STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF INDONESIAN SCOLYTOIDEA. 4. DATA ON THE HABITS OF SCOLYTIDAE. FIRST PART/) BY L. G. E. KALSHOVEN Blaricum, the Netherlands Introduction The preparation of this paper has been made possible thanks to a grant received from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Science (Z.W.O.) which the author gratefully acknowledges. Material collected and localities Observations on the occurrence of Scolytid ambrosia beetles, bark-borers and fruit-borers and the collecting of specimens were started by me as part of investigations in connection with measures of forest protection at the Forest Research Institute in Bogor, Java, in 1918. They were continued after my ap-pointment as Forest Entomologist at the Institute for Plant Diseases in 1920 and carried on with several interruptions until about 1938, often rather as a result of personal interest and ambition than as an additional help in dealing with problems of applied entomology. The main sources for collecting material in Bogor at the time were: (a) borer-infested limbs of fruit trees and wayside trees, (b) dead trees and shrubs in the park-like Botanical Gardens and the Experimental Garden, (c) logs and wood samples, as well as material from shot-hole borer infested coffee, cacao, tea, quinquina and rubber trees received for examination in the Bogor institutes, and (d) occasionally fallen fruits picked up from the ground. Observations were also made during frequent duty tours to forest plantations and to the teak area, and on rare visits to the Mountain Division of the Botanical Gardens, Tjibodas, situated on the northern slope of Mount Gedé at 1500 m. A field laboratory for forest entomological work — mainly concerning injurious insects of the teak tree — was established in 1926, in Gedangan, a stopping-place on the railway line Surakarta — Semarang between the stations Telawa and Ke-dungdjati, and situated in the midst of the teak forests of the Semarang district. Here the study and collecting of Scolytids could be carried out as a sideline of the program, whereby I was effectively assisted by the Javanese personnel. (This locality of Gedangan should not be confused with a small place of the same name near Surabaya in E. Java). *) The numbers 1 — 3 of this series have appeared in the Entomologische Berichten, vol. 18 (1958). 157
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