A new species of Phyllonastes Heyer from the Chapare region of Bolivia, with notes on Phyllonastes carrascoicola (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Jörn Köhler Köhler, J. (2000): A new species of Phyllonastes Heyer from the Chapare region of Bolivia, with notes on Phyllonastes carrascoicola (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactyl-idae). -Spixiana 23/1: 47-53 A new minute leptodactylid trog of the genus Pliylloiiastes Heyer is described from lower montane rainforests of the Departamento Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1250 m a.s.l. Phyllonastes ritarasquinae, spec. nov. is characterized mainly by having two phalanges in the fourth finger, well-expanded toe tips with terminal papillae, two pale dorsolateral bands, and by lacking a visible tympanum. In addition, Informa-tion on morphological Variation and distribution of Phyllonastes carrascoicola De la Riva & Köhler is provided. Its advertisement call is described and illustrated. Jörn Köhler, Sektion Herpetologie, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Muse-um Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. Introduction Minute leptodactylid frogs undoubtedly are much more common and diverse within Neotropical herpetofaunas than is expectable when reviewing the literature. Dvie to their small size and their occurrence in dense forest litter, these frogs go partly unnoticed or are at least not adequately represented in herpetological surveys. Among the described genera of minute leptodactylids -an overview is given by De la Riva & Köhler (1998) -is the genus Phyllonastes, erected by Heyer (1977) to accommodate two species originally placed in the genus Euparkerella (Lynch, 1976). The genus Phyllonastes has been reported for the first time from Bolivia by Reynolds & Foster (1992), was subsequently figured by Köhler et al. (1995), and this finally led to the description of a new species supposedly endemic to the country (De la Riva & Köhler 1998). As a result, five species of Phyllonastes have been named until today (Lynch 1976, 1986, Duellman 1991, De la Riva & Köhler 1998). Moreover, undescribed related species have already been recognized in western Bolivia and Peru (M. Harvey, in litt.) and the discovery of additional ones is very probable. The purpose of this paper is (1) to describe a new species of Phyllonastes discovered during fieldwork in lower montane rainforest of Bolivia, and (2) to provide new Information on the Variation, distribution, and biology of Phyllonastes carrascoicola. Material and Methods Notes on colour in life were taken in the field, as were colour slides of specimens and habitat. Measurements of specimens are in millimeters (mm) and were taken to the nearest 0.1 with dial calibers. Sexes were determined by dissection. The phalangeal condition in the fourth finger of the Single specimen of the new species was 47
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