A review of the Mastacembeloidei, a suborder of synbranchiform teleost fishes Part II: Phylogenetic analysis -Robert A. Travers Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD 1 Contents Synopsis 84 Introduction 84 Materials and methods 86 Materials 86 Methods 86 Abbreviations 87 Mastacembeloid interrelationships 89 I. Character analysis 89 Osteology 89 Neurocranium 89 Jaws 97 Pterygo-palatine arch 99 Branchial arches 103 Dorsal fin spines 103 Myology . 103 Cephalic muscles 103 Levator operculi 103 'Musculus intraopercuir 104 Adductor hyomandibulae 105 Hyohyoidei adductores 105 Obliquus superioris 106 Baudelot's ligament 107 Other features 107 Rostral appendage 107 Nervous olfactorius 108 II. Defining characters of the Mastacembeloidei 108 III. Interrelationships of the Mastacembeloidei 109 Mastacembeloid intrarelationships . 110 I. Character analysis .... 110 Osteology 110 Neurocranium .... 110 Jaws 113 Pterygo-palatine arch ... 116 Opercular series .... 118 Hyoid and branchial arches . 119 Pectoral girdle .... 124 -_*>"' T 'This research was carried out in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History) and was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science, University of London. The author's present address: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG. Bull. Br. Mus. not. Hist. (Zool.) 47(2): 83-150 Issued 26 July 1984 83