BuUetin of Zoological Nomenclature 139 PROPOSED VALIDATION OF PSYLLA GEOFFROY, 1762, AND SUP-PRESSION OF CHERME8 LINNAEUS, 1758, UNDER THE PLENARY POWERS (INSECTA, HEMIPTERA). Z.N.(S.) 1515 By V. F. Eastop (British Museum {Natural History), London) For many years there has been considerable confusion between the names Psylla Geoffroy, 1762, Chermes Linnaeus, 1758, and Adelges Vallot, 1836. Family names have been derived from all three generic names and Chermes itself has been used in five different ways in four different famihes of Homo-ptera. In the foUomng account the anglicised word " psjdlids " is used for the jumping plant lice knowii as Psyllidae (or sometimes Chermidae) ; '■ adelgids " for the family of Aphidoidea known as Adeligidae (or sometimes Chermidae) ; " aphids " for Aphididae in a broad enough sense to include Eriosoma but to exclude Phylloxeridae and Adelgidae ; and " coccids " for Coccoidea. The name Chermes has been used both for Coccoidea and Aphididae in addition to its better known uses for Adelgidae and PsylUdae. 2. Linnaeus (1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 453-455) proposed the name Chermes for fourteen species, nine of which are currently accepted as psyllids, one as an aphid and one as an adelgid. The other three have been referred to as psyllids by some authors but this has been disputed by others so that the names are usually now regarded as nomina dubia. The three species included by Linnaeus and subsequently selected as types of the genus are the psylUds Chermes alni (: 454) and Chermes ficus (: 455), now usually called Psylla alni (L.) and Homotoma ficus (L.) respectively, and the adelgid Chermes abietis now usually called Sacchiphantes or Adelges abietis (L.). 3. Geoflfroy, 1762 (Hist, abreg. Ins. Paris : 482) replaced Linnaeus' generic concept of Chermes with Psylla because the name Chermes is apparently derived from an Arabic word also in use in France at that time for a coccid or its products ; placed Chermes Limiaeus as a sjoionym of Psylla ; and used Chermes to replace Coccus Linnaeus. The reason for the replacement of Chermes Linnaeus by Psylla is set out on pages 498^99 under Chermes. Psylla Geoffroy, 1762, was invalidated when Geoffroy's work was rejected for nomenclatural purposes by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Opinion 288, 1954. 4. Scopoh (1763, Ent. Cam. : 139), Fabricius (1775, Syst. Ent. : 740 ; 1794, Ent. syst. : 221 and 1803, Syst. Rhynch. : 303) ; Goeze (1778, Ent. Beytrage : 318), Schneider (1785, Nomen. ent. : 32) followed Linnaeus in usmg Chermes for psylUds. Schrank (1781, Enum. Ins. Aust. Indig. : 294) and 1801 (Fauna Boica : 47, 140) also used Chermes for psylUds but his Chermes abietis is probably a psyllid and not an adelgid. The later authors such as Goeze (1778) listed Psylla Geoffroy as a synon3Tn of Chermes Limiaeus. Vallot (1792, Concord. Syst. Reaumur : 97) used Chermes for the genus with the common name La Psylle and Kermes for the common name of the genus Coccus Linnaeus. Bull. zool. Nomencl, Vol, 20, Part 2. April, 1963,
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