PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 108(1). 2006, pp. 226-236 SYSTEMATIC PLACEMENT OF LYCAENA COGINA SCHAUS (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE: POLYOMMATINAE), A BIOGEOGRAPHICALLY DISJUNCT NEW WORLD SPECIES Robert K. Robbins and Marcelo Duarte (RKR) Department of Entomology, RO. Box 37012, NHB Stop 127, Smithsonian In-stitution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S.A. (e-mail:
[email protected]); (MD) Cole^ao de Lepidoptera, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Nazare 481, 04263-000 Sao Paulo SP Brasil (e-mail:
[email protected]) Abstract. — Balint and Johnson described genus Elkalyce in the Lycaenopsis Section of the Polyommatini for the South American butterfly Lycaena cogiiui Schaus and suggested that it is closely related to the tropical Asian Oreolyce Toxopeus. This systematic place-ment was based on four characters that are phylogenetically uninformative or incorrect. A medial uncus without lateral hairy lobes, cephalad entry of the ductus ejaculatorius into the penis, and brief anastomosis of forewing veins Sc and R, further falsify this systematic placement. Elkalyce cogina is transferred to the Everes Section of the Polyommatini fol-lowing an unpublished hypothesis from the late John Eliot, where it is likely a close relative, perhaps a congener, of the primarily eastern Asian Tongeia Tutt. Elkalyce and Tongeia are the only genera with "false" alulae, which we characterize morphologically, on the male genitalia penis, but the position of the "false" alulae in each genus is slightly different. A lectotype is designated to preserve stability of the name Lycaena cogina Schaus, and the distribution and habitat of E. cogina are summarized. Six cases are noted in which a New World lycaenid species, or species pair, is most closely related to an Old World lineage, but E. cogina is the only endemic South American lycaenid whose closest relative is in the Old World. Whether or not Elkalyce is congeneric with Tongeia, the relict distribution of E. cogina suggests extinction in the intervening areas. Key Words: Elkalyce, Everes Section, false alulae, Lycaenopsis Section. Polyommatini, Tongeia Schaus (1902) described Lycaena cogina is not congeneric with other New World from southern Brazil (Castro, Parana). Even genera, but suggested that it is most closely though Lycaena Fabricius was widely used related to Oreolyce Toxopeus, a genus that at that time for species now placed in sub-occurs primarily in the tropical parts of family Polyommatinae (Draudt 1919-1921, Asia. Alternatively, John N. Eliot examined Eliot 1973), Schaus did not suggest those a male of Lycaena cogina, including its polyommatine species to which L. cogina genitalia, and proposed that it is related to might be most closely related. Balint and Tongeia Tutt in the Everes Section of the Johnson (1996) described genus Elkalyce Polyommatini (unpublished letters to Rob-for L. cogina in the Lycaenopsis Section of bins, January 1988), a genus that occurs the Polyommatini (Eliot 1973, Eliot and primarily in temperate and subtropical parts Kawazoe 1983). They noted that Elkalyce of Asia. Eliot died in 2003 without publish-
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