Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 177 ON THE AUTHORSHIP AND DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE GENERIC NAME " TYLOS " (CLASS CRUSTACEA, ORDER ISOPODA) By FRANCIS HEMMING, C.M.G., C.B.E. (Secretary to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (Commission's reference Z.N.(S.)501) The present note is concerned with the question of the date to be assigned to the generic name Tyloa (Latreille MS.) uitroduced by Jean-Victor Audouin for a genus of Crustacea (Order Isopoda) in the text prepared by that author for the Crustacea Section of the work by M. J. C. L. de Savigny entitled Description de VEgypte, the plates of which were prepared in the period " 1805-1812." This question becomes relevant to the work of the Commission because of the apphcation for the validation of this name submitted by Professor A. Vandel (Toulouse) (1951, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 2 : 347 ; id., 1952, ibid. 6 : 174-176) in opposition to the proposal previously submitted by Professor Martin L. Aczel (Titatmdn) (1951, Bull. zool. Xamencl. 2 : 156-157) that the earUer name Tylos Meigen, 1800 (Class Insecta, Order Diptera) should be placed on the Official List of Generic Natnes in Zoology. 2. The authorship of the crustacean name Tylos has been attributed by some authors to Audouin and by others to P. A. LatreiUe ; the date of publication has been treated by some authors as " 1825 " and by others as " 1826." The position as regards these matters is discussed in the following paragraphs. 3. Authorship of the name " Tylos " as applied to a genus of Crustacea : As fully explained by Professor Vandel in the second of the two papers referred to above, the duty of preparing the text of the Crustacea Section of Savigny's Description de VEgypte was undertaken by Audouin at the request of the French Government signified in a letter dated " 19 mars 1825." In the absence of evidence to the contrary it must therefore certainly be concluded that for the purposes of zoological nomenclature Audouin is the author of aU names pubUshed for the first time in the foregoing Section of Savigny's work. The only circumstances in which any other author could be accepted as the author of a new name in the Section prepared by Audouin would be if it could be shown that, in the case of some particular name, Audouin had done no more than pubUsh a new name proposed by some other author, that other author's manuscript description for the genus or species concerned being at the same time published bj' Audouin, that description there-fore forming the " indication " required by Article 25 of the Regies. 4. Those authors who have treated Latreille and not Audouin as the author of the name Tylos have based that view upon the passage in which the name Tylos was first introduced, which has been quoted by Professor Vandel in the more recent of the papers referred to above. It is clear from this passage that Audouin recognised that the (at that time unpubUshed) name Tylos had been proposed in manuscript by Latreille, but, in pubUshing that name, Audouin did not quote from LatreiUe's manuscripts and the words characterising the genus Tylos then published by Audouin were written by that author and not by Latreille. The position is therefore that, as pubhshed in the Crustacea Section of Savigny's Description, the name Tylos, though a manu-script name of LatreiUe's, was provided with its " indication " by Audouin and not Latreille and must therefore for the purposes of zoological nomenclature be attributed to Audouin and not to Latreille. If it were desired to indicate the full history of this name, the citation " Tylos (Latreille MS.) Audouin " could, as Professor Vandel has remarked, be conveniently employed. 6. Date of publication of the name " Tylos " as applied to a genus of Crustacea : The Crustacea Section of the text of Savigny's Description de VEgypte is undated and it is necessary therefore to rely upon indirect methods for determining the date to be accepted for names published in it. Those authors who have accepted the date " 1825 " have relied upon the fact that, as pointed out by Ih-ofessor Vandel (see paragraph 3 above), the task of preparing this text was committed to Audouin by the Minister of the Interior in a letter dated 19th March, 1825, and they have assumed that between that date and 31st December, 1825, the text was prepared by Audouin and actually published by the authorities. Sherbom (1897, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1897 : 287) examined this question and came to the conclusion that the date " 1826 " was to be preferred
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