at the 
end narrower, ending in a point. Like the four preceding joints it is 
clothed with long, stiff setae, which are at least eight in number. Upon 
the tip of the joint there is, moreover, a bladder-shaped sensitive 
organ (s). 
The legs are reciprocally about equally thick. Only the femur of 
the third pair is a little thickened. 
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XXXVII. (3) 
18 HYMENOPTERA. 
The tibiffi at the tips are armed with a short spur. 
The tarsi are four-jointed. 
The fore wings at the apex tolerably broad ; breed afgerond de voor- 
rand naar binuen gebogen* The costal vein runs merely to a point in 
* I was unable to translate these words, 
the cephalic margin of the wing and bears upon the distal half four 
erect setae. The branch of the costal vein is broadened at the tip and 
weakly split. The "faintly" smoky-colored part of the wings is 
clothed with short cilia disposed lengthwise and the respective wing 
margins are surrounded or enclosed by a fringe {kra^is) of long cilia. 
The posterior wings are narrow lancet-shaped, with a projecting 
point in the middle of the cephalic margin. The upper side is pro- 
vided with a single longitudinal row of short cilia. The wing margins 
are clothed with long cilia except on the basal third portion. 
Mandibles quadrangular, towards the end exceedingly narrow, at 
the apex provided with from four to five blunt teeth. 
Maxilla and labium with 1-jointed palpi, the palpi with a short, 
erect, stiff seta beneath their tip. 
Length of the body 0.55 mm. 
Length of the fore wings 0.38 mm. 
As indicated in the footnote referring to the plate, there 
by mistake the legend read Trichograinma instead of Chaeto- 
s tic ha. 
Additional descriptive notes : 
The coloration is quite as described but the ground color is vari- 
able sometimes decidedly dark yellow. The fumation of the proximal 
halves of the fore wings is variable in depth or density, sometimes pro- 
nounced, especially in the females but usually not very dense and in 
individuals uniform. Neck of the stigmal vein slender, graceful. The 
tarsi are not 4-jointed as described and the female does not have two 
ring-joints in the antennae as plainly indicated in the description though 
not shown in the figure whereas the male has a single ring-joint as in 
the female, hence the male antennae are 8-jointed, those of the female 
6-jointed ; hence in the case of the female an additional joint was erro- 
neously accepted while in the male one was overlooked. The fuma- 
tion of the fore wing extends distad to the end of the stigmal vein, its 
distal margin nearly straight ; the discal ciliation of the fore wing ex- 
tends proximad in a broken line to a point opposite the base of the 
stigmal vein. The marginal cilia of the caVidal margin of the posterior 
wings are about equal in length to the longest marginal cilia of the 
fore wing or somewhat shorter and are distinctly longer than the 
caudal wing is wide. There are four prominent setae borne by the 
venation as mentioned in the description, a distal two borne by the 
marginal vein and the other two along the distal end of the submar- 
A. A. GIRAULT. 19 
ginal vein. The distal end of the submarginal vein and the marginal 
vein are stouter than the remaining portions of the venation. Indica- 
tions of the bladder-like appendages of the funicle joints present but 
not closely defined in the specimens at hand ; minute. Size of body 
moderate to small for the group, visible to the unaided eye. 
These descriptive notes were made from a slide bearing the 
following labels and sent by Zehntner to Dr. L. O. Howard, 
who loaned it to me for study : " Chaetosticha nana Zehntner. 
7 9 's ; 3 cf' s. Aus Diatraea striatalis eiern. (Java)" and 
" 7345." The slide bears in reality 2 cf s, 2 9 's of nana and 
1 cf , 5 9 's of a larger species, an apparently undescribed 
species of Pentarthron Riley*. The first label is in the hand- 
writing of Zehntner. 
2. Trichograiiiinatoiclea lutea species nova. 
This species is closely related to nana but can be separated 
from it by observing the differences in length between the 
marginal cilia of the fore wing and those of the caudal mar- 
gin of the posterior wings. In nana those two sets of cilia 
are about equal, whereas in lutea the cilia of the caudal wings 
are distinctly longer than those of the fore wing distad. The 
fore wings in hitea are also fumated less further distad, only 
to the middle of the marginal vein and are distinctly broader 
in relation to their marginal cilia, the latter being only about 
a fifth as long as the greatest wing width. The knob of the 
stigmal vein is also different in this species, being less 
rounded, more ovate. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Length 0.85 mm. Larger than nana, visible to unaided 
eye. General color orange-yellow, marked with dusky, the eyes and 
ocelli carmine, the proximal half of the abdomen and cephalic third of 
the thorax dusky ; tegulae dusky yellow ; antennae and venation dusky 
yellowish, the scape paler, the legs pallid yellowish with the exception 
of the darker tarsi. Wings hyaline, the fore wings, however, distinctly, 
not pronouncedly, fumated proximad, the fumated area extending 
distad only as far as the middle of the marginal vein, its distal margin 
oblique, caudo-distad. Mandibles apparently with five teeth. Parap- 
sidal furrows complete; abdomen cylindrical, about equal in length 
to the head and thorax combined. Ovipositor not exserted, the valves 
not prominent. 
* Now known to be ininutum (Riley). 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. , XXXVII. 
20 HYMENOPTERA. 
Fore wings regularly rounded, moderate in width, the marginal 
fringes gradually lengthening distad, there moderately long but dis- 
tinctly not as long relatively as in nana, about a fifth as long as the 
greatest wing width, absent on both margins proximad of the distal 
end of the marginal vein, very much longer than the discal cilia. The 
latter are arranged in about from 12 to 15 longitudinal lines and are 
absent proximad of the distal end of the stigmal vein excepting for a 
small, irregular group of about 6 to 8 which projects proximad from 
the main group of cilia ; the longest distal marginal fringes of the fore 
wing is distinctly shorter than the longest fringes of the caudal margin 
of the posterior wing, about a third shorter. Discal ciliation of the 
fore wing moderately short, distinct, in regular lines. 
Posterior wings narrow, acute at the distal end of the submarginal 
vein along the cephalic margin or at the booklets, the blade not 
acutely pointed, the two margins not parallel or similar, the marginal 
cilia of the cephalic margin moderately long to short, not short but 
very much shorter than those of the caudal margin which are very 
long, very much longer than the blade is wide and about twice as long 
as the greatest width of the blade. Discal ciliation consisting of a 
single longitudinal line of cilia running from the marginal vein to the 
apex, nearer the cephalic margin, the cilia near the apex much farther 
apart in the line and the line not reaching the apex. Sometimes a 
single seta is present caudad of the principal line of cilia, near its base as 
though representing a second line now obsolete. The usual line of 
discal cilia along the edges of the blade between the insertions of the 
marginal cilia absent. 
Venation of the fore wing forming a regular bow whose longer arm 
is the stigmal vein ; submarginal vein longest by far, thickening at its 
distal third, the marginal vein thickest and shortest, but comparatively 
not much shorter than the slender stigmal vein which bears an ovate 
club or knob bearing a slight uncus ; the knob forms not quite a half 
of the length of the whole vein ; marginal vein less than one-half as 
long as the stigmal vein ; the marginal vein bears two conspicuous 
setae about equally long, another similar seta being borne by the sub- 
marginal vein at its distal end. 
Antennae 6-jointed, the scape moderately long, cylindrical, subequal 
to the club in length and somewhat longer than the pedicel, ring-joint 
and the two funicle joints taken together ; pedicel obconic, about half 
the length of the scape, narrow proximad ; the ring-joint narrow, dis- 
tinct ; the funicle joints subequal, subquadrate, slightly wider than 
long, about subequal in width to the apical end of the pedicel, the first 
funicle joint somewhat the larger, somewhat wider and longer ; the 
solid club about three and one-fourth times longer than wide, the 
A. A. GIRAULT. 21 
largest joint, somewhat longer than the scape and much wider, cylin- 
drical ovate. Pubescence of antennae very sparse, a few scattered 
setae. (Two bladder-like appendages, one on each funicle joint in the 
lateral aspect quite as figured for nana but their petioles more dis- 
tinct ; minute — on one specimen.)* 
Legs simple, tibial spurs single, straight. 
From 11 specimens, i-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Male. — The same, somewhat lighter in color, the abdomen similar, 
the genitalia somewhat similar. Antennae very different, distinctly 8- 
jointed and cylindrical, the club not differentiated and the flagellum 
bearing long single conspicuous setae. Scape and pedicel about the 
same, somewhat shorter; ring-joint the same; the four funicle joints 
pentagonal, subquadrate, subequal, the third being largest ; the club 
joint as long as the preceding joint but narrower, obtusely conical. 
Each funicle joint bears four or five of the long setae in an irregular 
whorl, the club joint several more. These setae are curved. (No 
bladder-like appendages on these specimens.)* 
From 3 specimens, i-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Described from three males and eleven femalest received 
for study from Dr. L, O. Howard, Chief of the National 
Bureau of Entomology, in two lots as follows, all mounted 
in balsam : Lot L — Two slides labelled " From eggs of 
Codling moth. Cape Town, S. A., 25 Jany., 1910. C. P. 
Lounsbury," and bearing four females and three males, one 
female respectively.! Lot IL — " Egg parasite of Carpocapsa 
sp. ? Natal, 20-3-01. Claude Fuller," and bearing four fe- 
males and two females respectively (two slides). 
* These minute appendages resembling somewhat a ball on the end 
of a short rod are evidently quite easily broken off, hence their absence 
in the majority of the specimens. 
t Since writing this, through the kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard I 
have examined three more slides of this species, belonging to Lot I, 
similarly labelled and each bearing 4 9 's ; two of these slides were 
labelled 26 January, 1910, instead of the twenty-fifth. Hence a total 
of 26 specimens have been examined. 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. , XXXVII. 
22 HYMENOPTERA. 
The species is parasitic on Carpocapsa pomonella Linnaeus 
in South Africa. 
Habitat. — South Africa : Cape Town ; Natal. 
Types. — Type No. 13,392, United States National Museum, 
Washington, D. C, 3 cf 's, 1 9 in xylol-balsam, one slide 
(Cape Town, South Africa, 25 January, 1910, Lounsbury). 
Cotypes. — Accession No. 4-4-,167 (4 9 's in xylol-balsam, one 
slide. Natal, 20-3-01, Fuller), Illinois State Laboratory 
Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. 
Table for Separating the Species of Trichogratnniatoidea. 
1. Fore win^s with the longest (distal) marginal cilia equal in length, 
or nearly, to the longest (caudal) marginal cilia of the hind 
wings, the former being about a third as long as the great- 
est width of the fore wing. Fumated area of the fore wing, 
extending distad to the distal end of the stigmal vein, its 
distal margin straight ; stigmal knob rounded ; club of 
female antenna stouter, not more than two and one-half 
times longer than wide liana Zehntner. 
2. Fore wings with the longest (distal) marginal cilia distinctly 
shorter than the longest (caudal) marginal cilia of the 
hind wings, the former not more than a fifth as long as the 
greatest width of the fore wing. Fumated area of fore 
wing extending distad only as far as the middle of the 
marginal vein, its distal margin oblique ; stigmal knob 
ovate ; female antennal club slenderer, about three and 
one-fourth times longer than wide llltea Girault. 
4. USCANA genus novum. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head rounded, normal, the eyes ovate, the antennae 
inserted slightly ventrad of the middle of the face, 6-jointed, 
short and moderately stout, consisting of a scape, pedicel, 
very minute ring-joint and a 3-jointed club ; funicle absent. 
Body short and compact, the abdomen cylindrical but short, 
not any longer than the head and thorax together, the ovi- 
positor not exserted, the abdomen barely longer than the 
thorax, usually abruptly obliquely truncate ventrad. Fore 
wings fumated proximad, moderately short and moderately 
broad, oblately nearly flatly rounded at the apex somewhat 
as in Chaetostricha Haliday but not nearly so broadly or flatly 
A. A. GIRAULT. 23 
as in that genus, but intermediate in this respect between 
the genus mentioned and Lathromeris Foerster ; fore wings 
with moderately short marginal fringes and dense discal 
ciliation which is arranged in distinct lines ; a short oblique 
line of from four to six discal cilia leads back from the stig- 
ma! vein as in Pentarthron Riley. Caudal wings normal, 
with three longitudinal lines of discal cilia. Venation of the 
fore wing distinct, the submarginal vein narrow, straight, the 
marginal vein straight, shorter, the postmarginal vein absent, 
the stigma] vein set at an angle of about 65 degrees to the 
marginal, distinct, nearly sessile. Parapsidal furrows com- 
plete. 
Tarsi 3-jointed, without claws apparently, the tibial spurs 
single, weak, the anterior tarsi without antennal combs or 
strigils, the anterior tibial spur weakest, straight. All tarsal 
joints moderately short, subequal. Legs normal, the caudal 
femora slightly thickened. 
Male. — The same ; abdomen not obliquely truncate ven- 
trad but regularly rounded, somewhat longer ; antennal club 
slightly less distinctly segmented, somewhat shorter and 
more compact, less conical in general outline. 
A genus closely resembling Lathromeris Foerster as known 
through L. cicadae Howard and L. fidiae (Ashmead), espe- 
cially in the structure of the antennae but the antennal club 
is shorter and distinctly 3-segmented, the fore wings are 
shorter and more broadly rounded, the marginal vein is 
shorter and the body is short and stout, the abdomen equal 
to or barely longer than the thorax, not long and slender or 
much longer than broad ; the oblique line of discal cilia lead- 
ing back from the stigmal vein is present also, absent in 
Lathromeris. The type species is described herewith. 
1. Uscaua seiiiifuinipeiiuis species nova. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Length, 0.80 mm. Moderately small, visible easily to the 
naked eye but not casually even to the trained eye. General color tawny 
yellow, the abdomen usually deep black, in some specimens varying to 
dusky yellowish, the legs dusky excepting the pallid yellow knees, the 
tarsi (excepting the very slightly dusky terminal joint) and the cephalic 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
24 HYMENOPTERA. 
and intermediate tibiae ; antennae dusky to pallid yellow ; eyes bright 
pinkish red ; wings hyaline excepting the proximal halves of the fore 
wings, that portion proximad of the distal end of the venation, which 
is distinctly, though not pronouncedly fumated ; the fumated area ex- 
tends to a point opposite the end of the stigmal knob and its distal 
bounding line is nearly straight. Venation dusky. Body sculpture 
inconspicuous. Colors of legs somewhat variable. Tegulae dusky yel- 
lowish. 
Fore wings with short marginal fringes along the cephalic margin, 
which gradually slightly lengthen along the apex, becoming twice 
longer at the disto-caudal apex of the wing, then gradually shortening 
again caudad and proximad ; the longest cilia are not more than an 
eighth of the greatest wing width, which is near to, but not at the 
apex. The discal ciliation is short and moderately close, arranged in 
about from 16 to 20 lines across the widest portion of the wing. Mar- 
ginal vein broad, straight, twice the length of the stigmal and nearly 
a half shorter than the submarginal vein, truncate distad ; submarginal 
vein narrow, straight, but distad where it curves cephalo-distad to 
join the marginal, abruptly broader but not quite so broad as the 
latter. Caudal wings normal, the blade moderate in width, acuminate, 
the marginal cilia normal, those of the caudal margin as usual much 
longer, here gradually lengthening distad where they are distinctly 
longer than the greatest wing width, those of the cephalic margin 
usual, short ; discal ciliation of the caudal wings consisting of three 
longitudinal lines of cilia, the cephalic two paired, slightly converging 
distad, originating at the apex of the marginal vein or nearly, the 
caudal line slightly fainter, originating farther proximad, gradually 
converging on the others toward the apex, nearer to, but not on, the 
caudal wing margin. 
Antennas short and moderately stout, the club forming half of their 
length, the scape short, not as long as the club, cylindrical, curved, 
the pedicel shorter than the scape, not much longer than wide, conic 
to subquadrate, subequal in length to the proximal club joint ; ring- 
joint minute, flat, abruptly narrower than the pedicel or club ; the 
three club joints distinct, the intermediate joint longest and widest 
(base), the apical joint small, conic, acute; the club itself pointed conic- 
ovate in shape. Pubescence of the antennae sparse, consisting of scat- 
tered long hairs, mostly on the club. 
From 30 specimens, i-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Male. — The same ; the antennal club shorter not as pointed. 
From 13 specimens, 1-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
A. A. GIRAULT. 25 
Described from 13 males and 30 females mounted in bal- 
sam and forming- a series of slides in the collections of the 
Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
kindly loaned for study by Dr. L. O. Howard and labelled 
as follows : " Bred from Bean-weevil parasite material from 
Beeville, Texas.— Honolulu, Hawaii, Oct. 30, 1909. D. T. 
Fulloway." Five slides respectively — (1) 2 cf's, 6 9 's ; 
(2) 1 cf , 9 9 's ; (3) 4 cJ"s, 4 9 's ; (4) 2 c^'s, 7 9 's and 
(5) 4 cf's, 4 9's. 
Habitat. — United States : Beeville, Texas. 
7>;&^5.— Type No. 13,394, United States National Museum, 
Washington, D, C, 1 cf, 9 9 's in xylol-balsam (1 slide 
bearing sublabel "(2)"). Cotypes. — Accession No. 44, 166 
(4 cf's, 4 9's in xylol-balsam, 1 slide bearing sublabel 
"(3)"), Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Ur- 
bana, Illinois. 
5. ITTYS genus novum. (Figs. 8 and 9.) 
Normal to the subfamily. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head normal, the ocelli in a triangle in the center 
of the vertex, the lateral ocelli distant from the eye margins, 
the eyes ovate, the antennae (fig. 8) inserted slig-htly ven- 
trad of an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of 
the eyes, 8-jointed, bearing a single large distinct ring-joint* 
and a distinctly 3-jointed club which is ovate-acuminate ; 
pedicel distinctly longer than the first funicle joint ; funicle 
joints longer than wide or as long as wide ; antennae normal, 
with no abnormally enlarged or swollen joints, sparsely 
pubescent. Thorax distinctly shorter than the abdomen, 
the body long ; parapsidal furrows distinct, complete, widely 
separated. Abdomen conic-ovate, the sheaths of the ovi- 
positor prominently exserted, prominent along the ventum 
but the ovipositor itself not exserted ; abdomen longer than 
the head and thorax combined. Fore wings (fig. 9) long, 
moderate in width, regularly rounded at apex, with moder- 
ately long marginal fringes which are about a sixth as long 
* Sometimes appearing as two (2) distinct joints. 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. (4) 
26 HYMENOPTERA. 
as the greatest wing width, the venation straight, the mar- 
ginal and submarginal veins unequal in length, the latter 
longer, the stigmal vein prominent, descending from the 
caudal angle of the truncate distal end of the marginal vein. 
Discal ciliation of the fore wings but moderately dense, ar- 
ranged in regular longitudinal lines. Posterior wings with 
three longitudinal lines of discal cilia, the caudal one of which 
is much fainter. Fore wings with a distinct fuscous substig- 
mal spot and with a long oblique line of discal cilia running 
back from the stigmal vein. 
Tarsi 3-jointed, with claws, the joints moderately long, the 
proximal joints longest, the tibial spurs single, those of the 
cephalic tibiae weakest, the strigils of the cephalic tarsi 
absent ; tarsal claws weak, hidden by the fleshy pul villus. 
Mandibles well developed, 3-dentate the two lateral (outer) 
teeth acute. 
Male. — The same as the female but the abdomen is less 
pointed, its sides more parallel, its general form stouter ; 
further, the marginal fringes of the fore wings are longer 
than in the female. Antennas the same. 
Type. — Trichogramma ceresariim Ashmead. 
A unique genus, doubtless resembling Calleptiles Haliday 
but at once separated from that genus by the straight vena- 
tion and the pointed conic-ovate abdomen of the female. 
The type species is large for the family, very easily seen 
with the naked eye. The genus is allied with Abbella Gir- 
ault and differs from it in being larger, more robust ; the 
funicle joints are longer than wide, the stigmal vein is 
strongly developed and the habitus is distinct. 
1. Ittys ceresariiiu (Ashmead). 
Trichoi^raiinita ceresamin Ashmead, 1888, p. 107. 
Trichogramma ceresaruin Ashmead — Marlatt, 1895, p. 13. 
Trichograimna ceresaruin Ashmead— de Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 2 
and footnote; Girault, 1907, p. 30; Schmiedeknecht, 1909, 
p. 485. 
Male. — Length, 1.4 mm. ; large. General color dull honey yellow 
(pale cadmium yellow), with a tinge of green or even reddish ; eyes 
delicate rosaceous; ocelli carmine, in a triangle on the cephalic half of 
the vertex ; the distance between the eyes and the lateral ocelli is twice 
A. A. GIRAULT. 27 
or more the distance between the latter and the cephalic ocellus which 
is on the cephalic margin of the vertex ; also the distance between the 
lateral ocelli is greater than that between them and the cephalic ocellus ; 
a few minute setigerous spots on the vertex and along the lateral mar- 
gin of the mesoscutum ; from dorsal aspect the abdomen with at least 
three distinct fuliginous or dusky bands, beginning at the caudal half 
of the region along each of three successive segments but sometimes 
with five distinct bands, which are visible on segments 2-6 respectively 
and six of these bands appear to be normal on segments 2-7 respecti- 
vely ; these bands are visible in the lateral and ventro-lateral aspects 
but disappear at the venter ; pleurse of thorax dusky ; antennae dusky 
yellow, the scape pallid and also usually the second or distal funicle 
joint ; both wings hyaline, the fore wnng, however, with a slight dusky 
cloud across it at the stigmal vein which is accentuated at the stigmal 
knob to form the substigmal spot. The fore wing proximad of this 
more or less distinct fumated band is also very slightly fumated. Ve- 
nation dusky yellowish. Legs uniformly pallid yellow, with the excep- 
tion of the dusky distal tarsal joint. Malpighian vessels red. 
Head delicately rugose, thorax similarly so, finely, closely, longitu- 
dinally striate, the abdomen delicately longitudinally reticulated ; dis- 
cal ciliation of the fore wings arranged in about from 18 to 20 lines 
across the widest portion of the wing, the lines somewhat confused 
but the majority of them regular ; the marginal cilia short proximad 
on both margins, but gradually lengthening distad being moderately 
long around the whole wing apex, very much longer than any of the 
discal cilia but the longest of them are not more than a fifth or sixth 
of the greatest wing width ; marginal vein bearing six or more stiff 
bristles which are about equal in length to the longest marginal cilia 
of the fore wing ; marginal vein clavate, twice the length of the stigmal 
vein, the submarginal vein distinctly longer than the marginal, narrow 
but widening to the width of the marginal vein at its distal third or at 
the point where it turns up to join the marginal vein ; discal ciliation 
of the fore wing extending proximad acutely, caudad of the marginal 
vein, finally ending in a point consisting of several setas in a straight 
line about opposite to the apex of the submarginal vein, nearer the 
caudal wing margin. Caudal wings normal in shape, the petiole rather 
longer, the blade rather shorter than usual, forming slightly less than 
the distal half of the wing, its apex pointed but not acute, the mar- 
ginal cilia of the cephalic margin moderately short, those of the caudal 
margin as long as the greatest width of the wing (across the apex of 
the marginal vein) , distinctly five to six times the size of the cilia of the 
cephalic margin ; discal cilia of the caudal wings arranged in two 
principal longitudinal lines which are parallel and both about equally 
distinct and a third less distinct line, barely discernable, near the 
caudal wing margin and extending farther proximad ; its cilia are 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
28 HYMENOPTERA. 
widely separated in the line one from the other and they are minute 
and the line is not especially near the caudal wing margin ; also in 
this third line the cilia become slightly more distinct distad. In the 
oblique line of discal cilia of the fore wings running from the stigmal 
vein proximo-caudad, there are about from six to ten cilia. Uncus of 
the stigmal vein present, normal. 
Antennse (fig. 8) 8-jointed, the segments distinct — scape, pedicel, 
ring-joint, two funicle joints and three club joints. Scape cylindrical 
oval, widest at the center, about equal to the club in length and also 
to the pedicel and first two funicle joints combined; pedicel conic, 
widest at the apex, wider and distinctly longer than the whole funicle 
and at least twice the size of the first funicle joint ; ring-joint distinct, 
abruptly smaller, subquadrate, sometimes appearing as two joints ; first 
funicle joint subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, longer than the 
second funicle joint, widest at the apex where it is obliquely trun- 
cate ; second funicle joint subglobular, about as wide as long, slightly 
shorter than the first, very much smaller than the proximal club joint; 
funicle cylindrical, distinctly narrower than the club, pedicel and scape. 
Club abruptly larger, long ovate or conic-ovate, widest at the apex of 
the proximal joint, the distal joint acutely conical, smallest and equal 
in length to the others ; club longer than funicle and the widest and 
most pubescent part of the antennae, slightly longer than the scape. 
Antennae bearing a few long, scattered, stifif setse, most prominent on 
funicle 2 and the club. 
From 7 specimens, *-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Female. — The same ; slightly longer and more variable in regard to 
the dusky bands of the abdomen which are sometimes obscure ; abdo- 
men long, conic-ovate, pointed, the sheaths of the ovipositor slightly 
exserted but prominent. 
From 6 specimens, t-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb, 
Redescribed at first from 7 male and 6 female specimens 
mounted in balsam and reared as follows: Three d^'s, 1 9 
reared at Urbana, Illinois, July 17, 1908, from the eggs of 
Ceresa imirina Fitch in apple twigs collected at Urbana (Ac- 
cession No. 39,120, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural His- 
tory, Urbana, Illinois, 1 slide, balsam); 3 slides labelled 
" 2793° " and " 15-18", " 15-19 " and " 15-20 " respectively 
and from the collections of the U. S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, Washington, D. C. These slides bore 1 cJ" 4, 9 's ; 2 
cf 's, 1 9; and 1 c? respectively. The envelopes containing 
A. A. GIRAULT. 29 
them also bore the label: " Bred from eggs of Ceresa btiba- 
his, March 25, '86," and " Trichogramma." (For means 
of identity see below.) 
Habitat. — United States : Illinois (Urbana); one other un- 
known locality. 
Types.— Ty-^e No. iJ,JPJ, United States National Museum, 
Washington, D. C, 1 c?", 4 9 's in xylol-balsam, 1 slide; 
this slide bears the labels " 2793° " and " 15-18 " (see fore- 
going). Cotypes. — Accession No. 39,120 (3 cf^'s, 1 9 in 
xylol-balsam, 1 slide, Urbana, Illinois, July 17, 1908) and 
44,165 (2 cfs, 8 9 's in xylol-balsam, 1 slide; label, " Tri- 
chogramma ceresariun Ashmead. 2793*^. Issued March 22-30; 
April 5-10, 1886." U. S. N. M. specimens), Illinois State 
Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. 
This species first became known to me in 1908 when I 
reared it from Ceresa eggs and called it a new species of Tri- 
chograjnma in MS. Being from the same host it was at once 
suspected to be the same as Trichogramma ceresarum Ash- 
mead but the brief description of that species precluded any 
conclusion regarding identities and the chances were about 
equal one way as another ; there was no reason why the 
same host could not have too distinct egg-parasites. The 
identity of my specimens was not settled until several years 
had passed and in the meantime I had established this new 
genus Ittys for their reception. It was only upon access to 
the remaining material of this family in the National Museum 
that I definitely decided just what ceresarum was and that it 
was the same as my specimens. There, mounted on tags I 
found a large series of this species, labelled as such but not 
bearing any indications of being typical material with the 
exception of the date of their rearing, which read several 
years earlier than the publication of the original description 
of the species. No type of the species has ever been desig- 
nated and it would be foolish not to accept this opportunity 
to redescribe the species and deposit types. I do this here, 
based on these specimens and those already listed. 
The species was originally described exactly as follows 
(Ashmead, 1888): 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
30 HYMENOPTERA. 
" (21) Tricliogramuia ceresaruni n. sp. 
Female. Length nearly .04 inch. Reddish-yellow, rather slender. 
Eyes brown. Abdomen and posterior femora fuscous, the fore and 
middle femora pale brown ; tibia and tarsi pale. The thorax is tri- 
angular in front ; the abdomen not longer than the thorax but wider. 
Wings hyaline, as in T. nigrum* , but with very strong violet reflec- 
tions. 
Described from two specimens reared from the eggs of the Mem- 
bracid Ceresa bubalus Say." p. 107. 
It has been listed several times (see citations) but not 
noticed otherwise in the literature excepting Marlatt's (1895) 
statement concerning its attack upon Ceresa bnbahis and Gir- 
ault's (1907) listing of it as a parasite of the eggs of the 
same species. It is parasitic upon two closely related species. 
The following tagmounted specimens labelled " Tricho- 
gramma ceresartun Ashm. 2793°. Par. in eggs of Ceresa 
bubahis. Issued March 22, 25, 30, April 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 
1886" were found in the collections of the National Mu- 
seum: 16 cf' s ; 24 9 's. Also grouped with these seven 
specimens labelled simply "3793'^", 5 cJ"s, 2 9 's. These 
specimens have been remounted in balsam on slides. 
6. ZAGA genus novum. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head normal, the ocelli in a triangle, the lateral 
ocelli not especially near the eye margins, the antennae 6- 
jointed — scape, pedicel, 4-jointed club — short, the ring-joint 
apparently absent. Body long and slender, the abdomen 
pointed, slender, conic-ovate, longer than the head and 
thorax combined, the sheaths of the ovipositor distinctly 
though but slightly exserted, prominent ventrad, running the 
whole length of the venter, the fore wings broad nearly as 
in Chaetostricha Haliday, the discal ciliation in peculiarly 
regular and distinct lines and not dense but abundant, the 
marginal cilia uniformly short and close, the wing apex very 
broadly rounded, oblately so, the marginal vein short, straight 
and clavate, thick, widening distad, the short thick sessile 
stigmal vein given off nearly at right angles to it and a short 
* This is now the type of the new genus Ufens described in this 
paper. — A. A. G. 
A. A. GIRAULT. 31 
line of about from 6-8 discal cilia leading proximo-caudad 
from the apex of the stigmal vein. Caudal wings normal, 
moderately broad and with four longitudinal lines of discal 
cilia, the blade not slender and obtusely pointed. Legs nor- 
mal, slender, the tibial spurs single, moderate in length, 
slender but not as long by far as any of the tarsal joints 
taken singly ; tarsi with claws, visible in ventral aspect. 
Fore wings with a slight substigmal cloud and fumated 
proximad. Ovipositor not exserted though the sheaths dis- 
tinctly so, as described. 
Male. — Unknown. 
Type. — Zaga latipennis species nova, described beyond. 
A genus closely resembling Chaetostricha Haliday but the 
antennae have a 4-jointed club, the abdomen is longer and 
more pointed, the funicle and ring-joint are absent and the 
discal ciliation of the fore wings is less dense, not crowded 
especially less in the caudal wings than in that genus. The 
genus is easily distinguished from Lathromeris through the 
fore wings which are more broad, the peculiarly distinct 
lines of discal ciliation, the venation, the short marginal 
fringes of the fore wing and the antennas. The type species 
is described herewith. 
Zaga latipennis species nova. 
Normal position. 
Female. -Length, 1.2 mm. ; moderately large for the family, easily 
visible to the naked eye. General color lemon-yellow, the abdomen 
darker, banded with black, the sides of the thorax mottled with dusky, 
the coxae and legs dusky, excepting the articulations, the distal ends 
of the tibiae and the proximal two tarsal joints all of which are pallid. 
Eyes garnet. Wings hyaline but the fore wings with a slight cloud 
proximad under the venation, and which is bounded distad by the 
short oblique line of discal cilia leading back from the stigmal vein. 
Venation dusky. Antennse yellowish. 
Fore wings with about 18 longitudinal lines of discal cilia, ail of 
the lines distinct and clear cut excepting at the apex, where additional 
cilia occur obscuring the distal ends of the lines ; the discal ciliation 
extends but slightly caudad of the stigmal vein, a few of the central 
lines terminating under the marginal vein in the center of the wing 
blade ; the oblique line of cilia running proximo-caudad from the 
stigmal vein originates along the distal side of the apex of that vein. 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
32 HYMENOPTERA. 
Marginal vein gradually dilated distad, broad, about twice the length 
of the short thick neckless stigmal vein which is turned nearly at right 
angles into the wing disk, and which bears a short uncus half-way 
up its outer (distal) margin ; submarginal vein broadened abruptly 
slightly distad of its proximal half, where it changes angle to extend 
to the marginal vein, twice longer than the latter, its thickened por- 
tion being subequal in length to the marginal vein. Caudal wings 
with the caudal margin slightly convex, the cephalic margin nearly 
straight, the blade moderately broad, narrowing distad to an obtuse 
point, the cephalic marginal cilia short and uniform, the caudal fringes 
moderately long, lengthening distad, the longest not quite as long as 
the greatest wing width. Discal cilia of posterior wings arranged in 
three principal longitudinal lines about equidistant and equally distinct 
and a fourth shorter but similar line of cilia between the second and 
third lines of the equal three ; this shorter line extends from the region 
opposite the apex of the marginal vein to slightly more than half- 
way to the wing apex ; none of the lines are especially near the wing 
margins. 
Club of antennae 4-jointed, pointed conic-ovate, widest at the second 
joint, the first and third joints subequal in length, the first somewhat 
longer, both joints subquadrate, the second joint shorter by at least a 
third, wider than long, the fourth or terminal joint conical, nearly as 
long as the third ; pedicel conical ; scape normal, cylindrical. Pubes- 
cence sparse, long. 
From 2 specimens, §-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
The male is unknown. Described from two female speci- 
mens mounted on a single slide in balsam received through 
the kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard and bearing the following 
label: " Parasite bred from apple twigs infested with y^.s^/- 
diohis perniciosus. Charlottesville, Va. Rec. Apr. 8, '95." 
Habitat. — United States : Virginia (Charlottesville). 
7>/^^.— Type No. 13,395, United States National Mu- 
seum, Washington, D. C, 2 9 's in xylol-balsam, 1 slide. 
7. UFENS genus novum. (Fig. 10.) 
Normal to the subfamily. Fore wings with the venation 
not forming a bow. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head normal, the antennae inserted slighty ventrad 
of the middle of the face and slightly dorsad of the ventral ends 
of the eyes their bulbs over their own widths apart, the vertex 
A. A. GIRAULT. 33 
not especially wide or long, bearing the three ocelli in a tri- 
angle in its center near the occipital margin, the lateral ocelli 
somewhat their own width apart from the eye margins ; eyes 
ovate. The thorax and abdomen about equal in length, the 
latter sessile, short, stout, obliquely truncate ventrad, ovate, 
the whole body well proportioned, the ovipositor not ex- 
serted, the tips of the hypopygium visible but not exserted. 
Parapsidal furrows complete, widely separated ; mesoscutel- 
lum transverse elliptical in shape, distinctly shorter than the 
scutum ; pronotum very narrow. Legs normal, the three 
joints of the tarsi short, subequal in length, the proximal 
joint somewhat the shortest, the tibial spurs single, the poste- 
rior femora broader than the others. Tibial spurs of the 
cephalic legs not curved and forked to form a strigil. 
Antennae 7-jointed* — scape, pedicel, one shallow ring-joint, 
one funicle joint and a 3-jointed club ; all of the joints wide, 
the funicle somewhat the widest or as wide as the widest 
portion of the club, the club as long as the pedicel and funi- 
cle united, the funicle as long or longer than the pedicel ; 
and the scape cylindrical and the next longest joint after the 
club ; pedicel and scape narrower, the funicle joint distinctly 
wider than the pedicel ; funicle apparently divided obliquely 
into two joints, globular to subquadrate ; ring-joint exceed- 
ingly short, thin, saucer-like. 
Fore wings (fig. 10) short and broad, oblately rounded at 
the apex, broadest at their distal sixth or just proximad of 
the apex, far distad of the apex of the venation, shaped like 
a fiat broad paddle but not as broad as in Chaetostricha ilavi- 
pes (Girault) for instance, nearly as in the genus Uscana 
Girault ; at their greatest width not more than twice longer 
than wide, across the marginal vein four times longer than 
broad ; hyaline, the discal ciliation moderately dense, normal 
with the exception of six longitudinal widely separated radiat- 
ing lines which, though not separated themselves from the 
* I have had great difficulty in determining the antennal structure of 
this genus ; the ring-joint is present but escapes certain detection very 
easily, while the apparently large single funicle joint has a peculiar 
twist to it as if divided obliquely but I cannot detect articulation here, 
merely thickening due to the twist. 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXX VII. (5) 
34 HYMENOPTERA. 
remainder of the pubescence yet stand out more prominently 
as regular rows ; these regular lines have a tendency to be 
paired, especially the second and fifth ; discal ciliation or 
pubescence absent proximad, caudad of the apex of the vena- 
tion with the exception of a wedge-shaped or acute prolonga- 
tion proximad to the proximal end of the marginal vein 
nearer to the caudal margin than to the middle of the wing 
at that point and a short straight longitudinal row of four 
cilia farther proximad, just under but not very near to the 
submarginal vein (about its true center) and separated from 
the remaining portion of the wing disk by the caudal spur 
borne by the submarginal vein where it suddenly broadens ; 
also a similar row of three or four above the submarginal vein 
farther distad ; discal cilia short, moderately coarse, coarser 
and longer than the marginal cilia ; a prominent, long proximo- 
caudal line of about from 10 to 14 cilia, curved, leads from 
the apex of the stigmal vein ; marginal cilia short, longest 
along the caudo-apical margin but there not a fifteenth as 
long as the greatest width of the wing, about as in the males 
of Lathromeris Foerster ; a few still longer ones proximad of 
the marginal vein ; absent on the caudal margin proximad of 
a point opposite to the apex of the stigmal vein. Venation 
straight not forming a regular arch or bow, submarginal vein 
slender, straight to its distal third, wider at its base (gradu- 
ally so) and at its distal third suddenly widening to the width 
of the marginal vein, at that point also bearing a distinct 
backward spur, narrower, which points caudad and slightly 
mesad ; the vein then proceeds to the cephalic wing margin 
to become the marginal vein which is nearly straight, much 
shorter than the submarginal vein, no longer than that vein's 
wide distal fourth and slightly longer than the stigmal vein 
or subequal to it ; the stigmal vein proceeds disto-caudad, 
its angle with the marginal vein being greater than that of 
the marginal and submarginal veins or about 45° ; apex of 
stigmal vein nearly truncate and very slightly broadened ; 
near the apex it bears a short, nipple-like spur or uncus point- 
ing nearly distad or laterad and which nearly forms a fork ; 
postmarginal vein absent.. Stigmal vein nearly Y-shaped. 
A. A. GIRAULT. 35 
Posterior wings moderate in width, usual in shape, its 
blade with three longitudinal, nearly complete and equal rows 
of discal cilia (including the usual row along each margin, 
here somewhat away from the margins); marginal cilia of 
posterior wings normal, short along the cephalic margin, 
moderately long along the caudal margin where they exceed 
the width of the wing blade in length ; posterior wings hya- 
line ; blades widest at their bases. 
Mandibles tridentate, the two outer, lateral teeth distinct 
and subequal, acute, moderately strong. 
Male. — The same ; abdomen slightly longer, its sides more 
parallel ; antennae with whorls of long hairs as in Pentarihron 
Riley but 7-jointed, the joints distinct yet the club not well 
dilTerentiated from the funicle as in the female, all the joints 
subquadrate, the terminal joint with an apical bud-like ap- 
pendage. 
Type. — T?'2chog7-amma nigrum Ashmead. 
A genus mostly distinguished by the 7-jointed antennae 
with a ring-joint and with a large funicle joint having a pecu- 
liar twisted appearance, by dissimilar male antennae, by the 
characteristic fore wings and by the short, straight, uniform 
marginal vein. It is closely related to Chaetostricha Hali- 
day as known to me through {Paracentrobia) Chaetostricha 
flavipes (Girault) but the fore wings of the latter differ re- 
markably in the shape of the marginal and stigmal veins 
which are short, strongly clavate and nearly at right angles 
to each other and the male antennae do not differ from those 
of the female. 
1. Ufeiis nig-er (Ashmead). 
Trichogranima nigrum Ashmead, 1888, p. 107. — de Dalla Torre, 
1898, p. 3.— Schmiedeknecht, 1909, p. 485. 
The type species of this genus was described years ago 
by Ashmead (1888) as follows: 
" (20) Tricliograiiinia iiigrimi. 
Female. Length .02 inch. Robust, black, polished. Antennte short, 
stout, brown. Legs entirely white. The scutellum is rather high testa- 
ceous, the extreme tip white. The abdomen is sessile ovate, not longer 
than the head and thorax, its dorsum somewhat flat. Wings hyaline, 
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XXXVII. 
36 HYMENOPTERA. 
as in T. acuminatum without, however, the small blotch beneath the 
stigma; veins brownish ; tegulse white. 
Described from two specimens." p. 107. 
This species was first known to me in 1909 when I cap- 
tured several females on a window at Centralia, Illinois and 
upon them based this new genus. Subsequently other speci- 
mens were received as listed beyond but not until very 
recently was I able to connect these specimens with niger ; 
this was done by means of the specimens from the National 
Museum also listed later. These specimens were not types, 
not designated as such, but were simply labelled " Tricho- 
gramma nignmi Ashmead" and were mounted on a card with 
a small piece of a corn leaf, part of the midrib showing exit- 
holes like this parasite would make under such conditions. 
For obvious reasons it is redescribed : 
Normal position. 
Female. — Length, 0.75 mm. ; moderate in size for the subfamily ; 
easily visible to naked eye. 
General colorshining black, the legs pallid yellow. Antennse, coxae, 
portions of femora, lateral aspect of tibiae, distal tarsal joints, head, 
venation, tegulae, base of the abdomen dorsad and metanotum sordid 
or dusky yellowish ; parapsidal furrows bordered with some yellowish ; 
mandibles fuscous. Fore and hind wings hyaline. Eyes and ocelli 
dark reddish, the former clothed with sparse hairs. 
Sculpture of most of the body inconspicuous, the scutellum and gense 
finely, longitudinally striate ; pubescence sparse, long rather stiff setae ; 
of the six regular, longitudinal (disto-proximad) radiating rows of 
the discal ciliation of the fore wing, the first or cephalic line is short- 
est (about from 7 to 11 cilia) and proceeds from a point just disto- 
cephalad of the nipple of the stigmal vein straight disto-cephalad to 
the cephalic wing margin ; it is not much longer than the stigmal vein ; 
the second row is near the first and nearly a third longer, converging 
slightly distad in relation to it and proceeding from a point directly 
beyond the nipple of the stigmal vein ; it is distinctly paired. The 
third row of cilia is an opposite of the fourth, distant from the second, 
slightly concave and proceeding nearly directly distad to the apical 
wing margin before reaching which it curves slightly disto-cephalad ; 
it has its origin at the apex of the stigmal vein ; the fourth is near the 
third but proceeding in an opposite direction, disto-caudad to the 
apical wing margin ; it is also curved proximad, not reaching the 
apex of the stigmal vein ; the fifth line has an analogous, but not a 
similar, position to that of the second ; however, it is somewhat shorter, 
convexly curved, less distinctly paired, originates at or proceeds from 
A. A. GIRAULT. 37 
the sixth line at about the latter's distal third, but reaches the caudal 
wing margin near its distal end at a point nearly opposite to the apex 
of the second row of cilia; the sixth or last, most caudal row is sub- 
acutely convexed at its middle and forms the caudal boundary of the 
proximal projection of the discal ciliation ; it originates proximad near, 
but not touching, the caudal wing margin and proceeds distad in the 
form of a flat pyramid with a long (imaginary) base, ending in the 
caudal wing margin at about the base of the distal third of the wing. 
Of these six peculiarly regular lines, the third and fourth are longest. 
Lateral ocelli twice farther apart from each other than each is distant 
from the respective eye margins and slightly farther apart than each 
is distant from the cephalic ocellus ; over their own width from the 
eye margins. 
Antenna clavate, with normal pubescence, sparse, long and soft 
setae increasing in number on the club. Scape moderately short, 
cylindrical, longer than the funicle but slightly shorter than the club ; 
pedicel obconic, shortest of the segmental regions, a fourth shorter than 
the tunicle and nearly a half shorter than the scape ; funicle much 
wider, broad, oval and as wide as the middle of ttie club, which is 
conic-ovate, forming over half of the flagellum, its two proximal joints 
complementary, the intermediate joint obliquely truncate at both ends, 
the apical joint pointed conic and slightly shorter ; club divisions 
oblique. Ring-joint very short, with rimmed margins, saucer-shaped, 
apparently concealed within the hollow base of the funicle joint. 
From 18 specimens, i-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch 
and Lomb. 
Male. — The same ; antennae entirely different, clothed with whorls 
of long hairs, cylindrical, the joints all equal and in the single speci- 
men the terminal joint apparently inclosing a minute, globular eighth 
joint at its extreme apex like a ball in a socket. The ring-joint ap- 
parently absent, hence four funicle joints. 
From a single specimen, s-inch objective, 1-inch optic, 
Bausch and Lomb. 
Described from 1 male and 18 female specimens mounted 
in balsam, the coloration and sculpture from two living 
females, unmounted, stupefied with chloroform and taken at 
Centralia, Illinois, September 5, 1909 and from two females 
in the U. S. National Museum. The following slides : (1) 
A slide bearing one female labelled " On window, Centralia, 
Illinois, September 5, 1909 (A. A. G.);" and (2), (3), (4), 
(5) and (6) all bearing the label " Webster No 5737. Salis- 
bury, N. C. R. A. Vickery," and respectively consisting of 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
38 HYMENOPTERA. 
these specimens— 1 9 ; 4 9's; 19; ld^,29's; 5 9 's. These 
specimens were received for determination from Professor 
F. M. Webster, in charge of cereal and forage crop insect 
investigations, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C, through the kindness of Dr. 
L. O. Howard the Bureau's chief. I have since captured a 
single female on a stable window at Mattoon, Illinois, July 
16, 1910 and more recently have studied two females mounted 
side by side on a square tag, in the U. S. National Museum 
collection, labelled " Trichogra?nma nigriim Ashm." and " D. 
C. July 12. '79. Bred from mid-rib of corn leaf." These 
were successfully remounted in balsam and they proved to 
be identical with the others. Undoubtedly they are the speci- 
mens from which the species was originally described hence 
types, though not so designated originally. They were reared 
from some eggs deposited within a corn leaf along each side 
of the midrib. 
Habitat. — United States : District of Columbia ; Illinois 
(Centralia, Mattoon); North Carolina (Salisbury). 
Type. — Type No. 13,396, United States National Museum, 
Washington, D. C, 1 9 in xylol-balsam (Centralia, Illinois, 
September 5, 1909, Girault). Cotypes. — Accession No. 44,168 
(2 balsam slides — 5 9 's and 1 d^, 2 9 's respectively. Salis- 
bury, North Carolina. R. A. Viekery. Webster No. 5737), 
Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. 
8. NEOTRICHOGRAMMA genus novum. (Figs. 11, 
12 and 13.) 
In general aspect similar to Pentaj-thron Riley and also in 
all general characters but differing in having a moderately 
long, acutely trianglar abdomen ending in a sharp point and 
with the valves of the ovipositor prominent, long, distinctly 
projecting beyond the tip of the abdomen, accentuating its 
acuteness ; in the longer discal and marginal ciliation of the 
fore wings both being about twice the length of those usual 
in the other genus ; in the more enlarged posterior femora, 
the longer and more slender tibiae and the longer, more 
slender antennal club. The posterior wings are also notice- 
ably slender and sharp and the fore wings are long, distinctly 
A. A, GIRAULT. 
39 
longer in proportion to their width than is usual in the genus 
mentioned but of the same width and shape. The mandibles 
bear several more teeth, about five in all. 
Normal position. 
Female. — Head normal, somewhat wider than the thorax, 
the eyes ovate, the ocelli three in number in a flat triangle 
on the vertex ; antennae inserted slightly below the middle 
of the face, 6-jointed — scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, two 
funicle joints and a solid club, the pedicel distinctly longer 
than the first funicle joint, the pubescence not conspicuous, 
consisting of short, soft, fine hairs. Thorax somewhat shorter 
than the abdomen, the parapsidal furrows complete, widely 
separated, straight ; abdomen along the meson about equal 
in length to the head and thorax combined, moderate in 
length, from the dorsal aspect acutely triangular, from the 
lateral aspect conic ovate, the venter oblique, the valves of 
the ovipositor borne along at least the distal two-thirds of 
the venter and projecting distinctly beyond the tip of the 
abdomen but not conspicuously (fig. 13); slightly exserted. 
Cilia of the last pair of spiracles conspicuous, projecting from 
each side of the tip of the abdomen. 
Fore wings (fig. 11) long, about two and a quarter times 
longer than wide, regularly rounded, the margins of the blade 
similar, the marginal cilia not very long but not short, moder- 
ately short to moderately long, about twice the length of those 
usual to Penta7'thron but not more than an eighth or ninth 
the greatest wing width, the discal cilia moderately dense, 
moderately large, distinct ; an oblique line of discal cilia 
running proximo-caudad from the stigmal knob ; discal cilia 
arranged in about from 15 to 20 longitudinal lines, uniform 
but not all of the lines in regular rows. Venation forming 
a bow as in Pentarthron, the marginal and stigmal veins sub- 
equal in length, the latter slender ending in a small truncate 
knob which bears a short uncus ; the submarginal vein about 
two and a quarter times longer than the marginal vein. 
Postmarginal vein absent. Posterior wings (fig. 12) long 
and narrow, sharply acuminate, acute at apex, the margins 
of the blade similar distad of the marginal vein, the cephalic 
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. 
40 HYMENOPTERA. 
margin acute at the distal end of the marginal vein or at the 
hooklets. Posterior wings bearing three principal lines of 
discal cilia, the cephalic two lines paired and their cilia closer 
together in the line, near the cephalic margin, the caudal 
line with the cilia more distant from each other in the line 
and that line nearer the caudal margin. Marginal cilia nor- 
mal, as usual those of the caudal margin distinctly longer 
than the wing is wide. 
Legs normal but the caudal femora are noticeably stout 
and the tibiae are longer than the tarsi, the latter slender, the 
joints moderately long, subequal, the tibial spurs single, 
straight, absent on the cephalic tibiae. Ventral aspect of 
tarsi clothed with soft hairs which are moderately long and 
moderately dense. 
Mandibles with five distinct teeth, the three inner (mesal) 
ones subequal, longer, the two outer (lateral) ones about a 
half shorter, subequal, all acute, nearly in a straight line. 
Male. — The same. Abdomen less acute but the genitalia 
exserted (death) . Antennae with long soft hairs and 4-jointed, 
the two funicle joints but indistinctly indicated, together with 
the club forming a long spindle-shaped, knotted or nodular 
club joint. Composed of scape, pedicel, one ring-joint and 
a long funicle-club. 
Type. — The following species : 
1. N^eotrichograinnia aciitiveutre species nova.* 
Female. — Length, 1.00 mm. ; variable. Moderately large. General 
color dark brownish, the abdomen much darker, the posterior femora 
and terminal tarsal joints dusky, the remaining segment of the legs 
pallid yellowish as are also the antennae; ocelli ruby red, eyes dark 
garnet ; venation pallid yellowish to dusky ; wings hyaline but the 
fore wings fumated proximad out as far as the end of the stigmal vein, 
the distal margin of the fumated area slightly obliqued caudo-distad 
involving proximal portions of the discal ciliation. The oblique 
proximo-caudal line of discal cilia running back from the stigmal vein 
is curved, containing about nine cilia and slightly caudad of the mid- 
dle of the wing, joining a nearly reciprocal line running disto-caudad, 
both forming a broad v-shaped line. The marginal vein bears three 
* As I will show elsewhere, this species is the Trichogramtna japoni- 
cum of Ashmead. The name is therefore Neotrichogramma japonicuni 
(Ashmead). 
A. A. GIRAULT. 41 
long equal setse, and the submarginal vein another of nearly equal 
length near its distal end ; also a smaller one at the base of the stigmal 
vein and two others, one on the marginal vein near the middle long 
seta and one on the submarginal vein, a total of seven. Sculpture of 
the body not marked, inconspicuous. 
Male. — The same. 
Described from four males and fifteen females received 
from Professor S. I. Kuwana of Japan through Dr. L. O. 
Howard to whom they were sent for identification. The 
specimens were distributed on four balsam slides labelled 
respectively " 6. Host: Chilo simplex (eggs). Japan. S.I. 
Kuwana, March, 1910." 
Habitat. — Japan. 
Homotypes.—C2it. No. 13,391, United States National Mu- 
seum, Washington, D. C, 1 c?, 6 9 's in xylol-balsam, 1 
slide. Accession No. 44,169, Illinois State Laboratory of 
Natural History, Urbana, Illinois, 1 cf , 2 9 's in xylol-balsam, 
1 slide (sublabel "6"). 
LITERATURE REFERRED TO. 
ASHMEAD, William Harris. — The Canadian Entomologist, 
London, Ontario, XX, p. 107. 
1895. Marlatt, Charles Lester. — Insect Life, U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, VII (1894-1895), p. 13. 
1896. Zehntner. — Mededeelingen van het Proefstation Oost-Java. 
Nieuwe serie No. 23. 
1898. DE Dalla Torre, Carl G. — Catalogus hymenopterorum hucus- 
que descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, Lipsiae, V. 
1907. GiRAULT, Alexandre Arsene.— Psyche, Boston, Massachu- 
setts, XIV, p. 30, 
1909. ScHMiEDEKNECHT, Otto. — Genera Insectorum (P. Wytsman), 
Bruxelles, 97™* fascicule, family Chalcididae. 
1910. HoDGKiss, Harold E. Technical Bull. No. 17, New York 
Agric. Experiment Station, Geneva. 
trans, am. ENT. SOC, XXXVII. (6) 
42 HYMENOPTERA. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. 
Fig. 1. Antenna of the male of Aphelinoidea seniifuscipennis Girault, 
greatly enlarged ; pubescence indicated only. 
2. Fore wing of the male of same, greatly enlarged ; the venation 
indicated only. 
3. Antenna of Tuniidiclava pulckrinotufn Girault, greatly en- 
larged ; the pubescence indicated only. 
4. Antenna of the male of Abbella subflava, the pedicel en- 
larged slightly too much ; pubescence indicated only. 
5. Wing of the same, greatly enlarged ; the discal ciliation indi- 
cated only. 
6. Antenna of the female of Trichogrammatoidea tiana (Zehntner) , 
enlarged. From Zehntner, through kindness of Dr. L. O. 
Howard. Redrawn. 
7. Antenna of the male of same. Redrawn from Zehntner's 
original figure, through kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard. 
Note that the ring-joint is omitted in the figure, the antenna 
being 8-jointed instead of 7-jointed as represented here. 
8. Ittys ceresarum (Ashmead), female antenna, enlarged; pubes- 
cence indicated only. 
9. Fore wing of the same, enlarged ; discal ciliation shown a little 
too dense. 
10. Fore wing of Ufens niger (Ashmead) , female, greatly enlarged ; 
the ciliation indicated only. 
11. Fore wing of Neotrichogranima japonicuni , female, greatly en- 
larged. 
12. Posterior wing of the same, female, greatly enlarged. 
13. Apex of the abdomen of the same, female, indicating the man- 
ner and degree of exsertion of the sheaths of the ovipositor ; 
greatly enlarged.