NOTES ON SOME INJURIOUS LEPIDOPTERA FROM JAVA L. G. E. KALSHOVEN Blaricum, Netherlands Abstract The first of the following four papers treats the biology of two species of Hepialidae, Hepialiscus (Palpifer) sordida (Snellen) and Endoclita (Phassus) sericeus (Swinhoe) in Central Java. The first species lives in tubers and other subterraneous parts of monocotyl plants, the second species is a ring borer. The second paper presents a survey of the biology of several Indomalayan wood-boring Cossidae and bark-feeding Squamuridae (Arbelidae) forming an addition to Roepke's monograph "The Cossids of the Malay Region" (1957). Zeuzera indica Herrich-Schäffer and Xyleutes strix L. are treated in detail, while other species of these two genera and of Cossus, Phragmataecia, and Squamura are dealt with briefly. A summary is given of various modes of life and association of some groups of species with respective host plants. The third paper gives the remarkable biology of two Pyralid bamboo borers: Chilo fuscidentalis Hampson, gregarious larvae of which cause characteristic injury to sprouting bamboo culms in West Java, and Eschata chrysargyrea Walker, boring in young bamboo in Central Java. Finally, the fourth paper is a note on the biology of Amphitales episcopopa Meyrick (Aegeriidae), a bark borer of Actinophora fragrans. Introduction The four papers published in this issue have no other connection with each other than their being the result of the author's work as forest entomologist of the former "Instituut voor Plantenziekten" at Buitenzorg (Bogor), Java. The data of the first two papers have been mainly collected at a field station for forest entomological research in the teak area near Gedangan, a village in the Semarang District, Central Java. The paper on the bamboo Pyralidae is largely a compilation of data collected by Indonesian personnel during the Pacific War. Provisions of the Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Stichting, Amsterdam, have been of great help in preparing the papers and for financing the colour plate. 1. BIOLOGY OF TWO SPECIES OF HEPIALIDAE Hepialiscus (Palpifer) sordida (Snellen) In my book on the pests of Indonesian crops (1951) I have shortly characterized this species as a borer found at some depth in the soil in tubers of Dioscorea, Alocasia, and Amorphophallus . On my request the personnel of the field station at Gedangan took considerable pains to unearth a number of the larvae for ob-servations and breeding experiments in 1933 — 1934. The following main data are extracted from their field notes, arranged according to the host plants. Dioscorea alata L. (Dioscoreaceae) ("uwi brongkol"), growing either wild or 73 \
BioStor
