PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 95(2), 1993, pp. 210-222 LIFE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF TEPHRITIS ARIZONAENSIS QUISENBERRY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON BACCHARIS SAROTHROIDES GRAY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Richard D. Goeden, David H. Headrick, and Jeffrey A. Teerink Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521. Abstract. — Tephritis arizonaensis Quisenberry is bivoltine and monophagous, or nearly so, on Baccharis sarothroides Gray (Asteraceae). The F, larvae feed and develop in non-galled, branch-tip mines, the only Nearctic Tephritidae known to do so; whereas, the Fj larvae develop singly in male or female flower heads. Eggs and ova, second and third instars, and the puparium of this tephritid are described for the first time. The discovery of a laterally striated, membraneous sheath covering each ovum is reported. The median oral lobe of second and third instars is attached to the floor of the mouth lumen, as reported to date for only one other, noncongeneric, nonfrugivorous. North American tephritid. The puparium is tightly girdled by a cylinder of host-plant epidermis inside the branch tip mine, which bears a characteristic vent hole basally. Adult behaviors, including courtship and copulation, are described. Hymenopterous parasitoids of T. arizonaensis include two species of solitary, primary endoparasitoids, Pteromalus sp. and Dinarmus sp. (Pteromalidae), and two species of solitary, primary, endoparasitic Eupelmus (Eupel-midae). This tephritid may be worth evaluating further as a candidate agent to export for the biological control of weedy Baccharis. Key Words: Insecta, Tephritis, Baccharis, biology, biological weed control, gall evolution, monophagy, phytophagy, taxonomy of immature stages, mating behavior, parasitoids Eighteen species of Tephritis indigenous Materials and Methods to North America have been described Two locations in San Diego Co. in south-(Foote 1960, Stolzfus 1977, Footeand Blanc em California were used as primary study 1979, Jenkins and Turner 1989), but the sites: Otay Mesa overlooking San Ysidro biologies of only two of these are known in just north of Tijuana, Mexico, at 45-m el-great detail, i.e. T. stigmatica (Coquillett) evation, and near Loveland Reservoir, 5 km on Senecio spp. (Tauber and Toschi 1965, south of Alpine at 480-m elevation. Field Goeden 1988a) and T. baccharis (Coquil-observations on the F,, branch-mining gen-lett) on Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz and Pa-eration were principally made at these two von) Persoon (Goeden and Headrick 1991a). locations during 1989-91. Rower heads This paper describes the life history of a containing F, larvae and puparia also were third Nearctic species, T. arizonaensis sampled at several additional locations re-Quisenberry, on B. sarothroides Gray in ported below. Samples of branch mines and southern California. flower heads containing larvae and puparia
Life history and descriptions of immature stages of Tephritis arizonaensis Quisenberry (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Baccharis sarothroides Gray in southern California
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