285 ON SOME TREMATODE-PARASITES OF AUSTRALIAN FROGS. By S. J. Johnston, B.A., D.Sc, Demonstrator in Biology, University of Sydney. (Plates xiv.-xliii.) CONTKNTS. PAGB {.Introduction ... ,. ... ... ... ... .. ... 285 ii. Material investigated ... ... ... ... ... ... ,, 288 iii. Methods employed ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 292 iv. Systematic .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 295 v.'l'lie processof egg-formation and the function of Lanier's (Janal... ;-}46 vi.Cieneral conclusions ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 348 vii. List of frog-hosts, with trematodes occurring in them ... ... 352 viii. Literature refeired to ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 353 ix. Explanation of the figures ... ... ... ... ... ... 358 Section i. Introduction. — Swammerdam seems to have made the first recorded observation of a trematode living as a parasite in frogs, when he mentions, in his " ]3iblia naturas s. historia animalium, etc.," in 1737, a worm from the lung of a frog. This worm was not named, however, till 1800, when Zeder(103) described and named it Distomum cylindraceum. In the intervening time, it had been met with by Pallas(74) and Goeze('21), both of whom failed to definitely recognise it, the former putting it down as Fasciola suhdavata, the latter as Flanaria cylindrica. This worm, now known as Haplometra cylindracea, is not only the first trematode obtained from frogs, but enjoys the distinction of being one of the oldest known treraatodes. Then in 1758, Roesel von Rosenhof(78) described and figured a trematode from the bladder of a frog without, apparently, naming it; Zeder( 103) called it Polystoma ranee, and Rudolphi (79, p.451) described and figured it as Polystoma integei-rimum.
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