A review of the African Phaneropterinae with . ,f^ ., rr T .. , v open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigomidae) D. R. Ragge K Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Contents Synopsis 67 Introduction 67 Acknowledgements 68 Material 68 Methods 69 Characters studied 70 Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl 75 Biology 76 Economic importance 79 Biogeography 79 Inter-relationships 82 Phaneropterinae Burmeister 84 Key to the genera of African and Arabian Phaneropterinae with open tympana . 84 Descriptions of the genera 89 Check-list of the African and Arabian Phaneropterinae with open tympana . .183 References 185 Index .189 Synopsis The 41 African and Arabian genera of Phaneropterinae with open tympana are reviewed and a key is provided for their identification. Seven of these genera are new and six (Ivensia, Peropyrrhicia, Dioncomena, Eulioptera, Parapyrrhicia and Monteirod) are fully revised with keys to the species. Thirty-three new species and one new subspecies are described. Three new generic synonyms, six new specific synonyms and eight new combinations are established. Accounts are given of the biology, economic importance and biogeography of the group, and of the inter-relationships of the genera. A check-list is given of all the genera and species, including synonyms. Introduction It is just over a century since Brunner (1878) monographed the world Phaneropterinae, which then comprised 112 genera. There are now this number of nominal genera in the African Phaneropterinae alone, and a world monograph is no longer a feasible proposition. In order to keep even the present review to a manageable size I have confined it to the 41 African and Arabian genera in which both the outer and inner fore tibial tympana are openly exposed, together with the single genus Diogena, which has auriculate tympana but is clearly a close relative of two African genera with open tympana. As discussed on p. 70 1 am using the nature of the fore tibial tympana purely as a convenient and easily seen character for a broad subdivision of the subfamily and am not pretending that the resulting groups are 'natural' ones. The geographical region embraced by this review is the same as that used for my 1968 catalogue; it includes the whole of the African mainland and 'off-shore' islands (e.g. Socotra, Zanzibar and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea) and the Arabian Peninsula, but excludes the Malagasy Sub-region, in which the Phaneropterinae are almost entirely endemic. Throughout Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 40 (2): 67-192 Issued 24 April, 1980
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