PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 107(4). 2005. pp. 917-940 A REVIEW OF GROUND BEETLE SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) OF MINNESOTA, UNITED STATES: NEW RECORDS AND RANGE EXTENSIONS Kamal J. K. Gandhi, Daniel W. Gilmore, George E. Ball, Ralph W. Holzenthal, Steven A. JCatovich, Jessica J. Koehle, Kirk J. Larsen, William J. Mattson, and Steven J. Seybold (KJKG, RWH, SJS) Department of Entomology, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Av- enue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.; (KJKG, DWG, SJS) De- partment of Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.; (GEB) E. H. Strickland Museum. Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Center, University of Alberta. Ed- monton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (SAK) USDA-Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.; (JJK) Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 200 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.; (KJL) Department of Biology, Luther College, 700 College Drive. De- corah, lA 52101, U.S.A.; (WJM) USDA-Forest Service, North Central Research Station. Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, U.S.A.; (KJKG, SJS) Current mailing address: USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, 720 Olive Drive. Suite D, Davis, CA 95616. U.S.A. (e-mail: SJS: sseybold@fs.fed.us) Abstract. — We report new Minnesota records for 13 genera and 100 species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), reflecting 21% and 31% increases, respectively, over records in the literature. There are now 76 genera and 433 carabid species recorded from Minnesota. New material was collected from sub-boreal forest study sites in northeastern and central Minnesota. We also surveyed 16 museum collections and private collections in the United States with an emphasis on collections in the north central region and those likely to contain Minnesota records. New generic records for Minnesota from the museum collections include Paratachys Casey, Nomius Laporte, Platypatrobiis Darlington. Gas- trellarius Casey, Lophoglossus LeConte, Pseudamara Lindroth, Panagaeus Latreille, Dicheirotrichus Jacquelin du Val, Discoderus LeConte, Leptotrachelus Latreille. Tetra- gonoderus Dejean, Apenes LeConte, and Axinopcdpiis LeConte. New species records from the field surveys in northeastern and central Minnesota include Notiophilus aquaticiis (Linnaeus), Sphaerodenis nitidicollis brevoorti LeConte, Trechiis crassiscapiis Lindroth. Bembidion mutatiim Gemminger & Harold, Bembidion ningatei Bland. Patrobits foveo- collis (Eschscholtz), Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, Pterostichus lueUuuirius (lUiger), Amara coelebs Hay ward, Pseudamara arenaria (LeConte), Bradyccllus semipubescens Lindroth, Harpalus ventralis LeConte. Agonum affiiie Kirby. and Agomim trigemimim Lindroth. In addition, we highlight the special role off. inelanariiis as an invasive beetle. Since many of the new records were based on specimens stored in research entomological collections, we recognize the significance of instilulioiial holdings as a source of infor- mation for studies of native biodiversity. Key Words: biodiversity. Carabidae. grtiund beetles. Minncsoia. nuiscuiii collections. 918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON species distributions, sub-boreal forest, invasive species, Pterostichiis me- lanarius, threatened species, local extinctions, Calosoma scrutator Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are relatively abundant and diverse in the forests and grasslands of Minnesota. Min- nesota is unique among neighboring US states and Canadian provinces because it occurs at a transition point where three bi- omes meet: sub-boreal coniferous/decidu- ous forests, central deciduous forests, and tall grass prairies (Tester 1995, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 2004) (Fig. 1). This habitat diversity leads to cor- responding biodiversity of the Carabidae in the state. In a literature and museum (ex- cluding the University of Minnesota Insect Collection) survey of America north of Mexico, Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) reported 63 genera and 323 species of ca- rabids inhabiting Minnesota. In a survey of northeastern North America, Downie and Arnett (1996) documented 28 genera and 94 species of ground beetles in Minnesota. Three species records in the latter work were unique, bringing the total in the state to 63 genera and 326 species. Since the late 1800s, ground beetles have been collected by numerous professional and amateur entomologists in Minnesota, with the earliest collections dating from 1888 when the Division of Entomology and Botany was established at the University of Minnesota (Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota 2004). Otto Lug- ger, a faculty entomologist, developed the first insect collection, which is housed at the University of Minnesota Insect Collec- tion in St. Paul (UMIC). O.W. Oestlund, an entomologist with the Minnesota Geologi- cal and Natural History Survey and a pro- fessor in the Department of Animal Biology at the University of Minnesota, also col- lected a large number of carabids in the state. The carabid collection was further en- hanced in the late 1800s and early 1900s by C.N. Ainslie, a professor in the Department of Zoology, who collected almost entirely in Olmsted County. In the early to mid- 1900's, C.E. Mickel, a professor in the De- partment of Entomology, D.G. Denning, a student at the UMIC, W.E. Stehr, a curator at the UMIC, M.H. Hatch, an instructor at the University of Minnesota (1926-1927), and A. A. Granovsky, a professor in the De- partment of Entomology (1930-1956), all were avid Minnesota insect collectors who contributed carabid specimens to the UMIC. Between the mid-1960's and the early 1990's, J.R. Powers, a biology profes- sor at Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota, and his students, made exten- sive collections of carabids from the west- ern counties. Many of these specimens were deposited in the Essig Museum, University of California, Berkeley. During the last twenty years, carabid sur- veys have focused on specific geographic areas and habitat types in the state (Fig. 2). L ,, ^ \ Central Deciduous iTall Grass^^ ^^Q^ Prairies / L Fig. 1 . Map of Minnesota showing the three major ecological biomes present in the state. VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 919 ri O „ = _ - z r, - -; ^ "^ L* ^ ' ^ " --^ C) C a. 3 -* s < j: 00 o -^ — — '-) w c c: ■- O 6X) E 5 1 S 5 = ^ = :lj c "^ ■£ n = 2; 920 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For example, Epstein (1982) and Epstein and Kulman (1984, 1990) studied carabids in oak and cottonwood forests, and grassy fields in east-central Minnesota. These sites are being re-sampled in 2005 by the first author and M.E. Epstein to document long- term changes in ground beetle assemblages in Minnesota. More recently, Tinerella (2000) and Tinerella and Rider (2001) stud- ied carabids in the tallgrass prairie region of western Minnesota, and reported six new state records. MacLean (2002) studied sub- boreal forest stands and wetlands in the Grand Portage National Monument in ex- treme northeastern Minnesota, and reported five new state records. Gilmore et al. (2002) outlined a research project in the sub-boreal forests of northeastern Minnesota and first reported the presence of Pterostichus me- Icmahus (Illiger), a European invasive spe- cies, in Minnesota. Subsequently, Petrice et al. (2002) confirmed the presence of P. me- lanarius in Minnesota and established eight additional records of carabid species in hardwood vernal pond habitats in north- central Minnesota. Hladilek (2003) con- ducted an ecological study of the interac- tion of ground beetles with detrital food webs in a wheat field on the University of Minnesota campus in east-central Minne- sota (Ramsey County), but reported no new state species records. During the summer of 2000, we initiated a study of ground beetles in the sub-boreal forested region of northeastern Minnesota including the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. A catastrophic windstorm event occurred on the 4"' of July, 1999, and re- sulted in windthrow of trees on more than 193,035 hectares of forestland in the Su- perior National Forest (USD A 2000). This study focused on the influences of this large-scale wind-disturbance event and post-wind-disturbance silvicultural treat- ments (e.g., salvage-logging and prescribe- burning) on the abundance and diversity of forest Coleoptera (Gilmore et al. 2002, 2005). During the summer of 2002, we ini- tiated a separate study to assess the imme- diate responses of ground beetles to a se- vere wildfire in a Pinus hanksiana Lamb, forest near Brainerd in central Minnesota. Results from a disturbance ecology per- spective from both of these field studies will be reported elsewhere. Our field studies on carabids in Minne- sota have revealed a number of species oc- currences that were previously unrecorded in the state. In addition, we surveyed the UMIC and 15 other insect collections, housed in academic and research institu- tions or in private hands, for new state re- cords. In this paper, we list and discuss these new records and include information on sample locations, collection dates, name of the collector, and number of adults col- lected in each series. We also provide the current distributions and known habitat as- sociations of the species that represent new state records from our studies in northeast- ern and central Minnesota. Materials and Methods Study sites. — In northeastern Minnesota, ground beetles were sampled from research sites along the Gunflint Trail and in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in the Superior National Forest in Cook County (Fig. 2). The forest is composed of paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh., trembling aspen, Populus tremiiloides Michx., northern white cedar. Thuja occi- dentalis L., jack pine, Pinus banksiana, eastern white pine, P. strobus L., red pine, P. resinosa Ait., black spruce, Picea mari- ana (Mill.) B.S.P, white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. We sampled carabids from P. tremuloideslB. papy rife ra/conifer-, and P. banks iana-dominated forests in undis- turbed, severely wind-disturbed (67-100% tree mortality), wind-disturbed-salvage- logged, and wind-disturbed-prescribe- burned stands (Gilmore et al. 2002, 2005). The burned stands were moderately sal- vage-logged prior to burning, and thus had been subjected to three disturbance factors. VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 921 During 2000, we sampled two sites (repli- cates) for each of three treatment types (un- disturbed, severely wind-disturbed, and wind-disturbed-salvage-logged) in each of the two (P. tremuloideslB. papyrifera/co- nifer and P. banksiana) forest cover types for a total of 12 sites. During 2001-2003, we sampled four sites (replicates) for each of the four treatment types (undisturbed, se- verely wind-disturbed, wind-disturbed-sal- vage-logged, and wind-disturbed-prescribe- burned) in each of the two {P. tremuloidesl B. papyriferal comf&r and P. banksiana) for- est cover types for a total of 32 sites In central Minnesota, ground beetles were sampled near the town of Barrows, located ten km southwest of Brainerd in Crow Wing County (Fig. 2). The forest is composed primarily of oak, Quercus spp., and jack pine, P. banksiana, growing on sandy soils. On 31 May 2002, a lightning strike started a wildfire between Brainerd and Barrows, and it quickly consumed over 285 hectares of this forest type. We sampled carabids from unburned and severely- burned (100% tree mortality) P. banksiana- dominated forest stands. During 2002 and 2003, we sampled four sites in each of the two treatment types (unburned and burned) for a total of eight sites. Field surveys. — Adult ground beetles were collected with standard pitfall traps consisting of an outer 1 L and an inner 500 mL plastic cup filled with 2—3 cm of pro- pylene glycol as a preserving agent (Spence and Niemela 1994). Each trap was covered with a 100 cm- plywood roof to protect the collecting cup from small mam- mal disturbances and flooding during rain. During 2000 in northeastern Minnesota. six unbaited pitfall traps were placed in each of the 12 sites for a total of 72 traps. During 2001-2003, six unbailed pitfall traps were placed in each of the 32 sites for a total of 192 traps. In addition, we collected carabid beetles from pitfall traps that were baited with various combinations of a- or P-pinene that were used to attract rhizophagous beetles. During 2000, three replicates of each of four bait-types were placed in each of the 12 sites for a total of 144 traps. During 2001-2003. only P. banksiana sites were sampled with baited pitfall traps, and five of these traps (in- cluding an unbaited control trap) were placed in 16 sites for a total of 80 traps. In northeastern Minnesota, all traps were spaced by 20 m, operated from late-May to early October, and emptied every 15-20 days. In the central Minnesota study area, four unbaited pitfall traps spaced by 50 m were placed in each of the eight sites for a total of 32 traps. These traps were op- erated from mid-June to mid-September and emptied every 15-20 days. Adult beetles were identified by the au- thors K. J. K. Gandhi and G. E. Ball using taxonomic keys provided by Lindroth (1961-69), Downie and Arnett (1996). LiebheiT and Will (1996). and Ball and Bousquet (2001). Distribution records of the species were cross-checked with Bous- quet and Larochelle (1993), Downie and Arnett (1996), and other specific references noted above. Nomenclature and phyloge- netic concepts in this paper generally fol- low that of Noonan (1991) and Bousquet and Larochelle (1993). Voucher specimens from our sub-boreal forest studies in north- eastern and central Minnesota have been deposited at the UMIC. Museum survey. — We searched system- atically for new records of carabids amongst the specimens in major collec- tions. At the UMIC. we surveyed the iden- tified and unidentified material in the family Carabidae. For the identified beetles, we fo- cused on adull carabids collected from all counties in Minnesota. Because of the large number of unidentified material at UMIC, we focused primarily (^n unidcntiticd cara- bids collected from Aitkin, Bcliiami. Carl- ton, Cook. Itasca, Kittson, Koochiching, Lake. Lake o\' the Woods. Marshall. Pen- nington, Polk. Red Lake. Roseau, and St. Louis counties o\' Minnesota. W'c chose specimens from these counties reasoning that they would include all boreal species 922 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON that might overlap with our own biodiver- sity surveys. We searched the database of the Insect Collection at the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco, CAS) for new Minnesota records amongst the identified carabid beetles, and searched the complete holdings of the California Collec- tion of Arthropods at the Plant Pest Diag- nostic Center (Sacramento, CDFA), the En- vironmental Division of the Grand Portage Band (Grand Portage, Minnesota, GPB), Iowa State University (Ames, ISU), the Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM), North Dakota State University (Fargo, NDSIRC), the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C., NMNH), South Dakota State Univer- sity (Brookings, SDSU), University of Cal- ifornia, Berkeley (UCB), University of Cal- ifornia, Davis (UCD), Illinois Natural His- tory Survey (Champaign, INHSIC), Uni- versity of Wisconsin (Madison, UWM), and University of Wyoming (Laramie, UW). Furthermore, we searched the private ground beetle collections of K.J. Larsen, Luther College (Decorah, Iowa, KJL) and K.W Will, University of California (Berke- ley, KWW) for new records. Collection data for each specimen includ- ed county and specific locality, any habitat information, collector, collection date, and number of specimens in the series (indicat- ed parenthetically at the end of the record). Some information about the museum spec- imens may be incomplete because of the limited locality and habitat data recorded on specimen labels. If the specimen was only labeled "Minn." or "MN," then this is list- ed as unknown county and unknown col- lector in our results. The records are pre- sented in chronological order to reflect the historical precedence of the collections, and when dates were not present on the labels, we have placed them in the chronology based on our knowledge of when various collectors were active. Unless indicated by a specific collection acronym, the record is from the UMIC. Results Tribe Notiophilini Notiophilus aquaticus (Linnaeus). — Ot- ter Tail Co., O. Lugger (1). Lake Co., Two Harbors, M.H. Hatch, VI.28.1927 (1). Crow Wing Co., C.E. Mickel, V.14.1928 (1). Cook Co., Superior National Forest, baited pitfall trap, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°07'31"N 90°50'30"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed- prescribe-burned forest, VII.30-VIII. 1 1. 2003 (1). We collected a total of one adult. Notiophilus aquaticus is a transcontinen- tal species that ranges from Newfoundland to Alaska and south to Arizona (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 50). This species is associated with open areas (Lindroth 1961- 69: 95). Tribe Carabini Calosoma affine Chaudoir. — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1, ISU). Martin Co., Tru- man, J.H. Patchin, VII.20.1936 (1). Calosoma externum (Say). — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1, ISU). Ramsey Co., St Paul, Como Park lights, WE. Hoffman, VII.6.1921 (1). Houston Co., unknown col- lector, V.26.1940 (1). Calosoma obsoletum Say. — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1, ISU). Cass Co., Cass Lake, K.F Ziegler, VI.27.1934 (1). Rock Co., Luverne, A.E. Pritchard, IX. 13- 14.1935 (1); R Nicholson, VLB. 1938, VI.14.1938, VI.11.1938, VL22.1938 (7). Big Stone Co., Odessa Township, W Stehr, VIII.24.1935 (2, CAS), (1, NMNH). Polk Co., D.G. Denning, Vin.13.1936 (1). Mille Lacs Co., R. Handford, V.28.1937 (1). Ramsey Co., R.H. Handford, V.28.1937 (1). Beltrami Co., D.G. Denning, VI.22.1937 (1). Kittson Co., Hallock, D.G. Denning, VII.8.1937 (1); A.WBuzicky, VIII.12.1939 (1). Nobles Co., C.E. Mickel, VI.2.1938 (3). Pipestone Co., C.E. Mickel, VI.3.1938 (3). Lincoln Co., C.E. Mickel, VI.4.1938 (3). Calosoma scrutator (Fabricius). — Hen- nepin Co., Minneapolis, O.W Oestlund (1); Lake Minnetonka, G. Swanson, VI. 10. 1933 VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 923 (1). Fillmore Co., Entomology Class, V.25.1936 (1). Houston Co., H.C. Ma, V.22.1937 (1). Ramsey Co., E. Thomas, IX.15.1937 (1). Carabus sylvosus Say. — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1, ISU). Itasca Co., Itasca Park, L.W. Orr, VII.2.1928, VIII.22.1931 (2). Anoka/Isanti Co., Cedar Creek Bog, H.L. Gunderson, Vm.24.1948 (1). Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, M. Davis, VII. 26. 2000, IX. 13.2000 (2, KJL). Carabus vinctus (Weber). — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1, ISU). Tribe Cychrini Scaphinotus fissicoUis (LeConte). — Olm- sted Co., C.N. Ainslie (10, ISU). Houston Co., Jellison, V.25.1940 (1). Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti Le- Conte. — Cook Co., Superior National For- est, baited and unbaited pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°02'35"N 90°22'30"W, 48°02'42"N 90°2r58"W, 48°02'26"N 90°23'37"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferal conifer wind-disturbed forests, VIII. 10- IX. 29. 2000, V.21-VI. 11.2001. VI. 27- VII. 10.2001, VIII. 20-X. 13. 2001, V.31- VII. 12.2002, VIII. 9-IX. 21. 2002, V.30- IX.15.2003 (36); 48°02'11"N 90°23'01"W, 48°01'46"N 90°23'53"W, P. tremuloides/B. papyrifera/conifer wind-disturbed-salvage- logged forests, VIII. 2 1-26.2000, VI. 7- 27.2001, VI.26-VII.20.2001, VIII. 20- X. 13. 2001, V.28-VI. 17.2002, VIII. 9- IX. 21. 2002, VIII. 5-IX. 14.2003 (21); 48°0r56"N 90°23'55"W, 48°0r56"N 90°23'56"W, 48°02'42"N 90°21'58"W, P. tremuloides/B. papyrifera/comfer undis- turbed forests, VI.7-26.2001, VI1.9- X. 13. 2001, V.31-VI.27.2002. VIII. 9- IX. 2 1.2002, V30-IX. 15.2003 (81); and 48°00'33"N 90°25'15"W, P. tremuloides/B. papyrifera/comfer wind-disturbed-pre- scribed burned forest, VI. I 1-25.2001 . VIII.20-IX.8.2001. VI.27-VII. 12.2002, VIII.9-23.2002, VIII. 18-IX. 14.2003 (10). We collected a total of 148 adults. Our collection of S. n. brevoorti is a new regional record for the north central United States. This species had been collected in the northeastern United States as far west as New York, and in Canada from Nova Scotia, through Ontario, Manitoba, and as far west as Saskatchewan (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 78). It is a forest species associated with moist habitats such as moss and litter (Lindroth 1961-69: 30, Pearce et al. 2003: 347). In agreement with Pearce et al. (2003), we caught S. n. brevoorti exclu- sively in the P. tremuloides/B. papyrifera/ conifer forest cover-type, which suggests that this species may be dependent upon micro-habitats typical of deciduous forests. Tribe Elaphrini Elaphrus lecontei Crotch. — Itasca Co.. Itasca Park, Bohall Lake, D.G. Denning, V.31.1935 (1). Clay Co., Bluestem State Natural Area, mesic prairie. D. Rider and G. Fauske, VII.27.1995 (1. NDSIRC). Tribe Clivinini Clivina americana Dejean. — Ramsey Co., Gray Cloud Island, H.H. Knight. V.23.1920 (1). Wilkin Co., D.G. Denning. VII. 11. 1937 (1). Houston Co.. R. Anderson, V.20.I938 (1). Clivina bipustulata (Fabricius). — Hen- nepin Co., Minneapolis. E. Vaughn. IV.23.1942 (1). Houston Co.. C.E. Mickel. IV.23.1942 (1). Aitkin Co.. Bluff. C.E. Mickel, VI. 1.1942 (1). Clivina impressefrons LeConte. — Wright Co., Buffalo. S.I. Parfin. Vll.29.1947. VIll.3.1947 (2, NMNH). Dyschirius ciencolus LeConte. — Lake Co., Two Harbors, al beach. M.H. Hatch (1). Dyschirius crythroccrus LeConte. — Un- known Co.. A. Bolter (1. INHSIC). Olm- sted Co., C.N. Ainslie (2); Rochester, C.N. Ainslie (1). Nicollet Co.. St. Peter. Fish Hatchery. S. Kepperley. VIII. 11.1925 (I). Polk Co.. CrooksttMi, Red Lake Ri\cr. at light, D.G. Denning. Vll. IS. h;35 (3). Dyschirius i^lohulosus (Say). — Ramsey Co., O. Lugger (4). Unknown County, O. 924 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Lugger (1). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (5). Lake Co., Two Harbors, roots of grass, beach-drift, beach. M.H. Hatch, VL23.1927, VL30.1927. VII.L1927 (3). Goodhue Co., Frontenac, W.C. Stehr, V.29.1930 (2). Winona Co., A.W. Buzicky, V.20.1938 (1). Mille Lacs Co., Mille Lacs, H.E. Milliron, V. 18. 1940 (1). Clay Co., Trust Lands, six miles east of Felton, hayed prairie, unmanaged prairie, C. Locken and G. Fauske, VL7.1996, VL21.1996, Vn.28.1996 (4, NDSIRC); Bluestem State Natural Area, unmanaged prairie, dry prai- rie, hayed prairie, L. DeCock, J. Albertson and K. Urlacker, VL27.1996, Vn.10.1996, Vm.5.1996 (4, NDSIRC); Bicentennial Prairie, J. Albertson and L. DeCock, Vn.3.1996 (1, NDSIRC); and Blazingstar Prairie, J. Albertson and L. DeCock, VII.3.1996, (2, NDSIRC). Anoka Co., Ce- dar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Lar- sen, VII.6.2000, VIII. 16.2000, (2, KJL). Dyschirius haemorrhoidalis (Dejean). — Mille Lacs Co., Mille Lacs, H.G. Rodeck, X.2I.1928 (1). Dyschirius longulus LeConte. — Polk Co., Crookston, light trap, D.G. Denning, VII.9.1935 (1). Dyschirius pumilus (Dejean). — Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, VII.6.2000, VIII.29.2000 (2, KJL). Dyschirius sellatus LeConte. — Ramsey Co., Gray Cloud Island, W.E. Hoffman, VII.12.1921 (1). Schizogenus lineolatus (Say). — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (2). Tribe Trechini Trechus crassiscapus Lindroth. — Cook Co., Superior National Forest, unbailed pit- fall trap, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°03'30"N 90°32'40"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferal conifer wind-disturbed forest, V.30- VI.18.2003 (1). We collected a total of one adult. Trechus crassiscapus is primarily an eastern species, and our collection reflects a major westward extension of this species in the United States. It ranges from New- foundland to Ontario and south to Massa- chusetts (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 120), and is a hygrophilous species associ- ated with swamps in forested areas (Lin- droth 1961-69: 200). Tribe Bembidiini Bembidion coloradense Hayward. — Wilkin Co., light trap, D.G. Denning, VII. 11. 1937 (1). Itasca Co., Itasca Park, light trap, C.E. Mickel, VII.8.1939 (1). Polk Co., Crookston, unknown collector, VII. 28- 29.1959 (1). Bembidion coxendix Say. — Benton Co., O.W Oestlund (1). Ramsey Co., Gray Cloud Island, W.E. Hoffman, VII.12.1921 (1). Le Sueur Co., Ottawa, W.E. Hoffman, VII. 18. 1922 (2). Bembidion dor sale Say. — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (2). Bembidion fortestriatum (Motschul- sky). — Itasca Co., Little Winnibigoshish Lake, K. Cooper, VI. 10-1 1.1935 (1, NMNH). Wright Co., Buffalo, S.I. Parfin, VIII.3.1947 (1, NMNH). Roseau Co., blue- grass, A.G. Peterson, V.22.1968 (1). Bembidion inaequale Say. — St. Louis Co., Duluth, unknown collector (Chtth?) (1, NMNH). Hennepin Co., Minneapolis, at light, A.T. Hertig, VII. 13. 1922 (1). Red Lake Co., Plummer, from mud near river, off sand near river, D.G. Denning, V. 16. 1933, V23.1933 (2). Houston Co., Southeast tip of county, H.R. Dodge, V.24.1936 (1). Unknown Co. (probably Ramsey), Gray Cloud, C.E. Mickel, IV.2 1.1939 (1). Washington Co., Afton, En- tomology Class, V.3.1947 (1). Houston Co., Winnebago Creek Valley, 3-4 m NE Ei- tzen, A. Raske, V.30.1960 (1, NMNH). Clay Co., Buffalo River State Park, S.J. Vick, IX.15.1980 (1, UCB). Bembidion mutatum Gemminger & Har- old. — Clay Co., Clay County Trust Lands, hayed mesic prairie, P. Tinerella, A. Abbott, and G. Fauske, VI.24.1997, VII.9.1997, VII.28.1997, VIII.13.1997, IX.22.1997 (46, NDSRIC); unmanaged prairie, P. Tinerella, VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 925 and A. Abbott, VII.28.1997 (10, NDSRIC); and grazed mesic prairie, P. Tinerella, and A. Abbott, VII.9.1997 (1, NDSRIC). Cook Co., Superior National Forest, unbaited and baited pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°07'21"N 90°51'25"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed-salvage logged forest, VIII. 26-IX. 30. 2000 (1); 48°05'12"N 90°47'35"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed- prescribe-burned forest, VII.6-VIII.4.2001 (1); and 48°00'30"N 90°25'15"W, P. tre- muloideslB. papyrifera/conifer wind-dis- turbed-prescribe-burned forest, IX. 8- 29.2001 (1). We collected a total of three adults. Bembidion mutatum is transcontinental from Newfoundland to Alaska extending south in eastern North America to New York and south in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 146, Purrington et al. 2000: 202). This species is generally caught in open habitats with sparse vegetation (Lindroth 1961-69: 387). Bembidion pedicellatum LeConte. — Hennepin Co., O.W. Oestlund (1). Winona Co., Dresback, WS. Lund, VII. 12. 1920 (1). Bembidion postremum Say. — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1). Itasca Co., Itasca Park, light trap, C.E. Mickel, VII.8.1939 (1). Bembidion texanum Chaudoir. — Henne- pin Co., O.W. Oestlund (1). Ramsey Co., O.W. Oestlund (1). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ain- slie (10). Le Sueur Co., Fish Hatcheries, at light, WE. Hoffman, VII.23.1922 (1). Bembidion transversale Dejean. — Un- known Co., A. Bolter (3, INHSIC). St. Lou- is Co., Duluth, A. Bolter (1, INHSIC). Cook Co., Grand Portage, Susie Island, Lake Superior, unbaited fence trap, gravel beach of Lake Superior. C. Garry and D. Schwert, VII. 1.1 991 (10). Bembidion wingatei Bland. — Cook Co., Superior National Forest, baited and unbaited pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°02'42"N 90°21'58"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyrifera/co- nifer undisturbed forest. VII.7-VIII.3.2000 (1); 48°07'51"N 90°5r30"W, P. banksiana undisturbed forest, VIII.6-Vm.30.2001 (2); and 48°07'21"N 90°51'25"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed-salvage-logged forest, VI. 6- VI.2 1.2001 (1). We collected a total of four adults. Bembidion wingatei ranges from New- foundland and St. Pierre and Miquelon south to North Carolina, and west to Wy- oming (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 149). It also has been reported by Petrice et al. (2002: 9) in Aitkin and Cass counties of Minnesota. This species inhabits subterra- nean habitats beneath rocks in grasslands and deciduous litter in forest stands (Lin- droth 1961-69: 406). Paratachys scitidus (LeConte). — Ramsey Co., St. Paul, Battle Creek, WE. Hoffman, V.20.1922 (1); St. Paul, University Farm, at light, A. A. Granovsky, VI. 26. 1936 (1). LeSueur Co., Fish Hatcheries, W.E. Hoff- man, VII.20-30-1922 (1). Hennepin Co.. G. Kohls, V. 1.1937 (1). Tribe Psydrini Nomius pygmaeus (Dejean). — St. Louis Co., Duluth, O. Lugger (6). Unknown Co., O. Lugger (2). Unknown Co., unknown col- lector and A. Bolter (2. INHSIC). Kooch- iching Co., International Falls. J. P. Kelly, VII. 30. 1921 (3). Koochiching Co.. Little Fork, C.N. Cantwell. VII. 18. 1922 ( 1 ): Cook Co., Schroeder, unknown collector, VIII.20.I970 (2). Tribe Patrobini Patrobiis foveocollis (Eschschollz). — Koochiching Co.. T160N, R26W. S33, H.M. Kulman. VI.30-VII. 10. 1 97 1 (1). Cook Co., Superior National Forest, baited and unbaited pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°03'30"N 90°32'40"W. P. trcnmloidcsl B. papyrifera/conW'cr wind-disturbed for- est, VIIL3-IX.29.2()()() (1): 48"00'30"N 90°25'15"W. P. tremuloideslB. papyrijcral conifer wind-disiiirbed-prcscribc burn- ed forest. VI.25-VI1.9.2()()I (1): aiul 48°08'12"N 90°31'25"W. P. banksi- ana wind-disturbed-salvage-logged forest, 926 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VII. 12-25.2002 (1). We collected a total of three adults. Patrohus foveocolUs is a holarctic spe- cies, ranging in North America from Alaska and British Columbia southward in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, and from Newfoundland to Vermont in eastern North America (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 159). It is generally found under fallen dead leaves and shaded places (Lindroth 1961- 69: 186). Patrobus septentrionis Dejean. — Kooch- iching Co., T71B, R24W, SIO, H.M. Kul- man, V.25-VI.6.1971 (1). Cook Co., Supe- rior National Forest, unbaited pitfall trap, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°03'30"N 90°32'40"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyrifera/conifer wind-dis- turbed forest, VII.9-20.2001 (1). We col- lected a total of one adult. Patrobus septentrionis is also a holarctic species, ranging from Alaska and Washing- ton southward in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, and from Newfoundland to New Hampshire in eastern North America. It has also been reported by Petrice et al. (2002: 9) in Aitkin and Cass Counties of Minne- sota. This species is associated with vege- tation in riparian areas along lakes, ponds, and streams (Lindroth 1961-69: 184-185). Platypatrobus lacustris Darlington. — Cook Co., Grand Portage Reservation, un- known collector, VII.5.2000 (2, GPB). Tribe Pterostichini Cyclotrachelus sodalis colossus (Le- Conte). — Olmsted Co., six miles east Chat- field, J.R. Powers, V. 17. 1967 (1, UCB). Wabasha Co., Lake City, J.R. Powers, VI.4.1970 (1, UCB). Cyclotrachelus torvus torx'us LeConte. — Rock Co., Luverne, C.E. Mickel, VI.26.1925 (1). Gastrellarius honestus (Say). — Otter Tail Co., O. Lugger (1). Lophoglossus scrutator (LeConte). — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1). Poecilus corvus (LeConte). — Norman Co., A. A. Nichol, V.20.1923 (1). Unknown County, swept from sweet clover, B.A. Haws, VII.23.1956, VIII. 11.1956 (6). Polk Co., Crookston, A.E. Grable, VII. 17. 1960 (1). Clay Co., Buffalo River State Park, J. Allen, IX. 19. 1980 (1, UCB); Moorhead, J. Allen, IX.15.1980 (1, UCB). Wilkin Co., potato, R. Johnston, VII. 19.1982 (3). We also found three specimens of P. corvus in the NDSIRC from Clay and Norman Cos. (Bluestem and Agassiz Dunes State Natural Areas) that had been collected between VI.27 and IX.24.1996 (Tinerella and Rider 2001). Poecilus scitulus (LeConte). — Polk Co., Crookston, swept from sweet clover, un- known collector, VII.21.1952 (1). Pterostichus ebeninus (Dejean). — Un- known Co., unknown collector (1, NMNH). Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger). — Wright Co., Monticello. unknown collec- tor, VIII. 26. 1990 (1). Aitkin Co., 1.4 miles west of Willow River, D.E. Hansen, 46.334°N 03.096°W, IV.22.1994 (1). Clay Co., Trust Lands, hayed prairie, D. Rider and G. Fauske, VIII. 12. 1995 (1, NDSIRC); Bluestem Prairie, grazed prai- rie, wet prairie, reclaimed prairie, mesic prairie, P. Tinerella, C. Jordan and C. Da- vis, IX.4.1997, VIII.5.1999 (5, NDSIRC); and Blazingstar Prairie, C. Jordan and C. Davis, VIII.30.1999 (1, NDSIRC). Ram- sey Co.. St. Paul, pitfall trap, 70% etha- nol, wheat, E.E. Hladilek, VI. 29. 2000, VI. 30.2000 (5). Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, VII.6.2000, VII. 19.2000 (2, KJL). Cook Co., Superior National Forest, baited and unbaited pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°03'42"N 90°33'55"W, 48°02'42"N 90°21'58"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferal conifer undisturbed forests, VII. 6- VIII.27.2000, VIII.3-X.5.2000, VIII.21- X.5.2000 (20); 48°03'30"N 90°32'40"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferalconifer wind-disturbed forest, VIII. 3-IX.29. 2000 (3); 48°03'48"N 90°32'40"W, P. tremulo- ideslB. papyriferalconifer wind-dis- turbed-salvage-logged forest, VII. 6- IX. 30. 2000, VIII. 3-IX. 30. 2000 (86); 48°07'51"N 90°51'30"W, 48°07'31"N VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 927 Table 1. Habitat, locality, and seasonal data on Pterostichus melanariiis caught in baited and unbaited pitfall traps in Populus tremiiloides/Betiila papyrifera/conifer and Piniis banksiana sites in Cook Co., Minnesota during 2001-2003. Forest Cover-type Silvieuilurai Treatment Latitude/Lonj:itude Trapping Period Nunil^er of Adults P. tiein./B. pap./ Conifer Pinus banksiana Total Number of Adults Undisturbed Wind-disturbed 48°0r56"N 90°23'56"W 48°03'42"N 90°33'55"W 48°02'42"N 90°2r58"W 48°0r56"N 90°23'55"W 48°0r50"N 90°24'20"W 48°03'30"N 90°32'40"W 48°02'26"N 90°23'37"W 48°01'50"N 90°24'20"W Wind-disturbed- prescribe burned 48°07'27"N 90°51'00"W 48°05'00"N 90°48'12"W 48°05'12"N 90°47'35"W 48°07'51"N 90°5r30"W 48°07'31"N 90°50'30"W V.21-VI.23.2001 VI1.9-VII.7.2001 VIII.20-X. 13.2001 VI.1-IX.2 1.2002 V.29-IX. 14.2003 VI.7-VI.27.2001 VI.25-Vn.9.2001 VIII.20-IX.8.2001 V1.27-Vin.3.2002 V.30-VIII.5.2003 V.30-1X. 29.2001 V.28-IX. 2 1.2002 VI. 19-lX. 15.2003 V.29-IX.29.2001 V.28-IX. 2 1.2002 V.29-IX. 14.2003 VI.6-IX.22.2001 V.29-IX. 14.2002 VI.4-IX. 10.2003 VI.6-VII.5.2001 VII.13-VII.27.2002 VII. 28-VIII. 11.2003 VI.6-IX.22.2001 VI. 13-IX. 14.2002 VII.9-IX. 10.2003 V.31-IX.22.2001 V.29-IX. 14.2002 VI.4-IX. 11.2003 3 4 3 442* 2 17 32^- 659 2,622 10 794 5.561 10.362 * Includes number of adults from both 2002 and 2003. 90°5r50"W, p. banksiana undisturbed forests, VIII. 3-VIII. 27. 2000, VIII. 4- X. 5. 2000, VIII. 20-X. 1.2000 (13); 48°07'12"N 90°50'50"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed forest, VIII.28-X.5.2000 (1); and 48°07'21"N 90°5r25"W. 48°07'27"N 90°5rOO"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed salvage-logged forests, VIII. 3-IX. 30. 2000, VIII.4-IX.30.2000, VIII.20-IX.30.2000 (38). We also collect- ed 10,362 specimens of P. melanariiis in our northeastern Minnesota study site dur- ing the summers of 200 1-2003 in baiiccl and unbaited pitfall traps (Table 1 ). we collected a total of 10.523 adults. Anoka Co.. Carlos Avery Wildlife Managcnicni Area. Old Game Farm Road. A.K. Am- bourn. 45°19'N 93°()7'W. VI 1. 2 1.2002 ( 1 ). Crow Wing Co.. Barrov\s. sotiih of Brai- nerd. near Hwy. 371, unbaited pill'all trap. K.J.K. Gandhi. 46 24'N 94()8'W. P. banksiana forest. Vli.25-V111.8.2()()2 (I). Pterostichus nwlanariiis is an introdticcd species from western Europe, and has 928 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON achieved a transcontinental distribution in North America (Lindroth 1961-69: 491, BoLisquet and Larochelle 1993: 174, Will et al. 1995: 66, Purrington et al. 2000: 201). This beetle is associated with disturbed and open habitats such as cultivated agricultural lands and managed forest landscapes (Lind- roth 1961-69: 492). It is a generalist pred- ator of economically important pests (Lee 1998), but it also known to feed on conifer seeds (Lindroth 1961-69: 1116). In Min- nesota, this species has been reported from Aitkin and Cass Counties (Petrice et al. 2002). Three records in the UMIC (Wright, Aitkin and Ramsey Counties), three records from the NDSIRC (Clay County), one re- cord from KJL (Anoka County), and our collections from Cook County pre-date the report by Petrice et al. (2002). Pterostichus melanahus is known to aggressively colo- nize new habitats. In Minnesota, it has rap- idly established populations even in the re- mote areas of the Superior National Forest, although it was absent in similar forest- types in Ontario (Pearce et al. 2003). We collected 10,523 adults in 2000-2003 in- dicating the abundance of this species in northeastern Minnesota. It was the most abundant carabid in our survey there. We trapped only one specimen of P. melanarius in our survey in central Minnesota. Pterostichus permundus (Say). — Wa- basha Co., Lake City, J.R. Powers, IX.3.1961, VIII.20.1962 (3, UCB); Dum- fries, J.R. Powers, VI.23.1991 (2, UCB). Clay Co., Moorhead, R.A. Woehl, IX. 11.1972 (1, UCB). Redwood Co., Red- wood Falls, A.C. Rustand, IX.18.1993 (1, UCB). Tribe Zabrini Amara basillaris (Say). — Unknown County, O. Lugger (1). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1). Amara chalcea Dejean. — Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, VII.6.2000, VII. 19.2000, (2, KJL). Amara coelebs Hayward. — Big Stone Co., O. Lugger, VII. 19. 19 10 (1). Unknown Co., unknown collector (1, INHSIC), (7, NMNH). Hennepin Co., O.W Oestlund (2). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie, May (3); C.N. Ainslie (9). Unknown Co., A. Fenyes (2, CAS). Ramsey Co., W.E. Hoffman, III.21.1922 (1); St. Anthony Park, O. Lug- ger, H.H. Knight, D. Murray, WD. Buch- anan, and W.E. Hoffman, III.4.1922, III. 26. 1922, III. 28. 1920, III. 29. 1920, V.5.1920, III.23.1937 (18); St. Paul Univer- sity Farm, W.E. Hoffman and C.E. Mickel, III.27.1922, V.19.1922 (3). Clearwater Co., Lake Itasca, S.A. Graham, VI.7.1923 (1). Lake Co., Two Harbors, M.H. Hatch, VI.29.1927 (1). Hennepin Co., Entomology Class, IV30.1938 (1). Pope Co., one mile south Sedan, J. Hafsted, IV.29.1961 (1, UCB). Clay Co., Moorhead, B. Wermager, V.3.1961 (2, UCB). Lyon Co., J.T. Bush, IV- 13- 1963, female specimen, unable to verify species status completely (1, ISU). Traverse Co., two miles north Browns Val- ley, Lake Traverse, B. Tollefson, VI.20.1974 (1, UCB). Cook Co., Superior National Forest, baited and unbaited pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°03'30"N 90°32'40"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferal conifer wind-disturbed forest, VI. 25- VII.9.2001 (1); 48°03'48"N 90°32'40"W, 48°01'46"N 90°23'53"W, 48°01'45"N 90°24'18"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferal conifer wind-disturbed-salvage-logged for- ests, VI.7-25.2001, V.28-VII. 12.2002 (5); 48°00'30"N 90°25'15"W, 48°05'01"N 90°46'52"W, 48°05'05"N 90°49'17"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyriferal conifer wind-dis- turbed-prescribe-burned forests, VI. 7- VII. 9. 2001, V.28-VI. 17.2002, V.29- VI. 18.2003, VIL14-VIIL18.2003 (10); 48°07'21"N 90°51'25"W, 48°07'27"N 90°51'00"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed- salvage-logged forests, VII.5-VIII. 16.2001, VI.27-VII. 13.2002, VL23-VII.9.2003 (5); and 48°05'00"N 90°48'12"W, 48°07'31"N 90°50'30"W, 48°05'12"N 90°47'35"W, 48°04'59"N 90°47'35"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed-prescribe-burned forests, V.31-VI.6.2001, V.29-VIII. 12.2002, VI.4- VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 VIII.27.2003 (23). We collected a total of 44 adults. Amara coelebs ranges from Wisconsin to British Columbia, and south to Colorado (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 195). It is a prairie species occurring on dry, grassy and sandy areas (Lindroth 1961-69: 725). In our study, it was caught only in the dis- turbed forest stands. Amara crassispina LeConte. — Hubbard Co., unknown collector, IX. 10. 1980 (1, KWW). Amara ellipsis (Casey). — Clay Co., Moorhead, J. Allen, IX. 15. 1980 (1, UCB). Amara pallipes Kirby. — Kanabec Co., Mora, C.R. Yeager, VI.24-30.1934 (1). Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, burned, K.J. Larsen, M. Davis, VII.27.2000 (1, KJL). Amara pennsylvanica Hayward. — Ram- sey Co., St. Paul, University Farm lights, S. Kepperley, VII.23.1924 (I). Rock Co., Lu- verne, C.E. Mickel, IX. 13-14. 1935 (2). Houston Co., unknown collector, V.23- 24.1936 (1). Amara torrida (Panzer). — Otter Tail Co., O. Lugger (3). Martin Co., S.S. Easter, VIII. 13. 1926 (1). Pope Co., Sedan, D.G. Denning, VII. 19. 1929 (1). Polk Co., Crookston, light trap, D.G. Denning, VII. 19. 1935 (1). Ramsey Co., St. Paul, Uni- versity Golf Course, light trap, A. A. Gra- novsky, VII.20.1936 (1). Roseau Co., Win- naska, on Timothy grass, unknown collec- tor, VIII. 13. 1982 (5). Pseudamara arenaria (LeConte). — Koochiching Co., emergence trap, L.C. Thompson, VI.14.1972 (1). Cook Co., Su- perior National Forest, unbailed pitfall trap, K.J.K. Gandhi, 4803'48"N 90°32'40"W P. tremuloideslB. papy rife ra/conifer wind-dis- turbed-salvage-logged forest, V.29- VI. 18.2003 (1). We collected a total of one adult. Pseudamara arenaria is primarily a northeastern species ranging from New Brunswick to Ontario in the north and West Virginia to Illinois in the south (Bousquet and Larochelle 1992:190). It is reported to 929 be an open-habitat, riparian, and cavernic- olous species (Lindroth 1961-69:650). Tribe Pangaeini Panagaeus fasciatus Say. — Hennepin Co., O. Lugger (1). Ramsey Co., St. An- thony Park. O. Lugger (3). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (2). Clay Co., Bicentennial Prairie, burned dry prairie, P. Tinerella and C. Davis. VII.27.2000 (1, NDSIRC). Tribe Chlaeniini Chlaeniiis erythropiis Germar. — Un- known County. O. Lugger ( 1 ). Olmsted Co.. C.N. Ainslie (4). Ramsey Co.. A.T Herty. IX.2.1921 (2). Anoka Co.. K.S. Liu. V8.1937 (1). Houston Co., H.E. Milliron, RM. Schroeder, H.S. Telford. D.G. Den- ning, C.E. Mickel, M.T. Jen, C. Kohls. E. Thomas, M. Gotschall, H.C. Ma, I. Tarshis. and R.H. Daggy, V. 13. 1937. V.21.1937. V.22-23.1937, V.24.1937, V.26.1937, V.20.1938 (18). Goodhue Co., unknown collector, V.21.1937 (1). Wabasha Co., H.E. Gustafson, V.21.1937 (1). Chlaenius prasinus Dejean. — Unknown Co., Cliff, (Lake Co., Cliff Lake?) WE. Hoffman, V.30.1922 (2). Chlaenius purpuricollis pur/niricollis Randall. — Red Lake Co.. Plummer. off sand near river, D.G. Denning, V.23.1933 (1). We also found 113 specimens of C. purpuricollis in the NDSIRC from Clay and Polk Cos. (Bluestem, Blazingstar. and Ag- assiz Dunes State Natural Areas. Clay County Trust Lands, and Bicentennial Prai- rie) that had been collected between VII.27.1995 and IX. 17. 1 999 (Tinerella and Rider 2001). Chlaenius pusillus Say. — Olmsted Co.. C.N. Ainslie (2). Tribe Licinini Badistcr ocularis Casey. — Traverse Co.. O.W. Oestlund (1). Ramsey Co., St. Paul. Minnesota Fanii, A. A. Granovsky, V.29.1936 (I). Dicaelus furvus cdrindius Dejean. — Ramsey Co.. Si. Antlion\ I'ark, O. Lugger 930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (4). Olmsted Co., May, June, C.N. Ainslie (3). Fillmore Co., G. Kohls, IV.24.1927 (1). Goodhue Co., Frontenac, W.C. Stehr, V.29.1930 (1). Fillmore Co., Preston, S.I. Parfin, V.8.1948 (1, NMNH). Tribe Harpalini Acupalpus partiarius (Say). — Lake Co., Two Harbors, beach, M.H. Hatch, VI. 28. 1927 (1). Houston Co., R.H. Daggy, V.22.1937 (1). Mille Lacs Co., C.E. Mickel, and H.E. Milliron, VI.2.1937, V. 10.1970 (2). Crow Wing Co., C.E. Mickel, V.14.1938 (1). Anisodactylus agricola (Say). — Wabasha Co., seven miles southwest Wabasha, J.R. Powers, V.6.1972 (1, UCB). Anisodactylus carbonarius (Say). — Ram- sey Co., St. Anthony Park, O. Lugger (1). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (2). Anisodactylus melanopus (Haldeman). — Wabasha Co., Lake City, WO. Powers, V.25.I967 (1, UCB). Bradycellus atrimedeus (Say). — Lac Qui Parle Co., Lac Qui Parle Park, E.U. Bals- baugh, Jr., IV. 16. 1967 (2, SDSU). Bradycellus badipennis (Haldeman). — Koochiching Co., T160, NR26, WS33, pit- fall trap, H.M. Kulman, IX.25-X.13.1971 (1). Bradycellus insulsus (Casey). — Polk Co., Crookston, Red Lake River, at light and malaise trap, unknown collector, VIII. 20— 21.1959, IX.27.1973 (2). Bradycellus neglectus (LeConte). — Kitt- son Co., Hallock, N.P. Nichelson, VII. 15. 1941 (1). Polk Co., Crookston, B.A. Haws, VII.20.1956 (1). Roseau Co., Roo- sevelt, A.G. Peterson, V. 15. 1969 (1). Bradycellus semipubescens Lindroth. — Washington Co., H.E. Milliron, V.7.1938 (1). Crow Wing Co., Mille Lacs, C.E. Mickel, V.8.1940 (1). Koochiching Co., T70N, R24W, S14, H.M. Kulman, VIII. 1 1- 22.1971 (1). Cook Co., Superior National Forest, baited pitfall trap, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°07'21"N 90°5r25"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed-salvage-logged forest. VI. 5-23. 2003 (1). We collected a total of one adult. Bradycellus semipubescens ranges from Newfoundland to Alberta and southward to New York and Michigan (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993:226). The ecology of this species was previously unknown (Lindroth 1961-69:899), but in recent years it is re- ported to be an inhabitant of marsh and boggy areas (Liebherr and Song 2002:134). In our study sites, it was caught in a sea- sonally flooded, wind-disturbed-salvage- logged conifer forest. Dicheirotrichus cognatus (Gyllenhal). — Ramsey Co., St. Paul, University Farm, C.T. Schmidt, VIII.27.1926 (1). Lake Co., roots of grass, M.H. Hatch, VI.23.1927 (1). Polk Co., Crookston, light trap, D.G. Den- ning, IX.23.1936 (1). Itasca Co., Grand Rapids, North Central Experimental Re- search Station, malaise trap, unknown col- lector, V.8.1973 (1). Cook Co., malaise trap, ES. Hovland, IX.28.1973 (1). Clay Co., Moorhead, TL. Wanless, VI. 1.1 997 (1, UCB). Discoderus parallelus (Haldeman). — Jackson Co., Wm. S. Marshall, June 1896 (2, UWM). Crow Wing Co., Garrison, D.G. Denning, VI. 8. 1935 (16); Garrison, on beach, B. Armstrong, VI.8.1935 (1); C.E. Mickel, VI.3.1938 (2). Rock Co., Luverne, A.E. Pritchard, IX. 13-14. 1935 (1). Mille Lacs Co., C.E. Mickel, VI.2.1937 (1); Mille Lacs Lake, R.H. Daggy, VI.2.1935 (3); Mille Lacs, unknown collector, VI.2.1935 (1). Traverse Co., Lake Traverse, six miles NE Browns Valley, B. Tollefson, VI. 10. 1974 (1, UCB). Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, VII.28.2000, VIII.29.2000 (2, KJL). Harpalus desertus LeConte. — Traverse Co., Lake Traverse, two miles north of Browns Valley, J.R. Powers, VI. 10. 1974 (1, UCB). Harpalus ellipsis LeConte. — Itasca Co., T57, R24, S26, D.E. Rau, VI. 1-30. 1973 (1). Carlton Co., Cloquet Forestry Center, 5 km west of Cloquet, 46°42'25"N, VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 931 92°3r35"W, UMN Silviculture Class, VI.01.01 (1). Harpalus erythropus Dejean. — Hennepin Co., O.W. Oestlund (2). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (3). Unknown Co., unknown collec- tor (1, NMNH). Washington Co., Marine, St. Croix River, unknown collector, V. 14. 1922 (1). Carver Co., W.E. Hoffman, VII. 16. 1922 (3). Ramsey Co., St. Paul, at light, S. Kepperley, VII. 11.1925 (2); St. Paul, University Farm, C.T. Schmidt, VIII. 16. 1926 (1). Goodhue Co., Frontenac, W.C. Stehr, V.29.1930 (1). Anoka Co., Ce- dar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Lar- sen, VIII. 1.2000, VIII.29.2000 (2, KJL). Harpalus paratus Casey. — Big Stone Co., O. Lugger, VII.20.1910 (1). Hennepin Co., O.W. Oestlund (1). Washington Co., Marine, St. Croix River, unknown collector, V. 14. 1922 (2). Ramsey Co., St. Paul, at light, S. Kepperley, VII. 11.1925 (1). Hen- nepin Co., Fort Snelling, Flood Plain For- est, C.T. Schmidt, V. 10. 1928 (1); Goodhue Co., C.T. Schmidt, V.29.1930 (1). Harpalus ventralis LeConte. — Crow Wing Co., Barrows, south of Brainerd, near Hwy. 371, unbaited pitfall trap, K.J.K. Gan- dhi, 46°24'N 94°08'W, P. banksiana natu- rally burned forest, VII.9-18.2002 (1). Harpalus ventralis ranges from North Dakota to Utah and New Mexico (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 234). It is generally associated with prairie habitats on sandy soils (Lindroth 1961-69: 781-782). Selenophorus ellipticus Dejean. — Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, VI.20.2000 (1, KJL). Selenophorus hylacis (Say). — Ramsey Co., St. Paul, A.A. Granovsky, VI.25.1934 (1). Stenolophus infuscatus (Dejean). — Olm- sted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1). Stenolophus rotundicoUis (Haldeman). — Ramsey Co.. Ammunition plant, old field, pitfall trap, M.E. Epstein. VII. 29- VIII.5.1980 (1). Tribe Platynini Agonum aeruginosuni Dejean. — Un- known Co., O. Lugger (2). Ramsey Co.. Golf Ponds. W.E. Hoffman. VII.28.1921 (1). Houston Co.. unknown collector, V22.1937 (I). Agonum ajfine Kirby. — Unknown Co., A. Bolter (2, INHSIC). Ramsey Co., O.W. Oestlund (1); St. Anthony Park, at light. W.E. Hoffman. VI.25.1921 (1); St. Paul. In- dian Mounds Park. W.E. Hoffman, V.7.1922 (1); University Farm lights, W.E. Hoffman, VI. 10. 1922 (1); St. Paul, Univer- sity Farm lights, W.E. Hoffman, VI. 12- 13.1922 (1). Hennepin Co., Oak Grove, A.A. Nichol, V. 13. 1922 (1). Fairbault Co.. A. Hertig, W.E. Hoffman, VI. 19-20. 1922 (2). Nicollet Co., St. Peter, H.H. Holland, VIII.6.1922 (1). Polk Co., Crookston. light trap, D.G. Denning, VI.23.1931 (1). Itasca Co., Itasca Park, at light, C.E. Mickel, VII.4.1939 (1). Cook Co., Superior Nation- al Forest, unbaited pitfall trap, K.J.K. Gan- dhi, 48°08'15"N 90°51'36"W. P. banksiana wind-disturbed-salvage logged forest. VII.6-VIII.3.2000 (1). We collected a total of one adult. Agonum affine ranges throughout North America (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 255). It is a hygrophilous species, associ- ated with vegetation at the margins of standing water (Lindroth 1961-69: 605). Agonum moerens Dejean. — Ramsey Co., St. Paul, University Farm lights, W.E. Hoff- man, V.25.1922 (1). Agonum nigriceps LeConte. — Lake Co., Two Harbors. M.H. Hatch. V30.1927 (1). Agonum nutans (Say). — Ramsey Co., St. Paul, University Golf Course, A.A. Gra- novsky, VI.26.1936 (1). We also found 31 specimens of A. nutans in the NDSIRC from Clay Co. (Bluestem State Naliiial Area) that had been collected between VI.3.1996 and IX.4.1997 (Tinerella and Rider 2001). Agonum trigeminum Lindroth. — Chisago Co., Center Cit\. H.M. Kulman. VII. 2 1.1972 (1). Chisago Co.. Wyoming City. H.M. Kulman. VIII. 5. 1972 ( 1 ). Koochiching Co.. H.M. Kulman. T69N R25W SI7. VIII. 10.1972. IX. 12. 1972 ( 15); T70N R25W SI 4. Vlll.10.1972 (3); T70N 932 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON R25W S32, VIII. 10. 1972 (1); T70N R25W S33, VIII. 10. 1972 (I); T70N R24W S14, VI.20-VII.1.1971, VII.14.1972, VII.28.1972 (4); T70N R24W S14, VII.14.1972, VII.28.1972 (16); T69N R25W S17, VII. 14. 1972 (2); T70N R25W S32, VII.14.1972 (3); T70N R25W S33, VII.14.1972 (I); T70N R24W S14, VI. 30. 1972 (21); T70N R25W S33, VI. 30. 1972 (6); T69N R25W S17, VI.30.1972 (4); and T69N R23W S26, VI.30.1972 (6). Cook Co., Superior Nation- al Forest, baited and unbailed pitfall traps, K.J.K. Gandhi, 48°01'45"N 90°24'18"W, P. tremuloideslB. papyrif era/ conifer wind-dis- turbed-salvage-logged forest, VI. 7- VII. 26. 2001, VIII. 19-IX. 15. 2003 (6); 48°06'29"N 90°50'I2"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed forest, X. 5.2000 (1); and 48°07'21"N 90°5r25"W, 48°08'12"N 90°50'25"W, 48°07'21"N 90°51'25"W, P. banksiana wind-disturbed-salvage-logged forests, V.25-VI.6.2001, VII.5-VIII.2.2001, VII.25-VIII. 12.2002, VIII. 27-IX. 14.2002, VIII.27-IX. 10.2003 (5). We collected a total of twelve adults. Agonum trigeminwn is an eastern species that ranges from New Brunswick and North Carolina west to Michigan and Wisconsin (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 258). In Minnesota, this species has also been re- ported in Aitkin and Cass counties (Petrice et al. 2002: 9), and Cook county (MacLean 2002). Agonum trigeminum is generally as- sociated with vegetation growing at the margins of bodies of water (Lindroth 1961- 69: 601). Platynus cincticollis (Say). — Wabasha Co., Lake City, J.R. Powers, VI.4.1970 (1, UCB). Tribe Ctenodactylini Leptotrachelus dorsalis (Fabricius). — Houston Co., C.E. Mickel, V.20.1938 (2). Tribe Cyclosomini Tetragonoderus fasciatus (Haldeman). — Unknown Co., O. Lugger (20). Unknown Co., unknown collector (2, SDSU). Kandi- yohi Co., O.W. Oesdund (1). Olmstead Co., C.N. Ainslie (4). Ramsey Co., University Farm, St. Paul, at light, A. A. Granovsky, VI.26.1936 (1) and H. Knutsen, IX.2.1937 (2). Goodhue Co., C.E. Mickel, V.27.I939 (1). Tribe Lebiini Apenes lucidulus (Dejean). — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (1). Apristus subsulcatus (Dejean).— -Jackson Co., Wm. S. Marshall (I, UWM). Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie (2). Itasca Co., Itasca Park, DeSoto Lake, C.E. Mickel, VI.2.1937 (1). Mille Lacs Co., C.E. Mickel, VI.2.1937 (2). Axinopalpus biplagiatus (Dejean). — Washington Co., Newport, Bailey's Nurs- ery, under apple bark, R.H. Daggy, II.2.I935 (1). Ramsey Co., St. Paul, Uni- versity Golf Course, light trap, A.A. Gra- novsky, VII.20.1936 (I). Mille Lacs Co., Mille Lacs Lake, R.H. Daggy, VI.2.1937 (1). Calleida purpurea (Say). — Ramsey Co., St. Anthony Park, O. Lugger (2). Unknown County, O. Lugger (1). Traverse Co., O.W. Oestlund (1). Unknown Co., Stromberg (1, INHSIC). We also found 33 specimens of C. purpurea in the NDSIRC from Clay Co. (Clay Co. Trust Lands and Bicentenial Prai- rie) that had been collected between VIII. 15. 1996 and VII.30.1999 (Tinerella 2000). Cymindis interior Lindroth. — Anoka Co., Cedar Creek Natural History Area, K.J. Larsen, VIII. 1.2000, VIII. 16.2000 (2, KJL). Cymindis planipennis LeConte. — St. Louis Co., Duluth, unknown collector (I, INHSIC). Hennepin Co., O.W. Oestlund (I). Traverse Co., O.W. Oestlund (1). Polk Co., D.G. Denning, VII.6.1936 (1). Anoka Co., C.E. Mickel, V.6.1939 (I). Cymindis platicollis (Say). — Olmsted Co., C.N. Ainslie, V.30.1905 (2). Nicollet Co., St. Peter, H.H. Holland, VIII.26.1922 (1). We also found two specimens of C. pla- ticollis in the NDSIRC from Norman Co. (Agassiz Dunes State Natural Area) col- VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 933 lected on X. 13. 1997 (Tinerella and Rider 2001). Tribe Galeritini Galerita bicolor (Drury).— Goodhue Co., Cannon Falls, on sawdust, W.C. Stehr, IX.28.1929 (1). Houston Co., A.G. Peter- son, T. Knigin, I. Tarshis, E. Ivy, O. Elster, C. Reif, RM. Schroeder, H.E. Milliron, R.H. Daggy, and C.E. Mickel, R. Cottrell, V.22.1936, V.23.1936, V.22.1937, V.20.1938, V.25-26.1940, V.26.1940 (24). Wabasha Co., H.E. Gustafson, V.21.1937 (1). Winona Co., I. Tarshis, V.25.1940 (1). Discussion We present new state records for 100 ca- rabid species from Minnesota collected by us or revealed in our survey of 12 institu- tional or personal collections (Table 2). We found no new state records and in some cases no specimens from Minnesota at the CDFA, MPM, UCD, and UW. The species that are new state records represent 20 tribes and 43 genera, are reported to inhabit sub-boreal to prairie landscapes (Lindroth 1961-69), and reflect the diversity of land- scapes and habitats present within Minne- sota (Tester 1995). In our field survey we collected 14 species that have never been reported before from Minnesota in the peer- reviewed literature. Nine of these species had been collected earlier and deposited in museum collections by other workers; four of those nine had also been recently re- ported in non-peer-reviewed literature (MacLean 2002, Petrice et al. 2002). Thir- teen of twenty new records reported by Ti- nerella (2000), Tinerella and Rider (2001), MacLean (2002), and Petrice et al. (2002) were present in the museum collections sur- veyed by us or were already reported in the literature. When our results ( 1 00 species) are combined with those in monographic works by Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and Downie and Arnett (1996) (326 spe- cies), and with the unique collection data from the recent reports noted above (7 spe- cies), there are now 76 genera and 433 ca- rabid species recorded from Minnesota. About half (45%) of the new state re- cords from the museum survey represent specimens that have not been collected again since 1950 (Table 2). This may reflect historical differences in collecting intensity in Minnesota vs. other states and provinces. For example, in a recent large-scale study in Iowa, Larsen et al. (2003) reported the collection of small numbers of four species {Clivinia impressefrons, Bembidion postre- mum, Chlaenius pusillus, and Apenes luci- dulus), which since 1950 have not been col- lected in Minnesota and deposited in col- lections. Chlaenius pusillus was also re- cently collected in Wisconsin (Purrington et al. 2000). Alternatively, the long duration since the last collection of certain species may be a consequence of local extinctions resulting from habitat alteration by humans. For example, the large distinctive ground beetle, Calosoma scrutator, has not been added to museum collections since 1937, 1939, and 1956, in Minnesota, Wisconsin and South Dakota, respectively, and a live specimen has not been seen in recent years in these areas (G. Noonan, MPM, personal communication). Calosoma scrutator is known to be associated with open hard- wood forests (Lindroth 1961-69: 46). which have become scarce within the his- toric range of this beetle in southern Min- nesota (Fillmore, Hennepin. Houston, and Ramsey Counties). Local extinctions may have especially occurred for other ground beetle species associated with undisturbed, native habitats such as late-successional forests with large eastern white pines. Pinus strobus, or various wetland habitats that are threatened throughout Minnesota (Minne- sota Department of Natural Resources 2005). A number of our newly reported carahid species such as Carabus sylvosus, Elaphrus lecontei, Benibiclion dorsale, B. niutaiiini. B. postremuni. B. winj^ntei. Foci litis mI lu- lus, Amara torrida, Bradycellus seniipubes- ccns, Harpcdus vciitndis. Sfcnolophus ro- 934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON o c ■O TD X) TD TD (U .r- c3c3c3c3c3cd'Ocdc3c3a3c3^4-HC3i:^ c3a3c^cd-^c^rtcd njrtc^rtcdcdcdc^ <^ S ;:n 2 - s ^ § i > > > ^ 00 S f:j 5 ^ x; 2 CTN ON - . o 2- ^2o2^2- IT) > > > = .ri ^ ^ r-; ^j' OS •^ o) HH r<-) r^l 1^- H- j_ D > > > > ^ > D c S =^ ^ _ ., ^ 2:; S^ ON o - o — ^ • '^ "-^ I— ; ■^ K -^ c "^ (N ^ u J ^! d > O > X > a\ ^o G r~, -^ ^^ ■^(Nro^^l^-v^— '(N-^cNt^ro ■^tNr'iONiriio-^cN^cnmcs ^ m ^ 00 -^ ■-^ ^ ^ (N — S S c ^ a S > > D -^ -- -^ --H m ro > > > rOVC(N(Nr)Tl-(N — ^^^«CNIrn^(^t^T^(N)(Njrr5r<-)_ ^_Cv)^(N)-^c<^^(Nr<-iONO(NCNrO'*-^ 3 =y c3 ra 03 00 CO [i. = o 2 ci ■^6 S "^ i: "s 3 ^ ^- -Si Q, o o o .=^ "5 o u ^ =o 2 2 C !~ ^ -C ^ CO O S .& o "Q to <3 -a -5 .3 -2 -2 -S -2 -S a i c S S •■=!-. !^ •^ ^ _o ^ ^ 5 "a "2 "a "a :^ u u u u s: c -5; -s: -s: o o o o tj ^ .li U U bj U U U Q' Q' Q' Q' Q' Q' Q' Q c)^ h. 12 .'^ ."^ .NJ z u H oa VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 935 Q 3; 7 -J c = iS(33c3(3UJ^cdcSMcaca'-*-c3X;n^rJ_^r3Sac3c3:dc3c3 O On <^ ^' d ri ON !- ON -: > vd o >^2: t- ;q 1- O — — O ON ON __ — ^ \D ON (N — rj >>>>>>>DD>>D>^D>>^^>>>> ■^ --5^ -C ^ ^ romi to -c '^ S -i -~: ^ 5 C lO ?» ~. S! -S =? O G t:: tn -o o a Q 5 l* c3 a rt •-- ■^ > S ^ ~ !3 =: U t:) :^ _^ _w _^ ^ ~ '^ c :5" "t: C/2 I 3 v! <3 C 13 a:;2:Q,Q:!ci,(o''o'0-^Q,Q,a,a.Q,^-5-5;- 0^ 00 — vO ^ On ^ t^ i!: °!:i2^ (N -T O o o - "N ;r "^. ~ ^ <7 -: o I !t 'T Hh CN > >■ > 9 '^ 5 • (N (N ^ 2^0Nf;^f;;'ON2t^??av ^^^^OnOn__.osOn_ > I ON 00 n (N in o X. ON O -J Ov O in -^ O ^ Ti 9. ^i ^■. ^ 9. >>>>>>>o>>>>>>>>>> "^ - "^ f-i S 5 s > > D > > > ^ ^, to h 'aj S S a > !^ 5^ o. ,, o o ? P So s s 2 s C Q ~ ^ -2 2 C C Q, C" >2 .S kS 5 a; a: a: a: s e 5u >^ 3 c^ 5 K s: S S S S 2 Q ^ sa S s: O o o ^ 1) c: ■►; 5 t Oo O) ■-J ^^ ^ U U J c 'a? S Q £ '^^ -^ 9 to .2 ^ -S -S 2 S c =^1 =^': S =x ts S ■P ~ ~ 'I ^ '^ ^ r^' rc rt; U U o U -: "^ (Z) C to w 3 F^ & § c 2 o a a to to DUO O j2 ^ == ^ 6- tJ 3 Cl, e^ T3 Ti t4-< ■" o p3 2 U d td ^ '^ -a 2 c 1) ^ - o O c Si o .< o ^ .. o u XI C ^u ^ 3 5! o le " o VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 937 tundicollis, Agonwn trigeminum, and Cy- mindis planipennis have been documented in the literature from states and provinces adjacent to Minnesota such as Iowa, North Dakota, Ontario, South Dakota, and Wis- consin (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993, Pur- rington and Larsen 1997, Purrington and Maxwell 1998, Purrington et al. 2000, Wer- ner and Raff a 2000, Larsen et al. 2003). A number of other newly reported species for Minnesota such as Notiophilus aquaticus, Bembidion inaequale, B. mutatum, Patro- bus foveocollis, P. septentrionis, Dicheiro- trichus cognatus, and Agonwn qffine have transcontinental distributions. Hence, it is not surprising that species such as these were eventually found in Minnesota. This likely also reflects an historically uneven effort in the collection of ground beetles among states. Our collecting in the sub-boreal forests of northern Minnesota has extended consid- erably the ranges of Sphaeroderus nitidi- collis brevoorti and Trechus crassiscapus within the United States, and also has ex- tended the ranges of Bembidion wingatei, Patrobus septentrionis, Pterostichus melan- arius, and Agonuni trigeminum within the state. Previously, these latter four species were collected by others from southern and central Minnesota (records in UMIC, Petri- ce et al. 2002). Hence, it appears that these species are associated with both the central deciduous and northern coniferous/decidu- ous forest biomes. From our museum survey, Pterostichus melanarius has been present in Minnesota at least since 1990. It was recorded in 1993 in Iowa (Winneshiek Co.) (Purrington and Larsen, 1997), in 1990 in southern Minne- sota (Wright Co., UMIC), and in 1995 in western Minnesota (Clay Co., NDSIRC). We suspect that it appeared in Minnesota even earlier because it had been document- ed in adjacent states in the upper Midwest and in Ontario and Manitoba (Lindroth 1961-69, Bousquet and Larochelle 1993, Will et al. 1995). For example, P. melan- arius was collected as early as 1948 in Fort William in western Ontario (Lindroth 1961-69), 1956 in Winnipeg in Manitoba (Lindroth 1961-69), and 1980 in Milwau- kee, Washington, and Waushara Counties in Wisconsin (records from MPM). In Michi- gan, the species had become evident in ur- ban and agricultural habitats to the extent that it was noted in the extension literature as a generalist predator of economically im- portant pests (Lee 1998). In a 1996-1997 study on the Michigan-Wisconsin border, P. melanarius was the fourth most abundant of the 59 species of Carabidae collected in mixed northern hardwood forest sites (Wer- ner and Raffa 2000). Hladilek (2003) re- ported that in 2000 it occurred at approx. 5% of all ground beetles trapped in pitfall traps placed in a wheat field in east-central Minnesota. Furthermore, we have trapped P. melanarius in extremely high numbers in the Superior National Forest, suggesting that a long enough time interval had tran- spired to allow it to colonize a relatively remote and northern portion of Minnesota. In 2001—2003, Pterostichus melanarius was most active in northern Minnesota be- tween mid-July and mid-August (Table 1 and Gandhi et al. unpublished data). This seasonal activity pattern is similar to that reported for populations of P. melanarius in a wheat field in east-central Minnesota (peaked in late June) (Hladilek 2003). the boreal-prairie transition forests in Canada (Carcamo et al. 1995, Niemelii et al. 1997). and hemlock-northern hardwood forests in Michigan and Wisconsin (peaked in late July to mid- August) (Werner and Raffa 2003). In northern Minnesota. P. nichuuir- ius was most prevalent in prescribed-burned forest sites that had experienced pre\ ious wind disturbance and salvage logging (Ta- ble 1). This suggests that recently disturbed areas in the sub-boreal forests may be col- onized aggressively by exotic species. We do not know if the response of P. nwlan- arius was dictated simply by the burning that occuired al these sites or h\ tiic ci.im- bination of the three disturbances (wind, salvage logging, burning). We also do not 938 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON know whether P. melanarius will displace other native species, e.g., the congener P. coracinus Newman, within this sub-boreal forest habitat (Werner and Raffa 2003). Our trapping and museum survey have increased the generic and species records of carabids in Minnesota by 21% and 31%, respectively. This underscores how little known the local historical and current dis- tributions of Carabidae are in some areas of North America. Purrington et al. (2000) summarized increases in known state cara- bid fauna of 4% (Illinois), 4% (Wisconsin), and 7% (Iowa). Furthermore, Werner and Raffa (2000) reported only one new state record for both Michigan and Wisconsin in a collection of 47,590 adult carabid beetles. In Minnesota, we have documented an in- crease in the species list that is almost an order of magnitude greater than that of Pur- rington et al. (2000) and Werner and Raffa (2000), and this emphasizes the need for both further field collections and careful ex- amination of museum collections on a re- gional basis. We find it significant that a number of these genera and species, although collect- ed, identified, and deposited in museums in the earlier part of the last century, remained undocumented in literature. Patrobus sep- tentrionis, Poecilus corvus, Amara crassis- pina, Chlaenius purpuricollis purpuric ollis, Harpalus paratus, Agonum nutans, Platyn- us cincticollis, Calleida purpurea, and Cy- mindis platicollis (all collected between 1905 and 1980 and present in our museum survey) were recently reported to be new state records by Tinerella (2000: 193), Ti- nerella and Rider (2001: 319), MacLean (2002: 6), and Petrice et al. (2002: 9). Pter- ostichus tenuis (Casey), another new record reported by Petrice et al. (2002: 9), actually had been previously documented in Min- nesota by Downie and Arnett (1996: 149), and was also collected in our field study in northeastern Minnesota. Since these muse- um specimens were collected and deposited much earlier than when these studies were conducted, we stress the importance of ac- cessing the identified and unidentified ma- terial at local and regional museums prior to reporting new state species records. This approach will ensure an enhanced and more accurate understanding of species distribu- tions for future workers. In addition, the time and effort expended in collection and curation by previous workers will be rec- ognized. Conclusions We document the occurrence of 13 pre- viously unreported genera and 100 previ- ously unreported species of Carabidae in Minnesota, and report a major range exten- sion for one species in the United States and for four species within Minnesota. Fur- ther, we describe the seasonal activity and numerical dominance of P. melanarius in remote sub-boreal forest sites in northern Minnesota, suggesting that newly disturbed areas in these forests may be colonized by invasive species. The results of our field and museum surveys should stimulate and provide the basis for future biodiversity studies of carabids in Minnesota. Our study underscores the significant benefits of aca- demic insect collections that act as reposi- tories of distributional, ecological, and tax- onomic information about species present in native landscapes. In the future, we hope that researchers will take greater advantage of such insect collections, and that the uni- versities and other institutions will receive greater funding and resources to improve and maintain their collections for studies such as ours. Acknowledgments We thank P. Anderson, B. Babcock, J. Donnay, L. Fruend, A. Graves, D. Kasten- dick, H. Krause, N. La Trace, J. McGovern, M. Platta, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources fire-suppression staff for field assistance. We are grateful to J. and M. Albers and R. Maki (Minnesota De- partment of Natural Resources), T. Mc- Cann, D. Neitzke, T. Norman, P. Johnson, and M. Theimer (USDA-Forest Service, VOLUME 107, NUMBER 4 939 Gunflint Ranger District, Superior National Forest), and J. Zasada (USDA-Forest Ser- vice, North Central Experiment Station, re- tired) for assistance on the project. Museum assistance was received from C. Bellamy (California Department of Food and Agri- culture), R. Brett and D. Kavanaugh (Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences), P. Clausen and A. Graves (University of Minnesota), G. Courtney (Iowa State University), R. Davidson (Carnegie Museum of Natural History), T. Erwin and D. Furth (Smithson- ian Institution), C. Favret (Illinois Natural History Survey), G. Fauske (North Dakota State University), D. Dean and S. Turner (University of Wyoming), L. Kimsey (Uni- versity of California, Davis), S. Krauth (University of Wisconsin), G. Noonan (Mil- waukee Public Museum), D. Shpeley (Uni- versity of Alberta), J. Sakamato (John Hop- kins University), M. Towerton (South Da- kota State University), and K. Will and C. Barr (University of California, Berkeley). We also thank the Grand Portage Band and D. MacLean for providing a new ground beetle record. 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